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The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning.
Maklumat berikut mungkin berfaedah. Simbol-simbol mempunyai makna yang biasa.

1. v2 = u2 + 2as 14. = constant

2. a= 15. E = mc2

3. s = ut + at2 16. v= f

4. Momentum = mv 17. Power, P =

5. F = ma
18.
2
6. Kinetic Energy = mv

7. Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh 19. =

8. Elastic Potential Energy = Fx 20. n=

21. n = real depth

9. Density, = apparent depth

22.
10. Pressure in liquid, P = hg
23. Q =It
11. Pressure, P=
24. V = IR

12. Heat, Q = mc 25. Power, P= IV

13. Heat, Q = m 26. g = 10 ms-2

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Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a vernier callipers.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebuah angkup vernier.

Main scale Z
Skala utama

Vernier scale
Skala vernier
Skala utama

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) Name the part labeled Z.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Z.

.
[1 mark]
(b) State the function of Z.
Nyatakan fungsi Z.

.
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows the reading of the vernier callipers when jaws is closed.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bacaan pada angkup vernier apabila rahang ditutup.

Main scale
Skala utama
Skala utama

Vernier scale
Skala vernier
Skala utama

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

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Based on the Diagram 1.2:

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2:

(i) Name the type of error occurred.

Namakan jenis ralat yang terjadi.

.
[1 mark]

(ii) State the value of the error.

Total Nyatakan nilai ralat tersebut.
Q1
.
[1 mark]

2 Diagram 2.1 shows an oscillating pendulum

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan ayunan sebuah bandul.

Pendulum bob
Ladung bandul

P R

Q
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) Based on the Diagram 2.1, choose the correct path for one complete oscillation. Tick
() the correct answer.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, pilih lintasan yang betul untuk satu ayunan lengkap. Tanda ()
jawapan yang betul

[1 mark]

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(b) The stopwatch in diagram 2.2 shows the time taken for the pendulum to make 20
complete oscillations.
Jam randik dalam Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan masa yang diambil untuk bandul itu membuat 20
ayunan lengkap.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

Based on the Diagram 2.2, state

Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, nyatakan

(i) the value of the smallest scale division of the stopwatch.

nilai senggatan terkecil bagi jam randik itu.

.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) the time taken for 20 complete oscillations.
masa yang diambil untuk 20 ayunan lengkap.

.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) State one factor that effected the period of oscillation of the pendulum.
Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tempuh ayunan bandul itu.

.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Tick () the type of physical quantity for period.

Tanda () jenis kuantiti fizik bagi tempoh.

Scalar quantity
Kuantiti skalar

Vector quantity
Total Kuantiti vektor
Q2
[1 mark]

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3 Diagram 3 shows a helicopter moving with constant velocity at high of 120 m.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah helikopter bergerak dengan halaju seragam pada ketinggian 120 m.

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a) What is the meaning of velocity?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan halaju?

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) In Diagram 2, mark and label the vertical forces acting on the helicopter.
Pada Rajah 2, tanda dan label daya menegak yang bertindak pada helicopter tersebut.

[2 marks]

(c) The engine of the helicopter suddenly fails and the helicopter experiences free fall.
Calculate the final velocity of the helicopter before it touches the ground.
Enjin helikopter itu tiba- tiba tidak berfungsi dan helikopter mengalami jatuh bebas.
Kira halaju akhir helikopter sebelum ia mencecah bumi.

[3 marks]

Total
Q3

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4 (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the ticker tape of the motion of a trolley using a ticker timer of 50
Hz frequency.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu pita detik bagi pergerakan sebuah objek menggunakan jangka
masa detik yang mempunyai frekuensi 50 Hz.

16.0 cm
P Q
Direction of motion
Arah gerakan

2.4 cm 4.0 cm

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

Calculate :
Hitung :

(i) the time of one tick.

Masa untuk satu detik.

[1 mark]

(ii) the acceleration of the object from region P to Q.

Pecutan objek itu dari kawasan P ke Q.

[2 marks]

(iii) the average velocity of the trolley along PQ.

halaju purata troli sepanjang PQ.

[2 marks]

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(b) Diagram 4.2 shows a velocity- time graph represent the movement of the trolley.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan graf halaju masa yang mewakili pergerakan troli itu.

Velocity,v/ ms-1
Halaju, v/ ms-1

2.0

Time, t/ s
t Masa, t/ s

Diagra
m 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Using the answer in (a)(iii), find the time taken, t of the trolley to reach a velocity of
2.0 ms-1
Menggunakan jawapan di (a)(iii), cari masa, t troli untuk mencapai halaju 2.0 ms-1.

Total
Q4

7
[2 marks]

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5. Diagram 5.1(a) and 5.2(a) show two trolleys of different masses are placed on the surface of
identical table before pulled by a slotted mass through a smooth identical pulley.
The mass of the slotted weight which pulled both trolleys are same.
Rajah 5.1(a) dan 5.2(a) menunjukkan dua buah troli yang berlainan jisim berada di atas permukaan
meja yang serupa sebelum ditarik oleh pemberat melalui takal licin yang serupa.
Jisim pemberat yang menarik kedua- dua troli adalah sama.

Diagram 5.1(b) and 5.2(b) show the position of both trolleys after released simultaneously.
Rajah 5.1(b) dan 5.2(b) menunjukkan kedua- dua troli selepas dilepaskan serentak.

Before the trolley released A few moment after the trolley released
Sebelum troli dilepaskan Beberapa ketika selepas troli dilepaskan

Diagram 5.1(a) Diagram 5.1(b)

Rajah 5.1(a) Rajah 5.1(b)

Before the trolley released A few moment after the trolley released
Sebelum troli dilepaskan Beberapa ketika selepas troli dilepaskan

Diagram 5.2(a) Diagram 5.2(b)

Rajah 5.2(a) Rajah 5.2(b)

(a) What is the meaning of mass?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jisim?

.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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(b) Using diagram 5.1 and 5.2, compare :

Menggunakan Rajah 5.1 dan 5.2, bandingkan :

(i) the mass of the trolleys

jisim kedua- dua troli

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) distance travel by the trolleys

jarak yang dilalui oleh kedua- dua troli
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) acceleration of the trolleys
pecutan kedua- dua troli
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) (i) State the relationship between the mass and acceleration of the trolley.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara jisim dan pecutan troli itu.
..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State another physical quantity that affected the acceleration and its
relationship.
Nyatakan satu faktor lain yang mempengaruhi pecutan dan hubungannya.
.................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) Based on your answer in (c)(i) and (c)(ii), state the physics law involve.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c)(i) and (c)(ii), nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat.
.........................................................................................................................................
Total [1 mark]
Q5

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6. An experiment is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the air bag as a safety

feature for a car. A car and a dummy of mass 55 kg are moving at a constant velocity of
28 m s1 as shown in Diagram 6.1 and 6.2 below.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan bagi menyiasat keberkesanan beg udara sebagai salah satu ciri
keselamatan untuk sebuah kereta. Sebuah kereta dan sebuah patung yang berjisim 55 kg sedang
bergerak dengan halaju 28 m s1 seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 di bawah.

28 ms-1 Air bag

Beg udara

Wall
Tembok

Before collision After collision

Sebelum perlanggaran Selepas perlanggaran

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

Rajah 6.1 Rajah 6.2

(a) What is the meaning of momentum?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan momentum?

..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Based on the Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2. compare :

Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2, bandingkan

(i) the velocity of the dummy before and after the collision.
halaju patung sebelum dan selepas perlanggaran.

...
[1 mark]

(ii) the momentum of the dummy before and after the collision.
momentum patung sebelum dan selepas perlanggaran.

...
[1 mark]

(c) (i) Calculate the impulse of the dummy as the car hit the wall.
Hitung impuls bagi patung tersebut semasa kereta melanggar tembok.

[2 mark]

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(ii) If the dummy is stopped by the air bag in 2.9 s, what is the impulsive force
acting on the dummy?
Jika patung itu dihentikan oleh beg udara dalam masa 2.9 s, berapakah daya impuls yang
bertindak ke atas patung tersebut?

[2 marks]

(d) The dummy is lurch forward as the car hit the wall. State the physics concept which
explained the situation.
Patung itu terinjak ke hadapan semasa kereta melanggar tembok. Nyatakan fizik konsep yang
Total menerangkan situasi tersebut.
Q6
.....
[1 mark]

7 Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show two identical mirrors which are hung on the wall using
same type strings of different length.
Rajah 7.1 dan Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua cermin yang serupa digantung pada dinding
menggunakan tali dari jenis yang sama dan panjang yang berbeza.

T1 T1
T2 T2

70 70 50 50

Diagram 7.2 Diagram 7.1

Rajah 7.1 Rajah 7.2

The two mirrors are in equilibrium state. Each mirror has a mass of 1.5 kg. each string can
withstand a maximum force of 10 N.
Kedua- dua cermin itu berada dalam keseimbangan. Jisim bagi setiap cermin ialah 1.5 kg. Setiap
tali itu boleh menampung daya maksimum 10 N.

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(a) What is meant by equilibrium state?

Apakah maksud keadaan keseimbangan?

[1 mark]

(b) What is the weight of any one of the mirror?

Berapakah berat mana- mana satu cermin itu?

[1 mark]

(c) In the space below, draw a triangle of forces in equilibrium that acts on the mirrors in
Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2.
Pada ruang di bawah, lukis segitiga keseimbangan daya ke atas cermin dalam Rajah 7.1 dan
Rajah 7.2.

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
[2 marks]

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(d) T1 and T2 are the tension of the strings that act on the mirrors in Diagram 7.1 and
Diagram 7.2 respectively.
T1 dan T2 masing- masing ialah daya yang bertindak ke atas cermin dalam Rajah 7.1 dan
Rajah 7.2.

(i) In the space below, find the value of T1 and T2. You can use any method to
find the value of T1 and T2
Pada ruang di bawah, cari nilai bagi T1 and T2. Anda boleh menggunakan mana-
mana kaedah untuk mendapatkan nilai T1 and T2.

[4 marks]

(e) Based on your answer in 7 (d)(i), which diagram shows the most suitable method
hang the mirror? Give one reason for your answer.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 7(d)(i), kaedah dalam rajah manakah yang paling sesuai
digunakan untuk menggantung cermin? Beri satu sebab untuk jawapan anda.

.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Total [2 marks]
Q7

10

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8 Table 8.1 shows three types of remote control toy car and their characteristics.
Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan tiga jenis kereta mainan kawalan jauh dan ciri- cirinya.

Types of toy car Diameter of tyre Mass Voltage of battery used

Jenis kereta mainan Diameter tayar Jisim Voltan bateri yang digunakan

4.0 cm 1.3 kg 9.0 V

PORSHE

4.0 cm 2.5 kg 9.0 V

PROTON

4.0 cm 1.7 kg 9.0 V

FERRARI
Table 8.1
Jadual 8.1

(a) Based on Table 8.1:

Berdasarkan Jadual 8.1:

(i) Which toy car is the most difficult to start moving?

Kereta mainan yang manakah paling sukar untuk mula bergerak?

.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 8(a)(i) and state the relationship between
the reason with physics concept involved.
Berikan satu sebab kepada jawapan di 8(a)(i) dan nyatakan hubungan di antara
sebab dengan konsep fizik yang terlibat.

.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

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(b) Diagram 8.2 shows Ling is pushing a 6.0 kg box with difference forces on three types
of rough surface of wooden plane, P, Q, and R.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan Ling sedang menolak kotak 6.0 kg dengan daya- daya yang berbeza
di atas permukaan kasar satah kayu, P, Q, dan R.

Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2

Table 8.2 shows the magnitude of accelerations, a and force applied, F to push the
box on each surface of wooden plane.
Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan magnitud pecutan, a dan daya yang digunakan, F untuk menolak
kotak tersebut di atas setiap permukaan satah kayu.

Wooden plane Acceleration, a (ms-2) Force, F (N)

Satah kayu Pecutan,a (ms-2) Daya, F (N)

P 4.0 50.0
Q 2.5 40.0
R 4.5 30.0
Table 8.2
Jadual 8.2

(i) What is the meaning of frictional force?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya geseran?
.............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................. ...........
[1 mark]

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(ii) Calculate the friction force of each surface of wooden plane.

Hitung daya geseran untuk setiap permukaan satah kayu.

- Wooden plane A
Satah kayu A

- Wooden plane B
Satah kayu B

- Wooden plane C
Satah kayu C

[4 marks]

(c) Determine the most suitable surface of wooden plane to build a slide at childrens
playgrounds. Justify your answer.
Tentukan permukaan satah yang paling sesuai untuk membina gelongsor di taman
permainan kanak- kanak. Terangkan jawapan anda.

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) State two modification that can be done to reduce the friction of the slide thus
increase the acceleration.
Nyatakan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan untuk mengurangkan geseran pada
gelongsor seterusnya meningkatkan pecutan.

.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Total [2 marks]
Q8

12

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Section B
Bahagian B
[ 20 marks ]
Answer any one question from this section.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

9 Diagram 9.1 shows the effect of a man falls from a high position to the ground without
opening the parachute. Diagram 9.2 shows a man with the same mass falls from the same
height when the parachute is open.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan impak kepada orang yang jatuh dari tempat yang tinggi ke tanah apabila
payung terjun tidak terbuka. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan seorang yang mempunyai jisim yang sama
jatuh dari ketinggian yang sama dengan payung terjun terbuka.

Diagram 9.1 Diagram 9.2

Rajah 9.1 Rjah 9.2

(a) (i) What is the meaning of free fall?

Apakah maksud jatuh bebas?
[1 mark]

(ii) Based on the Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the acceleration, the rate
of change of momentum and the time of impact.
Relate the rate of change of momentum with the time of imoact to make a
deduction on the relationship between the acceleration and the rate of change
of momentum.
Perhatikan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan pecutan, kadar perubahan
momentum dan masa perlanggaran.
Hubungkaitkan kadar perubahan momentum dengan masa perlanggaran untuk
membuat kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara pecutan dengan kadar perubahan
momentum.
[5 marks]

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(b) A hovercraft moves on a cushion of air which is trapped underneath it, as shown in
Diagram 9.3. The trapped air reduces the friction. The hovercraft start from a rest and
as it start, the propeller produces a forward force untill it reaches the constatnt
velocity.
Sebuah hoverkraf bergerak di atas kusyen udara yang terperangkap di bawahnya seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.3. Udara yang terperangkap mengurangkan geseran. Hoverkraf
bergerak dari keadaan rehat dan semasa ia bergerak kipas yang berputar menghasilkan
daya ke hadapan sehingga ia mencapai halaju sekata.

Propeller
Body
Kipas
Badan kapal

Cushion of air
Kusyen udara
Diagram 9.3
Rajah 9.3

(i) Sketch a velocity- time graph to show the motion of hovercraft.

Lakarkan graf halaju- masa untuk menunjukkan gerakan hoverkraf.

(ii) Explain why the hovercraft moves with constant velocity in terms of the force
acting on it.
Terangkan mengapakah hoverkraf bergerak dengan halaju seragam dari segi daya
yang bertindak ke atasnya.
[4 marks]

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(c) Diagram 9.4 shows a canoe.

Rajah 9.4 menunjukkan sebuah kayak.

Diagram 9.4
Rajah 9.4

You are required to give some suggestions to design a canoe which can travel faster
and safer.
Using knowledge on motion, forces and properties of matters, explain the suggestions
based on the following aspects:
Anda dikehendaki memberikan beberapa cadangan untuk merekabentuk sebuah kayak yang
boleh bergerak lebih laju dan selamat.
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang gerakan, daya dan sifat- sifat bahan, terangkan
cadangan itu yang merangkumi aspek- aspek berikut:

(i) the surface of the canoe

permukaan kayak

(ii) the shape of the canoe

bentuk kayak

(iii) the material of the canoe

bahan yang digunakan untuk kayak

(iv) the size of the paddle

saiz pendayung

(v) material used for paddle

bahan yang digunakan untuk pendayung
[10 marks]

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10 Diagram 10.1 shows a stroboscopic photograph of a hammer hitting a nail into a wooden
block. The stroboscopic photograph is taken using a stroboscope and camera.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan fotograf stroboskop bagi satu penukul yang sedang mengetuk paku ke
dalam sebuah blok kayu. Fotograf stroboskop itu diambil menggunakan stroboskop dan kamera.

Diagram 10.1
Rajah 10.1

Diagram 10.2 shows another stroboscopic photograph of the same hammer hitting a similar
nail into the same wooden block with different force.
Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan satu lagi fotograf stroboskop bagi satu penukul yang sama yang sedang
mengetuk paku yang serupa ke dalam blok kayu yang sama dengan daya yang berbeza.

Diagram 10.2
Rajah 10.2

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(a) State the function of a stroboscope.

Nyatakan fungsi stroboskop.
[1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,

Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2,

(i) compare the distance between the two consecutive images and the depth of
nail that penetrates into the wooden block.
bandingkan jarak antara dua imej yang berturutan dengan kedalaman paku
menembusi blok kayu.

(ii) relate the distance between the two consecutive images with the velocity of
the hammer.
hubungkaitkan jarak antara dua imej yang berturutan dengan halaju penukul.

(iii) relate the depth of nail that penetrates into the wooden block with the force
exerted on the nail.
hubungkaitkan jarak antara dua imej yang berturutan dengan halaju penukul.

(iv) deduce a relationship between the velocity of the hammer and the force
exerted on the nail.
deduksikan hubungan antara halaju penukul dengan daya yang dikenakan ke atas
paku itu.
[5 marks]

(c) Diagram 10.3 shows a Taekwondo exponent smashing a wooden block using his
hand.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan seorang ahli Taekwondo memecah blok kayu menggunakan
tangannya.

Diagram 10.3
Rajah 10.3

Explain how the wooden block is smashed by the Taekwondo exponent.

Terangkan bagaimana blok kayu itu dipecahkan oleh ahli Taekwondo itu.
[4 marks]

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(d) Diagram 10.4 shows a student is holding a racket.

Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan seorang murid sedang memegang sebuah raket.

Diagram 10.4
Rajah 10.4

You are required to give some suggestions on the design of a racket and suitable
technique to be applied in a tennis game.
Using knowledge on motion, forces and properties of matters, explain the
modification that can be done based on the following aspects:
Anda dikehendaki memberikan beberapa cadangan dalam merekabentuk sebuah raket dan
teknik yang bersesuaian yang boleh digunapakai di dalam pertandingan tenis.
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang gerakan, daya dan sifat- sifat bahan, terangkan
pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan berdasarkan aspek- aspek berikut:

(i) the material used to build the frame of the racket

Bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat kerangka raket

(ii) the mass of the racket

jisim raket

(iii) the stiffness of the frame

kekerasan kerangka

(iv) the tension of the string

ketegangan tali

(v) the additional features of the racket

ciri- ciri tambahan bagi raket
[10 marks]

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Section C
Bahagian C
[ 20 marks ]
Answer any one question from this section.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

11 Diagram 11.1 shows a vibrating pile driver used to drive a steel pile to the ground.
The force involve in driving the pile is impulsive force.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu pelantak cerucuk yang digunakan untuk menanam cerucuk keluli ke
dalam tanah. Daya yang terlibat dalam menanam cerucuk ini adalah daya impuls.

Pile driver
Pelantak cerucuk

Crane
Kren Steel pile
Cerucuk keluli

Diagram 11.1
Rajah 11.1

(a) (i) What is the meaning of impulsive force?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya impuls?
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain how the steel pile is driven into the ground.
Terangkan bagaimana cerucuk keluli ditanam ke dalam tanah.
[4 marks]

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(b) Diagram 11.2 shows four arrangement of piling systems P, Q, R, and S that being
used to insert a pile into the ground.
Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan empat susunan sistem cerucuk P, Q, R, dan S yang digunakan untuk
menanam suatu cerucuk ke dalam tanah.

Pile driver Pile driver

Pelantak cerucuk Pelantak cerucuk

W = 120 kg W = 100 kg

h = 15 m h = 20 m

Steel pile Steel pile

Cerucuk keluli Cerucuk keluli

Ground Ground
Tanah Tanah

Piling system P Piling system Q

Sistem cerucuk P Sistem cerucuk Q

Pile driver Pile driver

Pelantak cerucuk Pelantak cerucuk

W = 100 kg W = 80 kg

h = 15 m h = 20 m

Steel pile Steel pile

Cerucuk keluli Cerucuk keluli

Ground Ground
Tanah Tanah

Piling system R Piling system S

Sistem cerucuk R Sistem cerucuk S

Diagram 11.2
Rajah 11.2

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Study the specification of the four arrangements of piling system based on the
following aspects:
Kaji spesifikasi keempat- empat susunan sistem cerucuk berdasarkan aspek- aspek berikut:

(i) Mass of the pile driver used to push the pile into the ground.
Jisim pelantak cerucuk yang digunakan untuk menolak cerucuk ke dalam tanah.

(ii) Height of the pile driver

Ketinggian pelantak cerucuk

(iii) Pile material

Bahan cerucuk

(iv) Shape at base of the pile

Bentuk pada dasar cerucuk

Explain the suitability of each aspect hence, determine the most suitable piling system
to be used to insert the pile effectively.
Give reason for your answer.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek, seterusnya tentukan sistem cerucuk yang paling sesuai
digunakan untuk menanam cerucuk dengan berkesan.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
[10 marks]

(c) A metal block with mass 50 kg is being dropped onto a pile to build a tall building.
The height of the metal block from the pile is 20m. Calculate:

(i) Weight of the metal block

Berat bongkah logam
[1 mark]

(ii) Velocity of the metal block just before it hits the pile
Halaju bongkah logam sejurus sebelum menghentam cerucuk
[2 mark]

(i) Impulsive force acted on the pile if the time impact is 0.5 s.
Daya impuls yang bertindak ke atas cerucuk sekirtanya masa hentaman ialah 0.5 s.
[2 mark]

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12 Diagram 12.1 shows structure of a jet engine. The jet produces forward thrust for an air
craft by using the Newtons Third Law of motion and principle of conservation of
momentum.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan struktur sebuah enjin jet. Enjin itu menghasilkan tujah ke depan untuk
suatu pesawat udara menggunakan Hukum Newton Ketiga bagi gerakan dan prinsip keabadian
momentum.

Diagram 12.1
Rajah 12.1

(a) (i) State the principle of conservation of momentum.

Nyatakan prinsip keabadian momentum
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain, in terms of Newtons Third Law and conservation of momentum,

how the jet engine produce forward thrust.
Terangkan, dalam konteks Hukum Newton ketiga dan keabadian momentum,
bagaimana enjin jet itu menghasilkan tujah ke depan.
[4 marks]

(b) Table 12 shows the characteristics of four different structures of jet engine.
Jadual 12 menunjukkan ciri- ciri bagi empat struktur enjin jet berlainan.

Jet Melting point of a Size of combustion

Fuel used
engine Bahan api blade material Number of blade chamber
Enjin Takat lebur bahan Bilangan bilah Saiz kebuk
digunakan
jet bilah pembakaran

Petrol Low Small Small

P
Petrol Rendah Kecil Kecil
Diesel High Small Large
Q
Disel Tinggi Kecil Besar
Kerosene High Large Large
R
Kerosin Tinggi Besar Besar
Kerosene Low Large Small
S
Kerosin Rendah Besar Kecil

Table 12
Jadual 12
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Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the jet engines and determine the
most suitable jet engine to be used as engine of an air craft that can produces greater
forward thrust.
Give reasons for youe choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dan tentukan enjin jet yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan
sebagai enjin sebuah pesawat udara yang dapat menghasilkan tujah ke depan yang lebih
besar.
Berikan sebab bagi pilihan anda.
[10 marks]

(c) A Boeing 747 has four engines, each capable of providing 250 000 N of
forward thrust. The mass of the air craft including the engine is 400 000 kg.
Sebuah Boeing 747 mempunyai empat enjin, yang setiap satunya mampu memberikan
250 000 N tujah ke depan. Jisim pesawat udara itu termasuk enjin ialah 400 000 kg.

(i) Calculate the greatest acceleration that the craft can achieve.
Hitungkan pecutan terbesar yang boleh dicapai oleh pesawat itu.
[3 marks]

(ii) The air craft must reach a speed of 85 ms-1 to achieve take- off.
Calculate the minimum length of runway needed for this air craft.
Pesawat itu mesti mencapai kelajuan 85 ms-1 untuk membolehkannya berlepas.
Hitung panjang landasan minimum yang diperlukan untuk pesawat udara ini.
[2 marks]

Panel penggubal:

________________ ____________
Norulaini Md Isa Chow Khin Wai
Guru Fizik Guru Fizik

Disemak oleh: Disahkan oleh:

__________________ ______________________
Tahiah A Rahman Datin Rohayah Ab. Rahman
Ketua Panitia Fizik GKMP Sains & Matematik

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