Introduction : Multiplexing and Multiple Access

Definition:

Multiplexing is a technique by which several

signals are combined together to share the
same transmission medium
When the signals to be multiplexed originate
at different locations, the system is often
described by using the term multiple
access.
Both are used in wireless communication.

Hartleys Law:

Hartleys law demonstrates the theoretical limit to how much information can be
delivered over a medium. Hartleys law shows that time and bandwidth are
equivalent A communications medium can be shared equally by dividing either
quantity among users

Concept of multiplexing

Multiplexing to refer to the combination of information streams from multiple

sources for transmission over a shared medium

Multiplexor is a mechanism that implements the concept

Demultiplexing to refer to the separation of a combination back into separate
information streams Demultiplexor to refer to a mechanism that implements
the concept

In Figure 11.1
illustrates the
concept each
sender

communicates with a single

receiver all pairs share a single transmission medium multiplexor
combines information from the senders for transmission in such a way that the
demultiplexor can separate the information for receivers
Two types of combining signals are:

Multiplexing - combining signals from the same sources

Multiple-access - combining signals from multiple sources

Types of Multiplexing / Multiple Access

1. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) / Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA)
a. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
i. CWDM
ii. DWDM
b. Orthogonal Division Multiplexing (ODM)
c. Single Carrier FDM
2. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) / Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)
a. Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing
b. Statistical Time Division Multiplexing
3. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) / Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)
a. Asynchronous CDMA
b. Collaborative CDMA
4. Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) / Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
5. Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) / Polarization Division Multiple Access
(PDMA)

Application of FDM A
1. FDM is used for FM & AM radio broadcasting.
2. FDM is used in television broadcasting.
3. First generation cellular telephone also uses FDM.

Application of TDMA
1. The plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) system
2. The synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
3. synchronous optical networking (SONET) network
4. The Basic Rate Interface and Primary Rate Interface for the Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN).
5. waveform audio file format (WAV))

Application of CDMA
mathematical approach used in cell phone mechanisms
1. broad band devices such as wireless laptop modems,
2. GPS system units
3. 3G
4. high-speed 4G or LTE internet services.

Application of WDMA
-is a form of FDM used for optical fiber which combining multiple signals
on laser beams at various infrared (IR) wavelengths for transmission along fiber
optic media.
Difference of Multiple Access & Multiplexing

References:

Digital
Communications Fundamentals and Application by Bernard Sklar
Data and Computer Communication by William Stallings
Electronic Communication Systems 2nd Edition Chapter 13 - by Roy Blake
Multiple Access Techniques for wireless communication systems by Schaffner
Harald