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Final Fluids Design Expe
Final Fluids Design Expe
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 INTRODUCTION
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
The Ideal Gas* Laws describe the relationship between pressure, volume * and
temperature in a fixed mass* of gas. Charles' law describes the relationship between
temperature and volume at a constant pressure.
The law was named after scientist Jacques Charles, who formulated the original
law in his unpublished work from the 1780s.
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
In 1787, Charles observed that a volume of different gases, when heated to the same
temperature, would increase by the same amount. This result was extended and
published by Gay-Lussac in 1802. It was also re-discovered by John Dalton in 1801.
According to these savants, the volume is linearly dependent on the temperature:
V=V o(1+o)
where is the temperature when measured using the Celsius temperature scale and V o
is the gas' volume at 0oC. is the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for the gas. Gay-
Lussac showed the pressure is likewise linear in temperature: P = Poo (1 + )
Charles studied the compressibility of gases nearly a century after Boyle. In his
experiments he observed "At a fixed pressure, the volume of a gas is proportional to the
temperature of the gas." The experiment is simple:
A cylinder with a piston and a gas is immersed in a bath (e.g. water). A mass is
placed on top of the piston which results in a pressure on the gas. This mass is held
constant which means that the pressure on the gas is constant. The gas volume is
measured as the temperature is increased and V vs. T data point plotted. This is
continued over a large range of temperatures. If the pressure of a particular quantity of
gas held constant, then with any change of state, the volume will vary directly as the
absolute temperature.
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
1.5 OBJECTIVES
The activity aims to determine the change in volume of an object caused by
change in temperature, or change in temperature from the accumulated change in
volume.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Volume - the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is
enclosed within a container, especially when great.
Temperature - is the property that determines whether an object is in thermal
equilibrium with other objects.
Charles Law - is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to
expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles's law is:
When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the
Kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related.
Directly
Proportional - as one amount increases, another amount increases at the same
rate
.
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
In this Chapter an attempt has been made to present a review of past works by
different researchers on the relevant topic. The study of ideal gas law Charles law are
reported in the following section.
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
Circumference
Radius
Volume
For us to discover the above characteristics, Charles law of ideal gas must be
performed.
Charles Law
The Charles/GayLussac law denotes that for a constant pressure, the volume of a gas
is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. In equation form, V = (constant) T. Or if
V is the original volume, T the original Kelvin temperature, V the new volume, and T the
new Kelvin temperature,
Procedure:
2. Using a marker, put a mark on two different points on the opposite sides of the
balloon and create an equatorial line connecting the two.
3. Using a measure tape, measure the circumference of the balloon and compute
for the radius for volume computation.
4. Record the temperature of the cold water and pour it on the surface of the
balloon until it accumulates enough change in temperature to change its
circumference.
5. Measure the circumference and compute for the radius and volume.
6. Using the Charles Law Equation, compute for the change in temperature.
CHAPTER 4:
DOCUMENTATION, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
Accumulated
0 18.29C 31.94C
Temperature
Analysis:
Ci =2 Ri C1 =2 R1
46=2 Ri 45.5=2 R1 C2 =2 R2
Ri=7.32 cm R1=7.24 cm 45.5=2 R2
R2=7.35 cm
4 4
V = R3 V 1= R 13 4
3 3 V 2= R 23
4 3 4 3 3
V i= (7.32) V 1= (7.24) 4
3 3 V 2= (7.35)
3
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Ideal Gas Law Charles Law
Observation:
In the design experiment, we were able to observe the variation of the volume of the
balloon in different temperature situations. The first change in volume occurred when
the balloon undergone cooling process with the use of cold water. The volume of the
balloon decreases as the temperature decreases. The second change in volume
occurred when the balloon undergone heating process by using hot water. The balloon
expanded after it was heated.
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Documentation:
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION OF THE EXPERIMENT
The following conclusions are drawn on the basis of test results obtained on the
experiment of ideal gas law Charles law:
1. Charles Law is the direct proportion of the Volume and the Temperature of a
container of a fluid within a constant pressure. The change in temperature varies
directly proportional with the change in volume.
2. The process of Charles law is different with the other gas laws in terms of
pressure because the pressure in the room is constant in manner as above sea
level.
The results of the work and considerations expressed herein are important for
theoretical and applied physics and therefore require experimental verification. If the
experiments prove correctness of our theoretical conclusions, this will lay the foundation
to qualitatively new research.
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
Websites:
http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/gases/ideal/section2.rhtml
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/gases/charleslaw.html
http://scienceprimer.com/charles-law
Books:
University Physics 6th edition by Serway, Jewett
Thermodynamics by Hipolito Sta Maria