A Review of Gaussian Random Fields and Correlation Functions

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 70



    "!$#%


&
' )(*(+!#-, . &/0, .
1 323
0465 7859;:<
=4
>@?BACAC?ED+FHGIDCJLKMJLNPOC?BQ
FHRID;SUTWVYX.X"Z

[
[\[
_] ^M`bac<de`
jmq{fhl;jtg itxYs[\xik~vmi jmilog znYx[\[\nzploprl;lou nBqslozjCjmjtBl;lwitzlojt\uEzlvmjtxYBiw;loito\xzHByki}vm[\l*xzBu{q{lozujt~xB\wq|jml;ywxzj}yvmx[~lCv [~i{g lwlCxz3~[ Wvtvtxkl;jm{xBimvtyksit[\jmzqslkuP[~\l@ju{pe u{[~v i g gxByxBv sg l{loBLlo0l3usl;ykjmxzzxjm|jmi}lol;vEi;vC\ lWfhfhu{gg ll
vmvmu{x{[~xxB vmuHfhvtzg[\u{xzl+ujtolCxYznxkl;vjmjg [\z[\l;iu{jtlzl@imzi}zjt{l<u{yw+itlCsitwjmxzlovtyk\x+lLykElbu{[\itxzqspeykjm[~~uE[~lC\v@[\zzzjlu{pexH[~v lovg jmg jtBlxBlojmusixzl;jmv jmykg zl<{z~jt[xBlCityzu{l;l;xzqje%vmyqsijm{i}xz|i}{vb zg |slz[\~i[ [~vu{loksv q|sg ~lCl;BxzlovmjmuE v
[iejml;fhogxz[\ykihykploxzu{jmklC[\"ie itsqsqLxzjtvtlCYwjtlCi}lCj g lo\~xpbi g [\q+jmxzy fhg l<elCi}lCj gH xz{u{[\
xzI@xzjmpB
{{+zz; Uo@Wm;soo

sM.9Y_sb%.@@}
vmq{fh[~~xBg lCu*[\ieiexlCIit[~zvtxz[\ywuxzuHq{s~lo[\lWibjm[~q{nit[\ywvvmg[~[\nBi l;jig zgvtixwzi|v gl;|lol<l;uloqsu3zjtlC{jml;lCl;{"[~ou{l;w@3xB\zitusx3u{lW+lYslolCp9l;vtq[\lvhxzsu3xz|ykjh vqsp\ol;xkxzihuEykxzvmz[~itu{q|xz[~jelCus vtg ji}zxBusywzsl@lCloiou{lMsit[Yvml;yw[~lCi
xBj@fhxBg jtljmlousxvmv[~xBvmu3[~xBu sgu{zvti%[\|xzu{l;loi ug it~nz[\ lg |vt\l;Wlouzz{{i}vtl;lCH[\uu|<l;i}l;vmnz[~xBlouHj{l; sjtjmsxz ji"u|Wyw[itqsjt[\uEvmi g nzl
L lolol;EuvtxYl;xBuHjtjmp l;g vtx l;g nzhlyq|xB[~[~uEuvml;q{Hzj}xzvm[\ovbsitlojenBlozjj.vmloljmsjtxBjmvti;x b~ g [\\[\lou [lzu{bususlo%[\itl
LIz{ Uo@Wm;soo

[\[~
; sosBEkE<tB
\smUsLtB
suEvtl;j@. fhg xBykq{i}xBu

[\n
@x{{{ W{imit[\zuHbzu{xBy)[~l;\si@u{ xzjmjtl;\vt[\xzuHssu{vt[\xzu{i n
w ` wI
o.oz;L
*B~s [\us[~vtloe [~yk l; u{i}[\xzu| [\i}vtjm[\svt[\xzu|i<<W<W<<W<W<<<W<


BB MIxBitq|[lCvm[~nBvlvt [\xzlu{u{[u|vmlous lCitxin<jm[Wu{<olW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<
B Wz {{\ imi}[Mub[izvmlou{u{oxzlyW<[\lo<sWi<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< 

B  YzY yw\ yklovtEjmvm[~lCvti[\xzu{<zjt[~<v$W<<<<WW<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<


zz  bi}usxzvt[itjmxxzvtqYjmxzq{<[\Wb<<u|Wxz<yW<[\loWs<i)<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< 


zz @bxBsus[vmi}[~vmxBu{vt[\xz%u{YzYjtykykWzlvm{jtit[\itl;[iuW<b<u{s<xzy)W<[\Wlo<si<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< zC
B  zi} xzsvt\jmxzqs[ i}xzvtjmsxzqsvm[\[s[~byklou{u|si}[\xzxzy u{zM%lCbzvtxBu{jbxzy[~l;\s[\iWloWs<iWWW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< ;;
 Y EoB  W" ! E;  $#
s~ \xzzuE\ vt[\uYsY[lov q|Wj<s\l<@W<u{<xBWy)<W[~l;<\{Wi<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<
\\zz Y' l;&zu[\lo uE%Bv |jmxBl u{[~xBvtuE[\xzvtu{[\uEi{[xBvj <xz<uEvt[\uY<sWxz{<ibWs<yk<qsW\(l<MW<v gi <<<WW<<
s @l;jt\[\ nvt[\nz[\lC i g l;j <)jm<sWlo*j < @<l;Wjt[\n<Wvm[~<nBl;Wi <<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< z
s @ ,[s+L\l; jtl;uEvt[l;zsu[\~[ v%B|<jmWl(< <[,+LWl;<jtl;WuBvm<[\zWs<[\~[ <v_<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< 
s Evt sx g BiYvm[\' & uE[\vtlol;uEzv j vtxB[\xzu{u [~vtW[\xz<u{iW<xB-j W @<,[ <+Ll;jtl;<uEWvt[<sW\l<<Wyk<qs\W.l <Mv <g i+<WW<< //

0|1 ;|2 %;|3
{{~ Evmlousvtl;[\xzjmu{z5zjt jmxz qLxBlojtjtjmvtlo[\l;i-vm[~xB<u*<sW{<u{Wvm[~<xBu{Wi<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<
 4
B6
ss\ Y qLxzl;uEvtvm[\jmuYzs[~ve loq{jt<lCi}<l;WuBv<vmW[~xB<uW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< 6 

{ si} xzsvt\jmxzqs[Y qL l;xBvmjtjmjmzloevm[~loxBq{u*jtlC{i}sl;uBu{vvm[~vmxB[~xBu{ui_<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< /B6


ss ss f7{xzjtsusu{[\{usie8 7hu{Hu{{ie[\yke[vloiqsjmWl;it<louEWv<vt<[\xzu <WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< 9
//
s s YykxYxv g usl;imihxi}xzvtjmxzqs[ xzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu+{su{vm[~xBu{i <<W<
:;<  =!>w" ?@@ ;|o" !A 0|1 ;|B CL

|~ {Yq|\zlC\ [ D xBg jt[~jmvtlolbvmxB[~xB[\itu+ls<{<u{Wvm[~<xBu{Wi <WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< 
C
zz
| {{ \xzzuE\ vt[\uYsYxzq nB{g loiejml;E@jt[p oxzzgu lousjml l;WB <xzvm<[~u|nBiWl v< uEWxBv jt<jmloWxzjm<jtvml;[~<xB\u+vt[\s<xz{uWu{<<vmWW[~xB<<u{i<<WWW<<<WWW<<<<<<<<<WWW<<< 9z 
99
{{ M sqLsxz[ usl;uBvm<[\zW@<<<<WW<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<< {
EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj
nY[  Ilv}vmlojb@sjm g y3itlou @x{{{
|| ss  @xYvts[\xz[{u|lCA }7{lCitBitlojm{vts[wu{<vt[\xz<u W<<WW<<<<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<WW<< YE
{ | xB{uB~ vm[~uYs7xBlC{iti`itlo)im{s[\~u{vmvm[~[~usxBux%xBvjtgjmlolvm[~[~jxBi}u+`v s~Ws[~u|u{ vt[\Wxzu|<iW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<WW<< BB
|| {{ [~usq|l xB uslouEykvt[qLl;\\HY z ykuYnzq|l;lCjm it.l @xEi}[i[\usvl u{ol<WW<<WW<<<<<<WW<<WW<<WW<<  
{ zykqs~lCihxMykqs\l Mv g i<<W<W<<W<W<<<W<W<W< 
z3 =" ?- 3Y $0|h ;|2 CL  #"

? EhY9  ##
 ;w ?-' 3Z3sB eZ |h  # 4
|;CL #"C
3  <

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zuH@u{xBy)[~l;\{ibu{ xBjtjmlovm[~xBu+ssu|vt[\xzu|i
k ^ d U
fh{gyku{lojmvml[~xzxBjMu{jmiolWl+LxBfhi}j}l;g vCnzl lojfhykg hz[\[~LiMuxYu{jmxzxl;vtitl@is[\~ivmu|i  gu3xy3pvtzl;vtuElonzyklojCqsvjtvtjmvt[lWx\xol;xzi3vm\lo~xBlCuuvjmxBjmzl;yku{itqss~~xz[vmoy&iM[\vtyk{lCHloq|xBsvtj}x3i+vlzuEYu{vvm jmBxzjxBvbqsjtpejmjmloB[~v g vmvm[\xB[~;xBu v
xBzxBykqsjtqsy3[vt\[\vtz;l;vmpe{[~xB[sv u{g i*vbykBjmilxBi}l;pvjtlol;jt\u{lCi}lCBsii+~vmvtijmxkl;iitvvsg ~l<vtvmlCi*~ [ vtxl;zjmiWykvtv sgxzjmjmlollxBjtzvl;jtg ykl<loi;xBit+jtsloqs%vtqs[xzo\us[\l;"[\xBywjqLxzxzjtykvmzqsu{\[olB vml;fh g qsl jmxYixvYi\lzjt[li
vm {[~xBusu{[~i;vtl1|xB@v i}g vitlqsv@vWjmxz[xzioqLLq|lov jtxEg vti}l[\[~l;vtqsi[\xzjmxxzu|{iojbzs@u|[\~u[ vxzlys{[\l;i}l;qvt\jmvts[\[\sxziuvtjm[[\libxzu|Bjmi@loloxBxzywMvml;lov gvtjmlwvm[\;x+jmz|u{usq{[jtxBvmxBlwy)q|sl;{j}[~ykvml;[~\lClo ieu|i}jt[\vWl$xz%Eu{szu[~jmz[\susjt[\si}vt[~vtjmjg[~{jmjt
Bvmlofhjm[\g i}lvt[oiihvm{xz v g xl<qsWjmxzz{{zitsit[[~\[~u vjmi}zq{u{BxBlBy& {l;\si+[\i+[~u y3zuE jml;itq|lCvmi*=ivm{ xox
noxzz[\jtu{[u{[ol;l3u{sl3u{pevt[~[\v xzg u{iwv g xBljo\xBBjtitjmiWloxzvmqL[~xBxBu it[vms[~nBu{l3vm[~xBl{u{u{i;[vmlkfhg slHu{vmz[~xBimu{ii;xz @fhgxn|iojm%[\vzg u{llwoxzsu{u|olovtq[\v<xzu|xi
vqLqLxBxB[\itit[~[~Wvtvt[\[\ nznzlWleBlollus|{l;usu{jmz[[vmvmlhlojmusl;slCititu{sivvt[\i[\xz{xzuit%{g ykz\xz~iMuYsjmi}lyk[\ykl;lojtuEqsjmvml;\zlb*|i}[\vtqLykxHl;q|zvtxBi.jj}v Y$jtu{l;oYqslLjml;zoitu{ lo3 uEvmpes[\vt~[\.xzLtul% oxzi}u{ovmxzit[\u{vtslCitloiel jm%El;v sg3l;u{[\v<u*luYxlo
7x g usl;j i@v g l;xzjmloy[\i@v g l . <Y| Y.ksto p g [ g B[~nBl;iev g litqLl;vmjmz
jmxlosq{iwjtlCxBi}l;juBvxBvmu{[~ixBvmu3jt|xvt[\xzxBu jtjmlou|Pvm[~xBnu\[{su{vmvm[~xB[~xBuPu{iox WfhqLglojm[\iywjt[l;imqsi}[\jmsl;\itllouEovmxzjmvtjt[\l;xz\ukvtz[\xz[\nzuPlCiMzlu{ qs\[\xon[vhjmyk[\zlu{v gl
{u{fhvmg[~xBlu{|iojmi}v@ g qsvtlojei}vmzj}vihE*l{u{[~uskp g vb[\ihyklCuEveE*ju|xzyr|lo*zu{H[~u
q|zu{jtvt[[itsxvtjmxzjWqYHkWjmzl@{imi}[[itou{imji}lCu|+xzu|yk{v g l;l;\"[~jh[\ykEqsyk~[ykolvtvm[\xzjtu{iqsjmxzxzjhqLloxjtvtn[\zl;jti[itu{{o lbg Bu{i*i}vmxBvtjt[\jmxzlou{zvmjt[~[~xBvu
vm{l;u{g u{vm[~[\xB;u{i%ezsjtlMv3qsvjmgl;itllouEjml;vml;its" vikfhg ljmluslitY[\ywvq{ g ~lqvmu|loPj"xzxzuWB[\loywxzqLykxzlojtvtvmjmz[\u{;lHqsvmjmx xzqLv log jtlvt[\l;si"u{[il;itjmxzi}ykvmzlou{p g [\us v
xzyk xBg jtlxprxBjjty3u{sexzjmyl;its{~lovmisiwit{L l g g znBi+lz0xzYu|xzyk[vm[~l*xBu{liksykxBjqs\l;xziwuEvm[~jmuYl+s[~Bv[~PnBloxzu=vmjx u{i sg xzl;y&0~|[\ log svkioxz u=fhv gg ll
vogxz[\jmjmjtl;\gvt[\xzquvmloj{u{xBukvm[~oxBxzu{jmiojtl;\vtl;[\xzusulojsIu{ykvtl[\xzv gu{xiszi[\nzl;xzij<ykxBzu{uYi}vtjmjm{l;itsvm[~xBviuxBu jmlg xBpP[~nBlovmuxxzzu{v[\u3it[~yknqs\[\\ l
jm l;g i}vtqjm[vmlovtje[\xzzu|[\nzilC\ie[\ywi}xB[~vtyk[\usl losv gyklHqso\\Bl;ihitiwxIxxBjtxzjmjmlojmlovm[~vtxB[\uxzu0su{su{vt[\xzvm[~u{xBieu{i3xzsu{jml+*q{[\u*jtxv nYg [l<l;\"[vm lojfhvtg {l*jtlB zi}v
vm@[~xB\itu{xkihxv [g i p lg g vmxzjvqs[\[~iW3~xloykIvl;i}uBxz[\yvms[~xBYv{us\l;$vt[\xz> \uHx$v xxzjmjlonzxl;u|nzjtl;Ej;xzv Eyrg [~[us|itolo{zsit|itiexB[\xzi}xku{vi[\i}ykxvmq|vtnxB[zij}vmjtv[\[\;xzuEBve{jm[\z[~uuHy3l;qsijtjl;zu{u|vmlb[\;z[il;usxBzloykqsjqs[vt\\[vt[\ol;;l;
vmxzojtx[\nu{v g itjm[\[[\iezjmu{qszjmu{l;lCitiloxBzuEy6jtvml|vtolo[\xzxzsykui qsz\u{lvm<lo\B+lousll;sjmoz~{~[solCl;W" jmzfhu{g [\xzi@y6pxB{sl;\\s*i;jml %ExBsu{[\itjt[\l<l;jtulCWlo|zl;ykzxB[~u{u{Wvtv[\xzg ulimxIxz[\qLul
fhg ly3[\u [\'u {{lou{olxzu v g lxBuEvtlouEvi3[\ijtxBy zz\xzy ;9 / ku{2 v l; jtu
;9/9uY jtlCi}{vi+jmlLxzjmjtxpl;Pjmxzy v g l;yH fhg ly3z[~u [\u'{sl;u{l xzu v g l

jmjm l;lg itl;sqjt~l;vmvmlou{i@j3xzlwuxzu\[\qLi}xBv<zitl;[\[xziWvmyk[~nBYllvmjtus[loxH|zusyk[q{vml;lzjtxBu{q|siWl;u|j}xzvmvt[~yk[\lCxzikqsu|\[\ili3vmzlkjtlWs~l;jmvjxzyxBCuE/ vmsg 1 [\u{xYloiuYLv<loxBjm\l;i} v3zi} xv<C@zi}/ vxBg ywllkCsxzzu{9 {v  g  l3yk yklofhuExBvmg jtzll
it[\zus[~|ozuEvHxBuEvtjm[~ssvt[\xzu{i;rsxzjz{[vm[~xBu{jmllojmlou|l;i*i}l;l lB | zz\xzy C/ 9
zusy3jzl C/ z szu{*\loj ;/ {$

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


Ilvtvtl;jbbsj g zy3i}l;u
 @x{{{

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zuH@u{xBy)[~l;\{ibu{ xBjtjmlovm[~xBu+ssu|vt[\xzu|i
c A ` `
9xBjty3zl{u{[vm[~xBuHxzI tLB o~ jtlCzsi;
jyk lovt lojhCp itLlg9v;[' " g Y=ELxz}lje+zl;snz[\nzlolojmu%3" Is6lCj> u{.U xB y9%{l[\ievIlowb+qsyk[ijml;xzv B{g i}zl;ssu*j[\~[{v~{lusitq{[~svtzlWu{oxzlzvtj [\xzZjmul;YxL- nI  \saCl;z u{s<u{evtq{[\xzu
zv gfhfhxzgg jl|l io .i}Ysus[~xBykuEloYu|y3i}[\i xzu{tzLB{ o~[lC uoitq{zolzWu{ 3sCpe[~ v 3g Ldt$ 9M pe[~z\jtzlLl{itxBl;u{it[\Y l;jtitlCxzyk[~u l
vLg llitsxzqs\~qsxjmpel;[\imusi}lC| fhv g g jmlWxzs l;gq|xzl;u{vhlov u|g lW3vtloxzEu+vCv g lWsu|lojm~Y[\usq{jtxB{s[\\[v3itq{zol@pe[\~.{it{\\
U

{slxzvtjwl;jtHyks[\usl;[i vm[\* su{ vt[\xzv u g l3[\iws{u{it{vtz[\xz~\u = o \\l;P W [\iusxzusUju{sxz y{u{vm[~xBu=x fhxzjkg [ i
vmgml , CCUt Lu{ Hxzj[ibsl;usUxvml; HYY*ikv\u{xspzl;jmjb*ovmzloitjml<ywo\l[\us@v}vmxBLlo~j-~xBkz zs  fh ug v lgo[q|i@jLxz~uEykvmllvmYlo vej ov g l[ibxzozjmy3~\l;
sl{us[~vt[\xzuit[~ykqs\+yklCu{i;
m tjLzu| xzy n~z jt[s \l;i q{ ;.  G .  oU=so {
fhg 2lw[\[\ykieloqLu{xBitim[\itxz[~us\xzlzsv g lxBusxYlxz j[\yk[\u{lou{vmlit[~[xBi%u{|i}.{jz~u{\Wsxz[~uyrv g {ll;\jHus[ieBlM{itjt{xBy \\+xzusolz~vt\l;xbHxB sjCsvMuY
.v g tl$moxYxzjfh[~u|g lvtvtll;[\jti yg [~ jm zg u{loj@xBv y_g z|uloxznusYlB[\bib{it{u|\xz~3y|{i}lCl;k\svti@xk[~uivmjtvlCpitx+ivzg u{Hvv v g g jtlWl;l[\yw[\ywl;u{$ l;mitu{{[~xBit[~u+xBUu{x i
zit{jtlW g l;u{Bi xBg suEvtjmloxzjm\l;xz+Bz[~uzwzjmpe[\o[slWvmsjmzjmuslzzzzlu{xwMzitolo[~xBl;~u{xBzlCBihbu{zHu{l;itxzqLyl;{[lo\\s3iM[~p uHg v log jml<l l; [\jtiv gWq|itoxE[~i}l;[~u{vt[\xzlCu i
[\ui}q|zxBu{loit[\vm[~ykl;jl<v gljml<zi~ykvm{xBi}[\vhl;H[~uE[\vtu*{[vmvms[~nBjmlssjm\l;loitu{so~vhlWvv gg l;vxzjm{u{u{vmH[~xB[\u{uHieykxlovtjmlozxBu{jtxBxB~xByzB{ losiejmlWi}x
ju|xzyr|losio
Y|1  " B Hkmzo~(  os ? G 3 L ~Y o6c
mLBo~ _ W 1 so ? _ W *~YU` t.z
\o

xz[\u{ei}vmywfhzlCu{g z[\itil<s[jix sHlo \nBlki}l vmsu|Cu{sE6vtsj[\xzEu{qsjmi;ql; it"s Bv_ 1 .jmzxzWzy 1 qsxzjmjxz{z7zjt[~ls\~[\[\z~us[ BvEHi}[\\u vlog ykl;xzl;;jmz/  it9"ssykjEqslCszq\itlw"s$ jmsBzu{$ s.\lvt [\zxzsu{u{i; vt[\Yxzl;lou{Bl3i;i}sxB?jtj
vzg slW\lxz{\\u{xpevm[~[~xBusu{3iMo[\xzu{jmxz\\{\zjtlewxBxzuE\vt\x[\uEpb{ihxz[~{ykiyksl;u{[vt[\vmxzlou{\i;zB itsy3i;qsjmxYs{viozzu{yk[~y3s fhg {i
0|" Z1   <tLz \
[A .( t<t.zo~<L( Y _ so8 5 <wt.z
o~B
[\[ A . tt.z o~ { 3mLB o~B
a2$\hY1 \h
\ Z *  *1 Zh *$ `6 @GgY 
c1\!
" #$ " $ WZ% &1N '$ " 1ZhY1 ((&$) \ 
$ $\hY1 Z G\ Y*(+c 
-,/.G012Z\6
" 5Z* 6
 \1 >
&c
(U 3 54Z ( W761 " 8c
@ Y 3Y6
Z1 

&$ c
(',:9 - ( @   ;<c\ 7Z6
"  Z$ 5#= W ',:9 7 >#= @ ?%&@
 (
AgY 
c1 B

   \ 
( @5 "$\hY1 Z n\ -c
Z Z 7 @U " ( 1 C&1D ,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


 Ilvtvtl;jbbsj g zy3i}l;u @x{{{
t@ $ % Y@ $ B{ es}
{fhYl;x g \[{ ihio;i} lCfhuHvmg [~[~lbxBuu*qsqsjmjmxzxB[~qLu|u{lo[\jtl;q{vtjt[\u|l;"iIiLxzv log.\l<xzv guslbwxzu|q|vmixkvmjjtz{~ykykvtlxE[\vmxzilouvbjxzituYl%v;+n9 it\q{[\*Bpeqsl([\jm~|xzus{xzlzvs {[\|~[lbi.vmo[\xz@u{yk it[\ xYsslolojml;iw sxB jhuE vtjm [\z{ u{it{vmxzlo y jCg
E-F'E G :HAI 7J K L!I 7K 7MN 1K

v g v PO

_ y k U |
.

ykfhg xz{jm-lWizjv l;g usu{llosjoxzxzy"u{its{q{[vml;z[~\oxBl;u{i[ikihv jtgus$l zxz%Eujmsy3[~ jml; \=~ *xzl;j3imljm[~[Livml;lo*u{YolH+z[~vmjti lHn\[\Pxzjkju{sxzy{ l;\siwxBuPzj
RQPS UT 0V 0V 0V 'W V

{ @ }kosL w~UK
Uos
z\$ _ WW 6|jtxB _ W
fhg losy{\vt[\nz l@[xivmvmljt[\si}vmxw[~xBv u g v{u{vm[~xBu{i+zjtlYPlo{us[~vt[\xzu Y\ m{U{{Y zu{
X 7Y=Z [ [ [ Z 7\ :] _^ 'Y` 7\a` :]cb

.LBotY
_ W W | B WW |-

Ll;nzl+louEimf vpivt[xi}{ol; xz"u{ it[ i vmxzlou{u{ itoW[W lojt j$l %B {qL[~jmlolojmyky louEvvivmu{[~xB xBuu v g lkxz{usv g[~vt llo[\u{[\yklWlo= u{ itit[\lxzv u{zI s[\Wi}vtjm [~{ *jmvtl[\xz[\[~u{u{iWl;ouEl3yvt[v{og i}lv
X Y Z [ [ [ Z \ edf ] X Y Z [ [ [ Z \ 0f f

hg i

v g l 3U _ .U
kj 'Y` 7\a` l]m hj noY` ;p
_ n \` ;p*] m

z/ _ W /| _ W /
y{iv g xz"M-i}[\yk[~jbzjtBsyklouEve[~ykqs\[~lCiv g vev g l b{UA mL
X 'Y=Z [ [ [ Z \ l] X noYZ [ [ [ Z n \ ;p ;p+]

z 9 _ W _ | _ W _

{yqsl;jm{xz\i{vk~Bl;LoylHxB[imjmiesvvm[~us[\g i}lo{jml;vtlx xB jtzlW @\$v [givmlyjt[\s|xBiuYvbvmnz[~usxBlolCjuPitlzlC{itimu{Mjmvmv[~[~\g xBlou{jmimi lvtl[i} [+ivxBu{[\i}vtxzjm[~jmvt[\[~s[\Bxz[~u{u{vti [\xzvt u[\zus/{hu{jmxzu|vmy&[~ xBu{ i z jm9z u{ fhxzg y l
X Y Z [ [ [ Z \q Y ]r X Y Z [ [ [ Z \q YZ \ ] r f

X 'Y
Z [ [ [ Z 7\

p[\usg *[ v g g lCimi}lwvt[{i}us [~vtl3oxzu{[\yk[~vtlo[\u{xzitu|[\ixzu{ zBI 9 s<[\i}vtu|jm[~ { vtz[\ xz9 u{iYM xYfhl;gi<lwv g zlou{jmitlplol;Yj[i}[iWvzlCijBu{ooxBxzyj[~|u{lo3 vtxHg vg nEl X 'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\

xB~\xpe[~u{zywxB{ihv g loxBjtl;yH
 0 L{ , ;` < Z o$ Y9  Y|h  < oc >z/| W}3os.UK
o.sU z 9 Y { g {tk sB+ 3oo3 e.LtzBU UU{/ LZYs-A I @3smLoBU
s /t-u

X 'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\

~ {h CE 5 <| |W }3os.oso
wv

qL zxBim/ i}f k[\sp\xlhu| q{vtxjtxY itzxq| 9lCiIwz[~jtxBlj|xzuss[uYvmu| l it[\lu8[\ywv*7l;x[~u{<\~it[\[~usxBxYEu{xzi}j\{los[\u{[\i};vtvm/jml;[~9i{svt qs[\xzq%u{9Wi WCh + fhv gg iml;[\iu$vt[ywi}=lCE[\usu{xBijtjmv ol;g xzitq|u{vxB[~u{[~Lvt[\[~xzvM[\usu|[\ ii
j (m X Y Z [ [ [ Z \

X 'Y
Z [ [ [ Z 7\

jBlou{ussl;jmxzzy.o{xzloyk qs\l[\;[\vmi}l;v;" fhssg vlHol;xzj}u{vi}vt[\jmuH{itq|vt[\lCxzuP[xz;zitit{l; ig _|qslCjmxzxB|ywls[\it~[\[ ywv=q{~lB[ ivmjt[\svm[~xBu{i3jml+[\u ]

itz[~~u|ykfhxBlbi}g v velg ljm\xz"qs\qsjtlWxBjtxxBq|Iq|l;j}l;v vmgj}[~vml<lC[~ilCsixzu{x%v l;g qsjtl@\jYz{[~usu{vt3[[ovmq{lz LjtxB[\[~uE{ykvtl;l;sjtu{[\lC\i}[i[\vvCxz+Iu|@itq{.uB[~[\lzyki}vt qLjmZ[\xzsjtIvm`vt[\uExzavhu|iols [\ibl; q{vti}[\|xz uH\Y~[*isvl[~jmgvtjtl;l<l;jt~ykl;xBn[\uEusvtuEl;[~iv
X Y Z [ [ [ Z \

uYxBsjb[~vuu|\ywxE,[ i+.vhlovmjmjtlo[\uEnYvt[\[z"sl[\s\[vykxzqs \lzm m , CU{  x"@ju|xzy-|lo"IlolbMszywq{~le\


x zyo " ( Z
hY " ZZ\ &$\
 Y {c
Z " c "  2 " 1Y " 5|A 1 Z
h3 \ 
@}
c WZ o&$
&'69 " 3 1
"  \ 6+%& Z +B
 c Y ~ " ,x9 
 c Y ~IZ
. 3 @&$ \ #= &$ 


541N " 5|A 1 Z
Z
(hIc& \
(
,G 
\ 5%}7

@1,o'''=cc
@ Y   " N\Y ',

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W |itit[\zuH@u{xBy)[~l;\{ibu{ xBjtjmlovm[~xBu+ssu|vt[\xzu|i 

<%LsM@ II{M@.
fhg l {Io U xzIwju{xByr{l;\H[ihE*l{u{[vm[~xBu
E>F <( 

'v

| ^ b R/ K 8K

fhBibg E[\iIvt[\[\louE~vtvlolCBibjmz[\uEovtloBuwjmLz\lilo[\u qs jtlC_ itit l;7[~\Y\[~usE{i}it\[~lous;v /g 9lhs{Yusq[~vt{le/ /9[\yw l;u{it[~xBu{s[i}vtjm[~ssvt[\xzu 5 G X

z + 
Y
X

Bfhjmg zl "[~ u  y6 6   o [ioxzjmjtlCi}qLxzu|[~u{z\wloqsjtlCititl;+zihwYvt[\lo~vl;ib[~uEvtlo


z /  xn $
_^ b 1^ 
 b d

y  


RB @  X Z d

p g lojml;ziv g l G [i

fhg l 6 mto~U  o xIwjmzu{xzy {loH[\ihY*sl{us[~vt[\xzu


z 9  | xBjtj


^
b

uHv {g xzlWj@xzoxz\~uExvtpe[\uY[\usswxz|v giel<[\li}vt[\jmi}[\vtsl;u{vt[\xzlWuxz{v u{g lvm[~xBxu{niejmv [g lu{olbsu{vt[\xzu[ibzimi}{ywlC" [iexB


v[\usl;*jmxzyrv g l<q{zj}vm[\zlojm[~nvt[\nzl;i ls|i}lv g Llti}B\xzzqsoqY u{xzvmovts[\xzu"U` Bi  oU
]

X Y Z [ [ [ Z \ _ W ]
Y Z [ [ [ Z 7\ _ W ] |


_?eo l ]

vmhf log Blojmuz\i;Y vt[\lo~vl;i[\uEvtloBjmz\iozu|lpejt[~v}vmlou zibxBjms[~u{zjtl;|lCi}Bsl xzje[~l;y3usu"@[\u



oe
_ W ]
]
X _ W
Y Z [ [ [ Z 7\ ]


eo
_ W 9
l] _ W 6' _
'YwZ [ [ [ Z 7\ 
:]
oe
l]
]

plog q|lolCjml vmvt[\xzzu jtlvu{g *l 7xxznjmlojm[\zitu{lvi lW [\{u u{ vm[~xBMu YxzjtxzljMjtlCxBzuBvm[\~[~HuYslxB{qsiIjml;im[iitvml;jt[\sYvm[~{xBuit[~u{su{v g vt[\lxzu{qsi;jmxzv|g l



] ]

{[~\[vHlou|i}[~vt[\l;i;

+ s'
Y

 -h  's' @
Z   d

9_x GcAN @> c & " 3 =$ &1N+_5#=; c
& W c " 1 NZ Y9Y$1 I\
7,l
>(  \ *1 ((  h _` " 1I >/c7 
&| W  Y/ +U$\c\ " 5|A  " ,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


  Ilvtvtl;jbbsj g zy3i}l;u @x{{{
qLC/xz/j{uEvm.vtl;ql;iz% j99il;u{x %i}[~fhvvg=g l@l3u{xzi}[\Pjmzy u{q{[| zjt;vt  \u{ovlu{g xzvw v z[~gv3/l+\E~vtxjm[\pbl@lo~ivozlC~i<[\\iml;[\ uBxBvmuElovtUB[\uEjmz{ o[vm[[~iWlCiq{{[\ u jtvt\ m v g 7v<[~[~\ vW\[~us[\u{Eboi}v \xzglojtl

uYzu=syxz|jl;j[~u|xzejm v g lCi}lolHLl;itjmzl+{l$xBWs[\uEuEvmvtlo{B~jmlBzIv zg u{l0E vt[\lo ~vxzlC{iuBv[\uEsvtl;\l$zji}{;yu0xz@LlxBuBl;vmojt[\xzsykq|vm[~xExBi}u{lCi< jm[~uExzvmy x X Y Z [ [ [ Z \

v[\u{g l\{[imlC(i xzuE xzvmj[~uY[~su|[~vt[\jml; i;Y [\fhuEvtg lo{Bi;jmBzv\i;g lWi}E{vtyk[\loi;~svlCu|iH[\uEovtxzloyBjmsz[~su|[ivt<[\xzu{u|xivmxzvt[\v xzg u{l;zit{lz xBu{i}vtjm{vm[~xBukv g v
 Y s W@Yb
[\fhzuu{g q{lezusoj}xzlCvmu{[\olCositloim\qzvj;jm|Hxzv og {xzlu{qLsxB[Kvmit[~[xBWvmu[~znBZlxzjW|lolC{iousvL[~vtslo\u{ [\il;[g imii[\ussxzu{M{v xzg u|yklwi}lo[iuExvmvmnlozuEjmvI[{su{usxBoj[~lWvtlW su{{[\ykimvmitlo[~[\xBu{zuuit[~xBj[iu{u{*Isi}xz y [&3ivm{jto[\l;[~sl;\suEvi
E-F BK  RI @ K/K

vm[~xBu{io
CL6  lov L

l
L
q B
x t
i
[ m
v ~
[ B
n *
l \
[ E
u t
v o
l B
o
l C
j

|
u P
\

l v zu{ xBj

U W fhg l;u3v g lbsu{vt[\xzu xB8u [\iitz[\wvmx|lq|xEi}[~vt[\nzl itloyk[c tl{u{[vml


i _

xBu9[ wi

O

z 
] ]

_ _
xBjbuY+ g xB[\olxz _ W su{ _ WW
C '

j u{WxzWsu| xzi}y[lo|j3loz u pez[jtv sg [~vtjxnjm=jm[\zxBu{~\l;lvt[\sxzu{u vt [\xzu W  fh g l; u% xBxjjmzjmu{s[~vtxBjyjmnzjml;jt[{uE~lC{iyLjmxzloyji


i ] e]

Y \

_ ]

zj _ U _ _ 
] ]

 ^ Y
ee
] 7\ b

\fhlogyk[y3iMwxB[~yu|{[i}vblo|u{lWolhvmpejt{[lzv g v g lblo{us[~vt[\xzuwx.q|xEi}[~vt[\nzlelo{us[~vtlou{l;imiMi}xv g vMv g lxB~\xpe[\us


'

 0 s
~ h G
G U{ Yo~Y0 s ~
{UKkzZ|oUs d

[~vb[\ihfh[\gu[ihzl;[\ieuslokji}vt jmg xzzusjmw+jmvtl;x3i}vtnBjm[\lojmvt[[\xzBu+ xBuv g lzimixqLxBimit[~s\lWxnjm[\zu{l@su{vt[\xzu{iezu{


3Y{h  
{ UK kzZ | s oU~s3o 6    os  ozo +M { \3


\ xzmus\;ywE iexE ivmvkxfhvmvg jtg l*[\lnY[\zlozykimy3xzibqsxzqLxBimq|itxE[~vti}ilz[~vt v [\gnzfhlgvvlvg {l*u{uY[vm=lzimq|si<xEu|i}x[~bvtvt[\[\nzxzxlu|nioz jtlo[{D usu{g [~ovtlwlHvsjtsl;u{u{ykvmzvt[~[\xB[~xzu|u{u ioiL[u{[\i3i@l; vtx*lCitoimqsxnjmjmxz[\nzjt~[lWu|vLg lll
qssq%u|{Evt[\xz uHYYxBj@9 i} xByklju|xzyr|lo" fhg ljmz{ywl;uEvmi|l;~xp6xz\\xp9uslClousBx C/ Bs j

i[\tus{[~ vtg l xzvsu|g u|i}[vvtlo[\xzjHu%P W@d~|@it{it[\usz[~uvtlu|jm sz[~u{ ykxloxzn u|y i} [\xz{ u{l; z\ d[i}lvt{jm[~u{sl;s vt [\xz[\u6 u{iYp lCzgjtvtllo[\jmxzjml u-l;BB[\P[~i |l;l;~qLxxBp`|it3[vml;[~snBll+{jmusxzllCy
m

^ b @^ b

v g l;itl3qsjmxzqLlojtvt[\l;i;xzjmloxnBlojv g l3q|xEi}[~vt[\nzllo{us[~vtl;usl;imixz lou|i}sjml;iv g lqLxBit[vm[~nBl


EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj
@x{{{ W|itit[\zuH@u{xBy)[~l;\{ibu{ xBjtjmlovm[~xBu+ssu|vt[\xzu|i
vs gi}[~l;yklbyklo|[u|usc i}}[vm[\sxzllu{{zus[\yk[~vtl;lo[\i}usu{vtl;itjm[\im[\xzisu{xzvt{[\xzzyu|~I{iIlvmx[~nn[\i}vMjmjm[[u{vtu{leol<u{v gxzykjml;ykvtzitjm[\{ovtqsl;[ijmi;xz |3vg sle[\z~[qsitvEq|yklCsyklojmu{[~lu{itvm[jtvm[~[~lCuziou{ v g fhlwog xzl{ykiqLq{v xzguslevt[\l;s|uE[~usv\[~[vvmxl


vogxzlu{s[xBvmjt[~xBjml;u{iti qLxzitu{lol<[\Yusl;3Wvt[\xzu{imBit[\ |zu*~1 jMu{Ysxkxzzyoo{xzjl;\H[\usl<vt[ix vio~W xz\ykxzzxBjtxGn iMl[ivmlou{olbv g loxBjtl;y


0|" Z1 
{Kkz Z  | s o~s3< smot to~ U  -G U{ G BG M s o~m

U

t; |-WY+lo{us[~vt[\xzuY[~u|l    [i

 '@T 7W




] ] ]

T

WT
W
= =

Z
_ Z
_ Z
_
xBj@jms[~vtjjm _ W qsjmxnY[\lC 2s

' ' '

fhslg {lusjmlCl;"i} vtjm[7vt[\xzvu v g [\ i+ jtlCBivmjt[[\ivm[~usxBlCu l;[\i+imimusjmxv+u{xBl;jv lCg itlWimjmxz=jmjmloxBj3vtv [\xzg ukl l{u{[ivmvmlo[~xBu{u+olvmxxLlq{ jtxB q|l;jt\[
e]



 I[iqLxBit[vm[~nBlbl{u{[vmlev g l;u    [iMqLxBit[vm[~nBlbl|us[vmlblonBlou


v g xz{ g w[\ulojtvmz[~uHjmloz[\xzu|iit[\u{l

|
2

] ] ]
T W;T W

Z
_ Z
_ _
Z

vitgqLlWl;fhvmxzgjmu|zlivmi}jm[\jtloz{qsu{jm[vt|l;[\xzit;louuEu{xzvolWvtn[\xxzM\u|[\q|i<xEzoi}x[\[~nzvtnl[\nzjmllo[\zsqsu{l~{[l@us[~zv[~vtu{l;phusl;oimxzi<ibjmjtpexl;b[\\\ovtxz|[\xzu{lCuwi}vtxBjmsyw{u{lvm[~vtu{[\\xzl;u{i}i;je|Mp g ug loq{uszu{j}vmxBvm[\u{o[~xBsit[\u{\ziwl;jjtv[\u{usg l
' ' '

l;qLnzxBl;itu[~vt[\yknzllv g loxY{{usi[~vtlWxBjsnu{z~[vts[\xzu{vm[~i@u{jmq|lxEBi}[~[~nBvt[\lonzuHlEHl|us [g vmxYlouslouYlCitLi;loU jm ;uYBw/ su{.{;zyk9 louEvm z|jml;its~vmixzu



YM M@@ } }
[~yk|x;Yvtml;[\\xziu PxzxjMty3v Lg zlouY[\wj {u{usvm[~vts\lj [\qsykq \g lol; u{usitxz[~xBuyku{l;[~ykusIxzqLu[xziEjtvml;vmjti}[\vtsuE[\v<y3vmjm[~xBxzvmu{\[~lxBiuk[\xBiWzju{iti}[~kykl;nz[\qsulo\jlzlojmLlov jmu{g l;olozlbitxzzjmu|jtlbiol i}[\jtfhyklCzg qsitl3\xzlzu{i}YqLzsl;u{~ l
E>F -N1K/K BJ G L K

v g l<ykxlo[ibitq|lC[~{l;HYloYqLl;vmvt[\xzu{iezu{*oxnjm[\zu{lCio
CL9"
W|itit[\zu3jmzu{xBy_|lo3[\ihjmzu{xzy_{l;\+p g lojmlz~|v g l{us[~vtlo
szuY[~yk+lo u|g i}xz[\xz[u{lWzxz s[\i}vtjmu{[~{ vt [\xzu{ Wi;W @zjtlys~vt[\nzjt[vmlusxBjty3[ivmjt[\svm[~xBu{ixBj
X 'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\

vmo[~xzxBu{u{sie[~[vmu{[~ou|xBl@u{*iyoxsznvmz/ [~jtnM[zzjtu|u{[ l;vmi;l@ Ezus[ v@9xBjtity3'g &xzLslCi;i[ ivmvtfhjtx3[\g si}lbqLlvml;[~oxBqL[u{l; ivzjtvml [~xBhukxzyk;u|qs u3\lLvmlol@\w jmitsqL[~[\l;vtuHj[~it{jm{lC[~\ g Y gxEphloi}l;q|kulCzv {g vmvv
i _ ]

v|g uslk[vmlx n[\ywjm[\l;zu{u{it[~lxBu{s%u{svm[\[~i}xBvtujm[~{y{vt[\ixzvu{|i;lwqLxBit[vm[~nBllo{us[~vtlvtxHlou{itsjmlv g ll[ivmlou{olxz\


q|z~jtivt vm[u*xYsv gg l@zji}vtxzxB[u~@\xqsv peg jmxzl[~u{qLwloxjtitnvtl;z[\l;jtvtih[[\xzxzu{u{Ioi3lWv Wg sl<zu{{vtit[[\imitxz[u{u+imxzi}j[\Mxzu*u|jm[\xzziyru{xxz||yloi}"lC{l;v xz\g "u+l<v jtYg lC[~lWiu|veloxlYqLv vl;g gl;vm[itielvtq{[\sxzzlu*q|vtl;l;zjejtu{yk[\*ib[\us[~[~uu l
y3zuE7+l jtlCi}pqLzl;jtlvmibv gki}vHvt{v g *lxsMu{Wvt[\{xzimu{i}i[uHj  u{+xBu{y {lo s i;  x usxvHsus[%B{ lo\$i}qLl;o[

ju|xzy|lo"$sxBj3[~u{i}vmzu{Al zz\xzy ;/ 9 q 99w[ito{imiwv g l =.o

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


 Ilvtvtl;jbbsj g zy3i}l;u
 @x{{{
.[tlouEvm[\; [~Lu*lxzq|uslClv[\ywvt[\xzl;u{u*it[~xBu{uIoxvn[ijmqL[\zxBu{imi}lh[\s\slbu|vmxvt[\itxzq|u*lCs[~vv g Wl@v|pitxit[\jmzzu3u{jmzxBu{yxB{yl;\{{il;\L+l gpe[vnBg l
vmxvmz~\+[,+.lojmlouEv;
 : ;`< Z o$ E/ 
fhg l<ys~vt[\usxzjmy3"qsjmxz{zs[\~[ vlou|i}[~vt[\l;ie[\uYnzxB~nBl;+zjtl
z 9
'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\ _ W 6| :] Agx
_ Iy loq r
7
< _ <
d d 5
r
d 

p g l;jt l < h_ z jtlWv g l<lo\ loyklouEvm ihxzv g l_ xWnWz jt [u{ o l@y3Hvmjmjtl[~"v g lHlq|lCvvt[\xzu|iozu{

] T ] 7W

v g li}$l %Eslou{ykolWykxl vtjm  _ xzWu| [vm [~xB u  u|B 9 h jm_l %EWs[\jtlC ihv g y3vBl;iti[\yussx3~vmz,[ us+Llol;xBjtl;{u{ibqLlBlosjm[y lz vvm[~xBux
h
f g w
l }
i Y


s
] ]

z 9 _ W 6 _ '
Y \

z
oe
'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\ l]
oe
l]

_ W  _ '
r: r:
noY n \

z
eo
noY [ [ [ n \ p p+] p
ee
p*]

f xY x i}l;Wle v g [\i xzfhu|i}g [lloq|jl;Wjtyq|l;jtvmyvt[\xzvmu vt[\xxz u3< y3Lvml;jto[~xz yk l;i; l{< u{l; it{ < g v g  v M WWW 6
r: r@

g g i

_ W 6 fhg l oxzjmjtlCi}qLxzu|[~u{0q|l;jtyvmvt[\xzu$xz _ WW ykxBsuEvmi+vtx{


wi _ :]

p g [ g .[\ykqs~z[\l;u{i% v _ g v   _  _  ~Y[~[u|_ lzl  lovtlo_jm_ yk [~u| uEvm i{usjm[g vlsjmu{ g [~vhzusxzz\lC~WxpbYiv qLg lojmv ys vm9vm [~xBu{i;
;p ;p+] ]
r

xBjtl;xnzl;j i}[\uswv [ieB[~nBl;i


1
r r r r
(
r
>

z\ 9 _ < _  <


r
< d d  < .  d .
r
d

< d   _   <
r
d
< d
r
_ < d
h[f i3g {iIi}x v g sl`u{%E {g BzusjmzlCvt0[YPxzjmyit[~y[\uks~v vmg lbu{loloxz|q|ixBusqLlolouEjmvyxs vm zvm[~ xB9u xz <<  u{ <  W _ < Y[\u{o l
d
r
d

Lxv g {zu{ < hzjtlW[\uEnzjt[uEvhsu{l;jbq|l;jtyvmvt[\xzu{i; _



]


'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\ _ W l
]/| noY[ [ [ n \ lp _ W lp+]6
lou{fholzg lv g xzlyki}q{Yykvt[\yks[\l~vm[ vjt<+oxzxzu|u{s[[vmvm[~[~xBxBu u Bz "jm[l ieEits[\jtvtlC[ii.{v lCg " vv g l 1 [~ykl;u{i}[\xzu|ysvm[
9

usit[xBv.jty3 z5 ykzjtB[~u|\Bl;u{i}[~vk[\ixBvmz[~uslCkjmxzyv g l [~ykl;u{i}[\xzu|Lys~vt[\usxzjmy3Llou


%
i
ixd

_ WW _ 6'


'YZ [ [ [ Z 7\q Y _ WW _ l]r R 'YwZ [ [ [ Z 7\q Y Z 7\ :] r :] :]

fhg [Yihx3[ibzk;ixBvjmu{[\suszjmvt*8x jm~Wl;itxzs\ykvhxzxBzjexBjtyxGns~iMvt[\lusxz[jmiy3vmlou{ol[vi}gvtjml;[~xzsjmslovtyr[\xzu{v gi;lW{imi}[u*jmzu{xBy{lo


r@

[fhig qslejtxBxBq|usl;\jt\jt3lCivmljt|[usvml;[~xB+uqs[jtiIxvnYg [lol;jmlxBv jtg ll v g v _ I [\iWq| xE i}[~6vt@[\nzilb[\uYnzlo{xz\usnz[~lCvtlB fhjml@g {piIlov\"g lely3|usl;xB"j



'Y
Z [ [ [ Z 7\ l]

g z~\lou{zl[\ihvmx3i}qLl;o[Hnz~[xnjm[\zu{lsu{vt[\xzu
EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj
@x{{{ W|itit[\zuH@u{xBy)[~l;\{ibu{ xBjtjmlovm[~xBu+ssu|vt[\xzu|i
itit[\[~vtus[\zl;@sikx{vmjlBi}ovlCxg PnvxBjm[\uPzq|u{xEv gi}l[~lvt[\y3nz lgvtojmj[ozl;vti lo <jm[lii}{vm\[~[\u{[g vmvMl su{g xvmn[~usxBzBujtl[xz[\u{ik.ovusl*g lCley3lCyitimvtsjm[\jmvmoz[~l;u{ i xzjm8yklol zsjmqsljmq|xzj{xEzit[sits[~ [\{~~W[~vlBl;6uEv sl;xBuj
<

7[\sY ;Esq{q%| EB xBjlovm[\io+iWv g l3qsjtxBq|l;j}vm[~lCi<usl;l;lC z|xnBl3jmlw{u


g usBl;"~WxB~ykxzBxzjmxnG il[\i}vtl;u{lv g loxBjtl;y)ivm[~\%zqsqs\[~lCio


JJ _Y| K

nBu+lojmv [gL[oihvmi}[~lCxBuvm[~xBxu3Iq|v gxElWi}[~vt[\nzzlimixlo%{usqL[~xBvtiml;i}us[\sl;im\liohox nzitjtY[ywu|yklhlovtjms u{ [\vtu[\xzvu{g il[ipjtlClCiHvmjti}[l;vmu{l;i}k1l vmx[\i@it[~ykl{qsu{\[l;


E>F

Yoxz0jmjt[\l;uY\nvtjm[\xz[\zuu{{lHu{xvm[~xBu{xziWj jml[\ uEnu{z jt[uEv{{u{u{lolojjvmitjmxzzyku{l*i}vtjvm[~xBu{u{i}ixzjmu{y3vm[\it[~xBxu5vmjthxBlzqs [\{MixBvjtjmvmlo[~xBu{vm[~xBjmu


{u{f vmx[~xBsu{lib{usjmllWb[~uYitnEykjm[ykuElvmvjt{u{v g loljbq{vtzjjmzu{ykit\lvtvtl;[\xzju{itq{ihzzou{l|+=jmxyv|vmi[~vxBq|u{xEioit itl;imi%olojtvm[\uqsjmxzqLlojtvt[\l;i;


{itsxzj3vmjm[\u{Bi}vmvm[~xBu|uElziu{vkvm[[~i}xBxzu{vtjmxzjm[qYv jmjml l %E%Ess[\[\jtjtlClCiiv gq{jtxBv q|l;jt\y{i}lov3{us|lClo~xE[ii}vlC0u{osleu|slou{jBvt[\sxzu[~vt[\[\u xzu Mu{Yx
jmxzy g lojmxzu*v g l<q{jyklvmlojeitq{zoly{i}vhLl<jml;i}vtjm[\vtl;+vtx g nzlWlojtvmz[~uHqsjmxzqLlojtvt[\l;i;
 #5 C;|Y
itits.yk l<v g fh`v g 9l<xB[i@EnY [\xz {.imlo<zUyks9 qs~lW[ -inzlC vtxB jbi}q|z1l 9i}{ g v g v  9[\ykqs\[~lCiev g v
CL9" : C;|Y $  ;oz8 viY|3 us[vml [\ywjl;u{u{it[~xBxBu{y.{lo[ivmjt[[\si vm[~xB u{h i
zUjtlW.[\uYnkzjtt[LuEzves u{slojb~wjms[~vtsjWjmkUvtjoIu{itosvto[\ xzu|ioY[U lB ~
[ 

\
L

[
z\z1 X 'Y v Z 0Z 7\ v _ W 6
:] X 'Y=Z [ [ [ Z 7\ _ W 6 xzjb\ .
l]

CL9" K# C;|Y $  33  $E3 $' jmzu{xzy{l;\P[\ik h


U.mLB o~+{MBoso

z\C9 u|  }

p {g u{lojmvml [~xBu [\ie ;\ ~lC[*i.v g l i}l;Uq{Ljvm[~ xBuhnBl;vtxzjCG fh ng mloxztjmojt~lCUi}qLxz u|[~u{G Uoxn z jt[u|l xBjtjmlovm[~xBu
d 

vitg[leu Yxzvmjmq{zq|vmu{xE[~xBi}u{xB[~vtylhjm[~[v{iIlous[\xsuviv usgitlCxllCi}usvtitxjmim[jmv[[~i\itvmlo[~u|u|vtjmi}slvtlz[\[~xzyk u fhqspeg\[~lhlC[\~ivpi}|vmxl3vtoy3[\xzxzu{u{Bsz[l3jtvm[~[~v[~xBu u{[~iMvug v lkjmg lhlxzl pe\%E~x[\spe[\lhn[\zusit~lo|l;u{uEitvlzbxBxp jvmgl3Wl;vjtg lC{zi}vi
5

lBi}vm |vt' @[\xzuYu{*Bzjt~i}xB<vmy jvm[~u|xBCu{/ xz/jmy9 {l;x\nsu|ziM jt[zjtu{lzousolby3z~s\l;ju| zvtsl[\xzku;m9 yBzo{ Liv g YhnzmlWLxzBu|i2 vuEveo~nz jtY[u|i}xBl<yki}lxwzv g vg v xBjmi;

} | y }

vfh{g g u{l[\ikovmx[~ykxBnu{l;iMjmz[\u{zxBiu{jv i}lWg vmsvkvm[~u|xBv u{g vtl[\xzjmuvtjvtpelo[u{uEv vmsg [~xzxzxBy-u v{;~xYl;uP\xE{i}i[\LusglH3BiMzxl;~lCus{zloitwjl;Pvm\xW[~vxzzv u0g l@vfhg og lxzlu{l$oxBlo%Bjtq{jmvlo[~nvm\lo[~xBu|u=lsxzu{Mv vtg [\xzlu vpxzx j
|i}vmi}lCvt[\xzYu{zjti}+xBywjmzlwu{xzyv g xz|jloibsp i g louzzjml\xzl;yjtjm[\Cus/ 39 vtx+v g lki}vt{xzMv g lvpx3m{jtivWo~ykUxzyklouEsvmix

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj
$ Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{
#5  @;|o"!n


[vm\$usx++vtjxBqLu{xBu{i}itit[[~\vt[\l;vtnzj@[\lxzuksul[\uE{l;nusnzzlo[~vtjtul;[usykuEl;vimxzijmol<xz[\ijmjmjtl;l;i}xB\vtywjmvt[\[\q{xzvt~u[l;osvtou{l;\Bvmitlo[~ibxBnzxul;Mu[ijmzxzi}u{vtj[\~vxB.g y l;ito{lxzl;yk\ssqsu{i@\lq|vtw[\xExzitu{siti;u{l;imitvmfh[~[~usxBg ku+[\ivitpx\l;x3nzBl;sykjtib[~xz{Ejmli


itYyw@ykimloitvtsjmyk[~lCl@ioMv g exzv vm vm[~[\xBiuHzyku{HlovtjtjmWl[\{l;i}q|vtz[\xzlBuHz[~v uYg nvjm[\[i;u{$olz[i~[\usl;zjitq{Blbpe[~v g qsjmxzqLlojm~
lo {usl %ElC*s[\qsqL[i}l;vmHu|pelW[v gykvl;gzlitsjml{xB\jh[\susl;xzjmuHyrus{xBjtity{ \~slousxzvtl;  6vEq{[\;"lszywq{~l[\i 8

 -
y
_ y

CL6 }@ ;|o" !+s" 3U &ivvm[~xBu{jmju{sxzy |lo [\izu
oe

xBouHUt[i}Lvmu|mlLB\xzu{ lzY[lz\ [\u0v g lHpe[\litlou{it$l [v g lxnjm[u{olksu{vm[~xBu sloqLlou{si


 |
pzu g l;jtl  fhg loxzjmjtlCi}qLxzu|[~u{+xnjm[u{ol oxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu+su{vm[~xBu[iWo\\l;

oUtL 8h  nto~U G U


vmz[~u{xB uP@i[\su u|xzv jvtg [\li}xzvmu|i}ivtvtjm[\[xz[iwu{v+zv g jtitlolu{jmititz[\/l ywu{q{pexz~[[\y \b[~v{|G lols[~ykvi<Bu{loxlzqL lou|[ifhsvmikg[~u{lxzu vtit[\[~xzB u=usit[LL[\uslozvp\u|l*loll;nu zxjt<[[\u [si}\xzv lzgvtjmlxzv qsgpe[l[l+[xziitvjmlojmu|lou{i}o9l l
5

vmLyk[~lnBlvl@vmpjt[loell;|u itusq{ [zvmolol;usu{i lC gitix p[\iloD [~nBu3log jCq{lojtu[\[\iMu{{u{it[\xz[\qsusu\+l@Uvtit3jm[~[~yknY[qs|U\lzI\>[\sM lCg loxYjmu[~louYusE|xB[\usjtl;<yjt qL[~xB u;itz[ vm9 [~ nB l@v g;lloz{nz9 usl; [~jtvt[~lo|u{;l;l;imvtzi[\\xziIxzuu3pexz[~Bv Ilog usqLvl;xBgjmitz[\[~i
qsjmxz{it~xl;yvtjmxz[~q{u[\itxzsyku{l<vt[\lxzvu{i@[\ jmlxBEnY[\xz{it\3i}s.zimihxIivvm[~xB u{jmks u{vt[\xzu{i;
#5
 C{;" !IH+s eZ  


y3fhu{g i}lvtuYlC{zitz{qsxzqs.\[\ykv;glvtl+vm[\jtxz[u|{ii}q{[\it[\Bxsvtl;lWjmxzu=q{xB[\u{u{xzi}[jmxByjtl;jmjtlolCvtx3vm[\lo[~inxBxzu<\{sxBu{vmsl+jmvtit[\xzl [u{i viI xBu{uopel;v [i;vg g [\iv itg ywq{l<BxBjtlhl3{oBjm~[lolusvml;l;xzjmuzjml;usi}usvtxBjmxBjt[\yjty vtI[\nz xlBu
v g lWxzjmy
z\;9 e R s

[iIq|xEitit[\s~wlB xBfhjbg leuYyk vtjm[ y{ivMLleq|xEi}[~vt[\nzleitloyk[~lo{us[~vtl [ lz 'vmx<lou{itsjml


s @ s

vmxB[~u xBu [\sihCu{v gLvtjm6[\xzxzsu xBg4 u w usxBu C[i*{;{zu " \[!Il;|Hzou+z|usUCtxBmh jt.y  sxz;Lv Bg tlWo?~xzUjmy C Lz> \G; 9U i}vm[~vt[\[xzvu{izjtloqLlou{xzsjmjmlolou{ol
e

v g [\ie@itxz[\jmusy)vg jmlWlWxYus;xzojmBy i}[\xz Bu{~zC~9 \3zo[\znz~l;\l;i lo\o~[\q{ |itxzo[sB"|itYywyktolo~vtjmkitxkxzGjmjmUlo{vt[\xz uk{u{vm[~xBu{ix


3Y{h  

B { @. .th skCz{wko{oeUtUoLh U{tmm.UtKo~Uotw\KU}zGZU|G U }3 os %{.kUK{z YZ |UK


|  =

k
s v

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i z

t; [iitYykywlovtjm[\u{+q|xEi}[~vt[\nzlWlo{us[~vtlWsu{[%EslWia%E{zjtljtxYxzv _ ay l[ivi
j[wlv@U";Y{Eq%sY$ fhg l;u
s s '



T y 
d W
]

T d s d 7W
Z
' _ _
Z
'

_ Iy _ Iy

]


> T d  s 7 WT s 7 d 7Wo


Z
' _

T d d W


Z
' _

]


y .
Tw d W
Z
_

yfhg {[\i}@ihvbx[|ip6l<nzoqLxz~xB[u{+itit[vm[\sxz[~nBjelol<jewuYl3q|{xEu{g i}[vm[~xzvtlz[[\nzll<xit loyk [ lo_ {usW[~vtlWy3 vtjmu{[~ _ fh g Wlo u _ Ii}y x [ihusxz vb sus[ %B {lo\
'

i e] ] T y d W

jml;sxYjmlzx{~vbus[ olCxzlCHv sgai %El<v@{uszxzjtluszlo\jt;u{xYloloxzjmjvhxw\[\l;,[u;[~Bl;v lo+g uYlIin%Eo{\sl;jm{ihl\xzjtxYvt[\xv xzgvhuHlxyk itq|zlCzlC;vtihjuHusx|l<l;,[o+Lxzlol;yk{jtl;usq|u{l;xE*i}l<[~vtYlo[\3xzu%ovmlozqY@ve[~usitv [~wusg kv gvev l<gv g [ai ibl%E{zuYzl;sujt\l
s s '

>

itoq{xzuB|l3usl;x* vtx33pe[~it\s{u{itxlvvexxBUuE>vtMjm[~ssvtlitxv g vv g lvtju{i}xzjmykl; xYxzj[\u{vml;i pe[~\Ll


s

 #5 : ;|  5 B; 


fit[ploxjml;yk"xzjmlwitYywyklovtjm[~lCi |xzv g i}s.zimitl;ixhivvt[\xzu|jmi}Yykyklvtjm pe[\\LlxBu
5 *

vm[~xBu CLxz9Au " [i !I 3' o> stzBo{~ h [ CLB ?U;|3 hfhg l&xzjmjmlovt[\xzu su{
}
D

| _ _
}
fhg lxzjmjmlovt[\xzu+su{vt[\xzu xzu > [i {U + {tB~ [~
ee

_ _ p g lojml
pzu{g lojm l _ W  u| [i%eoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzusu{vt[\xzu<xzu xB5j > W
ee

7 

itoloxzq|uEvtlojYvtvmlCi;kElBjm|lxzYsyywzywvlogvtq{l;l~xzlCnBjmiloxzzjt\xzvtjt[l@zoBxzzLsp u{g[\yw*l;jtl;[\l@u+u{vtitz[\[~ykxBl;uxzl\ xz[Bi i} l;p q{g  l;jjt|l@vml; v "g l v p x' vtl; jmzY|Lxz js[~[~ykuH loi}u|q{ i}B[\xzlou{ihvm[~zykjtll
f Y
s
q
[ o

L
_

Y|1  " :
 L{ w < m9om  <8 t_o~ U_ o  * m tLo~U  o_ U
w ' '


ee

[ietqL;xBit [vm[~ nBxzl<u{itl[\s{lou{j[vmv l<g xzl u s lozl;itus[~lou|jl vm/l |su{vt[\xzu ` @xBu fhg [isu{vt[\xzu

C

} }

] ]


2
dh
* } dh




' _
Z
' _ Z

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
Y[~u|l qLxBit[~vt[\nzlsl{us[~vtlxzu v[ixzYnY[~xB{it~ki}xwoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzuwsu{vt[\xzu+xBu
fhg {i;"xBjtjmlovm[~xBusu{vt[\xzu{i @xzud jmlwoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzusu{vt[\xzu{ixBu
* +

vpxBg ug l;vu *v g {lus[~jmvtl;l3ssqsu{jmxsz{uBvhvWxz[\jtlCoxzvt[\jmxzjtu|l;\ixBvt[\uxzu>su|jml@vt[\[\xzzu|u{iWxzjmxzl;u" fh g zlojtxBlkjtl;yxz{jm~jmloq{vtjt[\v xzu [~\[Ksu{i}vmvm[~vtxBlCu i


*

CL6 C2 3[~s %s. 5E;$ xBjtjmlovm[~xBusu|vt[\xzu xz8u >[\i


o{zt|wko }
w

W xBjbuY8 > W M

_ WW W | _ W

vm[~xBzu{us}y3ib{Bjmj.l zjm%Ezl {uEzve;it9jYzyk{uEEvbywq{itloqEvtykjm+/ykhlxYEvml;jt/[ih u{ xvbxz[\ywjmlq{~*lv[\it[\x\vmibjtxzxBuqE3%E{{zv@j[i}xzuEvtvbjmitxzEqsyk[ykoxzlvmjmjtjt+l;\[\ihvt[\xzxBu+su{su{[\u


ed

#5# | I;;CLs$  s $Cs *s e 3 




[~Evbvlo{[\ievmus[~itxB[~vt[\u{yw[\xzq{ujm~[vlWxz<vmzx3u{xzW[\vu{[\imq{uHi}z[wj}vmu[\peojs[u|l<jjmxz[\zity)usxzvm{jtlxBloxqE"I us[\ywxB uqLxpxBi}vmitlolhnBvtloi[\xzvmjCjtYu{xBzusjtjtxB@kyjmjl;i}i}u{vmvtjms[\vtxz[\yrvtxz[\u{xzz{u{jtl;i*\xz{jmuioz vu{g lhxBqLy xBim{i}l;[\s\s\li




xzu|i}[lojbzu*[itxvtjmxzq{[\<W|itit[\zu+ju{sxzyr{l;\ pe[~v g qsjmxzqLlojtvt[\l;i


 u{ xn
p g l;jtl [ieuH[i}xzvtjmxzqs[Wxzjmjmlovt[\xzusu{vm[~xBu@lYv@xBu{i}[l;jv g l<ju{xByr{l;\
^ b ^ b

pzjtg l l;jtl b[i+jtlCnz~{l;su|vt[\xzu% fhg lwlqLl;vmvm[~xBuu|xnjm[u{olWsu{vm[~xBu


 zu{ xn 

[{U lBl;\Y v g lWusxBu ivvt[\xzu|jmnjm[u{ol[ihi}qLl;o[{lC+Y y bxp9xBu{i}[l;jv g lWjmzu{xzy


^ b ^ b


pzjtg l l;jtl h[ibkjtlCnz~slC*su{vm[~xBu fhg llqLl;vmvm[~xBuu{xnzjt[u{olsu{vm[~xBu

zu{ xn
v g loljmleWv g {limitl[\zqLu*l;jvu{vms[~xBxzu3y[\i{l;us\xz usi}vmvt[\xzu{zjtB fhg [i;uLl@loEvmlou{sl;wsjtv g l;j; xBu{i}[l;j
^ b ^ b


-o

png \sl;jtlCl su|zjtvtl[\xzu|Wioz {fhititg [luHlojmzq|u{lCvmxzyvt[\xznujm[\u|zs*~lCoihxn[~u|zjt[loqLu|lou{lslosuEu{vvmxz[~ xBu |jml u| bzjtlWjml;z



^ b ^ b

xn xn 
@^ b

Z
_^

b
o

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i ;
7xzv g v g l<loq|lCvmvt[\xzuu{*v g lxnjm[u{olbsu{vt[\xzu g Bih|lCxzykl<usxBu ivvt[\xzu|jmz

ykoxzxBjmjtjt l;l;x\xBnzyvtlo[\sjCxz|[\u<u{v g {vtlku{[\xz[u{i}vmxzi3[~xBvtujmxzxzW qsfhv [gg lCloi}xzllojmjtit[\l;[~i}yk\vtl;qsvtu{[\\xzlluloxE{vmu{lou{ vmit[~[[\xBiIxzu u{lou{i*;itsujmjmlHl;LxBlkEYjtnEl;[\qsfhxz|gzi}lo\lCxz jmlozYy\itx=B~q|Bu xEititusi}[\[sxit~xlB[~vtykejmxzqsq{\u{E[\
[\Wusz*{v img i}[luq|xEji}[~u|vt[\nzxzlwy_l{|louss[vmilousi}[\lCu{itoil@xz\M[~usv lCg lkjxxznysjm[[\u{u{ovmlW[~xBu{siu{xzvm[~WxBu{imfhit[\g zlwu3jmjmzzu{u{xzxzyy{nl;\jms[\ziWsz\jtl;li
zjtlWz{itit[uHjmzu{xzyrnzjt[s\l;i;
EMs } s} % E}b M@@ } }
xBu{it[\l;jhv g l w U3{L%tLB o~
E>F  K >  NL 7J K -Lk BJ G L K

Q UT _ W 6 . 'W
@zu{u[itx\vtjmxzjmq{xB[\imi yxsn~vtz[jt[[\ywu{ol;leu{it[~sxBu{u{vt[\xzju{u{i@sxzjmy9l[{i}xzlovtjmxz[\qsiI[lo{usl;wit{ g v g vIl;B g xBykq|xBuslouEv


j y

^ b

xn  
^ b

^ b

fhfhgg l[\i[\xinv zg jtl[u{\ykolWxByki}vvtvtjmjm[~[nY [|l Yyvtl;{u{i}i}v@[\xzLukljm3xzyqLxBxzit[jvm[~nB[\u{ljmlo{jus[~u|vtlxzy3y_vt{jmlo[Hsixzxzju \ 3[ivu{B~oxBl;y i;


;9 / qsq{Yh hYEz/ g zieykxzjmlWlv[\\i;slz {skitq|lCvmjmz"jtl;qsjtlCi}l;uEvmvm[~xBu

 @ C{;" !I+s" .YC{ e 3 


[v\fhuEg gvtlHjml@xnzl;l{|vtusxBlj[vm[~[\jtxBivtu3[~[|i}xxz"[vt[jmi}xzxzqsvt[\[jmjmxzl; qYvm [~xB{lou{itjml;iblwitxzxkusxB\v j=g yi}vbsxByk~l;vtB[l g [\jtyk|oloxzu{[~ykykit[~qLl;xBxzuBu{usvl;sjmuB{ vblo[jmsibl;iitu{spex~vbvm[\\i{[i}usxzjmxzvtljmvxzzqs[\x{[nzW l;ufh~g v gl@sxBxBsj l;g i


vxBg -j xzjmxzxz{u{ [~gu [ito{zitzit\[\xzxzy uxz u;Y[6 i}xzYvtjmqsxzq%qs{[W9 hnz+|lCvm xzje{l;\{i@itlo(l B~xBy ;/ 9 {qsqLEz$ Y9 z
v g lxYi<xBxzjmq{q|[\u{xEi}vtlCl;ievmzxjtl*Lyxv sg ~vt[\[u [~yk l;u{ i}[\xzu|ju{sxzy {l;\ tLB Y o- o~ u{

Q _ W u| .
T W
xzxzv jm9g lol<xjnznzl;lCu{j;s;vmxzvxzg yjl{nzvmlojmlCzHu{vtxB[i}vji}xzl;|jmyklovtxz[\xzuu{>i%x|[v ig [\lhitxvmxYjtxzxBjqs[\[\@u{[vmll;iqLl;i}xWvvmq{[~xBqsu{~[\ihl;i%vtu{x*v g xlnoxzjm[\ykzu{qLxzlCusil;zuBjtvli
[\ u{xBu{l;itq|[\l;u{l;j@l;uBuHvb[xzi}%xzvtvmjmjmxzzqsu{[i}jmvmz[~xBu{u{i;xzByjmxnzvlCvt[\vtxzxBu|jio{lou| jm@l { lCfhvtg [\l<xzu|loiq|xzlCv vmg lWvt[\oxzxYuxzjnzlC[~u|vmxzvtjelCyi|[~Au ivb L l
v[\uYg nljmx[\znuBzvejt[su|u{olloj@y3zjtvt{jm[[vm jmzjtjmxvvm[~xBu{i[~ykqs\Y[~usv g v@ fhg l<lo\loykl;uBviex
Q
1^Q b 

xn  s
^ b

yLl{i}i vg xxBpejtu+y v gzuveov gUl<tzLl;us lojitl;oLxzxBu{jt+yxzj[\ilojvtl;u{i}xBj;\~lC3v g l m6 G m { Ive;u


z\o
s

d
UT 'W s



y

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


;  Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{

pzsu{g u|l;jtvtl [\xzxzu|usio [\ u [\fhig v gl<lqsjt~WBxB~jmxBq|xzy l;usj}lCvm [~ClCzEihlo/ jxYvloqsg ~qvmlC{i}l< z1zu{+ jt l< i}vt{z[\u{l; Y8zjmzlw\xzvy pxH ;[\it9x/vm jtxB qsqs[qo{x9n/zhjtY[/u|B9l


{l;\Hb[ui [\Lykyw [lCi}xz[vtjmvtxzl<qs[xBW{i}it[\lou{jmonlvt[\xBxzjeu*[~u|[\ihivv g u{ov@l kit[~u{z\lWoxzykqLxzusl;uBvexzIzu*[i}xzvtjmxzqs[nzlCvtxBj


y
UT d 7W

y

l;q|l;u{siexBu+v g l[\jtlCvm[~xBu*xzv g lxYxzj[\u{vmll;i;


EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i $
  ` ` ^ dec ]^ `@^ > ` 

q{zjtjtl;lCxBxzzq|yki3l;j}l[\vykvm jt[q|oxxBzj}svqssjmuEu{xzvqLvmlo[~xBjtxBj+vtu{[\l;iHqsiMj[~zxzu "vtjm.[zou{s[~ykxzy loqsu|qs{i}\[\[loxzou{svmzi[~xB[iu{iW{ n\B[ivl;zzu6jtlCWitq{[~u{zool;~|u{i; [~u{fhg l;uYjtl Blojmxzl ykitlolovtnBjmlo[\;jx


jitsu|lCxzyrvi|lojmlsioxz su{ $km[\{u3@\loj { ;9 ms1 U |ju{y +l; v j g 9l<q{|jtlCxBzq||l;Lj}lvmvt[~lCvtihl;j x C / E/ @%ozt\it|x<oBxBuBv[\ u{biM\
wv


l;snz[\iml;u{imywit[~xBxBjtuwl<xBBuwlousv l;g jmlCzi}"levtvmjmxzl;qs[vtoykilosuEvbvxz[~vM[oiMxzy3uEvt[\uY[\uss~[~v*jtlC[iihvmjtxz[{vmu{l;vt[\ux<j@u|\loxzj y ;{Blo/ siMxBuss_ jIi}[\bxzuu


?

itlvibsjmlWsji}i}[\xzx3u xBitu{litvm[\i l;jtjmlCl us[\uxv i}xBsyw[\iml<{imloitvml;z9[~sY v zxzusuEy3vm[~uYjs[~zvl6 zCu{/ z [+.lojmlouEvm[\zs[~\[~v9zjtl


vm[ijtlCit\vm[~ l;g=vm~[\u vtitl;xz ykg usl*[\;slvmzit[~[\Uu{l3 uEqsvmjmloxzzqLjlojtvmvt[~xB[\l;u=i[\i}iw{g itxzisjm[~xzWl uE{vm [~uYyws[~l;v uEvtz[\xzu{us lC" [ +.fhlojmg lolHuEvm[\z[ims[~{\[~imvi}[\xzxu
vmjmoxl;xzzykv ~g[q{;lbBvts[\v u{xzsu{loijm ~zYc[~[\Yusvmx[iIqsLjm{lexzi}{lCzlvmsxlo[\jm;~[ ykovzw[~itusit[\lCxzq{u{BzY~le<\[|ivtususx<[l;vmil;levmjtlClC[~it"yki vl;fhgu{legi}[\loxzjmu|lolqLxBlosjtu|lB[zilovm[\u{u3jt[\osvlegxz[vmiu[~xBi}vu{lCg iIlhvti}[\sxWxzu|ukjmlv logl;jmjtlb~l;Y\u{[\l;usimli
q{u{jtxxBvm{vt[\sxz[\u{\[zv"jti}lCq|zzitxzu{lBifhuslCg llCititimEyjm3|xBp g lou* vtjml;xBvtj [\us 3 [\loi@jm{[\ni}lCvtH[\nzv lCg iojm xz{ g xBvbv g [\ii}lCvt[\xzuxBj
s} @
xBuE vt[\uE {[p vg l;xushsu| vt*[\xzu% ez[ni i%hqs jmxzqLlo jtvD @jmg lol;uvmil;vm{vmxeY[\v usg blxzsuYu{nBlovtjm[\zxzlou<u|LlIlo[\xuss@ehitlj%Esu{lou|xBy l
(F7E $N 

|n zlojt"[ s\xBl;i;uBvm[~uY@s[~iHvHv g [\ilojmjtl l;\vtjmlCl vt,[ x++Ll;v jtg l;lkuEvHxBvuEYnBqLlol;jmiHzl;xu{wlWxzxuYnBi}lol$jm%Bz{lou|lou{lol;i xBjH j u| xz y xnjjm[\u{zsxB\l;y i
P d f

vogxzlouEjmvtl[\uYsjm[~l<vpexBjt[~jm\sl;itLq|lbxBu{xBu{[\usi}[l;vjtElCqLl;ib{Bxi}lCoxzxBuYunzl;jtBlou{ol@xBjejmzu{xByr{losi; [UfhlBzg jmxBlouYlnzvloYjmq|zlCl;ieu{xl


pe[~v g q{jtxB{s[\\[v3xBus$l hzu{ 3 o{m  3"oEmG ` m " oEG m
CL  = I0|.C"Y  ?hs >3 1 xzu{it[lojb
=

[ H-ju{sxzy{lo g zi m{U{{Yob.~{EMk.tzB UL [\u




[~xBjelonzl;jt*i}$l %B{lou{ol xzjep g [\ g * kBi v g lou d f


jtxB c c /  B
^  d  i A xzjb\ . f b

[\[ H_jmzu{xzy{l;\ [\i  ket


xzjep g [ g - kzi ||v g{lou Y [\u [xzjlonzl;jtitl %Eslou|l
d f

jtxB c c /  B
^  d  i A xzjb\ . f b

[\[\[ H_jmzu{xzy{l;\ [\i k o{t8


xzjep g [ g d - kzi {U{v {g loYu [~u [~xzjlonzl;jtitl %Eslou|l
e
f

y  zi xBjb\ .
^  d  b f

q{q{jt~lexB{q{xBsv uEg[\vt\iI[[\vuEpeW{[~xzxzv {u{g ilzqsimjmusxzxyk|qs[\s\iml3[\~[xBq{vuE<vtv xz[\guEu{i<{lh[pevmz[~jtlC[~v lhi%g pexBqs[~ykv jtg xByw[\{uxBv{usg [~\\l[vpjtlog xzloxzusjm\jtll3lC<ykxBvmy3l;xWzu{B[\i<iu v g v vxzg uEl;vtjt[\uYlszxzjt|lBi%impe[~ywv g
u{Ux <xzbuE\vmykjmBxBi}[\vvtit[\sxzjtu lwg loxBjmuB/l vmY[~uYs~v [~g vxzsg xg pWlonzjml;l;j;zL~[ ;\~vtx[\pbxzu ig[zitiMoxzuE[imvt[\uYxzuEsvm[vm[~uY[~lCsi@[~vtpe[\bl;[~i;v .g~v[~u g slbqs jmxzfh{g z|losjm[\l~|[ v' [ i

x 54 &1 \


 c |Y c#@ &(
cN
,c`C& NZ
h#YY &Y6'#=cZ\Y
15Z+c |A " 5#=cD,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


$  Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
qsxB\j%l{q|u|v g[~u{xBuBvm[~[\uYimsxB[~vuEvt[\[\uEi{3[v<zjvIi}bvtjmq{xzzu{j}zvmlo[\oj@sqsjtj%xBq|qLl;xBj}itv[~*vt[\xzv ug u imz~ykxE[i iv;loitjmsx{jm%lonExz[uEvtl;[\uYuBsvm~[BvBitz@ywu
loq{zv gykiqs[\~iMleBxz[~nBlouwu[~u3\ykxBi}zvyki}qs{~jtlbl;~sw~B%xzuE u3vm[~uYzsl;usxBlo{jiMjUyku{l;xBzy-ukIi{%El;{\3jmpelh[~v xzg uEsvm[~[\uYimsxB[~vuBvm[~[uYiMsusxBxz{vi[~imykqsyk\[~qslC\ l
YoxzuEimvt[\uYyksqs[v\Blebq{v gykqsxB\luEvtq{[\uE{v g [vBxBuE@vtxz[\uEj{[xYv*lCiM[\iykkl;uj@iI%Ei}vt{jmxzjmu{lezloxBjuBvmxz[~uYu|s[~[vvm[~xB[\uykjtqsl;\~wY[\imus3ykxzqsu\leyq{{v gg
ykg xxzpjmllonBitloqLjCl;yk[~|l;u|l iIg %E{nY[~jmxBl<j@xzxBMuBv vmg [~uYlks[~vx+n[i@jm[u{usol;l<ol;simu{itzjtvt+[\xzuzu{{xzj<\ykWxBi}v{imi}i}[&3uo[~jl;uEu|v@xzxzyu|{[vml;[~\xBsu i
oxB~lCjwojhxz[~uEuHvt[\v uYg slxzi}{{iw{imi}$l yk%Esqslo\uEl+v;q{v g i; fhg lHywlCus[\us x \ykxBi}vwit' &[\louEv Ipe[\~hLl;xBykl
[~u|\~*usxvmlv g v {U{U33Lmzzo U
\[\y jmxz c c '  xBjbuY 
^  d   cb 

[[\usi<l [\%Eyw{q{z~~[\[ l;v. Yykl;zu Ii %E{jml3xBuBvm[~uYs[~vz fhg [\iWxB~\xpbi<[\jtlCvm~jtxBy g loYi g loGn i




jmxz 
^  d   cb `
1^  y y d  b

xzv g l;f jep[xjmzu{xzy{losi u{ zjtl3im[vmx|l oK ~o{ xzj os xzlCz g


^jmxz c | c eb xzjbzuE
sf spvex<v lg %El;s+[\nusl;\l;loHuEvusjxveu{uslCxBy lCitim{l;jm\[~{\3izLl;l<us[\lojl;uEvmlevt[o[\slouEzvti[ov zg slW{usxB[~~vt\lxpe[\[\ywuskl;u{lsit[~xByku{qs{\l<s[\i i}g vtjmx[~pb{i; vt[\xzu{i
szu{u{[xB jty) s[\ i}vtjm [~{vt[\ xzu xzxfhu{Iitg qL[xzvlo[\juB[iovvipv xg jl3fhqsu|g jtxBlxz{y-vp{|xk[~lo\[jvs u{i si} q{xzByr clk{ l;[iW\{v ibu{g l+jm slus s[~lvc{ [~usuElCvmp lojmg nzl;zi jtMl pe[ v g
!#"%$ &('*),+.-0/21 } } _
j =m

c |B xBjb\ zu{


xzj
}

 xv g lojmpe[\itl


3

fhg lW|us[vml[\ywl;u{it[~xBu{[i}vtjm[~ssvt[\xzu{ixBje|xzv g jmzu{xByr{losibzjtl[louEvt[oz


xBjb\n 2s' U- W
 xzv g l;jtpe[itlz
i
X Y Z [ [ [ Z \ _ W
] 3

xBjtl;xnzl;j;Bv g lWvpxkjmzu{xBy{losibzjtll %Es[\n\louEv;


^ jmxz U c
} ob

itiIxB[~%Eu|jk{vljmg lv lg olWimxzuEqsykvtjm[\xzluY{sjtzxzlCs|z[\ioit~[ xzMvu bl; ykLnzxl;l;j}v Bv2g i}g {lo jt\l;1l imzi xzu{ w i}[\uszzjt\llq|\xByk[~uExBvei}vk[\i it;slojmjmlox{\P> jmxBxzuE vt[\uE {xz{iksMu|P[~u{ykzl;~z\zu
^ b

jtxB c [iexzuEvm[~uYsxB{ih[~u  -
jmxz c [iexzuEvm[~uYsxB{ih[~u  
@^ } j em5b

^ } j em5b

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i
fhfhgg {vIi;[\i;v g lh{g usB[~vtiloxzuE[~ykvt[\l;uYu{si}xz[\|xzu|iimsyk[qsivm\jtl[\sq|vvmg[~xBi%u{pei[~v gxWusqsxzjmxzv{zlsvmlo[~\jm[~vyk[~usxBuslhlv g p lbg loxBjml;uEzvt[\i uE {[vg ziqsjtusxBxqvC
l;oj}xzvmuE[~vtlC[\iuYxs{[~vjm[ziu{usxzxzvy9lous{xBl;s\ g lonBvtloxu<slxBvtj%l;vjtgyk[\iI[\uszlb~ykxBxBuEi}vtv%[\uEvmjt{[\[nYv[\zBxlositzykykqsqs\~lzleq|{sv jtg v iog l;fhjtykg [xziMjmllzsitsykjmqslo\\l
zs\[\iti}xvtjm[~i {g xvtpb[\xziuv g~v vg xzv gslo jmg lv og lou [\j@Ll3xBuEvvtp[\uEx{nz[vlojitq{[~xBjtxBu{q|i l;g j}vm[~nYlC[~iuszjtvl<g l,[ +.imlojmyklouElkv;{ us[~vtl+s[~yklou|i}[\xzu{z 4

  !I' >*s e  


vm xBuklojtjmqslWl;i}j[~vzvev [\vtg ih[ojmukzl;YBv zi}g xBqslbu{qsqs\[\[\s;l;\lbvml;[~vmpexBxku{[\it[~iIl@ykoxzqLxzuExBuEvmitvt[~lWuY[\uYsBss[~v[v[~vtx[~[\.ykxzitu{qszz\yk"[\l;qs3xz~lhu|Yq{[vmzv[~~xBg yku{iMxEizijtxzvlu*itxzsv Yjmg nYlolW\[\xzj{u{itxB~suE<xzvtxz[\yuE{{{z[vl;jB\yks ihfhxBBjtg lh{lojm[\uljt
z+uEivtvlol;jt[~veu{Wv g olwxzuEvtxz[\u|uYsloxzqs|vbiximykqs\lq{v g i [\peuB[~vmv jtg xqs|jmxzl;{HzsY[\A~[ v @<xYxzxzus 1l ;fh g s[iI[\q%iIG uszxz9 vi}[[\ibykusqsl;~lBl;lC"i
$ ;9 xz/jmsy3q{q|s l9{us [~vt+[\xz uoxzxzu{jitoj[\s{u|lojhtxzBv ygl{lo xzu|silo[\qsivbxz[~usu{itxzyk[~u+l<lv\loj[\" ;xz9jsizvmBxYq g{z;i}vt[>7q{[\jt~x\[\uslCBititit~l;l;i;
[U lzsjloq{u{zsjmxzzyrs[~{\[~l;v*\{l;ihu{xzi}u {jt lCih_ v g v@{u{[vmlw[\yklou{it[\xzu{z[ivmjt[\svm[~xBu{i@slvtl;jtyk[\uslimykqs\l
q|xBu*v zg u+qslojtnBxBloq|jml;Yj}p vm[~g lCloibjmYl@Hl;jt$lu{%Bi}{l[~sjm[~u{v kv g vimykqsi}\sl|q{i}lovv g xzi%q|jmxEli}[~vt[\lxzvmu|loijmyk[\u [~us lC  Yfh*g v lWg lo[\loj@{nusz[~vt~s[\xzlCu i
xzxB.u itloq|_ itjvts[[\i~{[ vlC<i lso~{sl;iIju{xBy-{|l;B\siM~ it{ g zi z|xnBl/zWitloq{zjmzs~lju{xBy-{l;\
\$ itsq |$itsq
} }

pzuYg lojmq|l xB[~uEv<[\u _  z u{ [vxYlC iW_ usxu|v< uslCl;[imi immjm[~\{ |zol;~~xBus*Y[\u{vtxl  xz[~u{uBMvsszyw\lkq{i}~sl|i}\lo<vWoxzz u* L_ l
 (: 
65798

(:
65

vg xzl<jmjloloxq{u{nzzl;jmj;xBzyrs[~\jt{[~xBvl;H \ lo s \{l;8iv g lk3ywitx xEi vW\q{$ev peg [~xB\~%xBLzl[oimvtj[i}{u{l;HxBype[~v{g losqsi;jmxz{szsv<[\~[~[ vWvxY;lolCjmi<xivmxB[~\j
{j =m

_^ :b

u{itsxjmvWlo\z{zxBjmzuEuBvt[\vuE*{xzxz{uEi;vm[~uY@sloxBnz{l;ij}v img loyk\l;qsimi;\lv q{g lev git[~iBuslo[nBLloouu|v glxz{xLg itlovq|g ljjs[\u{~[svxzWy[\iM{Wlooxzu{[itil %Ezs~ykl;u{xBi}lv
xzv g lWvpxxB~\xpe[\uswi}vmvtl;ywl;uEvmi;

~o{t|<.zzK t~. z Yo~. W o s<tzo~C {~ . oK 6 

t3soosU. MbWo{omzUo~sot .z2 o~h| {o zZ .o<5 | }

fhitl g %Elsl;|u{jmi}lWvxziv%v vtg l;lykloluE{v<u{[\[ivm[~xBjmuxzy fh g {xYihxz [vb [;ie \{phLq%Y iBqL6 xBimi}z[\u{s\lv vmg x3li}lC[\y)xBu{i}l;q{[i<j+{yk[~\l;[vjtl3it{xB ug
vvmg[~xBu{vbi;jM u|u*v xzg ylW{xzl;\\\sxihpeL[~usl kg nz\ljjtlCu{zsitxzxzu{yzs{~l;k\sjmi@loBsjmlW\zBjitLitslvykpl;lo+l;u+vtxkvpLxkli}jml;sq{[vmjjmz{jtk~lB \xBitlq|xEi}[~
   Ys h 0L.;"Y

v[ig nzlW[\l;ywuxzqsq{v qL~g [\xBl;xBits[~vt Elg [\ykihv l;g \zl=ykuxBi}aii}%Ev&3{vmzojt[~jtsl;lluEvoxzxzouEjexzvtWu{[\uYs[~|vt[~vit[\Hxzit[\u|zi+u+xYlCjxBibjHu{ussoxzxzxzv@yuE[~vtyk[\{uYqslos\xzs|i;i*IxBywuBimvmlC[~ykuYuHsqsxB\ail {%Eib{q|zimjtv l@ykg i*oqsxz\BluE[~vtnBq{[\louYu6sv g[~v[~i;u
<;

vxBg ~lH\xuspel[\Yusv3wi}v lCg l;vtxz[\xzjmlou%y Ifhvbg lHyk[\zywzlCqLixzjtkvmzitu{[~ykl*qs\xl<@\[~ykus+lC|uPlovIi p%El;{loujml+ykl;xBuEuvt[\IiuE%B{|[v jml[ioxzxuEpevt[\[\uYuss[vvm*xv u{g l


v g lxBuEvt[\uE{[vxzv g lxnzjt[u{ol@{u{vm[~xBu
EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj
$ Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{
3Y{h  3 ||{Yo { +mLB \

e
^

3H| |{{tY| | { Y  WL+{ .hG|oU  
.
b

  .{U{{YWW o ;BLsUn   {<Woh


{t||{Yo >=

it lol< @sqs~jml;xYj xLCx/Lsv Bg Ylhq{jzi}vMi} vmvtl;ywl;uEvpe[~\sLlez[\nzlou%{xzjWqsjmxYx|xz|v g lezi}vMi}vmvtl;ywl;uEv


? A@ [m ;w q{ zj}vbxz %v g lW { jivb i}vm+vmoloxzyku{itlo[\uEsvelojxB ~\x pb i jtxB y %[ lz< { fhg l
^ ob V




1^ V eb

y
^  d  b d

Ii %E{jml oxz[\uEivt[\uYxzsuE[~vmv3[~uYsxzxB\{~xiopb%i;v g l;u=v g ljt[\ g v g u{=it[\slnus[i g B.i u{ ykl;zu



f

ykl;zfhuHg Ii l %E{xBusjm~l<[~xB @uBvmq|[~uYsjtv[~vjml%E[\yks[\qsjtlC~[\il;i{itlxzv g l | g E g pzj}vII[~usl$%E{\[vBititsyk[~u{


? A@

/ \[~y \[~y d

' %E{zjt[\uswz[\nzlCi
B 

\[\y y \[\y y


7

uEzvt{l;jm g g BusB g [~usphjtv avg blw[\~us[\ykl %E[{v<z~[u|vz|v g lw Ii %E {  jml xzu v gy lw\l v g  u{ y i}[ lwu{  qsy qss\{Yz[~u{[\nzl;iv g l
 

`

1^
eb

^

b 1^
b

\[\y \[~y y

vm\fh[~xzy g {[ ig [\usv $lg %Bl|i}vt \j[v [\ [\g iveus\x[~usvl< im  vmv [\bi}{i}lCxw kv gs ausve\ l;vimg il xB\[~jty l;xzx u{nz~l;j;[~ ks q{9 zj} v v g g lo uxB\{[\ykio qs ~ [\l; ie v g fhv g lbq|js\l
 B




? A@


-[\jml;vboxzu{itl %Esl;u{lWxv g lWv g loxBjtl;y)[io


0| .  1   - U.wt.z \ @3 H {t. ||{Y


{ .+| W mto~U  o ||{Y P
e

vm[~xB\yku{YiWxB[\u{i}vu{l*iti}'ol;&xq{nj[\jmlo[\uEszv\u{lvmxlCWioLB{{[~uEimvmitjs[\z[uEvmu [~vtxBl;ju l3u|itsxzxzuEzyvmB[~l;uYi}{svmloxBib{sv ig iimzvjtykl3ykqsl;s\zu{lu [ %Eq{Iis%El;v {~g i;jm i}lqLfhol;xzog [uElo|vtxBl;[\jtuY l;syY[v sloyY{qL|il;l;vW~vmxLp l


Bity3[~nBl;\ie v g lk[ieusu{lCitpl;l;imimj;ejmzzu zss[vm[~xBu{plCjml;i}vtjm[\vt[\xzuxzuv g lw|l g nY[~xBj@xz  exBj


 
0zZ E. 0|;|3 ?{ 0L.;"L   =!>A@s 3
LxBu*lsv u{i}g l;[q{ie[\uitjl;{vm~[~lBxB\louHj  ;lo9 p6szv g q{loqxz{jmlo|y3 EihEsjmYlWqsiqvG vtlCh +Bpe9 [~v g @xz~vejmqszjmu{xYxxBUyr{xBloi}vesixjmv lWg lWBitqsitjmsxYykxl;ih*vmjmxl
C

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i ;

0.010
[\z{jtl\z EDGFIHKJMLINIOAPRQTSN.UAV WYXZ [\S]GV%Z ^R_a`

b [\SPcPRHedfJgSh9dBQjiaHkhRHYNlP*mn[\LBHYoGSJqpsr,tuavuxwluIyzu
Upper bound

0.006

nNxd{vYt}|A~0DGFBHmn[\LIH<SJBU0QToqOAFBSocHYNocLIO2FPRFxnP
PRFBHOYLhRm}HYoOYSQ\NIOYQTdBHkNIOYHnPVft tttv~DGFBH
L I b b HkhqOYLBhRmHFxnopGt*FIHkhRHYnoPRFIH< SPcPRS
0.002

OkLBhRm}HsFInopvYt~
0.0

0.0 0.00002 0.00004


0.00006 0.00008 0.00010

Y| t.z\  { +o3 '


ok .3ok
 1  

{ 2'

1^%  ~xB y _cv d  b `


 0

sLow0hs+wt{.z b{/o~o { o M s 6 A ||{Yb.~<sYkM+.tzzo U




fhg [\ijml;itsv[\ihxzjmxz\jmvmxzlou{lojsv g loxBjtl;yE 7l;~Elon CEz/ MYl;l~l;j


;9szq{qsY$ EE9 IxBjbklojm[~nvt[\xzuHxv g l<jml;its~vez|xnBlz

v g loxB{jtxzl;j*y)W[iz{jtimxBi}[y)u @js~u{l;jsxz y&C/s|BloYsqi3/v g [\i+ jtlCi}{v*;u Lli g jmq|l;usl; fhg lxz\~xpe[\us


Y|1  
w
{Ym6Gm GU. { <ok| 2  Lkoo~kM 2 ' {U
Coth 3 Ym tLB

9 ^   y \xz _v d  b `

 <

6 so0{3tLBq o~ MIsh


+ M


m{U{{Yo@L\

{EM.tzB UHLC

{xzjbi}vmvt[\xzu{zjt+Wz{itit[uHjmzu{xzy|losibxBu{[~vt[\xzu s hi}[\ykqs~[ {lCio


0|" Z1 
 U. Y0mLB
U{{Y.t\UoL so <o3 {  Loo~H3M 0 

\xz _v
d `
 <

6 so0{3tLBq o~ MIsh


+ M


m{U{{Yo@L\

{EM.tzB UHLC

pezjt[~lev g fhloYgYvtl;usjmitxlolpeyku+loxB\u{oxzjmjm[~l;vtjt[\i}l;xzvt\jmu{[\ivt[\vtxz[\l;uwusit{los jmu{nz lxzvthu{[\xzitulo[pP lojIoxzgxBykxYjxEyk[~i}u|[\lousiuEv vmi;u{ ofhlhg <li}zLvm[\xznzvtsl;[\xzu{iu{{v zgi%jtlB[~[\nBusjmlozl u<u{%E{Yxzz y~[fhv g{loloxBokxzjtl;ykxzy 8u q{zs jt _l
vmx s  0m
j

 / ~xB y kIv
d `
  <

pxz g lo jml fhg lWB|szsjml<[~Bi sg jtxlpbsi~<v g i g vexpbv g ilv g xBljtjm|lol gvm[~nYxB[~uxBjesxu| vty[\xzu\xzy {iv@kIv zqsqsxBjmj@xBB ,[ +Lg l;kjtl;peuBvb[~v gnzo~sl;jtlCx i

  <

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


/ Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{
0 1

2.0
0.10
0.05
0.5
0.1

0.08
0.25

1.5
0.1
0.05
0

Upper bound

Upper bound
0.06
0.25

1.0
0.04
0.5

0.5
0.02
1
0.0

0.0
0.0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.00010 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

[\zsjml

DGFIHfJMLINIOAPRQTSN>Z [\S]GVqZ qg_a` b [\SPcPRHed(JgShfdQjiaHkhRHYNlPmn[\LIHYoSJ*pr,tzu0t~ t}ylu<t~\vu


t~ wyluxtz~ yzuBnNIdve|A~DGFIH9[THAJMP*x]LBhRH9Q\onn]NIQjIOenPRQ\SNSJqPRFIH9[\SeGHkh[\HkJP*OYShRNBHkh*SJqPRFIHhRQ\]FlP
x]LBhRH~

vitg~xBl+q|lBqL<xp u l;u{j g xz[\g gxzloqLjWl[~u=[~xzvykjg l;l+~u{lCituYi}i[\sxzykjtu|lCibl;ijmvmv jtg [vtl3xzvmj[~nBxz[~l3u|u||jm[xBvml;s[~zxBu{itul;si;i;Ll;o vxzu0yk[iqsl;jixz@lonBvt[loxBusl jyki}g l3xxBpjtqLll;xBnzimjti}lolC[\jCisvm\jtlv [gvmvm[xi[~nB;l g i}u=xY[\u{xBLoitlll

o@xz\ykitx3qsus\[\x;vmlWvtlCv g itv[~u{fholg l;v xzg jmlloyl;nzs~|wBvt[\[~xznBul;iex3Mvitg' &lxB[\lojtuEjmvbl;itsqLxzv@u{u{[\xusv@klousq|lClCl;imvmimvtjm[\xz+u{i@xB[\u{i[~vt[,[\&xzus~v;v


pej[\u{~IsitxzxEyrxBu{l;|\lw{iojm l;\[ol;Hv g vv g [ixzu|[vm[~xBu[izssu{szuEvt\*jml;i}vtjm[\vt[\nzl<xBjWz{itit[u


b

x p
B
x {
u t
i \
[
;
l b
j
B
x {
u
~
[ t
v \
[ z
x u s  fhg l<Lxzsu|[\ibzu*l;nzl;jtYp g l;jtl[~u|jml;zit[\uswsu{
vmv [~g xBu*v xz ivoxzjtvts[\us3kLl@v-jmolol;qsjtxkzol;v kY wzu{WHp gqsloqsjmjml xBBW [g i[\usitxzyk[\ulb{u{usxz[~vu* ol;vjtx -szve@jmsx[vtvml<jmzzjt\[\it\x

l;gity3u{xp$l\itxz"\uwxop xzu{xzv uEi}g vmvmlWz[~uYuEsv%xB[~~uEvlC<nBitloiqsjmvjmzg xzl;zqLu{u<lojtlhxzvtus[\vml;xlBi;p zfhfhjmg gs[{iii[ixBv g xzuBleYvm[~nYouY[~xzsxBu{[~{vki[~vtitx[\[~xzu{u|ov lig lWbjml; zxg ~n\z<usjm[\zyw[\lMzu{qLxzxBslbititlh;s@\u{l jml;gvmi}[~zvtxBi%jmu*[\us;vtxb[\xz[\u+'u u{LxBlzu

vg [\zlsnBjmlol@jtvt[oWzLi g imxozpb~ilv [\gihlbjmLsl [~g vtjnEjm[\wxzjMitxz[\u{ lW\xz uYkq|uKxE_cvi}[~Zvtx [\nzlWxzjsu|[3+.lo{jmuslo[~uEvtvl no\sl;u+i|xl< gxE@i}xl;uvtlb v fhg g lv
9 
r
<

{osB\sjmvtl;[\xzieuitsi zg Bxl;pbi}vibvv gg vevv v g g l[\iitxB~xB{q|i}l<l;jtxznvtv [\g xzlu g sxBjm\nzslCi;ie@ jmlW\xz[~u|us[vmulo_\v *Zx i}vtl;loqrv \sxz -yI;v ~ k

poxzg uE[vt [\g uYsxzqs{q{ihjtxEoxzzjm jtg l; \vt[\xzuzi {u{vm[~xBuHsnY[\xzfhg vmlo[~jmuslwxzv jmg lzl<h|[~v+xBs[iu{"\ykfhxBg i}{vi;[~ykqL|xBxBim\i}[\\s*\li}vmvtx=vtlB| u{
r
<  <    <

f

0L $YC%h  
UL{C{ Y m6 G m Y osmW{LBo om~{hUM{{ Y3{U{b{.~Y{ {EY + MU{LemzLz o U
I wv

vmqLjmxBimvti}fhl;[\i@sg \l3v lzg M\[\[~i;[Uyk lB[~vtfh[\usg [\u|{i@nusv [~gvt\slClwi}l [\ywy3xEiUv  [~u|@g \zvm{loijmvu{[\gusl3*vm[~nBykLloxzxB\{zi}u{MvWloxBY[u{ivtjmitxzlo[\ykl;vlkj [\|usll; gY nY[~xBj;{u{kit=[\usjm [~lB%EssjtB[\ljmil+sity3*i}[~vt\\\jm{[\Bivi

[\g usl nY%E[\{usz~[v{usxB[~vtj lWlojm[\{n%vtv[\nz[livitxl;nY[\l;;uEvMu*zjtxB~phy v g ilhL{lzLsxzjm{l;iu{v gl;+vYkxnqsjm[\jmzxzu{qLloljsg u{xz[vt[\lxzu{xi



v[iqLxBimit[~s\l3vmxnzl;jt[~v g l[\usl %E{z~[ v u{z~Evt[oz~\zbuPlsykqs\l3[~\\{i


vmjmvtl;iv g [io
 a 
 .$,U =(,31\*' ~W 7
& P7=Y .q,B,
, '0,( 7#=c'

AoMx
q Wc_a` Ao YTWc_a` 
q Wc_` ,l 7$AoM0  f eTWc_a` 
 e%Z 1I
AoMx 
q Wc_a`  # ,

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i
Bound

0.10
0.001

0.6
0.08

Upper bound
Upper bound

0.06

0.4
0.04

0.1

0.2
0.02

0.25

0.0
0.0

0.0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.00010 0 5*10^-7 10^-6 1.5*10^-6 2*10^-6

[\zsjml0 s [\z{jtl+s |

DGFBH(JMLINIOAPRQTSNUZ [TS]GV%Z g_` DGFIHHk b SNBHYNlPRQTn[OkShchRHY[TnPRQ\SN

b \[ SPcPRHedEJgShdBQjiaHkhRHYNlP{mn[TLBHYo{SJpKr,tzuGtz~ tyzu JMLINBOkPRQ\SN{Q\o b [\SPcPRHed{novI#HA b r6V |qJgShdQ\J


t~\vuGt~ wylu*t~ yluGnNxd>v|A~DGFIHmn[\LBHSJUQ\o JMHkhRHYNlPmn[\LIHkoSJ*r,t~ ttvu%t~\vu%t~ wy|A~DGFBH
OAFBSocHYNocLIO2F.PRFInPPRFIHOYLhRm}HYoOYSQ\NIOkQdHYNIOkH SLINIdQ\ofvetIZ [\S]V%Z q ~fDGFIHf SLINIdQ\oS
nP*Vtz tttzv~DGFIHL I b b HkhOYLBhRmHFxno*pt mzQ\SLBoc[jNBSP9oRnPRQ\o6IHedJgShsftz ttv~
FIHkhRHeno9PRFBH SPcPRSOYLBhRmHsFxnopv~

 xzu|i}[lojv g lb[itxvtjmxzq{[\lqLxzusl;uEvt[{oxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBu {/


loq
!#"%$ &'*),+-0/-

@ 

[\fhjmjtg l;lzsxzjmj jml; itq|xBu{$[\us f xkimloyku|i}qss\ljml<q{xBv uBg vmi3[~uYnsxBjm{=ieimjmxzyky8qs\itlykq|xYxv v g g ih[vbu{yz{~Eivtvb[oLzl<bnzl;v jt[~{lCv 9g v vtx
d `

9 lq ~xB _
`

r r

oxBjtj@|it[xzykq|lWxBq|[~xEuEi}v[~vt[[\i@nzvl g l  itu{q| l;l;Mxz[\jivbloq|usxzjtvtvtlsvjmg /l |vbjtLxBxy v g it[\sl;{ih nfhusg [lki g lojmv [\nvt[\nzls xzfhMgv g {li~v log lv
d 7d `  

gslojmu{[~ ni}vm[[~nBlwl[[\ii |us[vml_xBlojzq uY B@i}x p g [ 9g %o[izu|lhimv vt[i} {l;+WpxBg jl;zu uY it[~ykz<qss\WxBjYW g xExEi}v[\usg l

r
d

f


[ibi}it' blo&l;xzu*vtolW[~v l;g [~uBuvmv@~q{kz\j}zq|vmjt[\Bojtlsvt[ jsfhv g g jh{Lveixzv v sg g u{l<lb\o[\xz;ywyk[~uHv qs|\[\l<; nYvm[\l;wxzkzq{vm[\nzzl;lCj}HvieY[kiI+i}xzqLg j l;xYoxB[\zit.[~u{zkxzIjmky sjmitxz'xy& p [\log[~BuE[vmsvtl<\jt*l@usitsxzy3[ Wi}9l [~\~v

( P

\[~y j  E xxzv j g lojmpe[\it l


fhsxg peluxzv jmg jmll;itloq|sxBzu{vb[\nusz~sjl<u{xzs xzyxz{jbl;\p *g [\[ih gu{xv@xBuBxBvm[~uEuYvts[\uExB{{xzib{imihykvbqsz\l<uE3q{qLv xBg itib[~vtlo[\xzu[\i} vbfhusglolC{siibvtxkykqsxB[\jtu l
Al#


v g u%Es[~xYxB+vbqs\xvioMel;pejt[~vtl<[\usl$%B|\[v 9hBi

} lq ~xB _cv
{{xzxzjj 2v v g g l@[ie~lo[\iev zg \itxwu|3vtjmi}s[lz le [ixBxzu{Yit[\nY[\l;xzj{it~{us[~vtl@it[~u|le\xz zu{wlq I[iI{us[~vtlB
T d 7d
'WB   `

d

lq ~xB _cv y k \xz _v


T d 7d W   < d d   <

y
oeA

~xB _cv

d d
  <

y
eo

\xz _cv

d
d
eoR
YI
T  W

`

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


B Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
zY ~[\%|phu{{o{l\iz~[\qL y sxB$imi}[\v sj g \llvt\lxv{~u{xBg w zu{ - {it[\us[~lvt1l [\ihxzjH|itus[vtuYvm[l< iYxz_[\vjusbuYv g lh [~u{Blb%Ek{sqsj\jm[~xykvnYx[\spexBl;jM[~va \z{Bu{E[svmvt ll;zfhsg u-{iesCE[~v@s[\x i
YI
  
 <

{iml;yk\Hqspe\l[~v q|g v v g g iMl<ljmlq|oxBxzusuElovtuE[\uYvm[\szxz{ixzpejmjm[~lov g vtqs[\xzjmxzu+{zssu{[~\[~vtv[\<xzu{xziuslxBjbxzjM\[ i}xz vtjmxzqs[Wz {imi}[ujmzu{xzy


x

l;u{vmi[~xBfhv ukg g leleslou{xBuzvmyk[~l;xBqsu{vt~islejmzli jtg lbv xg itpb[\ywviWv[\g zj{vvmitimxit[Wykup qsj\g l[~u{vtq|slxzusv y g xzi[{i}lbl;jm\olesxzijmxzjtpel;uE[~\vmv [~g uYvt[\sxzxBxBuw{uBvmis[~uYlou{nzsl;xBvtuw[\{xzivug xBxfhsng jmg[[\izv i}u{g vtlbjmlloou{xzsjmu{v jtg lo
` 4

vm[~xBuHpe[\\"q|xEititl;imiexBuBvm[~uYsxB{ihitzykqs~l<q|v g io
%{ I
imxByku{qsi}[\lWl;q{j@v gWioz {fhititg [l;uHu<jv g u{lBxBityitx|[lovt lCB jm"BxB[~u l;uE v {l;\it itsyk lv {g [\iev rg zi,[ +Ll;jtl;uBvm[~u [\zs>\ l
$F I 5  K

lo{uslC*Y[~vmi mb{.| [\u zj}vml;it[\zuHoxExBjms[~u{vtlWi}i}vtl;y U s9 @ NY Q

 c c
6 c | ~[\y
d d

j

p[iIg l;xzjtykl yk xz[\iIu{~Bloq;vI\s~lCl;k zu{  [iMsus[~vnzl;vtxBju|[\uwv[iMg *l g Uvg jz[\vtjmlol;jm[ vmo[~l;xBWuYI. ;lozjmjxzo[\slojtuEUv {fhlog l



[oixzyk\[\usq|l;xBzusj;lo uEvfhig xl+ ykxzykjmlbl;suBvi}ixo{xzWUz8{ it[itY i[jtu3l;n\jvtu{l;=~ xBvty x{v l;g \l*{ioxzit[~jmu|jtlClei}qLv xzg u|l[~u{[,+.lojmyklouExzvtyk[lo|uExzvmiqLloxj vt xBj
Q

ititsykl v g lou
1^ eb
Q


^. b U

{sj}v g lojCszimitsyklv g vev g lxnzjt[u{ol@{u{vm[~xBuHxz [ihz[\nzl;u


 xn  ^ b

ykzku{l;xBzu+ykzimq|Ii it%BxBs|usyklolejmuEl@vev gx,[ +Lv l;jtl;[\ uBie vm k[\ zitsq{[\\ilzz oi}l[\fhynzg {lClouvvtExBusv jegl;xzll{o{itjt~u{xEkl;itHi} ,[ +LYx3l;njtvl;gjmuE[\lvtz[u{oxzslyk\l@qLs[\uxzu{us l;vt[\uBzxzvu{u*io | lozvvpg l;lovu [\i; zu{[\ i
Q

 | xn 
9 _^ ob  @ 3- W

fhg zlbjtol xnjm[\zu{lsu{vt[\xzu{iu{kjmxBimi}oxnzjt[u|lMsu|vt[\xzu|iM|lovpl;louoxzykq|xBuslouEviIx %

s  xn 
9  W
y

^ b


fhg ly3vtjm[ 0 [ikv xg Ml v g lxzykBjmqLBxzus[\l;louEuEvmvbi3{xzl;W\"= fitl;x*oxzitu{lol< v xzg jv lojk svm lou{bitxzu|j* u{ s [eiojmzl~\ol;xz jmjtv lCg lv

itfh[~h ykg lqs\s=lvm {zit[~3l+ie v oog zslu*oL llW{u{xz[{vm[~u{xBHu [~u 6 gjmz[\i}u{vm0zz|xEi}i l* ;v gBBvwY\qs[\ywq%[~svmBi3h zEu{9 0[\uEvtl;zjvt[\xzu0oxzykysvtlz
9_: " c B&  " 
=#= WZ
hI'e
,
, =( ? "  @;#=NZlc'=
, ,1 =( 
7 \ cc
" "  " cZ #IZ #=7  " $  " ,

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i 
   E 33EB s; "

z jtxBl<u{imit[\vm[\l;i}jb{vl;g" l Blousl;jmz%l;jt[\nvt[\nzlx Bititsyk[\us+it'&[\louEvjmloBs\zjt[~v*oxzu{s[vm[~xBu{i


( }t }t

u $x

Q M Y G
_ W }

poxg nlojmjml [\zu{ lCi xB_ jt yW g [~ g lojmjel xB jmusl;jxzusvtUlousu|l;i}BxBj vt[\nzl@g [\jmuE[\i}vtvml;zzzloxEjiiCu{zEYqs/q sB 9 fhg l<jmxBimi

> 

M
Z
0 u x  | xn u $x u x  ^ M

b


v

Y G Y

_ _

vmy7lo{u{i}itjmv@xzl;jCi}it vtjmvt[\s[ixzvt[\jkusi}vmvm[~xB u{jm zu{x njm[\z u{Ilkv g {lu{ovmxz[~ykxBu{qLioxzus[l;IuBlzvibxz  8 xBjty Mv g l*Mvtl;xBu{jmsitxzlojj


ee oe
%

  i   u x M
Z
i

0 u x  | 1 0 u v x
M
Z
d

g

}

ub v g xBlwywoqLzxzitu{l louEvmi;zlBU -|3 w{@v g lwxBywoxqLnxzzu{jtlo[uEu|vmiMlp vtg l;lou{u i}xBj@ [i{3xzyksjtqLv xBg it[~xzu{j<l;[\itjexvtvml;jtxBu{qEi}xBjjtlCoxzuE{vmozl;[~iIusv[\usg l

soxzloykzjmqslo\lClixz[~v"z jtl;l;xByvmxv g jtl;lz fhg {ioElqs\xz[~vt[\uswi}Yykyklvtjm[\l;i[ijm{[{xzjjml;s{[\us


$ {%} t
xBijty3xzihjbxzoIxzouExzvtuY[\uYnzsl;[jtvBklou{v g ololzjm l<jmls[ +.lojmlouEvhxzjmy3ixz,[ +.lojmlouEvt[s[\\[v|zitl;xBuHs[ +.lojmlouEv
(F I c M 7L 

CL   * Eh E.C' I Y P


?es >3 1 xzu{it[loj+ 

[ H_jmzu{xzy{l;\ 8g Bi  @ot|B\ko@L~WsYwMLmzzo UL [~u


[~xBjelonzl;jtitl %Esl;u{l xzjep g [ g - kBi v g lou

d f

jtxB 9  B i
3 W M .
^  d  f

[\[ H$ju|xzy_{lo [i  kIm k @oto{Uzo~ [\u


xzjep g [ g - kzi v g lou [~"xzjlonBlojmitl %Eslou|l
d

f

jtxB 9  B i >- W -

^  d  f b

[\[\[ H9jmzu{xBy{lo [\i 3 o{t @oto{Uzo~ [\u


xzjep g [ g - kzi v g lou [~%xBjl;nzl;jt3itl %Eslou|l
d
e 
f

^  y  zi U W M .
d  b f

vmxfh,[ +Lg l;l@jtl;uB[itvmo[\z{sitit[\~[\[ xzvuw+itxz[~yk\~xqspe\+[\usY jmllo{qsu{z[vmo[~[~xBu{u+ko\xzeuExvt[\uYsxB[~uBvvm[~uYYs+[~v,[ +Lxzl;"jtjml;zuBu{vm[\zxzsy [\~[ {vzlo sizqsqs\[~lCi


EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj
  Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{

Ys h H EhY.;'ZI

[iti[~ykiev gqsxz\j@l<vywjm[lovlC[ivtu[\xzHiIu+%Bus|vtlCxkjml;v limg imlxzjmuExvmn[~uYxzsjmu|[[~vzu{[vmo[~vxBlbg ulsu{itxB[~jBvtus[\xz[~,[ |u+Lol;zjtu{l;uBl<vm[\zxzsI\yklklCimuykqsia%E\l3{zq{jtl<v gi<[,+.zlou{jmlo uEvt[v[gsB[\\i<[v


0; ,

3Y{h  : \  M
{ L w @ot oU{Uzo~<W { Y U{e. {e|sW z o K sKo y  k h  {  ztk @ oo.to

{


B

H

t

L
z




 wv '

wv

Uzo~ s h G G U so+K o y 

e 

ju{sxzyrq{jt{xYxl;\W{[iiv zg [\lWnzl;v gu loxBYjt l;y) ji}[\yykqslo j \[{lCio% l;zs|lov}vtl;j ;/ YYq  9{xzjHivvt[\xzu|jm


'

2

0| 1  :
  W o  <s { =s|sz o3zosKo UUK . +y +mkLB  y o{~ BtP @o.t | B\M{ d m6{  K

>
' wv

s h   o <soHzK o o y y

 e 

vmfh[~xBg u{l;fhjtlogjm*lxzjmjuslWl;u|[Bv@xz[vtiey[\nzusllC{i}lolC[\zitimu v jmg klwxBywv og xlCniwv jmjt[\xBzyu{ lW su| vt[\xzu   xzv}vj@ z[\u{~ i@Uv g lw y3 W W [~ y syxz jhnv szg xz~l{jlitl;vxBi}vmu{
d w

d ' d } '




xBsjmjtv l;g jlojIl;i}jt[\u{[\nlvt[\nz\lCziMq{zvmxj}vml[\zB[ivCl;jt[\{nxzjvm[~[\nBitl;xi%vmjtzxBjtqsl[le%E{ xn\jm[~[\vz[u{i%l;lhusxz{{u{ g vm[~vtxBxu{ixBv u{g i}[i[itl;[~jyk qs\[~{ l;ilo nBloy u

'

g [\ g vloje[i<xzjxel;jhxBsslojjmi}[~lknqLvmxB[~nBiml;i}[\i;sU \l7+vmx[~u{sxB{uBvmvm[~uY[~xBsu lk i}{l;j}lv g Ylol;jvt[\[\u xzuv g [i\[\jml;xzjevm[~usxBxzu vmEvm [~xB"uxBu{ i}[l;jt[\us


'

0| 1  :  szot.z o~ M 8 h  3  o

L+ sY o3{oE*sLY o+BK UK o {zoK UK


wv

\ 9 
y
Y Y

_ _
|_ W

3 B o.{t {@o to{Uwzo~ 3 s h hsb s {  o cs o U3


ee oe
%

wv  


e 


GY

_
<soHzK o o \ 

eo

h
f g
[
i g w
y C
l
uslCitihxzv lxnzjt[u{olbsu|vt[\xzu% 
{
u %
i v g

v v g e
l t
i w
y Y
x z
x v g s
u C
l t
i 
i 
x
v g
l m
j z
{
u
z
x 9
y {
;
l \

\
[
i m
j o
l

m
v ;
l W
m
v @
x v g
l t
i k
y Y
x 
x v g
vm[~l;xBjtu$[\nivmvm{[~nBl[\l;[i [\u$Ms ykxzu{qsit\[lloj"xBu{lM ykxzjmlIv g llMq [\it xvmjtxBqsk[\pelo[~Yv gqLxz u{louEvt[zoxzjmjtl; \fhvt[\xzg ul{sju{i}v
!#"%$ &('*),+.-0/c


d
`


_ loq

d
r
d

itxwv g v

\z$
xz-j 
xzj -
df <
9|
xzj<

d
 `

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i /
jvmmfh[\l;zg o~{xz\kBi;"us[,v [;g +.lWlolojmvjmlkglouE[\vmi<v [\zHsqL~lxvt<l;xz[uEy3i@vt[itq|[\IuklCvtxz[xj<v g[\[,u+.lblov l;jmg jtloljuEvti}vm[l;[\eu{si}s\lWl3xzy3v itg zyk[\v@u3qsv [\~g ilkl<usq{vmxjmvzv gu{xziituE[vmvmxB[~[~xBjkuYu*s xBjm{xzioy fhv gg l@lsitq|wl;xzo@vtxzl;\u{itux

`

slojm[~nvm[~nBlW[\i
y y y Ylq






r
d 7d

[~u{ol Yloq Bi xBjbuY 6


d d d

~[\y j | xzxzj<j 6

df <
3
d


fh{xzg j [\iyk-l;ku|vieg v lg imvykv g qsl\lxzq|us\*v g qLi@xBimjmitl[~s[\\[v*vt[\ywxzlCjWi@yk,[ +LlCl;jtul;uBIi vm%B[\z|s\jmllitz[ yk+.loqsjm~loluEq{vm[\zv sg ~i@lB zjtf l x*nzl;-jt[~s

vl;gnz[l;i<uH[v<uYsyy{|il;v<jtLlCl3i g lojmx[~penuvt[\v nzg l;ievzjt\lW|xuss[ vmlzuY s yxzLu{loitjm[\sl;lojhv l;g jtl[\ni}l;vtjt[\[\nzl;lCihilox q{u{zitjt[\xzluHol;xzjtxHj u{p g lo\u
f


j $

b z y ]


d

y
d
a
ee
7d
]
i
]

xBvbitjt[yihxzY_ nY%[\ xz{loijmy [~vngk vt[\vbnzxl;k i%s{pe* [~uE\{y\pLp log jml;[\i" Hgjml;[\it3ilosjm;~[~vlonjm[\uxbvt[\@nzxzl;itj ihlojmpe[\l;[\i\xzss\v pg [~lyk[\ixz\zjmjtyjtlC\i}Ws~v veg lh[~ul;nzkloy itulojmuY[~slCiyb xzL %lovjmgl; l


eo

p g lojml j y fhg {i ouHLl[ +.lojmlouEvm[\vtl;HuYuYsy|l;jbjxvt[\_ykl;i; y




d



oe
4


 0zZ Y. 0LCL ?{ * E1 Y.C' >  =!>A@s 3
q|xB j,[ +Lv g l;xBijtjtl;jmzuBlojtvml[\zvms[~xzxB\uEluvm[~ituYszsu{ywxBq{vt{[\~ioxzl u{q{i<fhgxzv |g ioi3v "g ykl3q{lCzqsj~u{zYiw[\us[\v lo g uEvfhv3g{v lolog xzsljmiWloq{y B[~jtnBvtl;[kiWei}xBjW&3l;sjto[\kn[~l;vmuEvmxv<[~nBv ol;g xziklu{xsB[jmvmBv [~xBg u{l[\loiouEimvbyk{l;qsl;u\\ l
C

l;g jm[~zg~[ lo;jevtxB[\xzjmul;vtjex q{gjt[\vt[g l;"j<xzl;jjt[\nloj<vm[~nBl;l;jtih[\nx vt[\nzlCziu{[\i<i}vtj [\ g vxzjmpzjmn i}[\ykqs~ xzu|i}[lojv g l

e{b Bs} Y ss <

jm${l;xzitjWss~yk\vm|ixzzxzjm;lu+xBv sglouEvmlvzv[~xpixixzvm{uxj vi}g gvz[yki@i}vtxz[{hyku{[~l;uEsuBvmlovykizjl;xuBvmv[~xBuki}q|itpesvt[~\[{lCus\\xzv<vi}|l;nzlllojzlB[\ B|nzl;l;w5u zjxYxBxzusu{ ~kxB yit;xzyk{lole+qs jm zlojmjt\[~lzyky z[\[\lou{nzj l;jmu
(F -K 

%l;Bfh|g lolv}[\vmuElovtj l;z ;j/Yi6 oxzYu{it[\s\loloj jml; ;/ g {lo$jmlh zjtlhg jtit[q{ivvm[\BzxBYi nB ClozjBB9 l;iYxzxz-j|jjtu{[\l;si}xzvty \lo {l; \;sBi;B / xzu{it[\sloj 

{u{Wzvm{[~xBimu i}[  u fhjglou{u xB+y usl;{p l;\ nzlojxzu=B/l |Wzpe{[imv i}g [uu jlou|nBlojmxzYyp g {lol;jm\l3 [\xziWuEvmlo[~uY{susxBlC{i<YxBjtv jmg lol vm[~xB@ u
3||zt


\C9 /   

 \ csI\
(C& N\
_ ` "  c
WZ o&$ `IG >\  `Y 1Y_c
Z " c  " Z  * 

7  \Y -  o}WZ  }7n @ 7\Y G
&1 " -  "  " ,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


/ Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{
pqs[\g l;l;ojtlolpe[i}loxzuE vt[\ uYsxzfh|ieg lu{pHl;L[~ xzg sv+u{ssl;u{" vm[~fhxBgu l[~uE vm lo z j3xB u2 e[\ibs l {us[\lCi*zzimihi}sv ykg l<lCP~[\ykvmx0[vLxl
 O

vxzg litl\l;%EBslo[~u|u{lvmxzxWYjv gu|lbbxz[~y6l;yknzzusjt[uk{[~uE~lCvmiloz$j U fh g lexzljmyw[\i}lCvtl;u{E Wlhexzjm l{u{ loyk[loiMuEl;v%u{xzi}{EvjtglClq|qsjmxjtvtnY[~[\vts[\xzl;u


v g lfhi}l$g %El<sloloYu{qLoll;$vmvt [\xz uH x xBuYnz[ilojmzlCi[\uHywlCuiI%B|jmlz

  
^ b 

p g l;jtlCziv g lxnjm[\zu{l[i

\;9 xn 
_^ ob Rc</ 
t x x t t

fvhg g llCi}itll %EjtslCl;i}u{{vl<i@xzjml[~uExBvtl;zvmjz[~usvm[~lCxBu [\sjtslC{vm[~~usHK[ @jmxzy v g lw l |8us[vm[~xBsu {v g l;\uC/ v eg Eljml [\uE%Evtslo[\jjtl;g ywzl;usuEzvb[\usx
ykl;zuHiI%E{jml<xBuEnBlojmzl;u{lykxzsuEvivtx g jm[ivzxEi;zEYqs9
1^ eb

y
^ b /8/ t
x x t t f

fhg {i;[~u|[\v~g lzimi}x{nywjmlW[\zv u{g lvezv [\g nzll;u*pYlo[\ g ve\;s u{lvt[\xz[\i}u vmi;Yv g lo u h[ib l; nzl;[jtieYqsp jmg xzl;qLjtlolWjm~,[ +Ll;lojt{l;usuBlCvm"[\z s\l
{[\u l;\  zfhjtglWlou l| us l; pezi [~\i}x|l<[,+.lojmlouEvt[s\lWi}[\u{lv g lWoxzykqLxzusl;uBvixz%v g lBjmB[\louEv
E




/  >

{l;xB\jtl;zxjtnzl l;j;.v g llqLl;vmvm[~xBu=u{=oxnzjt[u|l;ixzv g l+xBykq|xBuslouEvmixhv g l3BjmB[\louEv


1^   
eb R >

zu{

xn 
^ b
t B







t
t

Yuv {g it[[\iIus3Bi 3g [\i}xzykuwxY[~xvv [\g iIqLpxBloim[\i}[\g svh\lsvtxWu{xzvt[\xzvu[\ uwzjt{[vmjmzjt[\~<itykxExzv g W{imit[\zuju{sxzy {l;\si


EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i B
 ^M^M``c U d >w
%@s ws <s
fhzu{g lkvvgpxv {B i} [w qsjt xBq|l; j} vm[~fhlCiWg l;xitelqsjmxzxzqLjmjmlolojtvt[\vtl;[\iwxzu[\ywsq{u{~[\l;vtik[\xzv u=g v+jmlkoxz[vjmjtiWl;q|\xEvti}[\[~xzvtuP[\nzlsu{lo{vm[~usxB[~u{vtl;iuszl;jtimli
(F7E -L B K

Lz Y

s\$ 
fhg [\i<[\us$l %B|\[vpe[\\M|l3y3zslki}vtjmxzu{zlojxBj[itxvtjmxzq{[\kxBjtjmlovm[~xBusu{vt[\xzu{ip g lou
  `

d9[~u Yl;vt[\xzu{ { {evitxkxz\~xpbi[~jml;vt\+jmxzyv g llo{us[~vt[\xzuxzMv g lwxBjtjml


vm[~xBuHsu{vm[~xBu z 9v g vb[~vb[\i w3U
 | 

p gjmlo jmBl lo u{sx~ Bvt l v Yg |[iMzz imvfhig [\g l<iMle$lo%E\xzBs\it\[~ixnpezx~I[~l;usuBWxzvIjmv vmjmg xlolovxBg jtvtlel;[\xzy_ukzimim{iu{xi.vmv [~gq|xBxEu{vi}i[~vtxz[\nzu lh [i lo|I~xEusi}[vmlColhoxz{sju{u{[~u{lovt[\jxzvtzu{x siMs xB[uxzvm[~jmxB xzu~



ys~vt[\qs~[ovt[\xzu{~[\yk[vio{zu{H[~uEvmlozjvm[~xBu


Y|1 
5B .  -6
[A _  y  . _ y so
_ _  y y 
$ 
_ y
[\[ A   U W . / {
.



$ 

[\[\[ A _  y 
so _  y 


[~n A 
 B


L
 ~[\y +
$  2 

{



n A 


 so


`
W




L kH3tw {  6

'v

35


2  

so



 | 



slt{;us [~vt lB K[ kfh g {iqLxB it_ [~vt_[\nz l i} z{ Yy& v g xly ityvspy) x [ qLieMxBk[itih[vmxz[~nBjmjmlxlonszlvtjt{[\[xzusu+u{[~vtollhsu{s{u{u{vt[\xzvtvmu[\[~xzxB uu{ikYy[\u{{oi}lv L_ lH_ qL xB it [~ vt [\nz l

[~K u{|vt[\xzuHjmxzy K[
y y _ y

jzu{u|H [~vxz\g K[y+v { l;it\it sykzu{l v g v  jml xz[\u{jm[\ij l;pq|lol; \u{M l;luB{vu{jml; z u{zo_xzo y xzj{lo[\usszieu{vmpex [~v g xBxzjtlojmxBYj ~qL l;jm vm  Bvt~[\Bxz~uA o[\l;[ jtx|y u{fh  g lol
^ b o^ b

qLlou|[~lonu{ol z[\nz lC i  xz[\jmij q|xE i}[~ vt[\nzl3 lo{ usxz[~vtjml3j xBj  \|ev g xzlojmu0j l;j}v  [\us\ v g l3_ \[\yw [~vyy |ivL l

^   b ^ b ^ b

qLxBit[~ vtn [\nz lfhg lo[\ih{ us[ie[~vtklz fhxzu|g i}l$l %Bitz{ywlou{l<olzqsxzqs \[~lC[\K[ ihvtxwu{v g v lg olxzu{los{[vmus[~[~xBvtu [\xzuH x  v g l< [\uEzvtloBjmzLBie|us[vml

vmitBxsoy-ov xzg jxl3nB[~lo[\u{uEjI3vtl;vtl;zx ojxz ykI[\[ yq|xE{i}i}[~v<[\vtu{[\|xzu|l3\~i%BqLxzxB it[~vt[\ nz 7l3-[~\ ~[\lus|Eusi}[\vmlolkk v ; g 9l3/{[\uECvtq%l;z/ jz-Iy{Yi}[\u{v<o%|l l3lCzqL xBg it*[~ovt xz[\nzuEl3vtjm [~{l-|vtus[\[xzvmu l

itxwv g v  [ibkxBjtjmlovm[~xBu3su{vt[\xzu




ykx7l;w\i;nYM[~jtuvtszleloxzxEivfhgvm[\loi}xBvt[jtol;zyB}{z~jt B xzK[ Iu+v u{g [ie [[~ieK{itits{y3\~i+xjt"loxBlojmjtjtjmlClo3vmvt[~xxBuBi {Lu{vm[~xBwu{iUB[~nBleUnt\[\


 \ (y "

  W a
,
: #=BA!w#"1 0 @Ro&1 #YY  W7,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


/  Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
YsbI ss }s} @@Ls}

 0L.;"Y
$F  L G N 1K

lousxzvtl E v g l o\Bitix L oxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu su{vt[\xzu{i*xzu _ssjtv g l;j;


olol;qusvbxvmqLl<xBYimi} [\s\+ i}vvm%vt[\xzu{z[~u|jt+\~oHxzjmjtlol;us\xzvtvt[\l<xzu+Y su{vmi}[~xBvmu{vmib[~xBLu{lo[\usjm+oxBxzjtuEjmvtlo[\uYsvm[~xzxB|uielosnBu|lojmvtE[\pxzu|g ielojm|ll;[~lou{Y
%$
&$

oxzuEvt[\uYsxz{il;nzlojmYp g lojmlz fhg {ieY+lo{us[~vt [\xzu


# '$

$_  $@ $

 

3Y{h 


so
$

s/
$

| J
} V

I{ t2 ' J . 3 s3  +Lom~GU zK o {\$


a $ V $

xB
u qs jmxY xIoz[\ihuHBL[~nBllosuHl;[~u xBykq|xEv i}l; lCjt*u [\ uE;vt9 x+/{+Eq%xzykCqs9 \l vmlofh\Hg [ib g itsxzvmB[\Wl;i}q|vmijtv vg v@u{w3jmzou{xzuExzvty [\uYs{xzlo| i
q{zj}vC
s 9 J V

pl;g q|l;l;jtu{l l;xBuBjtvCj b xBJ u o xzJuEvt[\uY sxz|J i xBjtjmlou{vm[~xBxzukjmj su{ vt [\xz u{iez jtli} l;B\xBu|y jtlC Jzitzxzu{u{zs ~l@ ywjmxlh[~l;u\i
^ b } ^ V V b
$ V

oxBxzju{itu|[\svtlo{jmjml;zM[\qu g zlolou{xExziykvlovmu{[\i}{vt [ofhig [\i lwg uYsjBz~lovzlWu +LlClov olo qvmxz[~{xBjtuus l; fhg {i{[ vgslwjmlozxYvmoik{CiEpeh{[~\.MqL%lwzxBu
)( -

[\xBoy3xzuEvmzvt[\[~uYusits[\lCu{xz{l3i@jmxzv g yxzl+jmjm lolCvtxB [\ywxzu+qLxBsitY[~u{+vt[\xzvtB[\u{sxzi u{[\i;us{s3v /g <q{vzsu{[\ijt l {p gW[~vt l<yk usl;fhxBzg [\u{itliW/l s\v Bog xzykvwxqLzMxzuYzus l;l;usuBlovCj \[~v[\;i@yku=[~Lul
$

3Y{h 

{U{{Y< 5 so {U{{YWosot
$


C $
$  P

[\usml;%E {z ~[ vxBu{ i} [l;j y v y zu{y z [\nzlCi i}[\usH v g l z{y g E g ph  jtav


:

+* -,
d /. r 2

 lou{olz[~\[~y v g l;uH\[\y
^ *0. b ` ^ * b ^ . b T {d21 d W ` T  d

)1 7W 
, 43 !1  |
, 03 } 1


  ! Yzo h !1 $Y.;CL
C Y3 ;| >w1 3 E 83E|h 
UK owK zZ {  .+| W* t_ Ltto/ |G kU {  {
3 u
5 }

s 5 | +
76
X 98

{t L LEUK w.z33tC


g nYs7[\usxBx j g7usxloq{ $j jtg xYiwu{xlovb$j g itil;loxzvl3jmg loloy8xBxBjjtl;im[\y)u{i}vmizieu|v g klitv+q|7lCzx~e[gqLusxBl;oitBj [~i}vtlW[\nzC[9lihz l[\nz|l;usu*b[vmYu=ll;esnz{u{l;u=vt[\u[\ywxzu{xBCijtEl+gz{lonzYu{lqlo|j6s/usqs[jm%BxY{xl
X

U{I oUtMt Lmoo{ U fhg lw[\8uEvtl;Yz{j g [\{uBvmlo@Bjm[iz\vig zl8jt.l0itxz[\ykyklolu{vm[~ityk[\xzlCu{iz oz ~\l; o kmso


 xzkv g l usxzuusl;Bvm[~nBl
o o [\uBvmloBjmz\i;
X

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i 
pez~[~ykv g xEiovveog xz[\l ywjyk[~u{zlCimi[\vmx xzvtl;fh~+gxlonxBjtzjtxBl;jty [y)u{7BoxYl@ g v sgusu{l@lo$jvt i[\zxzv imu{g iIi;lox xB.jtq|l;fhyxEg i}| [~vtio[\enzlbv g sl l{usxz[~\vt~xlbpes[\usu{=vmv[~xBg u{loxBijtol;xzy [\u{[xB~lo\xu|pbli
Z E3 E .;1 3  , Y|h  _th  oU  m~
G U .+{ 3 <* mt Lto|3 { 
: ws lu 2

s / 6
X )8

{GmUh.{G  o s{%LtsoUec h }3{Lo


98

[~ t;[i [\A ik7.Lxxzs[\g ywu|u{l;lol;u{$j it iW[~xBv u{u{g PloxBussjtl;xz[\i}yuvtjmus[~it{l;Bvti<[\vmxz[~v nBu g lz0vsu|@\vtit[\x xzu=[i[~@8u| x nxBjmus[\z\ u{ [~lk { u{Wvm[~[\xBiuP [~@xBjtu{jm lo=fhxBvmg us[~xB{\u i
X
}

 ;

X 98 X =<

{u{vm[~xBu
X }

vmfh[~xBg u`l $ .{ i}lo[~yksl;{u{xBi}{[\xzitu|lojmn|svt[\[\i}xzvtuwjm[~~{[\usYvt[\[\xzusuksxBu|jtjmlovt[\xzvmu+[~xB[\iuosz~u|\l;wvt[\xzv u|g liMvtitx q|lCvmjmz|[ivmjt[\svm[~xBu3su{


st/ o U U os
[i v lo jmuC/ /{YqC9
Y|1 
5 : to~U
ok| }}33{{LL{t%tLBLB  zoozU~o~9   mo~os ss mmG/{oUto9 o U> G Uo-Uc
$
Q
$

fhg [\ih[ihxzYnY[~xB{ihi}[\u{ol g ziv g l<qsjmxzqLlojtvt[\l;ixI[i}vtjm[~ssvt[\xzu*su{vm[~xBui}xwv g v


s/h;uH|l<pejm[vtvtl;uBi
X

$ ^
?>
b

v~g gg l;[~ituEjlkvmzqsg vmjm[~loxusjmnElW[\[i}vtv lw[g hlo*xBsjt|u|l;i}y lovt[\sxz[ihu|{ii}xBi}sloxBjjsy3"lzxzxBuEjeknxzy\v[s[\vmus[\[~xBsu{jt[~wykjmlonlou|zvm~i}[[~[\xBxzuu{zxz"sjmjmu{lo[\i}vtvt[\vtjmxz[\[\u{xzsu+i; vt[\sfhxzu{u|g i{vti[\zxzjtvu{lg i;El u{D xpe[~l;uusEloitjtx
D g lou X [iexBuBvm[~uYsxB{i;Bv g l UsY otzosU-  o l[ivieu{*[\iesl{uslC*Bi

X 98
98
i
_ee i

fhg louHv g l{xzsjm[\lojt Evm[~l;vl;ih[\uEvtloBjmz"[~u { 9|lCxBywlCi

s 9 s

@6
| + 98 8

0|" Z1
: G U {3U{YUthzosUo +

/ U; . . mst<o~sUeL`tsGoUU  }kLo<s{. s Lt Bm B .zosz


98

)8 98 8



98

B t; [i[ivmjt[\svm[~xBusu{vm[~xBu[~u{xBus\*[~ zu{


X 98 A )8 8

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


9 Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
{hf itg {lkz.itq|xzlCjmyvtjsIl;xzu{jhi}v[~vg Hl<[~suYu{nzl;vtjm[\itxz[\xzu u[\ixxzMvu[\.usl;s[~ykjtloxBu|yi}[\xzv gu{lkzsxBxBjtjmslojt[\lovmj[~xBvmujmzu{siu{xBjtvmy[~xBu Yv g l
s 6

6
98 Ag
r

r
}

fh g i}[ibvmBvt[~[\nBxzl;u{iezjt| i@xBsxBjejtjm{lojivvm[~lxBu3qs\s[\ou{[vvtyw[\xzlouv g xzxu  xBj@ nBlojm[Y[\uskv g lq|xEi}[~vt[\nzll{u{[vmlouslCiti@x


 { {UsY otzos Y zK o o {/ Y . m{Y 3


L" LEUK {


B )8 C
8

fh{xzg s[i*jm[~l;[\i+jkus[~uExvtvHl;zusjl;oil;im;itzujt[\~|lH0vmjtitl;[~ykywqsl;u{\lxBq{{jti}x\0lCsxBjmyk/l qs~v[og l vtlCo"z \os\nzvtl;[\u xzu g xzlC E.[\us [\ykv g lou{vit[\xzu{z[\i

usxB[~vtu[\xzusu|loE.i}vtY[\yknzlWykolzvtujm[\|l;iMlv g ,[ l&[~uEsvtl;~v;z j vmx[~xBpuklonBit[\loywjCBq{~xB[ {jbl;i;xBMjtsjmloxBjvm[\[~u{xBi}uvmu|su{lbvtv [\g xzlu{ibitqLq|l;xEitvmitjml;zim|i}[\usl;3u{itz[v


xz[i[\ituElovtq{lozBjmjmzsvtlC~l [\xBu{jtjml;loq|l;vmu{[~xBu0l;uBvms~Bu| vt[\ xzu|l;jti3lzjmljtlit[\vywpx=q{~lHlsvtzx=ywl;q{n~lC\i{xvmlitloit[\q{u{zjmlzsl;\Bl g oxzsjmjt[~jml;l;\vtvt[\[\xzxzuu
su|vt[\xzu|ibu{+v g lo[\j@i}qLl;vtjl;u{it[v3{u{vm[~xBu{io
!#"%$ &('*),+%/21 xzu{it[lojv g li}l;q{js\lWxzjmjmlovt[\xzu+su{vt[\xzu
| _
Y



xz*j U W  

fh[\g jml;l vm.[~xBu*[~ykB[~l;nYu{[\usi}[\ xzu|ei}qLl;vtjel;u{i}[~v0ozuPLlo{\vtl;P[~u|loqLlou{slouEvt\=xzjklCz g


eo

y_ y
| 2 xBjb\

d d
98 Ag
r
eo 8
_ y y
] Y
]

fhg {i;Yv g [iboxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBuH[ihqLlojmyw[imi}[\s\lu{*|l;~xBusBivmx


 d   d 
eo

fhg l<ivvm[~xBu{jm3lqLxzusl;uBvm[\z%xBjtjmlovm[~xBu3su{vt[\xzu
$ 4

!#"%$ &('*),+%/-

|$lq _ _
d   d G d xz*
  j U- W
[iei}x3itloq{zjmzs\lzu{v g .l . [~ykl;u{i}[\xzu|itq|lCvtjslou{it[v+[\i
eo

2 xzjb\

)8 r
y _ oe 8
_ y_
g
y y
)u{olzBz[~u+v g l<itq|lCvtjslou{it[v3[ihlonBlojmYp g lojml@usxBuusloEvt[\nzlu{+v g lWoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu
i i
eo

su|vt[\xzuLlo\xzusEivtx D$ 4

BY{ t s{ s @Ls
jmitl;xzvm~[jtoxBlCqs+[\v g oxzvjmjtv l;g \lvtjt[\xz$l u%B{[~sjmlou{ykvtlo[\uExzvbu{i*xzxz[\u itx>vmjt xBqEim+vm[\[\i@i}jt.lCivmjt[ vm[~nBl< ~lCz [\us3vmx+v*pexBu{[\\[~vtit[\xYxzxzu{u iexBLu l
$F  K > L G N K

oBxziuEv vtg [\uYls[v[\ykwlou{u{it3[\xzouHxzu{[~u{i}vtojjtlC[\zuEitvmlziM xBuk~xplojLxz{u{si; fhg l;itlejtlCivmjt[vm[~xBu{iMLl;xBykl@ivmjtxBuszl;j


xzoxz3 jm jt l; \lousvtxz[\xzvtlHuE{ u{vm[~ xBu3v g nlHz~[ow\Bxzitu8ix y{mi}vmL| l@ nozxz~jm[wjtl;[~\u3vtz[\xzuEu s u{vt$[\xzu{iw[\ykxBlou u{it [\xz u{0zsYi}[\u{s|li}lo v
/E
d

s 9 E _ GF E
y k HF E
4FeeIF EP

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i s
{oxzsuEjtvtv [\g uYl;sj;xz|ilousl;nzxzl;vtjtlkYYp g l;jtl lv sg ll;qitvsLqLoxB\imBitit[~iWs\xz+[vi}xz{vtIjmxzqs[\[u{w\\xz+jmjmlolou{vtx[\vtxzluY su{vm[~xBv u{g iWlWvitgs.vzzjtimli
E

xzIoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu+su{vm[~xBu{ieLlo[\us3xBuBvm[~uYsxB{ihlonBlojmYp g lojmlz fhg {ihY+l |us[vm[~xBu E

E E
E
 

vm[~[~xBu{ u{oi l[i}xz ovtjmxzu qs|[ lko xzjmlCjt l;xz\ykvtqL[\xzxB uit"l;su{u{[~uEvmvt[~xHxBu{ +ip jmg l[vm @l itussfhxBLg [\oit{\lBi;it.oi%xzzxjmojtsol;xzi}\vmjvtvm[\[\us[~xzxBu3u{vtsxjmu|fhovtgxz[\loxzjmjtxBu l;jt\l;yu|vt[\xz{u usu{louYnE

JE  $ E  $ &E  $

l;jtYp g l; jtl<oxzuEvt[\uYsxz{ihoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBu
E

1  EG Bh ,0| $Y;h  s o~ @LU-  d


q{oxzqufhlCCg1 vm[\.iHsojt ykll;p zjtxBu{g y i[ gv g zg [\vHnzxElCvl;i<g uYl|i}xBl;xBykjtus l+\ ;jmszz9[\sim ykxBuBl;uBvmq{[~vuYqi<si[~Evvmjtzl;$us[~'u Bv zg 9lou{ [~[\usixz v sg u{yl* {Bi}it[\vHuitsLykl=qvmv[~Avl;xBjtu us xz bCfh/9gxzsjt[i
xu x E d E

jmYl;vtv usg lC[iiti;hsbv g xxBj qs$jmxYxl;IitxqsI[~vtv lg [[\viiivq{q{vtl;ykjmlolouEuEvvi}o[\ykzuqs\|[\ol;[lovuB xBfhsg u{lboxz[\uuv lCg lvms\jt[~vtlhlo[\jykvmqss~jm[\l;l i$v gvbv \l;zi}v
[it{xu{vtjmvmxz[~q{xBu[\Wu{xBHjtjmlouHvmlo[~nBxBlou3jmEsp u{g lovtjm[\xzluoxzouEzvtu*[\uYLslxz{lCieoxzxzykjmjtqLl;xB\itvtl;[\+xzu3[~uEvt{x3u{wvmp [~xBg u[~vtl<usxB[\itl<xBjtjmlovm[~xB{u

loss gykxYlo[\qsu{uY\|l;\ibl;\*jtxz" iel;i}{usoxzxguvml[lCi}Yxzvm vtsjmjtxzl qs g[j <xBv \g{xBliojtYjmlov g zlWimvmih[~xBxzxu+\ ~x{peu{ [\usvm3[~xB u{xBpibugpel;[[\ ~vtgs|jmnl<lusz[[\i i}nzg x loug vbxB[\u \[~susYi;{lCus[~vtv[\zxzeuY|lonBsloj
DE E

I 0L $YC%h d
5B { .+| 66 so
k E

J
{ m I h 8 6 J Y .o mto~U  o .
V

jmwlo\yr[~yk{[~v@ s[\ikzEi z[iku{ zfhqsoqsxzg u{jml;xBitxzBl jm%Elogysl;[~u{uss{ lHusp[~xvzWg [ fhg g g itxYl<loituYiI[~LBv uslog jm[L vho iwu|ouYxz luxlC% vmv sg jt[ihlB [\ixBfhjv g g l;xzvb6jmloy&uY3y{[{i}~Bxzi}vvt jmz[ xzqsqs qs[fhjmxBg Bl;xz xjtg
h
f g
E
V
j

vmjm[~louYs6vmxB[~{xBqsukibjmloos\xz[~u{jmykjtl;[\vtu{\[\xzvtu*jm[\wxz;u3jtlCu3i}ssLu|~lvvto[\jmxzxzxzu|u{y ibi}vtjm{qsg q{jmvtjt[l;xEiwvz zgjmxzxE[\usyi CoxB/lojtzjmjmxkloMzvbvm\[~it[\xBuxuw{usxBs[~svu{u{z3vm[~[\xBu u{i [~u g jt[i}vmj BExB[ i@lz;zxBEu

E

q{xzIqkoh xzsjmjtl; \evtB[\[~xznBul;i{*u{it'vm[~&xBuH[\xBlouEu v< s_ v< usy xzxzv-j us lCk lC itimjmxzu|[vm[~xBuxBjv g lkq|l;jtyk[itit[\s[~\[~v
Y|1 
5K# ||{Yt G ~
\ U 3 mto~U G U w{

~MY .U{Ws~ 
L

t
oY mLH.YttzozoK h

UK [ tUsskYozoKKo /UK 3> Cm3<LEUK 9 



[\[ s~E+tYBwm{h Cog om s6 9 mo~



JK L

~[\y u_ x ay 

[\[\[ Lc <s


r

~MEH. o{s~`  2



NM


_ E


(

y
y y _ a y r

~\ 
'
PO T d
W ( E

k
RQ Q Q

d
( E

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


E Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{
jzqsv qsg 0\lo[\;jq{jtvvtxYg[\xzxzu|u0i[i"i}[\xzu{xBu|solbu{[<vm[v[~xB[\[~u u{ykiqLxzg xBujmit[\l;i}viMvmg zjml*zl;xEi}itvti q|jm[\lC;vt9vt[\jxz|u{oiqjtl;[~qs/jmjml;/l;9itvtlo\uEvmfhxBgukvt[\[\i%xzl;zujtitlC [\i}~{w)vzu o[\i%ov l;g{iml+i}i}lo[\xzssv \lbEg [~l;u<j loqsjmg [\jznzu{vt"vt[\[nzMolCz[~vi
l;zjt[~l;iuBvmvt[\xHzs[~u{\lWo~im|yklkqsyk\lWzuYq{v {g i}i;lo sMxBjtjmlovm[~xBusu{vt[\xzu{iWit{ g Bi@v g xBitlwq|xEititl;imi}[\usH[


! Yzo h !1 $Y.;CL
qs{it[~\xzxBlojhu{jh[\it xBxjtvmy)jtxBqsp [g@lojmxBljtjmv log (l vm.[~xB u3 [~yksl;u{u{i}vt[\[\xzxzu|u{iv sg xB(l sD jm[~l;[~l;jus[\louEjtvtNl;~ zjg [~.uEv[\ih g jm[~lou{q{l@\Bv g l;lo*xBjtYl;+ywvmxzusBl;lois[~ykit[\loyus
3Y{h 
_t6 G
mooUt{K 
W* t Lto|3{  U >
P to~  o <.|
s 9 $ u yIx Iy 9 u yIx Iy

r T r i

} S x
}
VU i

u yax Iy r

{mt w s oo/ G U o s c { B{ .zs bLmm{Ukc HUU8 G U=.


j i

}

U i

iy3tq g [\fhl;usjt\g [3o[iMzivmjmjml;qLzitxzs[~gvMjv[iMoxzxYxzjmxzspjvmz[~[\jmu|uswlCy3vtlCYiWus[\qsu{l;~s [\yk[~uE[~vmu{[~vmxBlou{zvt[\ijuspevm[~[u{v u{g*zYxsusnBloxjWjIpeuklo\vmqLzlosu|ussB~lolCu{vmiool; [~lCfhiM[\uEg [\uvtll;z osjz\/oiosYsvtxz[\{xzjitu v[\usg [\li
T WC

Boxzlolousykvmzl;q{[~jmzzi@- ovb-xzu{u{i}itl;*sq{~v-jt[\jzxBvmjtBloxB\~{xBiy vtBjm lol;;us/l;vt9jmyk zlo- uEs vbqsqi}xzl;.Yl<nY@E[~xB1{Y\itlo~j [~;u{9 p os~g |zxYqsl;vtijmq%l;{vg/ vhielYv Eg xz/ ljmyw;zl;Yjitl;-i*dsxz jH = 3ykzxzu{jm l
vmjt[\sfhvmg [~lxBu*[itx{vtu{jmxzq{vm[~[\xBWu itq|lCYvt j[\i}vtjm[\svt[\xzuHsu|vt[\xzu $[iejtl;\vtlC+vmxkv g li}qLl;vtj%[i}
X
XU

s\ 9 U |
i #Y Y[Z X 98

qLxBi@it[y3vm[~nBuYlH[~luE|vmuslo[zvmjlouslCieitxzi{v i}g [\lusxBv jtg y [\i jtsl; \9 evt[\zxzjtu l<jmvv sg {l;\j<vtv l;g z|u [~vv g[i@l3yBlo{us gl;jmzit[~U yk.qs\lo[\j@ykvtlox+u{itnB[\loxzjmu{[z
6 ]

{xzs9jm[~l;jhlop jtl;qsitq|jtlClCi}l;[uE%vm;vmz[~itxBl;ui x { jmlxzq|jtvt[sjh[\uBvmlojml;i}v;


s\z; xBi xzj _

i
VU i E
j
s\zo j xzj y

T i VU i E

i}[\u

j
s\z;$ xzj k

i



VU i E
j i

s\z;" lq y y xzj H


d1i VU i EP

[@ih~z[\lonzvIsl;[\u*iloqs[\xBuvywvgyk l<g xBxYuzloi}uYvbLu{jtlol;jm\ xBvtuE[\;nBxzzlou*9 us z[\lojtuEl<vqsitvmq[~ykx qs{l;\lus$ x+vtvmx3l xBv g vmlzB[~ulojmMus loEqs[\u jmxY x{ xYv <g lW@itzq|i}lCvbl[Yqsi}jmYl;yimi}|[\xzxBu

j

j i}l;l z\xzy ;9 / Yq{ // xz-j v l; jtu ;9 /{Eq%o U m


u yIx Iy 9 u yIx Iy  T r
\ r
} S x
}
u I
y r
x I y}

e.I^c]  " 5|A @_



c
 >y a`Gb=Y ,

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i z
it{ g v g v { jtlCzsi
s\C9

\ i VU i

j
vexB~\ixpbxzijbv i}g vmvtv [\xzu{ z jt9|o-xzjmWjtl;\xzjbvt[\zxzuEu { u{it[~vmu{[~xBolu{ie 9uH [~-uYnBzloji}[\xzu+xzjmysxzjhv g lWitqLl;vmjmz
\

slou{it[vHozu*Ll<xzv[\usl;@imi}syk[\us
_ }

r
 f


vqLg xzlitjHq|lCxYvtxzjj"[\u{l;u{vml;iti3[v zu{ [~uEvmzlo[\znzjlou*vm[~Yu{ = x{nz/lojlz~[\i}vmi;us B)su{jl<zxYBxBjm[\u[\u{q{Bvtitl;iti[\usjtlCi}vmsx3~vmi}iq g [~u lojm[\v ;g l


j
)8

xB~\xpe[\usk[~uYnzl;jmit[\xzuxBjtysxBjhv g l. }kosLoUtm. U{Y Utzos


s\;
Iy u yau x Iy yI x Iy _
j

T r i
|
i
}
r


r

fhoxzg jm[\jti%l;z\[\nzvt[\l;xzi"u+zuWslu{qsvm[~\xB[\ou[v%xzyku lo v g x xzj"nBlojm[Y[\ushv g lq|xEi}[~vt[\nzlMlo{us[~vtl;usl;imixzYzu[itxvtjmxzq{[\


Ag i }

{s }kosLLoUtm. WU{I oUt.zos Y K o


{~C9 I L m{Y <{UK kW osotC


B i

u{g7xxlkpvl;uspnzlClozjCjtlCYlWit[\imvig jmvm[~jt\v{lz[\{yk Bqso\xBjml;sq|[~l;ususu{xBsuvtix usxzlou sEU9vt[\nz +lusitxzqLul;usvml;jmBzvm[~nBl;lu{i}it[~q|v lCxzvtj=u  lov u|_ i} [~vfhg xzlu xz qs qLxBsitxE[~lCvtli

C
i

fhg lxzjmjmlovt[\xzusu{vm[~xBu[\ieB[~nBlouHY oxzykq{zjtl { j 0m

s\o Iy u yax Iy _

T r
}
i
r
g i i i

j u yIx Iy r
}

uq{zj}vm[\osjC s\zC1  IvBlv g lWxzjmy3i


i

j oxBi
R

i

i xzj _ i E

j xzj y

T i i i i E

it[\u y

j

R
j

i

i xzj k i i E

[~u{ol {~; y{i}ve|lkq|jtvt[sjxzjmy xz s 9 h[ihjmlovtlCvmx Y.


i

VU i i

_
]
r
U i i i i
j

pi g g vtlol;jmEl u  e g [~ 9Iy ;9 / s z/ @%L[\i|v g Bl3z9 jm l;xzzxBujtl;x.nz l;j;[~ykq{l;u{jtxi}nY[\xz[u|l;Is=us[~itvq|i}lCq gvtjlojml lou{jmitB[~vY


g S x

B{su{u vm;[~YxBul [i%|vsio{L~v Bg 9l9[lozuE[\nzvmlC[vi A _ G--  ' @sjmzykxpe[vI Evtlo



T r T T W a


u yIx Iy 9 j ay Iy

U i | r S
T
i

i



} x

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


z Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
svWvhu|[\qLixzvtqL[\[\xzuExBuvmimiei}[\xzsl;\nzllo[vtu3imxHpexzi [~uEg v vmxg [~p uYussxzv [~vguslov@[ie[\vi}gvt{l;[\itiuBl;v"li}qLqsl;jml;vtimjit[~xB|uslo[\iu{itn[v\[\su{xzjvt[\zxzuYu H[it[~"xvtv jmg xzl q{g [\~oxzitjmsjtyl;\xvt[\xzu
 / cU

so[q vml;vmHxl;jtjtlolbloq{jmxzjtlo\xBu{~q|xopxBl;j}ivmit[~zxzxB[\yku{nzllb\v[lvg slzywoxzxBq{u{yw~i}lCvmq{iz~xlouBvtvlititq|[~xzu|lCjmyvmlkjmszv g|zli;l; i u{g i}z[~vtq|[\lkl;i;[iYv qLg l;l3vmykjmzxE|ivl;[\u{uEvtitlo[vmjm[~l;lCi}ivt[\zusjt|le B[~fhnBglou l


vm[~xBu{i itlolYlCvm[~xBu*|fh sg l+ [itxvtjmxzq{[\+lq|xBuslouEvm[\z u{PWz{imi}["u xBjtjmlovm[~xBu su{
!#"%$ &('*),+%/c

r-d


r-d
 
gqsq%nB{l=/Ev g l /z. [~ykl;u{i}[\xzu|[itxvtjmxzq{[\=itq|lCvmjmzl;u{i}[~v9su{vt[\xzu{i zz\xzy ;9/

s\$ /

i fe
y y u v _x Iy
 xzjb\ kzu{*z~ i

ab  xBjb\ 
i }

d
r:]

jml;vtitvtq|lolCjbvms[~xEnBlCloih\zus xfhv@g s{loioqL%lou{v g HlCi}xzlAu oMxz jmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBu{i<Llo\xzusEivtx bxzvtlkv g v<v g l


i fe i

&E

oxzjmjtYl;qL\l;vt[\vtxzju3"su|lou|vti}[\[~xzvt[\ul;i[ihxBqsj\xv vtg vtll;HW[\u{imi}[\[z{u*jtl<xzsjm\jmzlo vt[\xzuk{u{vm[~xBuHzu{3v g lWlq|xBuslouEvm[\z 4


1.0
0.8
Spectral density

0.6
0.4

ln = 1
0.2

ln = 3
ln = 2
l n = 10
l n = 100
0.0

h0 1
i2 j3 k4

[\zsjml{~B
g
k

DGFBHm dBQ\HYNBocQTSNxn[QTocSPchRS b QTO{o b HYOkPch2n[0dHYNIocQjPKJgLBNIOkPRQ\SNBoJgShPRFIHnsnLBococQnN


OYShchRHk[nPRQ\SNEJgLBNIOkPRQ\SNr L bIb HkhOYLhRm}H|nNId(PRFIHHk b SNIHYNlPRQTn[OYShchRHY[TnPRQTSNEJgLINBOkPRQ\SNJMShHm.
vpo2wqosrtoYvYtuxnNxdvettz~DGFIHknhRHn[T[ocOen[THYdKocLIO2FPRFxnP uqr,t}|0vsLIocQ\NI]Gvfv~

!#"%$ &('*),+%/xw 9fhg lykx[~{l;7lCititloExBjtjmlovm[~xBu{u{vm[~xBu[i itlolhYl;vt[\xzu| s 9


2 
fhC/g /l xBYjtqsjmql;it|q|/xBzu{ [\us( .s[~yklou|i}[\xzu{z{[i}xzvtjmxzqs[eitq|lCvtjLlou|i}[~vwsu{vm[~xBu[i z\xzy
fe zy




2 xBjb\ ku|Hz~n
i
y y v Iy
?e
i
i

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i 9
Bitx[~nBl;v gi vs\v $g /l+ oxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu su{vm[~xBu=|l;~xBusBi<vtx bxvml3v g v g xYxEi}[\us  E A

fhg ljvm[~xBu{6 %E{Bjvt[IxBjtjmlovm[~xBubsu{vt[\xzu i}l;lYl;vt[\xzuW{


4

!#"%$ &'*),+.%/|{


y y
}e

g ziv g l .s[~yklou|i}[\xzu{z{[i}xzvtjmxzqs[bitq|lCvmjmzLl;u{it[vwsu{vt[\xzu v l; jtuC/ /{zqsq%|6

Iy 2 xzjbz~ 3u{H\n


i ?e Iy
i
r
i i

x3xz@u{xovmlWl@zv Bg zl[~u*jmloplvm[~{xBu{u{Hi g v [~q+g |vhlov vgpll;lou+xBjtjjmlovm[~xBvmu{[~xBuG %Es{u{zsvtjm[\xzvtu[@Llou|\xz3usykEixYvtsx [{lC 7 lCititlo.xBjtjml


y r


E

vm[~xBuHsu{vm[~xBu{ibzu{*itqLl;vmjmzlou|i}[~vt[\l;i;
fh g loxzjmu{l@it[[izloj\itvxg wl[%i}xzzvtqsjm\xzBqsle[vmlojmYzqLu{xzi}u{xzlojmuEyvt[jmloYq{jtxBlCjti}jml;louBvvm[~vmxB[~uxBuk{u{xzjhvm[~xBxzujmjm lo vt[\xzuk {u{vm[~xB u{i[~u
4

xBj@\.{us[~vtl { fhg lou|zooxzj[\usvmx fhg loxBjtl;y)s\ n'


r#d
E E

s\ 

r#d
X EP
j
fhoxzg jm{jtl;i\vg vt[\l xzu*m.s~u{/ hvt[\xzUtus[~u g H x buYxz@vtlWq{v jtg xB{v@s3[\\o[vxzbuEvtykjm[~lC{zitvts[\jtxzlMuxB.u v v ;[i%khzn[\nzl;\[iez[u*itxl;vtnzjmxzl;q{jtE[\

p ug xzlojmv lg l;ojbxzu{pi}xBvmjmz{uBiovhExzxBjbjtjmitlo{ vmg [~xBqsujmxzp {g zlosjm[\l;~[Bvi3wykl;xBzuBitvmsjtjm[\sl;i;Yvmv[~xBg u*l v z[\nzlCip g [~vtlWusxB[\itlz


&EP

33o{MBoLotUE  oU
f

7[~\~[\usEi}\lo ;/ 9sEq|/ 9/lo{uslCHBi


 ^
r ^~
b

[ibkxBjtjmlovm[~xBusu|vt[\xzu[\u xzjeu{xzuusloEvm[~nBl

E2



  =ws 3 !h Y.C;|
j|mfhl;log itlol uEvvt|xz[\xzuuE+ i}_ {zpeLz[~lCv <ig vm3l;=uYs[i} Cxz vtjm[\xzi@qsv w[g <l;it[\jtyxBxBujtsjmlo Cvm[~EvmxB[~uHxBsu+z~qsBsq%xzu|jm[vtv [\gsxzy@ u E9 {EB/ i} lC+xB uHxB u{wfhi}[q{g zlol;uj}jkvm[\ oxBsu{j\zit[\jeu{jtl;xBl;j@qy
ju|xzyr|lo xBAu l|usl;it{ g v g v _
E _


pfhgg lo[\ijml xz u|[iivmjtW{{vtus[\[xzvujmzou{zuHxBLylnz{lCitl;vmHxzjxB[\ujbi} [\y {s\us[~vt[\xzxzjmuywx\kMj[\u{i}vtjmxB[\syrvt{lCl;3\sxzi;uw v fhg g l@lsu{xB[vjtjmitloq g vml;[~jtxBlBu

{u{vm[~xBux Ll;oxzykl;i
_   @

} | _ r
Y=qY E
_

pg lov jmg l lojmxzu  ;Y 9 IEy v g [i [\uB/ vm@loB[jmizv Lg ;l3u+jmLl;lW*pexjt[~vv}gvmlolkuszu{i[vv g itlq g l;jtlw[~u k@;xzj[\us*vtx

U{Y.Wt.to{ h
Ag S x

U
s\/ |
z / z_ / Iy _ _ y u kIx Iy
S
S x 5g
r
7
)
d
r
}
x d 
j

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


9 Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
hfi g g x[p$iwjtv l;g qsjmv l;it losuE\vm6vt[\[xzieu=l%E[is[\jmnlo\lovmuEl;vh vtvmx x vsg 9l i}qLl;vtjjtl;qsjml;itlouEvmvt[\xzu5[~v3[\iwqLxBimi}[\s\lvmx
s\ 9 6 u yIx Iy 9 u yIx Iy

T r i
_
r
} S x
}
VU i

u yax Iy r

p g l;jtlv g l<ykl;zitsjml[ieB[~nBlouHE {~B;9


j i

}

_ oxBi _

i
U i

[vmi}xxzovtxzjmxBusxzjmlBqssM[[~kus uHxBq{vmjtxjmjtlofhvt[gvmslo[~xBxBujtjhl;ysxBu{j*s vtH[\xz$v u0g {l3itsxHjmjtlol;v q{qsg jtjmlCl;vi}itl;lov uBuEg vvml3vmvty3[~[\xBxzzuu qsqs ss[\us\\9/jtxBz[iWy[\nzv l;g i l_ zvtl;x us lo jyI{_i}xBvjty|l+xzxzhuszlou
j

xBit[~jxBu{$l %EsM[~itnq|zlC~l;uBvmjmvmz~BI s_u{ vm[~xB$u zu{ v g 8l . [\ywYl;[\yku{it[~[~xBu{jhjmMloitq|vtlC[\xzvtu|jiLlsvpu|lovtl;[\u+xzu=v g ;lWj xzuusLlo_ lks[~xzyk{lou{us  9



T W

[\ubu z\xzlyszyw ;q{9~/lH x Ybqsv qg l{{ithl*Y/xz9b9v g l*vt{jtus[\us {u|siwjtl;qsjtlCi}l;uEvmvm[~xBu0[ivBlou0jmxzy


g jmxz\xzz uEvtxBz\xz D [\\itxzu ;9 Bs g jt[ivBxBi;9 
z
x {
u t
i
[
o
l
j v g
l
z
x m
j m
j o
l

t
v \
[ z
x +
u
s
{
u
t
v \
[ z
x u _ t lq 

g
{xz*j $v lWxz\~xpe[\uskxzjmjmlovt[\xzu+su{vt[\xzu[\ihxBvmz[~u{l;"

!#"%$ &('*),+%/[ T d W BT d W

xzu|iv p j . q j . d
_ (
q _ .

T z
d/ r q W

p bg sl;jjtl ykxpe[~jmav l3 _ywxEvm[~lo{BlCs= u 7;lCEitzitloYqssqu{|Evm6 [~xBh+u{iYEz/ u{9 jml3ykx[|l;PEvmjt{nzlksu{vt[\xzu{i




k 4




L3 w{B  0 
usxBou xBojmlosjm[~x{usMYvt[\xu{l {~$ 9 | 9 8 s xpl;nzlojCI~[\y j  ozuPLl
\
U ]

U i U

s\;9 _

\ i VU i

p g l;jtl _ [iexBuBvm[~uYsxB{ie-v 3zu{ _ j _


j

3Y{h 
4 L*| 9 s
U &U  U

~MEH wb B
f i d

~[\y
( 'v

{t $\[~y j


U

m; vy{i}v|li g xpeuwv g vv g lb[\uEvtloBjmz[~u s\; nzus [i g _ lCIiy BxBi jhz ~n i}Ml;@l im itssyk1 l
] i


dBMvh[ihplo\LYusxpeu*v g vhxzjeitxzykl 
f

LloxB\xjtpl;xUnz l;j;fhCg i}[\{u{i; l GG xzjIu \_xIv y g lxBjwxz\z\x~pe[~usi}{~[\ ykg [vIv g [i%vplo\[~\y l{u{l; | xB8su{lC{
r
k < T  7 j
r r
$m  \  } D \

oxzuYnzl;jtBlou{olbv g loxzjmlo y

f \  `


\[~y j _ | j \[~y s _


\ i
VU i


\ i
VU i

\[\y _
 

 _ 9 \ [U

\ i
VU i

Y[\u{ol _ |kzu{+\[\y xzj 2sYv g l<~[\yk[vbnu{[\i g



]p
j 

+U \ i

i


EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i E
fhg lu{lYvv g loxBjtl;y z[\nzl;ijtlCivmjt[vm[~xBuxzu g xpPi}\xpe\v g [i\[\yw[~vozu|lezqsqsjmxBz g l;"
Y|1 
5 sot 96 wYshw|9ItY+
D ( E

s6  \[~y u_ x Iy 
r

vBg i}tY;ykv \q [\yvm@xvtim[i}slyklhq{ v u|g .lbi}[\qxzlu3s[i xBvmlojfhu{g ol;lejmuzxl@v q|g<l3xEiti}q|[\[~uBvtlC[\vmnzlovtlBjjmjtz|lC.lo su{\jmit;z[~vs@ykysl;u{uB{vi}ivWvt[\xzxzLu lkv g{l(us[~7vtlkzl;v img i}xBl;j{v[\{\i; u{Yzvmim [~i}xBsfhu*ykg [lli
}


i

bsjykxpe[~av Evtl;zsu ;Y %|s{ s~1




s1 T   n oxBi z _
* g T d gx d gx
r
W

u|i}l;j}vm[~uswv g [\ib[~u {~C9 z[\nzlCiv g loxzu{[~vt[\xzu [~Busxzjm[~u{[\u{it[~Bus[LouEvbxBu{i}vmuEvIi


sz9 xEi 3 xzjbz~



_ r
T i d/ W T i  We f i

u_ x Iy r

g[fhihxzg vlg ~xvxBpjlov jeg l<\[\ywi}qL[~uv_l;;vt jx ua.y Llloqsu| qsgi}jm[~xBvxB3itBlo vtug xwl;zlijtso[[~l;ivtjtvCjxw jmfh[\xB~g je|\iezjtjmBzlitlW' s& sv@[\lo{uEusve[~vtlBu{ +fhusg l;[\oil;imitxzzu|jt3[vm[~xBxBu{uy[~vt[\{xzi}u v
i }

i}vt[\\%{xzqsj%q{o~xz[\l;jmjtibl;z\v vtg[\xzxzu@{ sg u{vgvm[~lxBu{xBiu{u{x[~v%vt[\qLxzxBu imi} lC{it itB[\/ useoezi}u*qLLl;l<vtjnY[~xBz\l;vtu{lCit[v@xBjbsu{lojtvmvm[~zxB[~uu Cv g iol jtlCi}s~v


r

w

[ ibkfh,[ +.g [\lojtlojmlCxzlouEjmv@lovMy-oqsxzjtu{{xYitxzbl {%Eit[\sil;Bu{i"[~nBv lglouxvYv v g g ll<go\xzlojm[jmykijtvl;y3\zwvtxE[\[~i xzuu ;Y/ lCszu{{vm[~xBvtq[\u xzzuw;/ {sy\$ o{i}p vxg z> x<qsD qsijmvxBvmvmzitl;xz igu v g ;i}9 qLv/l;v og [[L iIjtlC\[~i}yks[~~vv
i

vBg i loxBjtl;yz\itxb[\uykqsls\[~zlCywihv q{g ~lwv@xxEv i g lkxz[q{ihq|usxExi}vb[~vtnlwz[\~i [* xz*j (d_xBzi _ fhg lwxz\~xpe[\us



f E

Y|1 
5C M / .
3o3 q' so

 k E 2

Lg lktnz;l xz{u{xBYjt sjmloqsi}{qL vmxBg [~itxBl uPv g 3 v pe[~v g=  f qLx*lojtl;l;nzu{lo vjm xz jmjm[~lou v vtg [\xzlwu [\uByvmlo|+jminvY[\ zu{\it lkx Llx@v[\i}g +vqLLxzl v[\uEpv lou{l; u ; u

d

P d d |

zu{ lou{ol | zszu{*v g lWv g loxBjtl;yrxz\\xpbiY*[~u{s{vm[~xBu




)

\x{pj}v lofhg jhlog |jCl+sxBssxBu{~\veHxvpezg [\[~lnzu{l;itu*[~ykv Yg qs lo\xz[\ojm{[lov~y*1 x qsfhjmvxzgg qLl<lWxBitus{l;loj0Ei}vbveEjtv lCg i}losxB~jtvel;v y3y lo jmu pezlC[\ ~ih;9 [i}vb/vtjm{ploMxzusqjtzv hv g g ;p l;9 u+g [\v\il@g vmjt[vmiel;x3us|ywxBv sl;g uEu{lovtHu|[\xzilounBv glou l

Y|1 
5 | so * _ | E

it1{ ty ;g 23 itvIl v@[i$q|u| xE+ititv [\sY*~[\lusvt x<ssit lop \ l;g [\WvI g xz[\i}-jiblovMUl%Exs" [\ n z ~l;WuE $lv;%E s [\s<[\i}vm[\uzuBvIzqL 6 xz[\uBBv[~iInBl;[~u i; > 71 g xExE i} [\us
 d
k P

g@xu pl;znz{loi}jCxB~szvt;l+l;\imxipvtloxkjvLxzss\l;u|ihPxzo zuP [ieitxjml|%El+s[\jtxzlCs"u| " f xxBvmz[~u0v g lHuYsyklojm[\;nz~slCi


d W

Y|1 
5| | so *P[\u GY |
\

E \

t; fhg [\i[\i<s[~jml;vxzu|i}$l %B{lou{olxz {~/ i}[\u{ol M[\iMqLxBit[~vt[\nzlelonBlojmYp g lojmlz


k P

GU i

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


9  Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
@x{{{
f s\l;ihxz B[~nBl g usBlzsyksl _ xEit g ;9/sEqsq%6L9
\ )( 

sz * xBj _ jmxzy s\zC9


s  9 z xBj y

d E j m

*
sz$    xBj k

d E
*
sz"  ;z xBj b

d E
*
sl1 xBj

d E
*  /
sZ  z xBj z

d E

*
s xBj

d E
* E

fhoxzg u{{iti*l%Eussxl;vmu{[\ol;lezxzs ~l xBusjtloxBE~vmjm[~nBls\CxBsjtjmloLlovm\[~xxBp<u{iz[iMjmv lg jmvl;i}v vtg jmlb[\vtzlCi} v[\vtusx l%E~x{pz~lo[ j+vsy[~yk{loiu|vi}|[\xzl@u{i}i;vtjm[v;




: 0%{$ 3  ?b@ C|o !I 0|Ch s;L2 %z;|3 
3Y{h 
 { 1  UkW @m|B~w
W~
{  1 E X T d ' W 

oxzu{itl %Eq{sjtl;xYu{x<lCi[i3xzxBv sg u{lW v g [\lou6xzjmlo yg xYl;jmuElzL lojm Cz9  eq{q Ez1 Bz9 fhg jmlol[\ykykl;[vml

0| 1
 | k W {tk @m|B~C
0| 1
  | { W {tU3Uk @oto{Uzo~C
E 

0| 1

| . U C
E 

{[\yk zfhlo u{g it{[\[\iixzu{xz[~u{i;u{o~WjtslCxzxBzu{jitl[~u{[\u{vt[\i}ykvmi}yklu|sxY[lzx+..v log v jmguslolwlCuEitvtpei[[\[\{i~l;ljt~$l %Ev%|sv i}[~g lCjml;lh itxzqjmxBg jmjlolojmo[xzovtjm[\xzjt l;u<\ 9\lovt u{[\xzu v og xzsjmjtu{fhl;g\vtl;[\vtxzjt[\u{loxziwuxzjm[\lzu s u{g [\vtxz [\jmgxzxzl;u~j
E

g [\jm wg lo{jb~[\yklo[~yku{itqs[~xB\[\u{l;i;i v g vv g litq g lojm[oLxBjtjmlovm[~xBu{u{vm[~xBu[\iusxzv{ims\lbxBu { xBj


l;jtpe[i}xzl jmxz\jmwlosnz\l;CjtsY p g[~ykl;jtqslB\[~lCiv g vv g l[\usl %E{z~[ v { z My{i}vLli}vtjm[vit[\u{lxv g

| `b'YB( n |sY


Z @
cx $Yx54o7 " `b'Y ,

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i z
c ` a < ^ d  ^M^M``oc >o d U
 

% <%"} {s s @Ls
L2 L N 1K

:   L $
1F7E G

fhg l p g [~vtl<u{xz[i}l9sxzjmjmlovt[\xzu+su{vt[\xzu[\iesl{uslCzi
{\$
[~ J
xv g lojmpe[i}l

J |
} 3
 E

q vWg loLusloxB\xzykusloEusibxBvmux fhg l+ itq|[\imlCxBvtuEjmvts[\yuE{xz[\i{isus[\it[~xxzvmjtjmxBy qs[[\ u0bz\u{jml lC%Eitsol;jtu{[\Ll;[\l;ii+u{xB ykg qsl;~u{lovtl;l*~ qsg jmzxzxqLvmlo[\j
E

u{;xzjmjmjtyk[\l;zib~[x;nzlovtjh[\xzvmu$x3xzv glv g l ~vtl;itjtqLu{l;vtvm[\jmnzzl<ussxzlovmu{itvt[[\vxz u {u{vm[~xBu6 [iH[~ ykeqLxBp img i}[\l;sjt\l lz fhhg [[ieiv g [l & @os[\jzv
Cu{Uxz[si}u{lykvt[\xzxu loikY[\u{jml l g z jms~= jml;z~[ivmu0[\*ykq{qsxjtxBloqsiwjmJ [\xzvtj3limuYo=\[\u{us{vt sjMhyq {g ivwlous|xBl ywol;l;usjtxz"x u% D fhg g [l;vml
 f

-
}

l;xzzjt|jtjmlbnYxz[\itjloxziep0yki gvlog vtxz[\lesywlC[,i+LLl;ykljtl;[ykiu{vxlhzl;lo[i us\l;g\jitloxBq{\u{<zit[\jmjtlCl;vtjtl;xzlC~BBkus[z;{ijtW{xBy~yklBCl;z{Bui}v{l;jti}[\vtusit[\yk<[\ylosjmvtjm[\xzxzvmujMl;@lz+.u{iml;ykv;qsEqsjmsl;\lhv[q{ykvm[~v xBlCg uzpeitq|s[~vjtxBg[\[~usuE v


pp gg [lovmjmllusoxzxz[u{itls[vmxz[~xBykusqL[~u{xz usl;[uEikv [\usg lzsiezu{xv3v xg pe[~us[~3us [\uvmxxBykywlCykzxBitsuHjt[\peus[~ v g lojm3jtxBojmxzi;uE vt[\uYfhsg xzl|ieuE{itzzywzloq{vw~l<Wl +Lq{lCv vCg
(itoloxzl u{it[xzlosjmjml;uslo [~u zl; xBsi}vm[ {vtjt[il;vm[\vm;i i@[ iCEv 6g sl;jtbloqxzejmlB9l; [v g xzlojjHgykjm[[\ii}vvmzzzl;xBusi \ CywzBxsel;~qslCq@ykElCz$sitsBjt[\us


l;jjtjmu|xzjCxzLyrxzj|itloxzyksiol lojmjmvt[<yk[\ojtxHit;\lnjm[\vt[\xzuusxzvq{jtxBq|l;jt\*ykxl;~lCYW{imi}[u
:   ; E$ 83E1 0|3 oCs. 0{h CL
fhg l<xzqsqLxBit[vmlWlYvtjmloykl<[ieuHlonzl;jtYp g l;jtlWxBu{i}vmuEvbxBjtjmlovm[~xBu
t @

{/ |
E2

ju|jxzu{y xBuYysy{lo|l;=j;{qLlzxB im{i} lCitit[~u{v g [ikxBjtjmlovm[~xBu {u{vm[~xBuP[iwslvtl;jtyk[\usl;0E= i}[\usz\l



poxg nlojmjml [\zu{[\lii}xBsyku{lvm[~jxBu u{phxBzy6iWuYosxzu{yit|[\sl;lojjmzl;u{ [\u=[Yil;itxzvtyk[\xzuPlBl vmslo +jmywxz[\u us[usivmxz[\usi}svmu{vt[\vtxz[\xzu{uzIjt0jjmlou{vmxBl;y



|jlou|sioxz y nxzzu|jt[i}[slo\l;jwi;v g fhlg jmlWzusu{xzusxByi}vm{vtlo[\xz u{z jt o xnzjt[u|lb{ u{ wvm[~p xBgulo|jmllCxzyklCi jmlW{imi}[u




-o

 | 


Z

p g lofhjml g l;itl[jmihl@v itg lolxzxyn[\jmuE[\zvtlou{jml;li}vty3[\usvtjmyk[~+xxl;\v ig [~l u+v g l; i;y3 i}l;~nBl;i;Bssv[\u+xBys[\u{vt[\xzu3pe[~v g





xzimv gl;Yjjm[~BxB[~u{jtjmloykvmx[~xBl;u[~suku|zl;vtxB[\xzi}u|vmiovtE[ixzvm[\yk;i ykitxzloukleyklz x{ loxziM{jtq{usq|l;lCjCz lzs {[ {v jtg l;levmxzi j [\;u{Yh jmsxBq{jMqsz/usz[\nz6 lo+ jt
xBj jtlCitit[\l ;BszYq%C6 0m
%j ( 

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


 Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{
st @  @ s {s s @Ls
BN1KP 0

vm u[~uYvsg xBlh[~{jiIi}xBv3~\peitxxz[\pe\yk"[\uslH|<lli}solCxzu{ykvt[\itxzqs[\su|\l;loiiwjmol;xzxz"jmMjtusl;e\xBlCuvtoU[\u{xz\ulo.Bv gsvtu{[\vnzvmlH[~xB u{xziIjmjmLlolo\xz vtus[\xzB_ u0[~ ussu{vmx vm[~xB u{i3 l;nzjmloljmYp xzgu|loi}[jmlhlojmxzl;us
F %N (H 5 L G N K

GE
E  E r

@B~vtxBv gjel;[\itihlH[\uEzvtjtjml*xq{{jlC*ykitlxwvmlov jmg ,[ ;l;v Y v g .lH oxzjmjt l; \9vt[\xzfhu g ~[l;ieus[iv vtg xwit[~=ykqss\xB[jkHitxzxBykywlHq|jmim[\itoxzu\[\us

:  !> EB 
fhlog vml z[~ioxz \\fhxpeg [~lWusitPq g[\i*lojmvm[zozl;.u xBjtjtjmxBloy vm[~xBuwv los jmu{u vm[~xBCu{/ 9isxzbjm[~qsBq%[~u|e/vtl@1/jtxB9ywp v g g lW[\ g xBu{[~u{i}[o~|l;jml;vtiH[\xzyku{ixzjmxl
{l;I\xz[ititloxz{u<uslCq{HjtxBilCiti; xzu pe[~v g [\uEvtl;u{i}[~v % xBu{it[\l;j%v g leivvm[~xBu{jmWjmzu{xzy
z

 p g lojml [~
 xzv g l;jtpe[itl
Z Z N5
R* ^  ^ 3

fhsg u|{i;vt[\ xzu [ie[iwz[\nzv gl;u+lYuYsyLloj3xz@qLxz[\uBvikpe[v g [\u s[\i}vmzu{l jmxzy fhg loxnzjt[u|l

 


p
Z
 p
Y Y[Z

xz\Ylobx usjmzBv g [~ |3i [\ik-Bitlo[~nBq{lozuPjmsxBYvtjl; v gYl nzxz v\sg fhyklg lol*xzxjmo@jtxzl;jm[\\uEjtl;vtvt\l;[\xzjmvtituH[\l;xzu{svti[\u{xzzuPvtjt[\l xzxz@u{oilovpjmxxjml<L.loxz Bjxz[\u{ykd lou{v itg [~l*xB u{soxz|ejmsjtit.l;q \gu|vtl;[\jtxzlCu i

jml;itq|lCvm[~nBlo\
# 5 `

{ z9 mgT 1_ .

[ q E2
^
d
_
{ " mgT y . joit[~u
y
^ [ d

d y



# E

k
g /

{ z mgT k .

k
1   { {
^ [ d E2

{ z mgT { .


k
^ [ d
d

E2

fh<gq{l<~xzovxzxjm.jtl;v \g l;vtit[\lbxzukxz{sju{itqvt[\g xzlou*jm[oxz*j | xz$jmjmlo[\ihvt[\q{xzujtxB{su{s\vtw[\xzv u{g ilWyku|3xBi}ve[\{zit{l;jt"lbM| <[~BosxzjmuElvmz|[~~u|ii itg xzxykpbli







it[~ysfhg l3vtlC*xBimjtjmloykqsvm\[~lWxBuq{vsg u{i; vt[\xzu . [i<itxzyklvm[~ykl;iW;\~lCv g l[\jmos\zjoxzjmjtlo


qLlovmuE[~xBvmu*it{q u{g l;vmjt[~[xBozu"zu{x*nv jmg [\zlu{oxzljmjtsl;\u{vtvt[\[\xzxzu+umsT u{y vm[~xBu . mT { [\ibitxzyklovt[\ywlCieoz~\l;*v g l
[ 
[ 

n\[fh*g [\ulwq|[~xEyki}[~l;vtu{[\nzi}lw[\xzu|lie||usl;[vmzloxBusu{lCitiv g [i@lB{lo{jus[\uEusvmlol;[\ywYl;u{ito[~xzxBu{ui} vtjm{vm[~xBu<Yxzyklzjtlq|xEitit[\s~


:   0 I
fhsg u|lvto[\xzsus[[Hi o Dxzjmjtzl;\Blovtjm[\u{xzu=Blo{u{;Bvm9 [~xBu Yq[iLo l;jtx |l;zxBu{ w sxBj v g loxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu N `

9 
{ V WO .
y k { w
^ [ d



d y



E

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i {
2

1.0
0.8
1

0.6
Correlation
1

2
3
0.4
5
0.2
0.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

[\zsjml|~B

 b FIHkhRQ\Oen[GOYShchRHk[nPRQ\SNJgLINBOkPRQ\SNBor ocS[TQTdE[\Q\NIHYo2|SBP2nQ\NIHedQjPRFmvuwluru
nNxdyl~}0 b SNBHYNlPRQTn[qOkShchRHY[TnPRQ\SNJMLINIOAPRQTSNIo9Q\PRFv#nNxdwfnhRH#ndBdBHedJgShOYS b nhRQ\ocSN
r BhRp
S HYN[\Q\NIHYo2|A~DGFBHOYShchRHY[TnPRQTSN[THkNI]PRFQ\o}vsJMShn[\[ ~

\[fhug [\i[~BsxzjtjmlWjmlo|~$vt[\sxz usu{vt[\xzu[iM[\~\{i}vtjvml;k[\u[\z{jtle| Wzu{3<itzykqs~l@q{v g [\ii g xpeu


i2
1.0
0.8

1
0.6
Correlation

0.4
0.2
0.0

h 0.0 h 0.2 h 0.4 h 0.6 h 0.8 1.0

[\zsjmlW{

?LIBQ\OsOYShchRHk[nPRQ\SNKJgLBNIOkPRQ\SNr ocS[\QTd[\Q\NIH|A~ b SNBHYNlPRQn[aOYShchRHY[TnPRQTSNKJgLBNIOkPRQ\SNBo


Q\PRF(Kv#nNxdwnhRHfndIdHedJgShOYS b nhRQ\ocSNr BhRS^}
HYN[\Q\NIHYo2|A~sDGFIHOYShchRHk[nPRQ\SN[\HYNB]PRFQ\o
vJgShn[\[ ~

: 
|3Y.;
;`< !
fhg l<lq|xBuslouEvm[\z oxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBuH[iblo{uslCHBi
{/ L ^@T
kWu nx
[

r
xzj-

k

E `
9_>54$6
 @\sYcZcsI\
1& N\
  Y Z$Y  " -Z\Y1 -c\ sIZ
C& NZ
,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


Y Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u @x{{{
[vmfhi [~xBg u{leioimk ozfhq~g[\usl {9Bszsvmjtxzlj [~i}B{ szjtzlklCi|[iv iMH gv [\g xB~\it{lovi}ukvtv jg i}xlWvtlCvloigYqLv vIg xzlu{v g loolbuE\Bvto[itxziWjm.jtxzl;\zloimvti[\xzq|suxBxEuslCloviuEvovtg xz[leu{i}vtoxB[~xzjtvtjmjmsjtlovtl;lW\vm vt[~xB[\xzuu~l;lousqLsu{lovug

r

d

[qsibl;jmxzuEusqLvxzlovjjtitvtusx{[\l;Bhi<lbMzxsjt%l3oykxzjmqs,[ +.jt\l;l;lo\ijmlovtuE[\xzv<3uwxzu{sjWu{v g svtl[\3xzi}u{loi igvmi xpepb[v ibg v og xzuEvbvtv[\uYg slw xz{xB ituB\vm[~uY gsz[~vusz [\ usu{ qsjm[,xz+.qLlolojmjtlovtuE[\l;vt [i; s%fh[\z\g[u{v[\ i


}

l
[~Bsjml|~ B<i gv g xlpbihoxzitjmxzjtyklCi}l<qLxzitzu{yks[~qsus~3lWoq{xzjmv jtg l;ie\vtxz[\jbxzu*[,+Lsl;u{jtl;vmuE[~xBvbunz[~i@{itl;xzihykxl vm[~yk l;i@o\\l;Hv g l
D g l;u

Wz{bitxzit[vtluv gxzjmv jmlovt[\xzuxBsjtjmu{l;itvmqL[~xBxzuu{sivtxwp g [~vtlusxz[itl@qsjmxl;imipe[~v g oxzu{i}vmzuBvz\xz{z


oxzjmjt l;\qsvtjm[\xYxzxu%xzxz %v g klqLxB it[~ vt9[\nzl<p g l[|g us[Lvmlolous\xzlCu{itihBi[ivtx xz{u{+ [\u g xYlouYLlojm ;z9  Bq%" E/

r


G E

1.0

2
0.8

1.5
0.6
Correlation

1
0.4


0.5
0.2

0
0.0


0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

[\zsjml{ s

 b SNIHkNzPRQTn[9OkShchRHY[TnPRQ\SN>JgLINBOkPRQ\SNBofJgSh t t otz~Tvu9t~ wzueYV


ov~ nNxd wz~
r)S[TQTd[\Q\NIHkoJMShtuIt~ yzu v~ tu v~ yzuxnNIdwz~ t~ |fDGFBHOYShchRHY[TnPRQTSN[\HYNI]PRFKQ\o}vsJMShn[\[ ~

:  : + CL 3s; (

fhg l<jvm[~xBu{n%E{Bjmvt[ xBjtjmlovm[~xBusu|vt[\xzu[iez[\nzl;u+Y


{ 9 9 H

E xBj 2


T  . y q W

ozxzu{g jm*xYjtl;xE\i}[\[\zvtus[\s xzjmulWv g \{lol \usCzimwov gig \[\xuspb [\ihzsi}zxBjmywlvtxz|l<j* *imzi zyk[\nzqsl;\lWi8q{uv 6 [~g \~ih_ |ixzvmjbjmsvt[[\+.xzlouBjm[~loxznBuEl;v i*v g lwxznjmozjmxz~lo{jmjtl;l;i;vt\[\ xzvtu2[\xzsu 9su{vvt[\xzv gu{li

'

d

[\u 9qsv lojm jmxEu xz ;x/9v sg Ylqq|xEi}6[~vt[\Mnzlloll{u{it[xwvmlouslCitziyk{qsB~i}l<lC3{ sxzu* jtl;qsjtlCi}l;uEvmvm[~xBu {~B; [\ixz{u{

9_ IZ
hYo&1 " IZ ?c\ csI\
$C& NZ
` Y \>Y  "  & 0e$ZcsIZ
C& NZ
,

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i B
2

1.0
50
5

0.8

1 2

0.6
Correlation
1

0.4
0.5
0.5
0.2


0.25
0.01
0.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

[\zsjmlw{ {

nPRQ\SNxn[WlLxndzh2nPRQ\O{OkShchRHY[TnPRQ\SN(JgLBNIOkPRQ\SNIor ocS[\QTd[TQ\NBHYo2|9JgSht tvu%tz~ wyzu


t~ yzuavuIwluByzunNIdyt~ b SNBHYNlPRQn[ OYShchRHk[nPRQ\SNJgLINBOkPRQ\SNBoQjPRFftz yzuavnNxdwnhRHndBdBHed
JgShOYS b nhRQ\ocSNr BhR^
S }HYN[\Q\NIHko2|A~DGFBHOYShchRHk[nPRQ\SN[\HYNI]PRFKQ\ofvJgShn[T[ ~

:  # g>Y $CL
fhgvm[~lxBuHykxsu{[~{vml;[~xBu{7i;lC itfhitlog lo+xzzjmjtjml<lolovt{[\xzusuklCH{Bu{i vm[~xBu{ihjml@jmlovtlCkvtxv g lWloYqLxzu{louEvt[.xBjtjml
{ 6 

[
t _
S
r
@
y xzj 



E2

p g lo[iMjml g xBitlo[uwi@i}v |g lwg ykv g xYsv [{lC 7l;imi}l; %{u{vmh[~xBuxzjxit[\ywxBjmq{s~lolej xByk q{fhg jml [\itxz u loi}qLl;lhlou{@sqslouEqLvWlou{imo[~z~[\us

vm@[~xBxuHvmfhl<g sv lg u{itvvmyw[~xBxYuxzv [\gihus xBlCsit i@u{Hx[\uv  g l9[\|imzsykjmlWqsL {\^@lT q| v g i@ [i sl$vtl;jtykYxB[\usywl;l<loEsHykv g qsl\l;Lihl xg IvnYg [\xzljxxB jtjmlov

[

[ 

s fhg lW\[~yk[~vt[\uskxzjmy xBjbi}y3\jmz{ywl;uEvmi[\i



y ? } _ S r
2
r

bsjykxpe[~av Evtl;zsu ;Ys %L{ { it{ g v g v A Bi {



im bvmxz[\i}vtlv v g g lWv xz\\j x pe[~uswjml;\{u jtjmlou{itxolv gjmlov vm[~xBu [iusxvBooloqvs\lz fhg l*l;jt[\nvm[~nBl;i
5 [

y + d

T y } W
_ d
y r

|o bxzlojms+jtjl;vm\x3ykvt[\|xxzpel u[~av {u{vm[~ykvm[~lCExBievmu loykBysl;{u-iuvW;Ii YL%Elw{l;ejmnzl l;jt%|sY[ p+.slog jmsl;lojtuE6 lvt[ {~lB@vt [\oywoxzlCi<j[\us[,+L l;jtvtl;x uBvm [\zxzsjm\xzl\\zxBjtjWP*sj| u{ vxBg y l

jBu{lCziolw&x{l;xzjtj jy vm[\i}{j}Bl;i; z {xz(j v jg lou yj _ ; {it B[\us 9lo Ypvtjmg loy yk[ g lo\_ 0z[\lonzjmlCjivt [HHpei}s[u{jt l
{
z
x j y


_ 5 [ w 5  df
_ `

5 [

' 5  7df
r r
` j 5  ' 5 



9_: * " |A " :  o c\csIZ
-& cZ
Y \?Y  "  :nN 0.I^] >ZcsIZ

&  cZ
,

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


B Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{

1.0
2
25

0.8
4
2

0.6
1

Correlation
0.5
0.75

0.4
0.25


0.1

0.2

0.065

0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

[\zsjmlb{

7SzdQ\IHed HYococHY[ OkShchRHY[TnPRQ\SNJgLBNIOkPRQ\SNIor ocS[\Qd[\Q\NIHYo2|JgSht tpyzoBt~\vut~ wylu


t~ yzuqvuawluu nNIdwyl~ b SNIHkNzPRQTn[ OYShchRHY[TnPRQ\SNJMLINIOAPRQTSNIoQjPRFtz yfnNIdwfnhRHndBdBHed
JgShOkS b nhRQ\ocSNr hRp
S }HYN[\QTNBHYo2|A~DGFIHOYShchRHY[TnPRQ\SN[\HYNB]PRFKQ\ofvsJgShsn[\[,~

[ .lofhjmglouElvtqL[xBsit\[~lzvt[\nzlxw[\lou{{ousjtj[~lCvtzlo itu{[~l;usim ieBxI z9yk[\%nzxYlC[~ykis[[\qs{u{\lCoY jt[~lCu{7zitl;v[~imusg i}Bl;~v%vgitxByklhjtjmxYi}lovtxxv vmg [~g loxBBjbuiitvms[\sj}u{i}B{vtj}[\lCxzioBu{ il[\i3jmlW3l;vmi}[~vmyksl;i
y 5  w
,+
5 y 


7df

\[\i g zlCyk qs[~~ul<{ |B ~xBy ;/9 bqsqe/E$/zwu{vlo jmu ;9/{eq6Yl;l z\itx
st @ Y" s} {s s @Ls
%N BN1K2zK 'L7L L N K

fhu g l;v g lHjmxBl~\q{xzpejm[~zu{yw loitvtxzl;jtyk[ ol*lClosEykv qsg \ll;iw xu{@zxEsito[~j\hvtjm[\usl %E sl;xBu{jtjmBlo vm.[~xBxBu=jzsu{vmlojmvtu{[\xzu{vm[~iknBlo\jm*lHYz[\nzv log u%l
F G

qLlojm[~x $ gx

:
$ CL " ?h$  eh o 
fhg lCi}l 7l;imi}l;|xBjtjmlovm[~xBuwsu{vm[~xBu{ijml@sykqLl;+xBim[\~vm[~xBu{io fhg lo3zjtl@sl{uslC+Bi
s

{ 9 - 1 } K K r

xzj 9 wzu{ 2
S T E


d '

fhitxzg ykllWjtlCxivmvjtg[lCvmi}[~lxBu3oxzxzjmu jtl;\[~vtyk[\xzqsu\[~lC{iu{lz vm{[~xBv u{g io v  <p g lou sI[\z{jtl{ <[~\\{ivmjmvtlCi


zjtl fhg l~[\yk[vm[~u{bxzjmy xv g l 7lCititlozsu{vm[~xBu{ixv g l{ji}vY[~u|WxzjIi}y3z~Yjmzsykl;uBvi



T z/
} ? $


S
W
d ed od

bsjykxpe[~av _EvmloBsu ;Ez %Ls{~B/ fhg {i <zi s


sxBj[\uBvmloBloj v g lqLxBit[vm[~nBll{u{[vmlouslCiti+[\i3xBYnE[\xz|ikjtxBy&v g ljmloqsjml;itlouEvmvt[\xzu


k

s 9 fhg lWqLxBit[vm[~nBlsl{us[~vtl;usl;imixzjejms[~vtjjm [ihl;i}vm{~[i g l;[\uz\xzy ;/9



5 [

qsq%{/ 91Y9 E/ Mu{H[\u v lo jmu ;/ 9sYq$ 9

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i 

1.0
10

5

0.5
2

Correlation 1

0.0 0.5
0.25

0
-0.5

0 2 4 6 8

[\zsjml{ s

 h2dQ\Nxnhc HYococHY[OYShchRHk[nPRQ\SNJMLINIOAPRQTSNIoJMSh9tzuItz~ wyzuIt~ ylu vuxwluIyzuBnNIdvYt~


 S PRHPRFxnPt yOYSQ\NIOYQTdBHkNIOYHQ\PRFPRFIH#OYShchRHk[nPRQ\SN(JMLINBOkPRQ\SNocQTN V XV~DGFBHfnNB]LB[nh
JMhRHlLIHkNIOkQ\o?vsJMShn[\[ ~

:
 ;`< ! |3Y.;g *! YB0; 
fhg l<lq|xBuslouEvm[\z~\+szywqLl;oxBit[~usl<oxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBu{iejml
{ 9
_ xzj 3zu{ {
oxBi y xzj 3zu{* 2s
E '
-

k
k xzj 3zu{ 2
r
FIm .|
k

E / N
E / 2

fhfhgg llwLqLxzlo{jm[\u{xYs i xzxBu usl39xzjh\$l @[ +.[i lojmlouEvb [\yklo u{iti}[~x*xBu{v ihg vWjmlbv gxBlksLu{xzs[\u|u siWjtz$l \%Exzsy [~jml; i@;/v 9g  v Bqs9/_

xBj` [\y zsjmu{lW { [~\~|b_ ivmjmxBvtj-l;iek v g lCi}l<xEito[~\\vtxBjtoxzjmjtl;\vt[\xzu{u{vm[~xBu{ibu|H[\zsjmlW{\y ;


&
Agx 0

i g xpbieitxzykl<itzykqs~lWq{v g iexzjb,[ +Ll;jtl;uEv w

:

 H =!E n "Eh *Z oCs/  :t

fhoxzg jm[\jtil;\oxzvtjm[\xzjtu+l;\svt[\u{xzuPvm[~xBsu u{ vm[~jmxBl;u imi}[\[\i3lkit;xzzyk{zloYvt[\qyw lCEi3/ jmllovbjmjm[iel;=lovm{x0usl;ziwBv gi lphnzlHxzj g xB~l@l +.l;v


{\  mgO Q i}[\u

E k xzj 

@[\xzvmsljmvlg |v *i mggO Q x pbib v g [\ ixBjt jmlo vm[~xBu  scu{ vt[\p xzu g [zg u{l;i}vmz[\szs\[\jmi lg |v g ~;l+qLi xBg itx[~vtpb[\nzi@lhitxzlyk{lu{[imvmloykuslCqsit\i;l

q| v g i@ xBjs[+.lojmlouEvqLlojm[\xY{io fhg lq|l;jt[\x xBuslo\l$e[ixzu{olzB[\uz[\nzl;uY

{~l<|~Bi}syky3jmxzIitxzykl<qsjmxzqLlojtvt[\l;ihxzv g lxBjtjmlovm[~xBu+{u{vm[~xBu{ibjmlWz[\nzl;uH[\u f 
gx

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


 Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{

1.0
10

0.5
Correlation
h
0.1
h

0.0
h
0.25
0.5

-0.5 h h

[\zsjml|
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

#DGFIHfHA b SNIHYNlPRQTn[\[j(dIn b HedOYSocQ\NIH{OYShchRHY[TnPRQTSNJgLBNIOkPRQ\SNFxno HYHYN b [\SPcPRHYd


QjPRF Xftz\vpo2t wyzoAt yzoevnNxdvetz~GDGFBH b HkhRQ\SzduIwqX9uIQ\ovsJMShn[\[ ~
1.0
0.5

sin
Correlation

0.0

cos
-0.5

h h

[\zsjmlb{ s
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

GDGFIHdIn b HedfocQ\NIHOYShchRHY[TnPRQTSNJMLINIOAPRQTSNQ\PRF b HkhRQ\Szdv ~ ISh*OYS b nhRQ\ocSN


PRFIHdIn b Y
H
d Y
O 
S c
o \
Q I
N G
H Y
O 
S c
h R
h Y
H T
[ 
n R
P \
Q 
S f
N M
J I
L B
N k
O R
P \
Q 
S #
N
j
Q R
P
F R
P I
F 
H R
o 
n
H b H k R
h \
Q z
S {
d 
n x
N J
d

vGQ\o<n[\ocS b [\SPcPRHed~
SPRHPRFxnP9PRFBHkFxnem}Hn b FxnocHocFIQjJMP9S- J %X B~

F} 8 e 0h 9Hs
-JL K JL 1K

ngxB[\zjmjt[\s[xzojm{xBl;uEiivm{xB jt3jmlovmx*l;ivm|[~xBz~;jtuk*l isg u{xu{p vm [~xBi}u{vxBgi;ykIll@nzit~l;[~j}yvmg [\s;nz\l`vtlC;lojml;ximi<loykYjmqsqLl \l;l vmq{ vtv[\xzg u+i fhz g jmu{l;l zg~s[xB;u{jt[[vtveo[\xBxznuBu{viYjme[\z[\u{uYlB lC i<_ fhg xBjmllj
usxzve\zB| gl;~lCim*yk{qsve\lv q{g l<v jmg lo\[loinzivmuBxzvejml;\louszBvig / im/o3\$l lW%B{[\ih[\y3[i}zvmjtBuEl;vW*q|[~xBu*[~uEv vg iolW |fhzgs[jmi@l;i;[iW i} &3o[~l;uEvxBj
}

ykjml;xBitxzi}v\imvt[\xzyku%qs\l<bq{\Mitv zg ykibqs{~lv@q{v g v lg ykixBjmi}lvbqs[\jtjmjmxYlosB{s\zlCjb{jmitl[~usi}\+[\ v g g vtlk\HimitykykxYlwx/ v /g 3l;q{itYlo+|v gxljmzzu{*xByx


uYsyfh|g l;ljmi;z~YBxz[~ykjm[[\v \g zyjexzxBjmj+jmlojvt[\pexzuk[~us {u{v g vml[~xBimu{ihykpeqs[~\\lLv q{g l;vjtgloixzjmolxzu{Bit[~nB[\i}lvmiit[~ykx<[\\zxzju|imivmykjt{qs\vtl[\usq{ v v g g iol
xz/ / v g +l3/ o/xnzjtx[nu|jm[\lzu{y3lvty3jm[vtjm[[~iW3xzxzvjv [\usg l;l<6 9Y$l {%Bi}{[\us[\H[i}v vmg lwuEvel;[~qLBxzlo[\uYuBnvio\ sfhlg sl;l;uHxBwykIi q|%BxE|i}[~jmvtl@[\xzjmu xExzxv
0

EGFIHKJLNMaO PIQ*RFISUTWV@XZO QMURLNQYXLNH\[1]FN^`_a_cb]e O QfWLNHgQh[@EijIk_Nblnmge F[hEGFaHKJPcoI[p/LNer tGuvnbIwIxyay|zI{UyI{Ujaj


@x{{{ W|itit[\zu*bzu{xBy[~l;\{ieu{ xzjmjmlovt[\xzu*ssu{vt[\xzu{i Y
f s\lW{\z ?zLInhcfSJ b hRS b HkhcPRQ\HYo9SJOkShchRHY[TnPRQ\SNJMLINBOkPRQ\SNIoY~

ShchRHY[TnPRQ\SNJMLINBOkPRQ\SNIo x~ nh2nK~[noco nHYSK~ Fxnh2nOkPRHkhRQ\o6PRQ\OYo


FIQjPRHNISQ\ocH rx~\v| H t HkhRS#h2nNI]H
a
<m}HAhcFBHkhRHOYSNIo6P2nNlP rx~ w| B N INIQjPRHh2nNI]H
b FBHkhRQ\Oen[ rx~ 
r nldx| #um J QTNBQjPRHsh2nNI]H
%

LIIQ\O rx~ l
| d %QTNBQjPRHsh2nNI]H
W
0 b SNBHYNlPRQTn[ rx~ y| #uI H ZzPRS
nPRQTSNxn[#l Lxndh2nPRQ\O rx~ }
| #uI H
SzdBQjxHed HYococHY[ rx~ 
| uI
# ZzPRS
HYococHY[ SJ*v~z Q\Nxd rx~ }
| 9uB n b HedSocO~

n b HedOYSocQ\NBH rx~ }
| 9u n b HedSocO~
a
n b HedocQ\NIHrg*nem}He| rx~\vet}| H n b HedSocO~
^
N\
f , ,
oo
+c @\sY$ p
s
3 6(  " c
@\ e&1
&x *1 3hI '
3M 6(    | 1  |1 Z5 " c " Z #IZ #=|IG 
6 '6 (a _| 1  - 7@IZ #=>|h 5 " c " c\ #IZ #=|I 
6 " 6(  " +c  @\sY1 (|A 1 > @I\ #=>c
" " c " c\ #IZ #= I=5
6 6 (   hY Z -  *$ >hI ',

vqLg xBlit[~vt[\xxznu+zjtp [g u{[\ogly3[\\vtijm["xzjh fhnzl;g jt[kieit[\ihywykxYxzxBv jtg l<imi}vmyk{qs~l\l@v q|g vu*g viogUli}[\vmuYzu{vtslusjloEvmg [~xznB\l@l;itloY[\zl;uYnl;zoxz~{ywl;i
lon;sz{~zsitlCl;v<io q|YjtvuYsjmykxzylojm[\;v glk[~ywu{B[\usooxBsjjmuYBs[\ykl;ilojm[jmolwIitlqsvWjmxzvm{x ~l;;yklojmiWx{;fh{gitl;lkit[~Yysv \gvtlw[\xzusu loE\vtz[\xznzjmlw[~v log [\yzl;u[i

EGFIHKJLNMIO PIQ-RFISUTWVWXO QWMURLNQYXZLNH\[]FN^`_a_cbd]e O QfWLNHgQh[Ei,jYkY_cb lnmge F@[$EGFaHgJPNoI[qp9LNesr tGu,vnbYwaxGyIyUza{|yI{UjIj


 Ilov}vtl;jbbsj g y3i}l;u
 @x{{{

n=1 Range:
1

-1

n=2 Range:
1

-1

n=3 Range:
1

-1

n=5 Range:
1

-1

@atHI f4 ?|| 


   ?4  
    ^|   p !}| pq# "  [^|  0| $"&%7|^'^|

  +?( )?* ^ ?+ t# "( |, -

Range:
1

-1

@at I/ . 0It^4 4?12 3*| 1/  [4 '(%7J'5zG|4 


+63ts^7 |4 8 29t:2z ;^| 4 </  [4 X7=# t> +?
@ AB  ^
7 ![7@74 0C#Dq3f?7FE 29t:2z HG
?
I  ^,


JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e} II-.b~ z [
 ' /BB-:} @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B-


= 0.1 Range:
1

-1


= 0.5 Range:
1

-1


=1 Range:
1

-1


= 1.5 Range:
1

-1


= 1.9 Range:
1

-1


=2 Range:
1

-1

@atRI/.B.t t^4 %P?29t:q| 


   ? ?


@  _ ||8:%729t: q ^-^|


 +?
@ ,,@ ,@ AB
?


? *p ?4#" |, Q

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


0 78[^'s
|e} II-.b~


= 0.1 Range:
1

-1


= 0.5 Range:
1

-1


=1 Range:
1

-1


=2 Range:
1

-1


=5 Range:
1

-1


= 25 Range:
1

-1

@atV+.b40G? s^I  ts^|</  J? ? 


@ @ ,
   @ ? m^4!p}^47G?sW   |83
a ^(  3s^ ,
( |  
8 || 2^|  
 (=#4 >  

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e}II-.b~ z [
 ' /BB-:} @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B- .

Range = 0.1 x period:


1

-1

Range = 0.25 x period:


1

-1

Range = 0.5 x period:


1

-1

Range = 1 x period:
1

-1

Range = 10 x period:
1

-1

Range = 100 x period:


1

-1

@atDV+. t^4 4J?64,^|^| 4 1


 %70-
]LIf4  q ^I ^Q f  +I#"+|  7 m  
?

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


78[^'s
|e} II-.b~

Period:
1

-1

Period:
1

-1

Period:
1

-1

Period:
1

-1

Period:
1

-1

Period:
1

-1

@atV+.^I t^4 0J?<^4,'|4(| 6


  %7A
8,I
?

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e} II-.b~ z [
 ' /BB-:} @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B-

X8  6]6er;;e];](11m

&8

I
F 28B/ 
_B,2}tm
0/ <)I ~f/ } :2t+ 
 - [+ 
|
F} ] 2Q}:-?-
X]} :



t
-}/7 -sI[[+-I2X]}[8
+} *9Q-][/}B-;t[m(} Q}2}B
8B+/* [B[+II

m} -[/ ^F
*
-}B/ 
t
-
[/ }B _(2QC0Q 0  B/ (
}6^
 
_C Q_0- 0 e d ^QI0Q

J8F2}B X]2Q}:'
F2}
| +[^2[

^
b 
vd h ^
h


X I/H}tF2* [8 8 sHt 


:_ &0- 0 d ^-
'
vd
 ^b$
d

X I


:^ e  ^
d
Q

'B V^8 +- s
^ }+ m[Q .p ~B:I # 4/+[
'}+ ; j* 0
//':}V2 } -QaX2}BQI+*[+[^[/}B /IQ} [8[-2- ^ 8QH}tC}B


} --+/-b0Q 0B0B0-.t&F--B BI
-[ H}tF

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


78[^'s
|e} II-.b~

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e} II-.b~ z
 ' /BB-:} [ @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B- B

e;eX

 
    "!# $ ^ &%(' )+*-,#,/.0,21 3 '54768:9;'54=<?>@'BA


CD >E4=< , F   [  G  ?  [ IH z KJ t@L t W


+ / ' e}
X

X
Q. ~ ,

-Q
8 /}B- S' /Q|
8 C} Lo. 0 Q

MNO&QP QR p TS68VUQ8 , 9W8:4YX[Z ,\1(] ' )^, 9_C`<?8EA )5F a cb% a
. BQ.b, B} Q + 8 :}B-

| KJ t@L
8 C}
LQB0(Q

MNO&P R ^t
' [ 
. [  Ed [
0 ]e [ [
/ 2}: -, +} 2}(8}B / +B -:- / } :


/ (H} t t  t [ I [ `e 
 [ gf t
-
 s^[a
}:  , -}  }BQ} Q .b:

H   [ ih I 
S- 4 : *}B [ [ j
7 z W
8 /  

8 ebF o:. 0(Q

k NElnmopW`qr p
td v
2 u @tL  Wh
t   s
W
7
I
[ ^ ? w x 
tt I
. ~BB, &}  < s ? z
/ I

a  f[
62
2} 2 IB-


2}B +
m-B2

} 4H}
} Q 8


2}:



u ^yL a W [z

} 8 8 - . L.b~

k {NON^ {|/N^}lo~ ^ BIX ,+* ' * <{A<{4=Z' )3 8-' F D}Xy8 0 +a b% a


| KJ t@L
8 C}
L: BQ
. B ] 8 ' Q }BQ + 8:}B-

k &   ^ O8->:4YD}X@8 F, C , D}X[<?8EX 4g8BX@'5A F f[  x   [ f[


?  0 V
+- ]2}B:| a
. ] /- ]} e

 4 

 7|E O|+  ^ z st   a   [ a


. ] t[  72 t[ 2}BQ 8 }m 2 /2 +Q ]}
- B- +

Qr'54g8:X ] 8 FE, D}X: ] 8 F w Ez



} tt 
}: / + $B, . :B

 7|E O|+ pt ] ' )^, 9C`<?8:A )V3,/) 8EA F < 'BX[4{6>E<?8 >-8 F
? oH z
2 GG ^ W
S' /':
. B,

B}-

:~ (Q
Ie B

 &$ M}  &P  ^ }4'B4Y< , '5X[Z(' )"] 8:A'54g8 ) 4 , >@6' F 4=<?>
X , >@8 F-F 8 F a $%

b 
}BQ J yL z W / :}B- Q|
. ~B,

C} LQ -

|/|/ {$ ^t 4g'54=< F 4Y<?> F1E, X B'54=<?'5A'54g' }a ;%
. -.] b  J J t@L  }BQ / :}B- | 8 C} L

B0B0QW

R  . ^ ] 4 , >@6' F 4=<?>X , >-8 F-F 8 F Ta b% a }BQ + 8 }B'8| _J t@L C} L

(QW

WMo k  ^ S68rS68 , X[Z ,\1 X ,^* ' * <{At<{4YZ  [ f a   I


. , m /  QQ / / m} /

KJ t@L#
| 8 C} [ 9 ; [ $uG -L ^^
-
  2}B -
 '

WM|/ nl o!   Pol+ { !` p S' * A8 F;,\1 48+Xy'5A F- 8:X[<?8 F- ' )
X ,#) D>:4 F:" , X[Xy8->:48 ) ' ) A'BXYO8 )"Q) <{4=< ,


  f[ H z 0J t@L#
. BB0 ,

8B 8 /F
 S- /B| C}

R "M  |#  ^ S' 1 8:A %, 68:Xy8:X`CD }. 4=< , 8 + S' * A8 F


,\1 %<t#68EXoCD >:4Y< , F  ^u c I&  z [t s

B [ [ t
: B
. B 0 ]

B QQ
2


 +
2-O : 

Q. Q W Y u a It
+ + -B

RN $$  {[ |^ R ^


? oH z e
2
'

S' / W
3 < < U8 ,F 4g'54=< F 4=<?> F
} -:}BQB0B0Q
. ~ ] e B

I} m ^ iIX ,+* ' * <{A<{4=ZS68 , X[Z   :d 4 h  [ 4


. ~ , ,& 2 - 2 / 62 8
8


  t^
Q'  t(H t KJ t@L
/ 2/ S- +'| 8 C} L Q

 Nn` $ {Nn|/ R p



s    I
 [ + . B B, F * 2 + ---X ]-}H} e + :

[
/ /}B c }B I [   Ht  
-Q}B   /Q r'54g8EX
- /  /  +}  , 2BL 8Q}:o/

] 8 FE, D}X: ] 8 F  zz ttI o. ~ L.

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


78[^'s
|e} II-.b~

M `iqr q; &R&; k {lo&R& ^ q 3 D}A4=<{'BX[<?'54g8 '5AtZ F < F


8B   f[ H t e
8 /*

 W S- + }B':}B

. Q
. ~ ]

}    k  ^ [ z [
. B0 ]m-
 [ a 


 /}B 2}'B
}: /B-)2 Q-
8


+}   a
2}(}B t [ } Q 8  a  [a [
+ H} F 8:- }2 X2Q + /  /}B-

h 9n nL yL  I [ [ [ Qu & I 

 Q /B-  8 72 8- B} H} 2 + +- + Q FB- |e}  /

t
-} s z vH
(   [
    W W G  [    I
S' 4 : m X. 6Q C 2 / 8 Q-

h ^ p
6 . BB

}    k  ^ &+'B4Y<?'BA'5X[<?'B4Y< ,


. W@
.Q [
. B ,

I a  P
 ^


[  = ^ zH z u ^ a
+ /}B)  P [ [ t
QQ /
 ;-

+. B 072
::

/


Q}
S- /

(
 +

2

H [ [ [t
S- + Q

}  $ p s  [ [ }



. ~ , 9  F a  [/ +-
':}B --, +} -C'2 I-Q
8 /}B- /

) 5' >@8 F < +AX ,^* ' *   z I B

 {`    pNn( " p 4g'54=< F 4=<?>-'5A`C`AD}< )v3 8->@6' <?> F:3 8:
*

>-6' <?> F,\1 SD}X * D}A8 >-8 } = ThrH ?  t }h


8

 [
;}B -:QF
. ~


,

28-B / B 6 2B
- ]2

~ (Q W

~" {|E NOnlo k 


H t JG a
S- +C:B
. pt B,
}-I +H}
B8->E4=Xy'BA 5' AtZ F < F ' ) S<{9;8T8EX[<?8 F
a t2/-B0QW at  a  
/-/+7 QQ / 
-e B

+. B-.

? 2
p + }
}B Qa  ^

PM {   ^ +CD >E4=< , '5AB 'BAZ F < F Bh  jJ ^u +L


. ~ , "H t J 7  bF +/ }} m}B-B S- +| 8

C} J yL t W LQ ~*-

 `!R p ' s h [

a [
. B I 9
8] 8 /1- -8}BQ ] +}BQ}B}B Q-,


+} -8/  '5A 3 '5476 ) Ez t t ]QQ.B. -.

 `W!TR ^ * s h [

s [   [ 9
. B [
] 8 /<- -'} + 7 ]- + 7 Q-] /}B- +

SXy' F  9W8:X: 3 '5476 , ># #z I



_ ] B

 p
f[ I[ t h
 -
] ' )^, 9C <?8:A )5FE '5AZ F < F ' ) Z 4768 F < F IhrH
 [
. BB ,


W 6B22B
- ]8B Q
F 

N$$ ^ 3 D}A4=<{5'5X[<?'54g8UQ8 ,5F 4g'54=< F 4Y<?> F  t^  tH t


. ] / 2/ S- +

u  a j ^ 
2 + W
/ + - Q

} |# $$ ^ S68 , X[Z ,\1$ 8 F@F 8:ACD >E4=< , F


f[ }e W }B':}B
. B ] I[ tVx  ^ [ 


2 4

pNO( $n ^ ' &, X[Xy8:A'54=< , S68 , X[Z ,21 4'B4Y< , '5X[ZT' )I] 8:A'54g8 )] ' )+, 9

: . B

CD >:4Y< , F ' F <?> ] 8 F D}At4 F I[ t^  +


,

 [ [  =
^ z m
/  

/2 /
8 :
/ 


S-H t KJ t@L +'| 8 C} L BQ


pNO( $o ^ * , X[Xy8EA'54=< , S68 , X[Z ,\1 4'B4Y< , 'BX[Z' )] 8:A'54g8 ) ] '

. B ,

)^, 9CD >:4Y< , F y D#^A8:9W8 4g'5X[Z , 48 F ' )T] 8 1 8EX@8 >@8 F    ? Q + F  /

 [  t^
 /
8 '  t(H t KJ t@L / 2/ S- +'| 8 C} LQ (Q

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e} II-.b~ z [
 ' /BB-:} @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B- ~

] 18

V+. Qz2}&2}B[a };]}[8


+} 9Q-][/}B-
H4H444H4 ~

] ](;

+.
 8^2BzQQ'}Q-Q}B]}[8
+} e9--,+} *H}t8}B [/Q}t'B(
Q *''  H44H44H4H4H444H4H44H4H444H4 .^

x
 Q }t- -QX} 8}t[ /[/ }B9Q ',[/ }BH} ]} + Q }- FBQ --0
x
 Q }t- -QX} 8}t[ /[/ }B9Q ',[/ }BH} ]} + Q }- FBQ --:.
 m}B-z
} V8 }^8 '} -QmH}tX ]} [/ - }t- BQ --F'I
Ed :'} 8 / B]}t8
[/ }B 9Q -][/ }B444H4H44H4H444H4 :.

I+. V ,2 B8 -[+ [a H44H4H4H444H4H44H4H444H4 z

V+. Q^[
8B]}t8
[/ }B 9Q -][/ }B- 444H4H44H4H444H4 .
-

V }Q 
*]}t8
[/ }B9Q -,+ } H4H444H4H44H4H444H4 .
-

V &d :'} 8 / B]}t8


[/ }B9Q -,+ } -N44H4H44H4H444H4

V + } -- 2 [
8}t[ /[/ }B 9Q -,+ } - 4H44H4H444H4

h
V 1}:4 u V 2s ]}t8
[/ }B9Q -,+ } - 4H4H44H4H444H4 t
V 2 u
/ -t 2[8 ]}[8
+ } 9Q -][/ }B-4H4H44H4H444H4
G
V#~ B( 8} [+ * 8}t[ /[/ }B9- -,+ } - 4H4H44H4H444H4

G
V B( [+ I ]}t8
[/ }B9Q -,+ } 44H4H44H4H444H4

V :Qa* -2-F+ 1-/ 8}t[ /[/ }B9Q ',[/ }B'4H444H4


V+.0:Qa* -2+ 1Q 


*]}t8
[/ }B 9Q -][/ }B 44H4H444H4

V+. .:Qa* Ed
-2-F+ & :}B / B]}[8
+ } 9Q -][/ }B- 444H4
V+.b:Qa* -2-F+ &2 [/ }B-Bo' B / ]}[8
+ } 9Q -][/ }B-H4H4 0

V+ .:Qa* -2-F+ 1Q ]} s/ * ]}[8


+ } 9Q ',[/ }B' 44H4 .

V+ .^ :Qa* -2-F+ 1Q [+  8}t[ /[/ }B9- -,+ } - 444H4

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


78[^'s
|e} II-.b~

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e} II-.b~ z
 ' /BB-:} [ @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B-

;]

eQ 
[/}B'
z [  9 [ ^z z


] ]} [ t
8
 +} Q-] /}B^2] t[  ]} ]} / -} - ]} ]}
- B

iz [  [ 9 [ Iz   zD

: / / : /}B Q', /}B I -
} /} }
  2B-:} 8

t -} ^ 2} ]} z   s  V
'  ] X 8

 [ = tQ0

a [
B-}B : a zp  [ [ 
}; 
B } + /}BQ8} } 2 +-

 [^  [d-

]   /- X}& [ z [  V 8'  /}B ,}

 u t [ r  

2 } 8o ]2 + e

 Wu t [ p }

8 ]  t  -} 2}

 r
8/ F}B] z t[ t + C
'

   7  7


98}  W Q-, +} 6 b, m



[ ^ + [  s t }

8} 8'} Q+
+ - /}B'L} ]} 

[ @ a V - a V -
+ 
8} 8'} }B 2 8 m 8
2 8 m 8

a
u x  t a ^ t 
8}

8-} FH} a ^ 
X B X}  6 u x B } 2

  ^    ^ 

[ {

m} [  W
]} 8
 +} a W 2Q -2

m}
8} a 2Q *'B



[ z  a 2Q '} + /

y
]
B2}; /}B' 2, /

 I a t * } - + 4-

 f ^Ed  ]} Q 8:e

f ^
]}

 @ I  r
]
B2F} /} Q] +

f ^:d   8}B : 8:e0

f ^ 8}B

" { :d V [ W : ,2 /}B

at  t Iu t [ "
S Q } 8 ]

y 2  [  [: - + 8 / 8- /}B-B

 ( ?  [ ] 

?   s 9 [ W
 , 2B 8' + Q-] /}B

Q =  I V [
} Q , :

= % I V [  [ 9  W
Q
} Q ,  8- 4 Q-, +}
9
 Q-, +}  W
u [ 9 [  8L Q', /}B

I
}: u [ 9 [ W + 2 8L Q-] /}B

7 ; o L ? y5  u

y2x}2y

7 D:d V [ 7
u y2x}2y
b : ,2 /}B}

I  a  [[
} - / 4 B

 [  [ - + ]S / 8- +} -

I  a  [
} - 9  W / 4 8- 4 Q-, +}

f    }   7 ^ 2}B-B / +}

8

[ f a
L t[ [8} 9  W / /}B Q-, +}

/ - +} - -]
B

t-

[t- d
t[ @  ^[H r
8}

:

}B - 4eQ /

7 t[ 7
y b
' }

(  [t-
d

s
2B-'}  t t
,2} F} X

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


0 78[^'s
|e} II-.b~

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


 1

MNO&P tR
o. o. o.~ L.^Q /z : Q
}B[2}B
 F 8-8 /}} 
]}[8

B+}  [[ +]}B +Q}-8o. + } 9Q-,+} -
B+} [[ +#8 /BQ ' Q} : z
[  0 t
Bt-/tm 9  -] t } + //[/ -5z 
B
}B[2

t[

}BBL. 0
} / 8 -[/ }B-BQQIB B QB
} [4

2
 *
}B [a #z
] -I4 B
- ~
~

t: }B8}t[ /[/ }B*9- -,+ } F 8-8


8}t[8 [8 -t2 BQaB L.B.

[/ }B9Q -][/ }B Ed :}B / B^Q 0
t: }B8} z/ B- 9Q -][/ }B F 8-8
C]}

t[+
2[/ }B-t 
' 9Q -][/ }B ]} + + B-B
2 }B [a z - :B0
k NElnmoprtqr o. ^  ][  -[4 9- -,+ } t
u [ [ 9
 8L Q', /}B  ][ -8  [8
[/ }B:B
4Io-t-:B-
} ]}[8
+ } I8 }t2 B
8}t[ /[/}B9--,+}  ]} t[
-B

}L

} . / -o' ]} t[
- 9Q ',[/ }B

8}t[
/[/ }B9- -,+ } t }B[2 }B
L.0

k {lR
Q
o. . } [4  * ] -I4 B -
k {NON^ {|/N^}lo~
Q- Q.b~: ~: 2[/ }B-t 
u
}:Q^ I8 }t8 -B ]} t[
-e d [ oQQ.
k &  

-B } [4  * s + S] -I4 B
~:
u
} [ s8 ]}

t[
- 8 -}t o. --B

}B[2 }B
L.

t [/B8}}t+'[[ 'B
V &$ o. -z- -
t- ]}[8
+} 9Q',[/}B 
|#|: {$ QQ 
t-  S:Fz G+  - a4  - 2 } 28} t[
'F 9Q -][/ }B. -:
'z B,/ [
e9Q
-,+ } 't - / *8}t[ /[/ }B9- -,+ }  0
mI8 : /  -
B+ Bo. [+ +Q
[ 2Qa -2
 7|E O|+$ BQ -B BQ.  : I $-B
B-: ~Q
-/t]}t8
[/}B9Q-,+} I 0

]:8 F 8-8
V^[/ }:

8/ F}B&8}t[ /[/ }B9- -,+ } -8 ~ QB(  8} [+Ie]}[8


+} 9Q',[/}B
} } 
:B0
/
+ } -z2 BQ [+ +Q
[ 2Qa -2 .
8}B-[/ + a+ ]} -+ [/ }B QB( *[/ C ]}[8
+ } 9Q -][/ }B
8}B-2B X8}t[ /[/ }B: [+ +Q
[ 2Qa -2
8}B [/ + B. $9Q -,+ } -
2 }B-B/ + Bo.
+ ^[ [ 8Q


/z F 8@8

 2' zB L. o.b~ L. 2  0t Ba8 FI /
}@2 B-:}BI8
Q o. aB IX }t ^ Q
}&B(- z
-- . : ^[ [
/ + Bo.
[  a8 ]} -+ [/ }B- o.  B2- zB -B Q z
}*+ } -z2 ]}[8
+ } 9-
-, }B
}B[2 }B
&]}[8
+ } e9Q ',[/ }B
[/
}B-

8}}t + '[ Q a
}B2Q *-2-8- Q #z
8}t[ /[/ }B 9Q -,+ } s e]}B'4+} - -


}[2 }BI/ B.0 G
GB$9Q
-,+ } -

Q.
78[^'s
|e} II-.b~

2' B[Bo.0
Q I/B 0
R  o.b~:- Q ]} s/
Q [+  
a
+ +'} F 8-8 /QB^ B
}B[2}B ^[ / B/ + B-
I a8 -:} I /o. Ed
QQa 5z
Qt
f- ]a/ Q}o. 0 Ed
:}B / B^' .
f- ]a/  -BB Q h  6 2 
8 Q }4 u I } [8 L9- -,+} 
:d : s/ }Bs8 2 . Q}BQ$^ [ B z  0
:d  ]2[/ }B } 2/ +
+ I- Bz t
:d }BI8 [
B8}t[ /[/ }Be9Q -,+} :. V 2SQ
8$ 0
q-
Qt- : - . 2 }B [a z QB0 :B
[/
Q
 B(- - 2[/ }B-B- B / B

-I4]S+ -s/}B'
[/:+} ''~
BQ* ''8 z
 ][ -8  [8 [/ }B
8}B-4 + } -F}B
:d
/ [ - - ~
-/

QaB
$
I- .8
0

2 B-/[/ }B/ z/ B 


X+ [* Q}/ [B Q
-}t^ [ -H}t2 -
/}} / 8} t[
' 9- -,+ } . 0
^2 [+ } H} +Q
/ /-QB0
/}} /  -Q}BI /o. 0
-}t^   4
/ 2 B^Q
'}B[ / B  ,2}t I8
o'
t-[
]}t8
[/}B9Q-,+}  /} } /  ':}B ]}tC I8 z

o. L.
t-[
2B-:}BV8
o-Q'~
/} } / * ,2 B
[/ : + } 9Q -,
:d
/ [ - Q [/ }B-
8 }B/}t BL.B. /} } L. 0
8 } 2[
/ 8QBQQt
M` k  Q
RN $ Q-Q t
2  mI /'BQ-
q; &Rt; I Qo. .

?E
d
} 2 -B


}B/(} B} }



 8-    }t8
H, I
e
Q}

Q} } tt 8 }- }2B-:}BV8
o F 8@8
[
-/ -H}

}M  &&tP 
t2:

z
[/
}B-t  -Q}B I / o. - --

 {[ |^ R -QQ


  t
/ 
'B

:2
}B/}tB  n mi -

/ [2B 0 Nn  $ Q

e 8 [t 0M `qrt$ Q. .

 BQ - 0}    k  z &.BBQ -oQ.Bo :o ~:

[a8 + t 0- Q

/ [2 [/ }B F 8-8 2}'B[


&+ [^t 0} ` Q

[/ }B 12'z8}B [/Q}t- o. L.b~ L. /z



}B[2 }B
]}t8
[/}B 9Q-][/}B.0 12' z #8 [
QaB
- :-B
u F []   B[ Qa 9Q -,+ } -
u  [8 L9Q L
',[/ }B}Bm.t / -oIt 8[ }t2 }B/}tB :Qo.B.
}t- -Q ' ~: 8[/ *- B o.0
/}}^ : ~ (}:+ u
I 2s Q9Q ',[/ }B F 8-8"u
2s
t- B  9Q -][/ }B
 - /t  0 (} 8 t  +  9Q -][/ }B'
8}B-2B Qt  {     L. -o.

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj


|e} II-.b~ z [
 ' /BB-:} @ /-X-6m}t8
[/}B'Q-][/}B- B

+Q+[
+ -s/}B'W-Q}B I /.
[+
+Q

[2Qa-2 0

+Q+[/Q}t2o2}B-B/+ -s+B'  a/ +} :


:d
:BQ 8 z
I [ [-, - ~
a8
-/ [^t $:
|J8F2}B X]2Q}:o PM {`  -

-}B:S+ } -z2 2 B-:} I8


o.b

-}t2 . 0 a 9
2Q --, +} - 
?- 8
 o.0 a
2Q '-

t8  ,'-Qt 8}B [/4 o.

:d
:BQ 8 z
'  z ][] Q 2Qa }t/ -B
8 SQI/ ]}[8
+} e9--,+} 2Qa - B Q
0
:Q} - F]}  ][BQ-.
/ }t'  `!#R -.B-~:'.0Q:Q. :

&}/ 2}B I }:  0 Q


&}/ 2}B IQ /[* 2 }: 2 [8-t2BQ]}[8
+} 9Q',[/}B.B.

} [+ [/ }B- [8-t2BQ-:} I /o.b~


} [+ [ 8 -+ [ 9Q -][/ }B' [8-t2[/}B ]}t



]}[8
+ } 9Q -][/ }B~ Sat8 I2 -B
4 8+ } :B0-QB [++Q /[ 2Qa -2-8I

]} z
- 9Q -][/ }B' [+ +Q /[/ }BQ

 ][ -8  [8 [/ }BB -B] $[/ o.B.
} [+ [ 8 -+ [8 I 28Q -/ B  zB :
}8 [
 ]}m V8
o'B V ,[ 8 -[4 9Q -,+ } t
~" {|: NOnloi k  - V ,[ / [+ I: [/ }B9Q -][/ }Bz
I} -/a4 8-[49Q-,+}
V ,[ -8 I[ s + } Q
I} -/a4B[[ Q }B[2 }B
&]}[8


+ } 9Q -][/ }B
I
} -/ a4  - B
Q 
+ s/ }B H}t2 Q
QQ
} [4  * ] -I4  9Q -,+ } - '
-  ][2Bo.b
2[/ }B-t 8}t[ /[/ }B*9Q ',[/ }B
t

':}B V8
o- 
+ s/ }B H}t2 Q
QQ 0
]} +

]}

 +Bo.
z
-B
Q

t[
}B S/ -[+ } -$:BQQ
^[ / B/ +B-B Q
8o8}t[ /[/ }B9- -,+ }  0
 a8 o.  Q
z  0
Ed
: ,+ } 8 2Q^[
8B^ 0
z- 2[/ B-~ [+ +Q
[ 2Qa -2
/} } 
L. 0 2-* ]}[8
+ } 9Q ',[/ }B- .
Q +[
/ 8 -[+ } -$o. 2+ } -z2
Q}BQ2[/ }B-t '.b 
/ [/ ]s -s 
s -z - .~ *
/
* s -[B I
+ } -z2 B 2+ } -z2  -:} I /oV
z/ B-  4 / [2 B^Q


,}
 L. }:-B[
+ t + } L. -

^2 [+ } - '. 8}B

^[8 -?+  (- t[ B
':}B 9- -,+ } - }:-B[
2 } 28:
':}B ]}t I /. [

9Q
-,+ } -
+ } -- B / ]}[8
+} 9--,  ]  ]}B'4 + }
[/ }BQ  ]  }8}t[ /[/ }B9- -,+ } I

JLK2MONQPSR2T U2VWQK2Y;Z8[8\_T V8R;WQPSV\^PSM$` aQKSceddfaQg T V h8PSMHV` Ji+jkdfIlonHg K]`JLKMHNQUSp2`q PSgs tLu+vofwxLy2y;z{Cy2{;j2j


t
78[^'s
|e} II-.b~


}[2}B .0
-   F 8[2B.b
[8 'z QaB
L.B.
2[/ }B-t[+ B


8-} t
8} z/ B- '.Q-B

I X}2^ QB


}[2 }BI/ B.
}B^[  -B

T |/   

 

IQ - 28 } Q
I+
 -B-Q -
:d
QQaB QB

 o. Qo.b:o.

z
-B

,2}tI /o.

F 8-8 a  z

,2}tX
-BB
* +  -B 

Nr 0

} |# &t$ : ~

F

]}[8

+ } 9Q -][/}BV
aB F9Q-][/}B'B

X+ [*
-}t
s -:.B-BQ:Q. Q Qt
b%a8 ^ 
 / 2/   }t8
-z
{NO|#`R QB

pNO( $ o.B~: IQ. Qo.^-- :


BQ -

JLK2MONQPSRT U2VXWQK2Y;Z8[]\^T V R;WQPSV\_PSM$`baQKSceddf<a-g T V h8PSMHV`]Ji/j2k,dSfmlonHg K,`JLKMONQUp2`rqBPSg4s tLu/vof2w2xyyCz2{;y2{;jj

You might also like