TRNG H BCH KHOA H NI

B MN CNG NGH CH TO MY

BI GiNG
CAD/CAM-CNC

TS. Nguyn Huy Ninh

Email: cam@mail.hut.edu.vn
 M U

1- V tr vai tr ca CAD/CAM-CNC
Nm trong lnh vc cng ngh ch to my, n thc hin nhim v thit
k m hnh hnh hc ca sn phm, lp chng trnh gia cng, quy trnh
cng ngh nh s tr gip ca iu khin s, k thut my tnh.
2- i tng nghin cu ca mn hc:
Lin quan n cc d liu hnh hc ca qu trnh thit k v cc c
trng hnh hc ca b mt gia cng. Nghin cu ng dng k thut s
v my tnh vo vic thc hin qu trnh cng ngh gia cng c.
3- Ni dung nghin cu ca mn hc:
PHN I: Thit k sn phm vi s tr gip ca my tnh-CAD_.
Gii thiu phn mm MasterCam X14.
Gii thiu phn mm SolidWorks 2011
Gii thiu phn mm Catia R21.
 M U
Phn II : Cng ngh CNC
Chng 1: Khi nim
1.1. Cc h thng iu khin s:
1.2. Cc h thng DNC
1.3. Cc h thng gia cng linh hot
Chng 2: Mt s c trng ca my CNC
2.1. Cc trc to v chiu cc chuyn ng
2.2. Qui nh cc trc to trn my
2.3. chnh xc gia cng trn my CNC (m bo thng qua cc h thng o
dch chuyn v o gc)
Chng 3. Cc dng iu khin s
3.1. iu khin theo im
3.2. iu khin theo ng thng
3.3. iu khin theo cng tua (2D, D, 3D, 4D, 5D)
Chng 4. Nhng khi nim c bn v lp trmh gia cng trn my
CNC
 M U
41. Cc khi nim c bn
4.2. Qu o gia cng
4.3. Cch ghi kch thc tuyt i v tng i
4.4 Cc cu lnh G _code
Chng 5: K thut lp trnh CNC
5.1. Cu trc chng trnh.
5.2. Lp chng trnh NC trn h iu hnh FANUC series 21:
- EMCO win NC GE series Fanuc TB 21
- EMCO win NC GE series Fanuc MB 21
5.3. Ngn ng lp trnh t ng APT
Chng 6: ng dng cc phn mm thit k v gia cng tin tin
6.1 Gii thiu phn mm MasterCam v MCU.
6.2 Gii thiu phn mm SolidWorks thit k v gia cng khun.
 M U
PHN III. THC HNH:
Cho bn v thit k chi tit, yu cu:
+Lp quy trnh cng ngh gia cng chi tit trn my CNC
+ ng dng mt phn mm iu khin trn my CNC lp
trnh v m phng qu trnh gia cng chi tit.
Bi tp ln: Thit k sn phm nha, lng, li khun v lp
chng trnh gia cng chng.
TI LIU THAM KHO:
1. Cc ti liu v CAD/CAM-CNC
2. Cc ti liu c cung cp t chng trnh o to trong
d n EMCO:
+ EMCO win NC GE series Fanuc TB 21
+ EMCO win NC GE series Fanuc MB 21
PHN I: Thit k sn phm vi s tr gip ca my
tnh-CAD

I. Gii thiu phn mm SolidWorks 2011

I. Gii thiu phn mm MasterCam X14.

 Phn II : Cng ngh CNC

Chng 1
CC KHI NIM C BN V CNG NGH CNC
1. LCH S PHT TRIN CA MY CNG C CNC.
1938 Claude Shannon bo v lun n tin s vin cng ngh MIT ni dung tnh ton
chuyn giao d liu dng nh phn - nn tng c s ca my tnh ngy nay.
1946 tin s John W Mauchly cung cp my tnh s in t u tin c tn ENIAC cho
qun i M
1952 Vin MIT cho ra i my cng c iu khin s u tin (CINCINNATI HYDROTEL) gm
nhiu n in t vi chc nng ni suy ng thng
ng thi theo 3 trc v nhn d liu thng qua bng c l m nh phn.
- 1957 Khng qun M trang b nhng my NC u tin
xng.
- 1958 Ngn ng lp trnh t ng ho u tin (APT) c gii
thiu trong quan hlin kt vi my tnh IBM 704.
- 1960 K thut bn dn thay th cho h thng iu khin xung
rle, n in t.
- 1965 Gii php thay dng c t ng ATC ( Automatic Tool
Changer).
- 1968 K thut mch tch hp IC ra i c tin cy cao hn.
- 1972 H iu khin NC u tin c lp t my tnh nh
- 1976 H vi x l to ra mt cuc cch mng trong k thut CNC
 - 1978 Cc h thng gia cng linh hot (FMS) c to lp
- 1979 Nhng gii php kt ni lin hon CAD/CAM u tin
xut hin
- 1985 Trung tm gia cng (MC) c kh u tin l My c
tn"Milwaukee Magic" Cng ty Carney & Treker (M)
sn xut.
- 1986/1987 Gii php tch hp v t ng ho sn xut (CIM)
- 1994 Khp kn chui qu trnh CAD/CAM-CNC
Ngy nay cc my cng c CNC hon thin hn vi tnh
nng vt tri c th gia cng hon chnh chi tit trn mt
my gia cng, vi s ln g t t nht. c bit chng c th
gia cng cc chi tit c b mt phc tp .
2. KHI NIM V IU KHIN S.
2.1 iu khin theo phng php truyn thng:
+ iu khin bng cam
+ iu khin theo c hnh trnh
+ iu khin theo thi gian (tang trng quay theo t).
+ iu khin theo chu kz, kt hp c theo qung
ng v thi gian (My git K c)
2.1 Cc h iu khin s.
Trn my iu khin s th qu trnh gia cng
thc hin mt cch t ng. Trc khi gia
cng ngi ta phi a vo h thng iu
khin mt chng trnh gia cng di dng
mt chui cc cu lnh iu khin. H thng
iu khin s c kh nng thc hin cc lnh
iu khin ny v kim tra chng nh mt h
thng o lng dch chuyn bn my.
 H iu khin s NC (Numerical Control)
H thng NC u tin ra i do s cn thit
ch to cc chi tit phc tp ca my bay vi
s lng t. Ngy nay cc my trang b h
iu khin NC vn cn s dng. y l h
iu khin n gin vi s lng hn ch
cc knh thng tin. Trong h iu khin NC
cc thng s hnh hc ca chi tit gia cng
v cc lnh iu khin c cho di dng
dy cc con s.
 * Nguyn tc lm vic ca h iu khin NC.
Sau khi m my cc lnh th nht v th hai
c c. Ch sau khi qu trnh c kt thc
my mi thc hin lnh th nht. Trong thi
gian ny thng tin ca lnh th hai nm trong
b nh ca h thng iu khin. Sau khi hon
thnh vic thc hin lnh th nht my bt u
thc hin lnh th hai ly t b nh ra. Trong
khi thc hin lnh th hai, h iu khin c
lnh th ba v a vo ch ca b nh m lnh
th hai va c gii phng ra.
 Nhc im chnh ca h iu khin NC l khi
gia cng chi tit tip theo trong lot h iu
khin li phi c tt c cc lnh t u v nh
vy khng trnh khi nhng sai st ca b tnh
ton trong h iu khin. Do chi tit gia
cng c th b ph phm. Mt nhc im na
l do cn rt nhiu lnh cha trong bng c l
hoc bng t nn kh nng m chng trnh b
dng li c th xy ra. Ngoi ra vi ch lm
nh vy bng dc l hoc bng t s nhanh
chng b bn v mn gy li cho chng trnh.
 Cu trc ca h NC:
 1- D liu vo: Cn gi l chng trnh lnh,
c ghi li v lu tr bng nhiu cch nh
phn t mang chng trnh. (bng, th, a,
b nh)
 2- B iu khin (MCU): .

3- My cng c( thit b c iu khin)

 MT S C IM CHNH MY CNG C NC.

S c cu servo.
 H iu khin Direct Numerical Control (DNC)
Vo cui nhng nm 60, s pht trin ca k thut time-sharing trn cc
my tnh ln m ra hng iu khin mt lot my NC bng mt
my tnh ln.
 H iu khin s CNC (Computer Numerical Control)

n 1970 my PC tr thnh ph bin v r, khng cn phi s dng chung my tnh

na. Mi my NC c trang b mt my PC.
H iu khin CNC cho php thay i v hiu chnh cc chng trnh gia cng chi tit
v c chng trnh hot ng ca bn thn n. Trong h CNC cc chng trnh gia
cng c th c ghi nh li. Trong h iu khin CNC chng trnh c th c np
vo b nh ton b mt lc hoc tng lnh. Cc lnh iu khin c vit khng ch
cho tng chuyn ng ring l m cn cho nhiu chuyn ng cng mt lc. iu ny
cho php gim s cu lnh ca chng trnh v nh vy c th nng cao tin cy
lm vic ca my.
 H iu khin Distributed Numerical control (DNC).

Ngy nay khi nim ban u ca DNC c thay i bi s pht trin ca h

iu khin CNC.

Vic b xung cc my tnh th cp gia my cng c v my ch nhm:

- Tng tc ton h thng
- .
* u im ca cc h thng DNC:
 - H iu khin thch nghi(Adaptive
control):
 T bo gia cng.
 - H thng sn xut linh hot FMS
 H thng tch hp CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
nh ngha ve CIM (tiep)

Mt h thng CIM c to thnh

t cc phn h sau:
CAD, CAM, CAP, CAPP.
Cc t bo gia cng
H thng cp liu
H thng lp rp linh hot
H thng kim tra v cc thnh
phn khc.
 Chng 2 MY CNG C CNC

- My Cng c thng thng:

Thao tc gia cng bng tay
Thao tc my phi c tay ngh ph hp.
Li ca ngi vn hnh v c sai s kch thc c th
xut hin.
Kh khn trong vic duy tri chnh xc, v cht lng thay
i nhiu .
Ngi iu khin lun phi theo st my. Khng th gia
cng c hnh dng phc tp.
Cn s dng nhiu g.
Sn xut a dng.
 - My CNC.
Cc thao tc phi lm ch l quan st qu trnh gia cng bi
v qu trnh gia cng c thc hin t ng bi s liu
NC
Khng c sai s do c kch thc sai.
Khi sn phm u tin t yu cu, vic kim tra i vi
nhng chi tit k tip nhiu khi khng cn thit.
chnh xc gia cng cao c n nh, cht lng ca sn
phm c th lun c m bo, t ph thuc tay ngh ca
cng nhn.
T ng ho cao. Mt ngi c th vn hnh c nhiu
my v c h iu khin my tin tin.
Chi ph cho trang b cng ngh thp hn v khng cn nhiu
g nht l khi bn my c th quay c.
C th d on chnh xc thi gian gia cng.
 Qu trnh gia cng cng c th lp li vi cc s liu NC
c lu gi.
Tnh linh hot cao (tnh thch nghi nhanh vi s thay i
i tng gia cng, thch hp vi sn xut lot nh)
Kh nng tp trung nguyn cng cao (gia cng nhiu b
mt trn chi tit trong mt ln g phi)
Tc chy dao v tc ct ln. Nng sut gia cng
cao
Chun b cng ngh gia cng khc vi my thng l
phi lp trnh NC iu khin my theo ngn ng m
hng ch to my t trong h iu hnh ca my
My CNC t tin. Khng th loi tr hon ton cc li.
Ngi vn hnh c th vn bm nhm nt iu khin hoc
g t chi tit khng hp l.
Chi ph chn la v o to nhng ngi lp trnh v bo
tr my cao.
 2.2 H TRC TO TRN MY CNG C CNC
2.2.1 H thng cc trc ta
H thng cc trc ta vung gc c xc nh theo
quy tc bn tay phi (hnh 2.1). Cc chuyn ng chnh
ca my NC c thit lp theo cc trc ta X, Y v
Z. Theo quy tc bn tay phi ngn tay ci l trc X,
ngn tay tr l trc Y, ngn tay gia l trc Z. H thng
ta ny c lin quan mt thit i vi chi tit gia cng
trn my CNC.

Khi lp trnh ngi ta quy c rng dng c chuyn

ng tng i so vi h thng ta , cn chi tit ng
yn.
 Trn cc my cng c iu khin theo chng trnh s cn c
cc trc quay nh: trc ca bn quay, quay. Cc trc ny
c k hiu bng cc ch A, B v C, v c s th t tng
ng vi cc trc tnh tin X, Y v Z. Chiu quay dng ca
mt trc c xc nh theo quy tc vn nt chai.
 2.2.2 Quy nh cc ta trn my
2.2.2.1. My phay.
 2.2.2.2. My tin.
 2.2.2.3. Trung tm gia cng
 2.3 CC IM CHUN.
2.3.1. im chun ca my (k hiu M).

Cc im 0 ca my M l im gc ca cc h trc ta trn my v do
nh ch to ra cc my xc nh theo kt cu ca my.
Trn cc my phay, im 0 ca my thng nm trn im gii hn dch
chuyn ca bn my (hnh 2.5).
Trn my tin im O ca my thng t ti tm mt u ca trc
chnh (hnh 2.6).
 2.3.2. im 0 ca chi tit (k hiu W).
 2.3.3 im tham chiu ca my (R)
Trong cc my c h thng o dch chuyn, cc gi tr thc o
c khi b mt ngun in do s c s mt theo. Trong nhng
trng hp ny a h thng o tr li trng thi c trc
th ta phi a my v im 0 ca my. Trong nhiu trng
hp, khng thc hin c iu ny v vng vo cc chi tit
kp cht trn my hoc g. Do vy cn thit xc lp mt im
chun th hai trn cc trc, l im chun ca my R (hnh
3.39). im chun ny c mt khong cch xc nh so vi im
0 ca my v c nh v trn cc bn trt ca my.
2.3.4. im thay dao ( Ww), thng trng vi im R
 2.3.5. im iu chnh dao E.
Khi s dng nhiu dao, cc
kch thc ca dao phi
c xc nh trc trn
thit b iu chnh dao
c thng tin a vo trong
h thng iu chnh nhm
hiu chnh t ng kch
thc dao. Cc kch thc
hiu chnh ny (Q v L) gn
vi im iu chnh dao E
nm trn ui dao (hnh
2.11).
 2.3.6. im g dao N.
 2.4. CC DNG IU KHIN TRN MY CNG C CNC.
- iu khin im - im. - iu khin theo ng.
- iu khin theo ng bin - iu khin 2D.
- iu khin 2-1/2D

- iu khin 3D.
- iu khin 4D - iu khin 5D
 2.5 CC PHNG PHP NI SUY TRONG CC MY
CNG C NC, CNC
2.5.2. Cc php ni suy c bn.
- Ni suy ng thng. - Ni suy cung trn
 Chng 3 NHNG KHI NIM C BN V CHNG TRNH NC
V LP TRNH GIA CNG TRN MY CNC

3.1. KHI NIM V CC NGN NG LP TRNH GIA CNG TRN MY CNC

V tr vai tr ca lp trnh gia cng CNC:
T bn v thit k- Chun b cng ngh(bn v cng ngh, my, dao, g,
QTCN)- Lp trnh CNC- NC file- My CNC.
* Chng trnh NC l tp hp nhng ch dn cn thit cho qu trnh gia
cng mt chi tit c kh trn my cng c iu khin NC, CNC m khng
c s tr gip ca con ngi. V ngn ng lp trnh NC cho my cng
c NC v CNC s dng gm 2 cp:
+ Cp thp: Lp trnh c s bng ngn ng iu khin s (ISO - code).
V d: ISO 6983, DIN 66025
+ Cp cao: Lp trnh nng cao bng ngn ng cp cao.
V d:: APT (Automatically Programed Tool)
 3.2. CCH GHI KCH THC GIA CNG.
3.2.1 Kch thc tng i
3.2.1 Kch thc tuyt i
 3.4. CU TRC CA MT CHNG TRNH NC.
Mt chng trnh NC bao gm mt tp hp cc cu lnh cn thit
miu t tun t cc bc hot ng ca my gia cng mt chi
tit trn my CNC
Mt chng trnh theo tiu chun ISO 6983 gm cc phn sau:
+ u chng trnh. V d: O1234, TP9899,
+ Thn chng trnh gm mt dy cc cu lnh mang cc thng tin
+ Kt thc chng trnh. V d M30 hoc M02.
Cc khi lnh khc nhau c nh s tun t v c phn bit
vi cc khi khc bi du hiu kt thc khi: ;
 Cc t lnh thng s dng:
N.s khi 1 ti 9999
G.... chc nng dn dao (lnh di chuyn)
X, Y, Z....d liu v v tr (X cn l thi gian tr)
U, W....v tr gia tng (U lun hin hnh)
R.... bn knh, gi tr cn, bin s
C....vt mp.
H... a ch offset
I, J, K....tham s cung trn, h s t l, s ln lp li chu trnh, cc trc
i xng...
F....lng chy dao, bc ren.
S.... tc trc chnh, tc ct
T.... Ten dng c
M....m lnh M(cc chc nng ph)
P....thi gian tr, gi chng trnh con, bin s.
Q....Chiu su ct hoc gi tr dch chuyn trong chu trnh.
 3.5. LP CHNG TRNH NC.
3.5.1. Phng php lp trnh
a) Lp trnh th cng:
b) Lp trnh c tr gip ca my tnh.
MT S M TIU CHUN

M lnh Chc nng

G00 Lnh di chuyn v tr, chy dao nhanh

G01 Ni suy ng thng
G02 Ni suy cung trn theo chiu kim ng h (CW)
G03 Ni suy cung trn ngc chiu kim ng h
(CCW)
G04 Lnh dng
G17 Gia cng trong mt phng XY
G18 Gia cng trong mt phng XZ
G19 Gia cng trong mt phng YZ
G40 Hu b bn knh dng c
G41 B bn knh dng c B tri
G42 B bn knh dng c B phi
G90 Lp trnh theo kch thc tuyt i
G91 Lp trnh theo kch thc tng i
G94 Khai bo bc tin theo mm /pht
G95 Khai bo bc tin theo mm /vng
G96 Lp trnh vi tc trc chnh khng i (m/ph)
G97 Lp trnh vi tc trc chnh (v/ph)
F Lng chy dao
I Lnh to tm theo X (dng khi ni suy cung trn)
J Lnh to tm theo Y (dng khi ni suy cung trn)
K Lnh to tm theo Z (dng khi ni suy cung trn)
S Khai bo tc trc chnh
T Lnh gi dao
U To tng i Theo phng X
V To tng i Theo phng Y
W To tng i Theo phng Z
X To tuyt i - Theo phng X
Y To tuyt i - Theo phng Y
Z To tuyt i - Theo phng Z
M1 Lnh dng chng trnh (c iu kin)
M2 Kt thc chng trnh
M3 Quay trc chnh theo chiu kim ng h
M4 Quay trc chnh ngc chiu kim ng h

M5 Dng trc chnh

M6 Thay dng c

M8 M dung dch trn ngui

M9 Tt dung dch trn ngui

M30 Kt thc chng trnh

 Chng 4. K THUT LP TRNH ( Fanuc 21)

4.1. CC LNH LP TRNH TRN MY PHAY CNC.

N... G00 X(U)... Y(V)... Z(W) ;

Bn my s dch chuyn vi tc ln
nht ti im ch c lp trnh (
thay i dng c, bt u gia cng
ln sau...)
G00 - Dch chuyn nhanh.
Vi G90 (h to tuyt i)
N50 G00 X40 Y56 ;
Vi h to tng i (G91)
N50 G00 X-30 Y- 30.5
 G01 - Ni suy ng thng
N...G01 X(U)...Y(V)...Z(W)...F... ;
Chy dao theo ng thng vi
lng chy dao c lp trnh.
H to tuyt i (G90)
N20 G01 X40 Y20.1 F500 ;
Hoc theo tng i (G91)
N20 G01 X20 Y-25.9 F500;
 Vt mp v v trn gc
C th lp trnh thc hin t
ng vic vt mp cng nh v
trn gc bng cch a vo
khi lnh c G01 hoc G00
tham s C hoc R
N... G00/G01 X... Y... C;
N... G00/G01 X... Y... R ;
 G02 -Ni suy cung trn cng chiu
kim ng h.
G03 - ni suy cung trn ngc chiu
kim ng h.
N...G02/G03 X... Y... Z... I... J... K...F... ;
Hoc
N...G02/G03 X... Y... Z... R... F... ;
 Lnh G04 Dng dng c
N... G04 X... ; (giy) hoc
N... G04 p. ; (ms)

G7.1: Ni suy theo mt tr

N G7.1 Q
N G7.1 Q0
G7.1 Q: bt u ni suy theo mt tr.
Gi tr Q th hin bn knh ca phi.
G7.1 Q0: Kt thc ni suy
Khong dch chuyn ca trc Q
iu khin bi gc c b iu
khin chuyn thnh khong cch
ca mt ng thng o theo
chu vi b mt ngoi ca tr.
Vi my phay, trc quay l Q v n
song song vi trc Y. Lng chy
dao trong ni suy theo mt tr
c xem nh tc chuyn
ng trn vng tr c tri
rng ra thnh mt phng.
 Lnh G10 - Ci t d liu
Lnh G10 cho php xo b cc d liu iu khin
c ci t, cc tham s chng trnh, d
liu dng c.... G10 thng s dng lp
trnh cho im gc phi
* Dch im Zero
N... G10 l2 Pp Ip... ;
Tham s p = 1 - Dch im gc phi
P =2-7 -Dch im gc phi theo h to t
1-6
Ip - Dch im gc phi theo trc ta , khi
lp trnh Ip thay bng cc trc to tng
ng.
 * B dao
N.... G10 L11 P... R... ;
P - S hiu b dng c
R - Gi tr b dng c theo h to tuyt i (G90)
Lnh G15 lnh kt thc ni suy theo to cc
Lnh G16 Bt u ni suy h to cc.
N... G15/G16 ;
Gia cc im G16 v G15, cc to im c nh ngha theo
h to cc
Vic la chn mt phng s dng to cc c lp trnh theo
G17 - G19, theo a ch ca trc th nht l bn knh c lp
trnh, a ch ca trc th hai l gc lp trnh tnh t gc phi.
 V d:
N75 G17 G16 ;
N80 G01 X50 Y30;
Trc th nht: Bn knh X =50
Trc th hai: gc Y =30
G17-G19 La chn mt phng
lm vic
N... G17/G18/G19 ;
G17 Mt phng XY
G18 Mt phng ZX
G19 Mt phng YZ
 Lnh G20 H thng o theo n v INCH
Bc tin (mm/ph; inch/ph; mm/vg; inch/vg)
G21 H thng o lng theo n v mm
Lnh G28 -V im tham chiu
N... G28 X Y Z;
X, Y, Z : To im trung gian
Lnh G40 - Xo b bn knh dng c
G40 ch c php s dng trong khi lnh
vi cc lnh dch chuyn G00 v G01
Lnh G41 - B bn knh dng c -b tri
N... G41 H... ; N G42 H
 Lnh G43 - B chiu di dng c - b dng.
Lnh G44 - B chiu di dng c - b m.
N... G43 H05;
Gi tr trong thanh ghi vi H05 s c thm vo gi tr
dch chuyn theo Z theo chiu di dng c.
Lnh G49 - Xo b chiu di dng c
 Lnh G50 - Xo h s t l, xo
ly i xng.
Lnh G51 - Ly t l, ly i
xng.
N... G50 ;
N... G51 X... Y... Z...
I... J... K... ;
X, Y, Z l to ca im gc
ly t l
I, J, K l h s t l theo phng
X, Y, Z (theo 1/1000)
 Ly i xng cng tua
Khi a vo h s t l m, cng
tua s c ly i xng qua im
gc PB.
- Nu I -1000 th cc v tr ca X s
c ly i xng qua mt phng
YZ
- Nu J -1000 th cc v tr ca Y s
c ly i xng qua mt phng
ZX
- Nu lp trnh K -1000 th tt c
cc v tr ca Z s c ly i
xng qua mt phng XY.
Lnh G52 - H to a phng.
N... G52 X... Y... Z... ;
Lnh G53 - H to my.
N... G53 ;
Lnh G54 -G59 Dch im gc t 1-6
Lnh G61 - Dng chnh xc.
C php: N.... G61 ;
Bn my s dng trc khi thc hin khi lnh sau,
v vy cnh chi tit s khng b v trn v phn
chuyn tip s sc cnh
Lnh G68 /G69 - Quay h to / Dng
quay h to
N... G68 XY... R ;
N... G69 ;
X, Y - Cc to ca tm quay
R - Gc quay
 N10 G43 T10 H10 M6 ;
N15 S2000 M3 F300 ;
N20 M98 P030100 ;
N25 G0 Z50 ;
O0100;
N10 G91 G68 X10 Y10 R22.5;
N15 G90 X29 Y10 Z5 ;
N20 G1 Z-2 ;
N25 X44 ;
N30 G0 Z5 ;
N35 M99;
 CHU TRNH KHOAN G73 - G89
Lnh phng php ct G98/G99
S ln lp li ca chu trnh.
Thng s K xc nh s ln lp li ca
chu trnh.
G80 Hu chu trnh khoan:
G81 Chu trnh khoan:
N G98(G99) G81 XYZ (R) F
K
Dng c chuyn ng xung ti su
kt thc vi tc chy dao v li
dao vi tc nhanh.
G82 Chu trnh khoan c dng:
N G98(G99) X Y Z (R) P F
K
G73/G83 Chu Trnh Khoan C B
Phoi (Chip break-G73-high-speed
peck drilling cycle ;Peck drill-G83)
N G98(G99) G73/G83 X YZ
(R) P Q F K
Dng c n su vo trong chi tit
vi lng n dao Q, chuyn ng
li li 1mm b phoi, li n su
ln na Ti tn chiu su cui
cng cn thit v li dao nhanh.
 G84 Chu trnh tar
N...G98(G99) G84 X Y (R)
FPK
XY v tr tm l
Z chiu su ct theo kch thc tuyt
i (hoc gia tng)
R*mm+ gi tr chiu cao ca mt
phng rt dao
P*msec+ thi gian dng li y l
F bc ren (lng chy dao trn
vng)
K s ln lp li
 Lnh i gc ta lm vic G92:
Dng lnh: N G92 X Y Z
H ta mi s nhn v tr hin thi vi ta X, Y, Z
Lnh ny duy tr ngay c khi kt thc Prg. bi lnh M30
hoc Reset.
V d: G0 X0 Y0 Z5
G92 X-25 Y-25
G0 X0 Y0
...
X0 Y0 Z5
G92 X25 Y25
 1.3. Cc lnh chc nng M.
Lnh M00 - Dng chng trnh khng iu kin
Lnh ny s dng dng chng trnh gia cng. Trc chnh, dung
dch trn ngui, bn dao s dng, c th m ca an ton m khng b
cnh bo. chy tip chng trnh, nhn phm "NC START" v trc
chnh li c bt, cc gi tr trc li c phc hi.
Lnh M01 - Dng c iu kin
Lnh M02 Kt thc chng trnh
Lnh M03 - Bt trc chnh quay cng chiu kim ng h
Lnh M98: Gi chng trnh con
N... M98 P...
Sau P l 6 con s: 2 s u t tri l s ln gi Sub. 4 s sau l s hiu
chng trnh con
Lnh M99: Kt thc chng trnh con
 Lnh M98: Gi chng trnh
con
N... M98 P...
Sau P l 6 con s: 2 s u t tri
l s ln gi Sub. 4 s sau l s
hiu chng trnh con
Lnh M99: Kt thc chng
trnh con
 4.1. CC LNH LP TRNH TRN
MY TiN CNC.
G00 - Dch chuyn nhanh.
N... G00 X(U)... Z(W) ;
C th lp trnh vi h ta tuyt
i hoc h ta tng i bng
cch s dng cc a ch (X,Y) hoc
(U, W).
Vi G90 (h to tuyt i)
N50 G00 X40 Z56
Vi h to tng i (G91)
N50 G00 U-60 W-30.5
 G01: Ni suy ng thng
(c n dao)
N. G01 X(U) Z(W) F
Tc di chuyn c ci t
bi thng s F trong lnh.
Theo ta tuyt i G90:
N20 G01 X40 Z20.1 F0.1
Theo ta tng i G91:
N20 G01 U20 W-25.9 F0.1
 Vt gc v ln gc:
N 95 G1 X26 Z53
N 100 Z27 R6
N105 X86 C3
N110 Z0
Nu qung ng di chuyn
dng lnh no l qu
nh s to ra li khng c
im ni suy cung trn v vt
mp. Khi chng trnh s
thng bo li No.055.
 Lnh dch
chuyn
theo gc
 G02, G03: Ni suy cung trn cng
chiu v ngc chiu kim ng
h.
NG02 X(U)Z(W)I..K..F..
hoc
NG02 X(U)Z(W)R...F..
X(U), Z(W): Ta im cui ca
cung trn
I, K: Cc ta tng i ca tm
cung trn theo trc X, Z
R: Bn knh ca cung trn. Vi
cung trn c gc <1800 th R c gi
tr dng v ngc li.
 Lnh G04 Lnh dng.
N...G04 X(U).... ;(s) hoc
N... G04 P... ;(ms)

G7.1 Ni suy hnh tr.

N...G7.1 C... bt u ni suy
ta tr.
C gi tr bn knh ngoi ca
mt gia cng.
G7.1 C0 kt thc php ni suy
tr.
Khong dch chuyn ca trc quay C
tnh theo c b iu khin
chuyn thnh khong cch ca
mt ng thng o dc theo b
mt ngoi ca tr.
Nh vy, n c th ni suy ng
thng v ng trn trn b mt
tr ny.
 Lnh G10. Cho php ghi d liu iu khin, cc tham s chng
trnh, d liu dng c...
G10 thng c s dng lp trnh im gc phi
N... G10 P... X... Z... R... Q... ; hoc
N... G10 P... U... W... C... Q... ;
P0 dch chuyn gi tr gc to phi;
P1- P64 hiu chnh kch thc dng c
X... lng b theo phng X (tuyt i)
Z... lng b theo phng Z (tuyt i)
U... lng b theo phng X (gia s)
W... lng b theo phng Z (gia s)
R... bn knh mi dao (tuyt i)
C bn knh mi dao (tng i)
Q... S hiu mi dao o
 G12.1/G13.1: Ni suy theo ta
c cc.
N G12.1 Bt u ni suy theo
ta cc.
N G13.1 Kt thc ni suy theo
ta cc.
H ta c cc rt thch
hp gia cng mt u ca
chi tit tin.
Cc lnh lp trnh c chuyn
sang h ta cac thnh
chuyn ng thng ca trc X
(chuyn ng ca dng c) v
chuyn ng quay ca trc C
(chuyn ng ca chi tit)
iu khin dao.
 Ch :
D liu dng c: Trong qu trnh ci t cc thng s b dao cho dao
phay c ci t phn di cc thng s hnh hc.
X -20
Z (chiu di theo trc Z)
R (bn knh dao phay)
T 0 (loi dao 0)
ch G12.1 h thng ta khng th thay i .
Cc lnh G12.1 v G13.1 phi c lp trnh trong cc khi lnh
ring, khng kt hp vi bt c lnh no.
Bn knh cc cung trn trong h ta c cc (G02 hoc G03) c
th c lp trnh vi a ch R hoc lp trnh theo ta I, J
 G17-G19: Chn mt phng gia cng.
G20: Chu trnh tin dc.
N G20 X(U)Z(W)F (thng)
N G20 X(U)Z(W)RF (cn)
X(U), Z(W): Ta ca im K
R*mm+: Tham s ca cn theo trc X (+/-
).
V d:
N100 G91
N110 G20 U-4 W-66 F0.18
N115 U-8
N120 U-12
N125 U-16
N130 G00
 G24: Chu trnh kha mt u.
N G24 X(U) Z(W) F (tin thng)
N G24 X(U) Z(W) RF (tin cn)
R: Tham s cn theo trc Z.
 G28: Tr li im tham chiu.
N G28 X(U) Z(W)
X, Z Ni suy theo ta tuyt i.
U, W Ni suy theo ta tng i.
u tin s dch chuyn ti ta X(U) v Z(W), sau s chuyn
ng ti im tham chiu. C hai chuyn ng ny u l chy
dao nhanh (G00).
B bn knh dng c.
Trong qu trnh o dng c, cc kch thc u ch c xc nh
bng 2 im (tip xc vi cc trc Z v X). Khi xy ra cc chuyn
ng theo c hai trc ta (tin cn, tin trn) v tr ca dng
c theo l thuyt khng cn trng vi v tr thc ca dng c na
v s c sai s kch thc xut hin trn chi tit.
 Khi khng b sai s ca li ct, sai
s ln nht xy ra khi ng chuyn
ng ca dao lch 450 so vi trc ta
. Bn knh li ct nm trong
khong (0,4-0,6mm), ng chuyn
ng thc ca dao s cch ng lp
trnh mt khong >=0.16mm-
0,24mm theo cc trc X v Z. Nu c
b bn knh ca li ct, cc sai s
kch thc ny s t ng c tnh
ton v b bi h iu khin. c
th b bn knh li ct, bn phi
nhp bn knh li ct v v tr ct
trong phn d liu offset dng c.
 Lnh G40 - Xo b bn knh dng
c
Lnh G41 B tri bn knh dng c
Lnh G42 - b phi bn knh dng
c
Lnh G70/G71 - n v o theo
INCH/MM.
Lnh G90/91 - Lp trnh theo h
to tuyt i/tng i.
Lnh G92 - Gii hn tc trc
chnh.
N... G92 S... ; (gii hn tc
trc chnh)
 G92 Thit lp h to
N... G92 X... Z... ; (thit lp h to ) hoc
N... G92 U... W... ; (dch gc to )
khng xo c bng lnh M30 hoc RESET
Lnh G94 - Lng chy dao theo pht
Lnh G95 - lng chy dao theo vng
Lnh G96 - tc ct khng i (n v m /ph)
Lnh G97 - S vng quay trc chnh (n v V /ph)
 Lnh G72 - Chu trnh tin tinh.
N... G72 P... Q... ;
P - S th t cu lnh bt u khai bo
b mt tin tinh
Q- " kt thc
Lnh G73 - Chu trnh gia cng th
chy dao dc
N...G73 U1... R... ;
N...G73 P...Q...U2+/-...W... F... S... T... ;
Ch :
- F, S, T gia P v Q s b b qua
- im C phi nm ngoi bin dng
 Lnh G74 Chu trnh gia cng th chy dao ngang
Lnh G75 - Chu trnh tin theo bin dng
Lnh G77 - chu trnh ct rnh (hnh 5.34)
N... G77 R1... ;
N... G77 X(U)...Z(W)... P... Q... R2... F... ;
+ R1[mm] - lng rt dao b phoi
+ X(U), Z(W) - to tuyt i (hoc gia s) ca im K.
+ P [m] - chiu su mi ln n dao theo phng X.
+ Q [m] - lng m sau mi lt ct
F - lng chy dao.
 Lnh G78 - Tin ren
N...G78 P1 Q1... R1... ;
N...G78 X(U)... Z(W)... R2...
P2... Q2... F... ;
+ P1 km theo 6 con s ch tham
s v c chia ra lm cc cp
s sau:
Hai s u tin Pxxxxxxch s lt
ct tinh
Hai s gia Pxxxxxx ch lng ren
cn,
Hai con s cui cng Pxxxxxx ch
gc ren
+ Q1[m] - chiu su ct nh nht
theo gia s
+ R1 - lng ct tinh *mm+
+ X(U), Z(W) - to tuyt i (hoc
tng i) ca im K
+ R2 [mm] - dc ca ren cn (c
du) R=0 nu l ren tr
+ P2 [m ] - chiu su ren (lun
dng)
+ Q2 [m] - chiu su ren cho lt ct
u tin (theo bn knh)
+ F [mm] - bc ren.
Lnh phng php ct G98/G99
Lnh G80 - xo chu trnh.
 Lnh G83 - Chu trnh khoan
N... G98 (G99) G83 X0 Z(W)... (R...) Q... P... F...
M...;
+ G98 (G99) quay v mt phng bt u (hoc
mt phng li dao)
+ X0 - v tr l theo phng X (lun l Z r)
+ Z(W) - chiu su tuyt i (hoc gia s) ca l
khoan
+ R[mm] - gi tr theo gia s ca mt phng li
dao so vi im bt u theo phng Z.
+ Q[m] - chiu su mi ln khoan
+ P[ms] - thi gian dng cui l khoan
+ F - lng chy dao
+ M - chiu quay trc chnh
+ K - S ln lp chu trnh
 Lnh G84 - Chu trnh ta r
N... G98 (G99) G84 X0 Z(W)... (R...) F... M... ;
P... - *ms+ thi gian dng y l