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Physics: Investigatory Project
Physics: Investigatory Project
Project
Topic:
LIGHT DEPENDENT
RESISTOR
Name : SAQUIB
AMEER KHAN
Exam no:
2016-2017
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
Aim
Materials Required
Introduction
Principle
Theory
Working
Bibliography
Conclusion
AIM
To prepare a
LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR.
MATERIALS
REQUIRED
Transistor
Diode
Relay
Carbon resistor
LDR
Transformer
Capacitor
Bulb
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
This project is based on Light
Dependent Resistance (L.D.R.). Light
Dependent Resistance [LDR] is a resistance,
in which opposing power of current depends
on the presence of quantity of light present,
i.e. the resistance of LDR increases or
decreases, according to the quantity of light
which falls on it.
LDR.
THEORY
1. TRANSISTOR:-When a thin
slice of p-type is sandwiched
between two blocks of n-type,
then n-p-n transistor is
formed. It consists of emitter,
base, and collector. In the
project, common emitter n-p-n
transistor (BC-147 & SL-100) is
used.
4. CARBON RESISTOR: - A
carbon resistor has generally
four rings or bands A, B, C and
D of different colors
corresponding to the value of
resistance. In project, we use
carbon resistance of 220 kilo-
ohms, 1.5 kilo-ohms and 820
ohms.
5. LDR:-LDR means light
dependent resistance which is
used to complete the circuit.
6. TRANSFORMER: -
Transformer is used to convert
low alternating voltage to high
alternating voltage by
decreasing the current and
vice-versa. We use a
transformer of 6-0-6V for the
circuit.
7. CAPACITOR: - Capacitor is
used to block DC. In the
circuit, we use the capacitor of
220mfd and 1000mfd.
WORKING
Let 6V. DC is flowed in the circuit.
When light falls on LDR then the
resistance of LDR will decrease and
approximate equal to zero. 6V DC
come from 220 kilo-ohms
resistance and passes through LDR.
At this time, it becomes earth, so
that no voltage flows through the
base of transistor T1. Due to
absence of positive voltage at
base, emitter hasn't negative
voltage in the comparison of its
base, so that transistor T1 don't
conduct and no current flows
through it. But resistance of 1.5
kilo-ohms is connected with 6V DC
line, so that from 6V DC
approximate 4V DC passes through
820 ohms and reach at the base of
transistor T2. For conduction,
emitter has some negative voltage
in the comparison of its base. But
at this time, 4V DC reach at base of
transistor T2, so that emitter has
highly negative voltage in
comparison of its base, so that
transistor T2 highly conducts. The
collector of transistor T2 is
connected with relay coil, so that
magnetic induction around relay
coil will disconnect with rest point
and connect with active point. So,
According to the circuit, the bulb
will glow.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
http://www.helpguide.org
http://m.wikihow.com
www.circuitstoday.comdepe
ndent-resistors
www.instructables.com
How-to-Use-a-Light-
Dependent-Resistor
CONCLUSION
Thus LIGHT
DEPENDENT RESISTOR
was prepared as
mentioned.