This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.

Single-Phase Feedback and Scheduling

Algorithm for MIMO Broadcast System
for Excelling Sum-Rate Capacity
Barsha Bamali Panigrahi, Sagnika Sahoo, Sudhansu Sekhar Singh

capacity gain can be obtained by the use of several antenna at

Abstract- This work proposes a strategic single-phase both transmitter and receiver section. In downlink channel, the
feedback and scheduling algorithm basing upon semi-orthogonal information rate of different user fluctuates in variant slots of
user selection with zero-forcing beam forming. Zero-forcing time.
beam- forming is a spatial signal processing method in order to We have studied and found that it is viable to upgrade the sum
avoid hindrance among users. For a downlink system, the ZFBF
capacity when BS transmits to multiple users simultaneously
algorithm allows a transmitter to send data to the desired users
rather than allowing all antennas to one user at single time.
together. This paper uses semi-orthogonal user algorithm (SUS),
[2][3]
with the feedback of all user channel information, along a base
In MIMO system, with MT transmitting antennas and K >
station device. Thus, the response overhead increases significantly
MT distinct users, the maximum multiplexing gain can be
with the users in order to decrease the feedback load and it fully
exploits the signal-to-interference-with-noise ratio (SINR) attained by zero-forcing beam forming (ZFBF) ,keeping user
preserving orthogonality at all the stages. Accordingly, in this selection procedure semi orthogonal.The broad acceptance of
way a specific section of users provide feedback to their channel this procedure is due to the strong features of multiplexing
information. Further, the sum-rate capacity is theoretically and multi-user diversity. The growth of sum-rate can be further
investigated. We found that there is an improvement of sum-rate increased to IlMT/2 log K, where 11 is a path loss
capacity considering feedback bits fixed, with an increase in the exponent.[I]For sole user system, only a few feedback bits are
number of users. required to achieve near perfect-CSIT (Channel State
Index Terms- Zero-forcing beam-forming, Orthogonality, Information at Transmitter) performance. The receiver
SUS algorithm, sum-rate capacity, fixed feedback bit estimates the CSI (channel state information) for limited
feedback schemes. Thus the multiplexing and multi-user
diversity gain can be achieved simultaneously for limited
feedback. [4] [5]
Here, we propose a single-phase feedback algorithm
I. INTRODUCTION considering the total number of feedback bits fixed in order to
bring balance in the increment in feedback bits correlated to

C
ellular Communication System with polymorphic transmit
the number of users and SNR. The quantized cm (Channel
and receive antennas can procure immense capacity with
Direction Indicator) is used for user scheduling and the cm of
little probability of bit error and less power in multipath
scheduled users is used for beam-forming. The suggested
environments. Thus, multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
method can decrease the sum of feedback bits of ZFBF -SUS
system have been an area of modernistic exploration because
scheme with the condition that only a fraction of users are
of their affiliation to multiplying information rate[I], [2].Now
considered. Thus the sum-rate performance under limited
considering the MIMO technique, it is such a technology that
feedback was studied. The simulation result shows that the
increases the effectiveness by utilizing equal frequency
optimized threshold somewhat minimizes the load of the while
bandwidth over transmitting antennas. The
sustaining the execution of ZFBF -SUS system. [6] [7]
After thorough literature survey the concept of mobility
management in heterogeneous network is summarized and
Barsha Barnali Panigrahi is with the School of Electronics Engineering, analytical system model is developed [8]-[10]. Important
KIlT University, Bhubaneswar-751024,Odisha,lndia;(Phone:7209359743; e
parameters those are very closely linked with the model are
mail: barsha5478@ gmail.com).
Sagnika Sahoo is with the School of Electronics Engineering, KIlT identified and corresponding mathematical model is projected
University,Bhubaneswar-75I 024,Odisha,lndia,(Phone:8763I 6575ge-mail: [11]-[15]. Simulations are made for the model considering all
sagnika2011@gmail.com). the vital parameters. After that observations and result
Sudhansu Sekhar Singh is with the School of Electronics Engineering,
analysis is made to draw a conclusive remark.
KIlT University,Bhubaneswar-75I 024,Odisha,lndia;(e-mail:
sudh_69@yahoo.com).

978-1-4799-8081-9/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE

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 This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.
II. PROPOSED METHOD
A single cell MIMO broadcast system is considered here and
the base station with MT transmitting antennas handles K,
number of users. We have assumed here identical users and
each user experience Rayleigh flat fading. The model of
MIMO broadcast system can be modelled as shown in figl.
BS
Fig. 1. System model of MIMO downlink system
The [2], received signal of user, k can be expressed as:
(1)
Where, x=Ij(s WjSj is a broadcast vector, n" is unit variance
complex Gaussian noise and s is a scheduled firm of users.
We have considered identical power distribution to the users
selected [16]. The carrier between transmitter and any user, k
is given as a MISO (multiple input single output) route vector
which is given by
hH
,, ="1 d"-A 0"H k=I,2,....... K (2)
where d " E: (O,A) is a distance,!l is a path loss exponent.,
E:<e1xNT.
For a bounded feedback-based system, the CDI and CQI are
considered for achieving the sum-rate capacity [17]. Let B as
feedback bits is considered for each user and every one
quantizes its CDI with a codebook, C= {c " ......CN } , N=2 B
III. SEMI-ORTHOGONAL USER SELECTION
ALGORITHM
We have considered here MT as transmitting antennas and MR
as receiving antennas such that at receiving section there is
only one antenna and four transmitting antenna. The CDI of
each user is defined as
h" =
Ilh /lll
(3)
The following expected SINR for CQI feedback is
(4)
The algorithm is described in five steps at the BS:
Step 1: Initially consider m=1 and
Ko= {1,2,.... K}
Step2: Selection of m th user is done by
Y(m)= arg max " eK ( m- l } s-mT;
Step 3: Rejuvenate the resting set of users by
Km= {jE:Km.,: f m
Inorm(h ).norm ( h Y( } ) 1 :; E: }
Step 4: Upgrade the value of m to m+1 and reiterate from
step 2 to step 4 while Km is not empty and m < MT
After the selection of user, the quantized channel vectors of
selected users is done i.e
S={ Y(l), Y(2), ........................ YeN)} where N:; MT
MS The ZFBF vectors are constructed as
H = [ (HY(i))' (HY(O),, (HY(i)) ] (5)
W(S) = H ({jH H) -I .
Every column ofW(S) has been normalized and each beam
forming vector is obtained for k E: S.
Now calculating the sum-rate capacity of channel, we need
to calculate the capacity of the channel.
The potentiality of the channel is given by:
C=B log2 (1+SINR) bps
where, B is bandwidth of the channel
Sum-rate Capacity is defined as taking the average of all
channel capacity with respect to its bandwidth.
C/B= log2 (l+SINR) bps/HZ
O IV. ADDITIONAL PARAMETER
Under the[ 18], presumption of Rayleigh flat fading partially
inter-related channel model, the components of tk are
independent identically distributed (i.i.d) with unit variance
and zero mean, C(O,I)
The CSI model is considered as t=/J f + er for single antenna
at receiving side. The actual CSI is t E: <e'xNT, f E: C'xNT is the
achieved CSI, er E: <e1xNT is the error vector. The components
2
of er are identically distributed and C(O, I_p ), P is the error
factor[19].
In TDD Systems, the outcome of channel error from the
innate delay between uplink and downlink transmission is
obtained in CSI delay case. Considering Jakes model, P is
given as
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 This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.

SUS with 8=4, ap:.3 a.P:20dB

"

Where 10 is Bessel Function of zero-order and 1 st kind

20

fa is Doppler's spread i

Ta is CSI delay f"

In practise, it is considered that distinctive users have distinct
"
channel error factor, and this is due to variation in SNR and
difference in Doppler Frequency between users [20]. The
channel CSI error model for pth antenna of kth user is specified
as,
,,' ,,' ,,' ,,'
NUMBER OF USERS, K

Fig. 4.Sum rate(bps/Hz) vs Number of users, K with ep=.3 and P=20dB

(6)
sus WITH & WITHOUT DELAY CONSIDERING S-4blt

Where t" , , t" ,p , e r",p are lxMT vectors

p

V. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The detailed simulated results to analyze the execution of the

system designed, is shown in this segment. We have
'r--
considered s11iTk as cm value, A=lOOO m and ).=4. For

achieving better sum-rate capacity we have granted ep=.25 and . '" .. .. 10 .. 90 '00
NUMBER OF useRS

MT =4 with P=10 dB. Fig. 5. Sum rate(bps/Hz) vs Number of users ,K considering delay
and without delay
sus wfth ZFBF with 8=4, .p=.25&P=10dB

In the above Fig 5, the channel between transmitter and

receiver is considered a perfect CSI but we have found that
when receiver feeds back the information to transmitter, it
"
forms CSIT (Channel State Information at Transmitter)
channel. As a result of which there is delay between
transmission and reception, thus we could not get perfect
10

results. After adding delay to the channel we have found

authentic sum-rate capacity considering K=lOO, number of
users.

Number Dr users, K
Here SUS algorithm significantly improves each user's
SINR and preserving orthogonality. The MIMO broadcast
Fig 2. Sum rate(bps/Hz) vs Number of users, K system ensures high data rate transmission while minimizing
the bit error rate.

VI. CONCLUSION
20
Our proposed technique is based upon MATLAB
Simulation and found that we got a better result of sum rate
capacity in a single stage homogenous network. For better
design and better transmission of information in channel, delay
is considered to avoid the loss of time period during
transmission. We have observed a linear incremental
relationship between that sum-rate capacity and the number of
users. Thus the system proposed found better sum-rate
Numb,r0' Ultl'l,t<
capacity without any loss with limited feedback bits.
Fig. 3. Sum rate(bps/Hz) vs Number of users, K with ep= Further scope, we can increase the number of receiving
.3 antennas and compare the result with single antenna at
receiving side.

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 This full-text paper was peer-reviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We thank School Of Electronics Engineering KIlT

University administration for their throughout co-operation
and laboratory support.
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