MY PORTFOLIO

ON
BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION

Gomez, Ma. Trisha P.

T05309
Types of Communication

1. Internal communication:

The internal communication could be either oral or written.

a) Oral methods of internal communication: Oral methods of internal

communication include telephone messages, meetings, conferences,
presentations, face-to-face communication, and etc.

b) The written methods of internal communication: The written methods of

internal communication include memos, reports, graphs, notices, forms,
questionnaires, minutes, newsletters, and etc.

2. External communication:

The external communication could also be either oral or written.

a) Oral methods of external communication: Oral methods of external

communication include meetings, conferences, conversations, telephone
messages, presentations, and etc.

b) The written forms of external communication: The written forms of external

communication include leaflets, brochures, press releases, advertisements,
notices, reports, e-mails, faxes, letters and etc.

Written Communication

A message communicated in a written form is known as Written Com. It is word

based com. and is always put into writing and generally used when the audience
is at a distance or when a permanency of record is needed.
Written communication involves any type of interaction that makes use of the
written word. Communication is a key to any endeavor involving more than one
person. Communicating through writing is essential in the modern world and is
becoming ever more so as we participate in what is now commonly called the
information age. In fact, written communication is the most common form of
business communication. It is essential for small business owners and managers
to develop effective written communication skills and to encourage the same in
all employees. The information age has altered the ways in which we
communicate and placed an increasing emphasis on written versus oral
communications.

Memorandum

A memorandum or memo is a document or other communication that helps the

memory by recording events or observations on a topic, such as may be used in
a business office. The plural form is either memoranda or memorandums.

A memorandum may have any format, or it may have a format specific to an office
or institution. In law specifically, a memorandum is a record of the terms of a
transaction or contract, such as a policy memo, memorandum of understanding,
memorandum of agreement, or memorandum of association. Alternative formats
include memos, briefing notes, reports, letters or binders. They could be one
page long or many. If the user is a cabinet minister or a senior executive, the
format might be rigidly defined and limited to one or two pages. If the user is a
colleague, the format is usually much more flexible. At its most basic level, a
memorandum can be a handwritten note to one's supervisor.

Oral Communication

Oral communication involves the exchange of ideas, opinions and information

through verbal means. When communication takes place orally, it is called Oral
Communication. No doubt, it is word communication but not in writing. In Oral
Communication spoken words are used to express meaning in this system
messages are exchange between a communicator and a communicatee through
neither face to face conversation nor group discussion. It may also occur through
telephone call, radio, television etc.

Types of oral communication

Actually we spend most of the time communicating orally whether within the
organization or externally. Oral communication could take a variety of forms or
types, such as:

1. Private discussions

2. Conversation

3. Oral instructions and orders

4. Gossip

5. Telephone conversation

6. Formal meetings

7. Informal meetings

8. Interviews

9. Oral presentations

10. Conferences/seminars
Speech

Is the vocalized form of human communication. It is based upon the syntactic

combination of lexicals and names that are drawn from very large (usually
>10,000 different words) vocabularies. Each spoken word is created out of the
phonetic combination of a limited set of vowel and consonant speech sound
units. These vocabularies, the syntax which structures them, and their set of
speech sound units, differ creating the existence of many thousands of different
types of mutually unintelligible human languages. Human speakers (polyglots)
are often able to communicate in two or more of them. The vocal abilities that
enable humans to produce speech also provide humans with the ability to sing.

Speech is researched in terms of the speech production and speech perception

of the sounds used in spoken language. Other research topics concern speech
repetition, the ability to map heard spoken words into the vocalizations needed to
recreated that plays a key role in the vocabulary expansion in children and
speech errors. Several academic disciplines study these including acoustics,
psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, cognitive science, communication
studies, otolaryngology and computer science. Another area of research is how
the human brain in its different areas such as the Broca's area and Wernicke's
area underlies speech.

Nonverbal communication (NVC)

Is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and

receiving wordless messages. i.e., language is not the only source of
communication, there are other means also. NVC can be communicated through
gestures and touch (Haptic communication), by body language or posture, by
facial expression and eye contact. NVC can be communicated through object
communication such as clothing, hairstyles or even architecture, symbols and
info graphics. Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage,
including voice quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features
such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Dance is also regarded as a nonverbal
communication. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as
handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use of emoticons.

However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on face-to-

face interaction, where it can be classified into three principal areas:
environmental conditions where communication takes place, the physical
characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during
interaction.
 EXAMPLE OF A BUSINESS LETTER

Ms. Maria dela Cruz

Zone Administrator
ABC Mall

Dear Ms. dela Cruz,

XYZ Foods would like to present this Letter of Intent to signify our interest in
leasing a commercial space inside ABC Mall.

We are the business behind the food cart, W Burgers, which has been selling
gourmet hamburgers since 2004. Our products include a variety of hamburger
sandwiches and burger rice meals. We also sell ice cold beverages. Currently,
our burger sandwiches and rice meals sell for P80 each. Our clients are usually
young professionals who order our food as packed meals for lunch or dinner.

The W Burger food cart that we plan to put up would require at least 6 square
meters and a power outlet for a cash register, a small freezer, a rice cooker, a
soda vendo machine and a gas operated frying griddle. The food cart would be
manned by two employees.

We already have 5 branches located in various commercial areas in the city but
this is our first venture in putting up a branch inside a mall. Attached are the
photos of our existing branches.

We believe that our food cart compliments the business concept of ABC Mall
because we cater to the same target market. Thus, we would appreciate it if you
could contact us at 555-0921 during office hours from Mondays to Thursdays, so
we can set up a meeting to discuss this further and possibly come up with a
formal business agreement.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully,
Mr. Pedro Reyes
Sole Proprietor
XYZ Foods – W Burgers

EXAMPLE OF MEMORANDUM

TO: Graduate Council Members

FROM: Dr. Jane Doe

Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences

DATE: September 5, 2002

SUBJECT: ULM COURSE OFFERINGS

After a review of the pharmaceutics curriculum in the Department of Basic

Pharmaceutical Sciences, five new courses are being submitted for approval.
These courses are: (1) Pharmaceutical Preformulation (PHAR 577), (2) Solid State
Chemistry of Drugs (PHAR 578), (3) Dosage Form Design (PHAR 579), (4) Surface
and Interfacial Phenomena (PHAR 583), and (5) Chemical Kinetics and Stability of
Pharmaceuticals (PHAR 584). The proposed new course offering will address new
principles and concepts in pharmaceutics as well as addressing existing
deficiencies in our curriculum.

Please find the enclosed information for each course: a New Graduate Course
Application form, a syllabus, and a Request for New Course Number form.
Your assistance in facilitating the approval of these proposed courses will be
greatly appreciated. If you have any questions, please contact me.

EXAMPLE OF DISCONNECTION NOTICES

 EXAMPLE OF SPEECH
How to Live Normally

By Nickolai Hubble • July 6th, 2010 • Related Articles • Filed Under

About the Author
Having recently escaped from academia, Nick decided to drop his tights (the
required attire of a trapeze artist) and joined Port Phillip Publishing. Instead of
telling everyone about the Daily Reckoning, he now spends his time writing for
the weekend edition.
See All Articles by This Author
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Hyperinflation
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 Learning to Live with Inflation

Filed Under: Australasia • Market

Tags: banking • market failure • pollution • risk aversion • super

How to Live Normally10.0101

"Market failure" is the term given to instances where economists aren't doing
their job. That's because there aren't really any market failures, just things that
economists don't get.
For example, pollution. Everyone knows about pollution, so the market must be
taking it into account. But economists don't understand why people still pollute,
so they call it a market failure. They don't realise that the warmth burning coal
gives is more valuable than the cost of the carbon pollution it puts into the air.
So, the failure is in the economists' perception, not the market's.
But regardless of how you understand the term "market failure", how on earth
could there be market failure in an industry that wouldn't exist without its artificial
creation by government? No, we aren't talking about banking, we're talking about
Super. So was Stuart Washington in The Age:

"The Cooper superannuation review has taken a highly interventionist approach

to regulation after identifying widespread instances of market failure in
Australia's $1.3 trillion superannuation industry."
Market failure? The industry was created by regulation, so it must be a regulatory
failure! But the Cooper Review continued with its ridiculous conclusions:

Rather than relying on the ''efficient markets'' hypothesis of a rational investor

acting rationally, embraced by the Wallis inquiry of 1997, the review found the
assumption and disclosure had failed to deliver a competitive, transparent
market.
''Competition has not effectively driven prices down far enough or created the
efficiencies that we think are quite easily available to it,'' Mr Cooper said
yesterday.
When you turn up to Finance 101 at Australia's universities, you learn some of the
most fundamental principles of ... finance. The financial crisis has left few of them
plausible. The "efficient markets hypothesis" was one of the disproven ones. (Not
that it isn't still taught.)
But even before efficient markets were exposed to be nonsense, nobody would
have argued that an efficient market could exist in an industry that it is
compulsory to participate in. And you don't even participate; you just hand over
the money.
Until recently, one of the remaining still potentially true financial concepts was
"risk aversion" - the idea that, all else equal, people prefer less risk.
But, apparently, that is out of the window too. Just call up NAB to witness the
new world of finance. According to a recent customer, you will be put on hold and
then witness a travesty that goes something like this:

"At NAB, we know that the current economic climate made some lenders
nervous, causing them to decrease or stop lending all together. We did the
opposite. We increase our lending, so our customers can continue to live
normally".
So now you know that next time markets are getting routed again (i.e. now) NAB
will be handing out loans so that "customers can continue to live normally."
Meanwhile, shareholders will be having sleepless nights.
And with Dan in Sydney exposing the housing industry's bubble, NAB could
really be in for some trouble. Remember that Aussie banks, those pillars of risk
aversion, are overexposed to residential property.
And just like he did with Centennial.
Of course, Centennial is just one position Murray has on the go right now. There
are more in the offing - that is, if you're interested to see how a professional
trader sizes up these volatile market conditions...