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Seminar 6 (Pronouns and Articles)
Seminar 6 (Pronouns and Articles)
Translate:
On siex dagum wron geworhte heofonas and eore, sunne and mona, s and fiscas.
Hwt wilt u t ic e do? Se blinda him andswarode and cw: Dryhten, t ic mge
geseon.
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter All genders
Nominative he heo,hio hit hie, hi
Accusative hine hie, hi hit hie, hi
Genitive his hire his hira, hiera, heora, hiora
Dative him hire him him
Relative pronouns
And heo cende hire frum-cennedan sunu, and hine mid cild-claum bewand, and hine on binne
alegde for m e hie nfdon rum on cumena hus. And hierdas wron on m ilcan rice
waciende, and niht wcan healdende ofer heora heorda. a stod Dryhtnes angel wi hie and
Godes beorhtnes him ymb-scan: and hie him micelum ege adredon. And se engel him cw:
Nylle ge eow adrdan. Solice nu ic eow bodie micelne gefean, se bi eallum folce. For m
todg eow is Hlend acenned, se is Dryhten Crist, on Dauides ceastre. And is tacen eow bi:
Ge gemeta an cild hrglum bewunden and on binne alegd. And a ws fringa geworden mid
m engle micelnes heofonlices weordes, God heriendra and on eoran sibb mannum godes
willan.
Pronouns
Demonstratives and articles
There are two demonstratives in OE- one is used for that or the, the other for this. They agree in gender, case,
number with the nouns.
Case Masc sing Neuter sing Feminine sing Pl., All Genders
Nom. se, se t Seo a
Acc. one t a a
Gen. s s re ra
Dat. m m re m
Inst. y y, on
Demonstrative this
Case Masc sing Neuter sing Feminine sing Pl., All Genders
Nom. es is eos as
Acc. isne is as as
Gen. isses isses isse issa
Dat. issum issum isse issum
Inst. ys ys
Useful Generalizations:
Relative Pronouns
The forms of the demonstrative, definite article (1) are also used as relative pronouns:
- either alone: ic eow bodie miclene gefean, se bi eallum folce (I announce you great joy, which shall be to all
people)
- or with the indeclinable particle e
Hwer is se cyning, se e acenned is? (Who is the king, who is born)
- the indeclinable particle e can also function alone as marker of relative clauses
se ws cynning ofer eall Angel- cynn butan m dle e under Dena onwalde ws
(he was king over all the English people except for that portion which was under the control
of the Danes)
- the indeclinable particle plus the personal pronoun
- the omission of the relative (like in MnE)