Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Malaria
Malaria
Malaria is caused
by the bites from the
female Anopheles mosquito,
which then infects the body
with the parasite Plasmodium. This is the only mosquito that can cause malaria.
The successful development of the parasite within the mosquito depends on several
factors, the most important being humidity and ambient temperatures.
When an infected mosquito bites a human host, the parasite enters the bloodstream
and lays dormant within the liver. For the next 5-16 days, the host will show no
symptoms but the malaria parasite will begin multiplying asexually.7
The new malaria parasites are then released back into the bloodstream when they
infect red blood cells and again begin to multiply. Some malaria parasites,
however, remain in the liver and are not released until later, resulting in recurrence.
The video below from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute visualizes how a
single bite from an infected mosquito can quickly turn into the life-threatening
disease.
Tuberculosis
The Mycobacterium
tuberculosis bacterium causes
TB. It is spread through the air
when a person with TB (whose
lungs are affected) coughs,
sneezes, spits, laughs, or talks.
Since antibiotics began to be used to fight TB, some strains have become
resistant to drugs. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) arises when an
antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria, with the surviving bacteria
developing resistance to that antibiotic and often others at the same time.
MDR-TB is treatable and curable only with the use of very specific anti-
TB drugs, which are often limited or not readily available. In 2012,
around 450,000 people developed MDR-TB.
Diarrhea