Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

NGHIN CU MT S PHNG PHP

BO QUN CAM V NHO TI
RESEARCH OF PRESERVATION METHODS
OF FRESH ORANGES AND GRAPES

PGS.TS. TRN MINH TM

ti ny nghin cu v mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho trong cc iu kin khc nhau
nhm ko di thi gian bo qun m vn m bo tnh hiu qu v kinh t v cht lng ca sn phm.
Trong qu trnh thc hin c s dng mt s vt liu, ho cht, thit b rt n gin, r tin, d thc hin.
Cc kt qu nghin cu ca ti ny c th em p dng vo sn xut thc tin.

The project studied some preservation methods of oranges and grapes in various conditions extending
keeping-time but ensuring the economization and the quality of products. In the process, some simple
cheap materials, chemicals, and equipments were used. The results of the research can be applied for
practical production.

MC CH TI 3.2. Bo qun trong iu kin lnh:

Ko di thi gian s dng m vn m
bo c cht lng ca cam v nho,
ng thi h thp mc thit hi c th
xy ra.
NI DUNG NGHIN CU
A- Cc phng php bo qun cam
ti:
1. B tr th nghim : Mi cng thc
th nghim c tin hnh 3 ln lp li.
Mi ln s dng 3 qu cam.
2. Yu cu i vi nguyn liu :
Cc qa cam ti c hi bng ko
sao cho cung c ct st n mt
qu trnh cung b rng v lm try
xc ln nhau khi vn chuyn. Sau khi
hi, cam c t trong st v n
nh t 12-24gi.
3. Cc phng php bo qun:
gm 5 cng thc th nghim
3.1. Bo qun trn ct v vi: Cam
ti c bi vi vo nm qu
chng vi sinh vt xm nhp t cung
v c bo qun trong thng cacton
ngp y ct.
Cam c gi trong ti nylon v bo
o
qun trong t lnh 10 C.
3.3. Bo qun trn khoanh thn
cy chui: Cam c t trong thng
cacton c lt v ph bi cc khoanh
thn chui ti dy 1-2cm. Khi thy
khoanh thn chui kh hoc b h mc
th thay khoanh thn chui khc lun
duy tr m ca thn chui.
3.4. Bo qun c s dng nc da
ti : Cam c ngm trong dung dch
nc da (c pha vi t l nc da
v nc ct l 1: 2) trong thi gian 30
pht ri kh v cho vo thng cacton
bo qun.
3.5. i chng: Cam ti c bo
qun trong thng cacton vi iu kin
nhit phng.
B- Cc phng php bo qun nho ti
1. B tr th nghim : mi cng thc
th nghim tin hnh vi 3 ln lp li.
Mi ln s dng 200g nho ti.
2. Yu cu i vi nguyn liu: Chm
nho ti khi hi c loi b cc qu

84 Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm
 Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

khng t yu cu (b h hng, dp nt, bo qun trn cc khay nhit thng

qu nh) v t trong cc gi nha,
n nh t 12-24 gi. Trnh lm try
xc, dp nt v lm mt lp phn bo
v bn ngoi qu nho.
3. Cc phng php bo qun :
gm cc cng thc th nghim sau :
3.1.Dng Kali-Metabisulfit (K2S2O8)
bo qun: Nho c ra sch,
ro v t vo khay c ti K2S2O8 bo
qun.
3.2. Dng Kali Metabisuffit (K2S2O8)
trn vi ct: Nho c ra sch,
ro v t vo khay c ti cha hn
hp K2S2O8 vi ct (t l K2S2O8:ct l
1:10).
3.3. S dng cc loi bao b:Nho
c gi trong bao Polyetylen c c
l vi ng knh 0.5mm v bo qun
o
trong t lnh 10 C. Nho c gi trong
bao Wrapping v bo qun trong t lnh
o Phng php bo qun cam trong bao
10 C.
Nho c gi trong bao Polyetylen
c c l vi ng knh 0.5mm v bo
o nhit thp hn ch s thot hi
qun nhit bnh thng (25-30 C).
Nho c gi trong bao Wrapping
v bo qun nhit bnh thng
o tng i kh quan vi t l hao ht
(25-30 C).
3.4. S dng Etanol 96% phng tr
nm bnh:
Nho c phun dung dch nm gy
nhim trong 1 pht ri hong kh v em
o
(25-30 C).
Nho c phun dch nm gy nhim
trong 1 pht, ri ngm vo Etanol 96%
trong 1 pht v em bo qun trn cc
o
khay nhit thng (25-30 C).
o
Nho c ngm vo nc m 48 C
trong 1 pht, kh, ri ngm vo etanol
96% trong 1pht v em bo qun trn
o
cc khay nhit thng (25-30 C).
3.5. i chng : Nho ti c bo
o
qun nhit bnh thng (25-30 C
KT QU NGHIN CU
I. Kt qu nghin cu cc phng
php bo qun cam ti
1. nh hng ca cc phng php
bo qun n s hao ht trong lng
so vi trng lng ban u.
Nhn xt :
o
Nylon 10 C c hao ht trng lng
thp nht, 4.43% . Nguyn nhn l do
nc. Bn cnh , phng php bo
qun bng thn chui cng cho kt qu
l 10.22%. Do khoanh thn chui ti,
xp gip cn bng m trong mi
trng bo qun cam v hn ch
c s thot hi nc.

Bng 1
S hao ht trng lng so vi trng lng ban u
n v :phn trm
S ngy
bo qun
Cng thc 0 7 8 9 10 11
thc nghim
Thn chui 0 6.84 7.37 7.80 9.56 10.22
Nc da ti 0 15.16 17.14 17.72 19.63 20.90
Ct v vi 0 11.16 15.53 16.34 18.69 19.83
Lnh 10oC 0 1.97 2.21 3.01 3.81 4.43
i chng 0 12.42 13.37 14.7 16.66 16.95

Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm

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Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

T l hao ht trng lng ca phng Nhn xt :

php s dng nc da ti (20.9%)
Xt v pH v Brix, cc phng
v phng php s dng ct vi
php bo qun u cho kt qu ph
vi(19.83%) cao hn cng thc i
hp vi bn cht t nhin ca cam.
chng(16.95%). Nguyn nhn c l do
phng php nc da ti, qu Xt v mu sc, phng php s dng
trnh ngm cam vi nc da to nc da cho kt qu tt nht. Nguyn
iu kin m v, t bo v n ra, lm nhn l do trong nc da c cht Ki-
cho nc d bc hi. Cn phng netin, l mt cht gip t bo chng
php s dng ct v vi, c l do s b lo ho, v th gi c mu sc
ma st gia ct v t bo v cam ca cam.
to iu kin cho nc v thot ra v
bc hi. Xt v mi v, t l thi, cng h
hp th phng php bo qun lnh
2. nh hng phng php bo
cho kt qu ti u nht. Nguyn nhn
qun n cc ch tiu pH, Brix,
l do bo qun nhit thp hn
cng h hp, mu sc mi v t
ch c s h hp, cc hot ng
l thi trong qa trnh bo qun cam
sng ca t bo vi sinh vt gy bnh,
ti:
ng thi hn ch c s pht trin ca
(*) Mu sc c nh gi bng thang vi sinh vt. Kt qu la gi c mi v,
im 3 v t l thi rt thp. phng php
Xanh ti s dng thn cy chui cng cho kt
Xanh vng qu tng i tt thp.
Xanh ho II. Kt qu nghin cu cc phng
(**) Mi v c nh gi bng thang php bo qun nho ti:
im 5 1. nh hng ca cc phng
Rt nng php bo qun n s hao ht trong
Khng thm lng so vi trng lng ban u
Thm va Nhn xt :
Thm S hao ht trng lng c lin quan
Rt thm n nhit v iu kin bo qun.
nhit thp (10 oC) c t l hao ht
Bng 2
nh hng ca cc phng php bo qun n cc ch tiu cht lng
Ch tiu
theo di Cng Mu
Mi T l thi
Cng pH Brix h hp sc
v(**) (%)
thc thc nghim (mgCO2 /g /h) v(*)
Thn chui 3.6 7 5.46 2 4 20
Nc da ti 3.1 6.8 5.73 1 3 40
Ct v vi 3.0 7.8 5.96 3 3 46.6
Lnh 10oC 4.1 7.5 5.26 3 5 0
i chng 4.1 6.5 5.98 2 1 56.2

86 Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm
 Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

thp hn so vi iu kin nhit thp, s hao ht do qu trnh bc hi

bnh thng d cng chung mt quy nc cng nh do qu trnh trao i,
cch bo qun. l do nhit sinh l ho sinh ca qu b hn ch.
2. nh hng phng php bo qun n cc ch tiu pH , brix, cng
h hp, t l nhim nm, cng trong qu trnh bo qun nho

Bng 3
S hao ht trng lng so vi trng lng ban u
n v : phn trm
S ngy sau
bo qun
Cng thc 0 3 4 5 6 7
th nghim

K2S2O8 0 7.30 10.00 14.50 15.16 19.50

K2S2O8 v Ct 0 9.19 11.00 15.00 16.66 18.33
Nc m 48oC, Etanol 96% 0 10.16 13.33 14.66 18.00 21.16
Dch nm, Etanol 96% 0 10.33 14.83 17.16 20.16 24.48
Dch nm 0 7.50 10.83 13.00 16.16 18.16
i chng 0 15.50 16.66 20.83 30.66 30.83
Bao Wrapping 10oC 0 0.16 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83
Bao Wrapping 25-30oC 0 2.33 5.33 14.33 19.33 25.00
Bao Polyetylen 10 oC
0 0.33 0.33 0.50 1.83 3.00
Bao Polyetylen 25-30oC 0 9.00 10.00 13.66 15.16 16.16

(*) Dng thang im 7 nh gi i vi cc phng php bo qun

cng nhit bnh thng, nu c s dng
cht ht m s cho kt qu t l nhim
1- Rt cng
nm v t l rng thp m cng t
2- Cng kh.
3- Hi cng
Nguyn nhn l do vic ht m hn
4- Khng cng, khng mm
ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, do
5- Hi mm qu khng b mm v t rng.
6- Mm
Cc phng php bo qun c x l
7- Rt mm.
etanol 96% cng gp phn gim bt s
Nhn xt : nhim nm gy bnh trong qu trnh
bo qun.
Nhn chung, phng php bo qun
lnh cho kt qu tt nht. iu kin cc phng php bo qun c bao b,
nhit thp c ch s pht trin nu bo qun nhit bnh thng th
ca vi sinh vt cho nn t l nhim nm vic bo qun kn trong bao b l khng
v t l rng qu rt thp m cng tt. iu kin nhit bnh thng,
tt hn. vic bo qun trong bao s gy ra hin

Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm

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Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

tng hm hi, v nng m trong bao. l gn cung qu. Do , qu d b

iu ny s to iu kin cho s pht rng v mm.
trin ca cc vi sinh vt pht trin, nht
Bng 4
nh hng ca cc phng php bo qun n ch tiu cht lng.
Ch tiu theo di
Cng T l
Cng thc T l rng cng
h hp nhim
th nghim pH Brix qu (%) (*)
(mgCO2/g/h) nm (%)

K2S2O8 3.5 12.5 6.24 10.00 20.00 2

K2S2O8 v Ct 3.5 12.0 6.00 14.67 17.43 3

Nc m 48oC, Etanol 96% 3.7 12.5 6.20 10.81 10.81 5

Dch nm, Etanol 96% 3.7 12.5 7.08 18.18 25.54 4

Dch nm 3.7 10.0 6.94 25.89 32.10 7

i chng 3.7 12.8 6.90 21.69 19.81 6

Bao Wrapping 10oC 4.0 12.0 7.40 0 0 1

Bao Wrapping 25-30oC 3.6 10.0 6.88 30.00 30.00 7

Bao Polyetylen 10oC 3.8 10.0 7.44 0.95 1.90 1

Bao Polyetylen 25-30oC 3.7 12.0 6.60 40.00 33.33 7

KT LUN quy m nh, kh nng ti chnh c

1. Bo qun cam:
Qua so snh cc phng php, nhn
thy phng php bo qun iu
kin lnh 10 oC l ti u. Tuy nhin,
gii hn, khng th bo qun lnh,
th c th thay th bng phng php
s dng thn chui, kt hp theo di
cht ch v thay thn chui thng
xuyn ngn nga vi sinh vt c hi.

88 Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm
 Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

Dng bao POLYETILEN c 30 l Dng K2S2O8 liu lng 2g

bo qun 25-30oC
Sau 7 ngy bo qun
Sau 7 ngy bo qun

Nu cn, c th p dng cc phng lnh, nht l sau khi thu hoch, c th

php h tr khc. V d kt hp thm
phng php nc da cho sn
phm c mu sc p...
2. Bo qun nho ti:
Nho cng rt thch hp vi phng
php bo qun lnh 10 oC. Trong
trng hp khng cha kp bo qun
s dng cht ht m bo qun.
ng thi c th kt hp vi vic x
l s b bng etanol trc khi em
bo qun iu kin nhit bnh
thng hoc bo qun lnh cng s
gp phn rt ng k cho cng tc
bo qun nho c lu hn m vn
gi c phm cht t nhin vn c
ca chng.

Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm

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Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang - Ni san Khoa hc & o to, s 5, 11/2005

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Vn Thoa - Quch Dnh - Nguyn Vn Tip : K thut bo qun ch bin rau qu. NXB
KHKT H Ni, 1982.

2. Phm Minh Tm & Nguyn c Lng V sinh An ton thc phm. NXB i hc Quc gia
Tp.HCM - 2002.

3. Trn Vn Minh (Vin Sinh hc cng ngh nhit i) CNSH cy n tri. NXB Tr TP.HCM,1997.

4. Trn Linh Phc Thc hnh vi sinh vt hc. NXB i hc Quc gia Tp.HCM - 2000.

5. PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm Bo qun ch bin nng sn sau thu hoch. NXB Nng nghip - 2000.

6. PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm Nguyn liu v sn xut thc phm. HDL Vn Lang, 1999.

7. V Cng Hu - Trng cy n qu min Nam - NXB Nng nghip, 1999.

PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm

Trng Khoa Cng ngh Sinh hc
Trng i hc Dn lp Vn Lang

90 Nghin cu mt s phng php bo qun cam v nho ti - PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm