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Simbolización Cartografía Geológica PDF
Simbolización Cartografía Geológica PDF
Simbolización Cartografía Geológica PDF
August 2006
Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Federal Geographic Data Committee
Cover: Geologic map extracted from Brosg and others, 2001 [Brosg, W.P., Reiser, H.N., Dutro,
J.T., Jr., Detterman, R.L., and Tailleur, I.L., 2001, Geologic map of the Arctic quadrangle, Alaska:
U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map I2673, 2 sheets, scale 1:200,000]
FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
August 2006
Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Federal Geographic Data Committee
Recommended reference:
Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S.
Geological Survey], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization: Reston,
Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006, 290 p., 2 plates.
Established by Office of Management and Budget Circular A-16, the Federal Geographic Data Committee
(FGDC) promotes the coordinated development, use, sharing, and dissemination of geographic data.
The FGDC is composed of representatives from the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy,
Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, State, and Transportation; the Environmental Protection Agency;
the Federal Emergency Management Agency; the Library of Congress; the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; the National Archives and Records Administration; and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Additional Federal agencies participate on FGDC subcommittees and working groups. The Department of the
Interior chairs the committee.
FGDC subcommittees work on issues related to data categories coordinated under the circular. Subcommittees
establish and implement standards for data content, quality, and transfer; encourage the exchange of information
and the transfer of data; and organize the collection of geographic data to reduce duplication of effort. Working
groups are established for issues that transcend data categories.
For more information about the committee, or to be added to the committee's newsletter mailing list, please
contact:
CONTENTS
Page
1. Introductory Material ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Objective ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Applicability .................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Related Standards ............................................................................................................ 2
1.5 Standards Development Procedures .................................................................................... 2
1.6 Maintenance Authority ..................................................................................................... 4
2. Background ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Relation to Previous U.S. Geological Survey Standards .......................................................... 4
2.2 Changes from Previous Standards ....................................................................................... 5
2.3 Preparers of This Standard ................................................................................................ 6
3. Geologic Mapping Concepts and Definitions .............................................................................. 7
3.1 Geologic Maps ............................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Geologic Map Databases ................................................................................................ 8
3.3 Geologic Map Units ....................................................................................................... 8
3.3.1 Geologic Time, the Ages of Rock Units, and Geologic Age Symbols .............................. 8
3.3.2 Map-Unit Labels .................................................................................................. 9
3.4 Planar Geologic Features ................................................................................................ 9
3.4.1 Contacts ............................................................................................................. 9
3.4.1.1 Discrete versus Gradational Contacts ........................................................... 10
3.4.2 Key Beds ............................................................................................................ 10
3.4.3 Faults ................................................................................................................. 11
3.4.3.1 Discrete Faults versus Fault Zones ............................................................... 11
3.4.4 Folds ................................................................................................................. 12
3.5 Linear Geologic Features ................................................................................................ 12
3.6 Geologic Point Features .................................................................................................. 13
3.6.1 Planar-Feature Geologic Point Data ......................................................................... 13
3.6.1.1 Point Symbols for Planar Features, and Their Placement Relative to Point
of Observation ......................................................................................... 13
3.6.1.2 Specialized Planar-Feature Point Symbols for Multiple Observations at
One Locality ........................................................................................... 14
3.6.2 Linear-Feature Geologic Point Data ......................................................................... 14
3.6.2.1 Point Symbols for Linear Features, and Their Placement Relative to Point
of Observation ......................................................................................... 14
3.6.3 Informational Geologic Point Data .......................................................................... 14
3.6.3.1 Locality-Information Point Data .................................................................. 15
3.6.3.2 Line-Symbol Decorations .......................................................................... 15
4. Scientific Confidence and Locational Accuracy of Geologic Features ............................................. 15
4.1 Scientific Confidence ..................................................................................................... 16
4.1.1 Identity .............................................................................................................. 16
4.1.2 Existence ............................................................................................................ 16
4.1.3 Levels of Scientific Confidence ............................................................................... 16
4.1.4 Cartographic Representation of Scientific Confidence ................................................. 17
4.2 Locational Accuracy ...................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 Locatability ......................................................................................................... 18
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Page
4.2.2 Positioning .......................................................................................................... 18
4.2.2.1 Specifying Positional Accuracy with the Zone of Confidence ........................... 19
4.2.2.2 Accommodating Different Values of the Zone of Confidence ........................... 22
4.2.3 Levels of Locational Accuracy ................................................................................ 23
4.2.4 Cartographic Representation of Locational Accuracy .................................................. 23
5. Guidelines for Map Color and Pattern Selection .......................................................................... 24
5.1 Factors That Influence Color and Pattern Selection .............................................................. 24
5.1.1 Purpose of Map .................................................................................................... 24
5.1.2 Age and Type of Rock .......................................................................................... 25
5.1.3 Size of Map-Unit Areas ......................................................................................... 25
5.1.4 Contrast .............................................................................................................. 26
5.2 Specifying Color for Map-Unit Areas ................................................................................ 26
5.3 Use of Patterns ............................................................................................................. 26
5.3.1 Overprint Patterns ................................................................................................ 26
5.3.2 Dropout Patterns .................................................................................................. 27
5.4 Specifying Color for Line and Point Symbols ..................................................................... 27
6. Guidelines for Map Labeling ................................................................................................... 27
6.1 Strategies for Map Labeling ............................................................................................ 27
6.2 Font Selection .............................................................................................................. 28
6.3 Type Size and Style ....................................................................................................... 28
6.4 Label Placement ............................................................................................................ 28
6.5 Leader Placement .......................................................................................................... 29
7. Technical Specifications Used in the Preparation of this Standard ................................................... 29
7.1 Units for Lineweights, Lengths, and Distances ..................................................................... 29
7.2 Type Specifications ........................................................................................................ 29
7.3 Color Specifications for Line and Point Symbols .................................................................. 29
7.4 Color Specifications for Map-Unit Areas ............................................................................ 30
7.5 Pattern Specifications ...................................................................................................... 31
7.6 Geologic Age Symbol Font ............................................................................................. 31
8. Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. 31
9. References ........................................................................................................................... 32
FIGURES
Page
1. Diagram Showing Relation of New FGDC Standard Terminology to Historically Used Terminology
and to Traditional Line Symbol Styles ....................................................................................... 20
2. Flowchart Showing Example of Logical Steps That Might Be Used to Determine Appropriate Line
Symbol Styles and Associated Terminology ................................................................................ 21
3. Figure Showing Examples of the Zone of Confidence for Planar, Linear, and Point Features ................ 22
TABLES
Page
1. Chart Showing Conversion Values from Inches (in) to Points (pts) to Millimeters (mm).................... Aiv
2. Abbreviations Used in This Standard........................................................................................ Av
3. Spot Color Specifications Used in This Standard and Their Equivalent Colors in Other Color Models... Av
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
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Page
7. Cleavage ........................................................................................................................ A71
8. Foliation ........................................................................................................................ A81
8.1 Generic Foliation (Origin Not Known or Not Specified) .................................................. A81
8.2 Primary Foliation or Layering (in Igneous Rocks) .......................................................... A81
8.3 Secondary Foliation (Caused by Metamorphism Or Tectonism) ........................................ A83
9. Lineation ........................................................................................................................ A91
10. Paleontological Features .................................................................................................. A101
10.1 Fossil Locality........................................................................................................ A101
10.2 Fossil Symbols ...................................................................................................... A101
11. Geophysical and Structure Contours .................................................................................. A111
12. Fluvial and Alluvial Features ............................................................................................ A121
13. Glacial and Glaciofluvial Features ..................................................................................... A131
14. Periglacial Features ........................................................................................................ A141
15. Lacustrine and Marine Features ........................................................................................ A151
16. Eolian Features .............................................................................................................. A161
17. Landslide and Mass-Wasting Features ................................................................................ A171
18. Volcanic Features .......................................................................................................... A181
19. Natural Resources .......................................................................................................... A191
19.1 Veins and Mineralized Areas; Mineral Resource Areas; Metamorphic Facies Boundary ....... A191
19.2 Areas of Extensively Disturbed Ground; Surface Workings; Subsurface Workings
Projected to Surface .............................................................................................. A192
19.3 Mining and Mineral Exploration (at Surface) ............................................................... A193
19.4 Mines and Subsurface Workings ............................................................................... A195
19.5 Oil and Gas Fields; Wells Drilled for Hydrocarbon Exploration or Exploitation ................. A196
20. Hazardous Waste Sites .................................................................................................... A201
21. Neotectonic and Earthquake-Hazard Features ...................................................................... A211
22. Plate-Tectonic Features ................................................................................................... A221
23. Miscellaneous Uplift and Collapse Features ........................................................................ A231
24. Terrestrial Impact Features .............................................................................................. A241
25. Planetary Geology Features ............................................................................................. A251
26. Geohydrologic Features .................................................................................................. A261
26.1 Water Wells .......................................................................................................... A261
26.2 Springs ................................................................................................................. A264
26.3 Water Gaging Stations ............................................................................................ A265
26.4 Quality-of-Water Sites ............................................................................................ A266
26.5 Geohydrologic Contours .......................................................................................... A267
26.6 Geohydrologic Lines ............................................................................................... A268
26.7 Miscellaneous Geohydrologic Features ....................................................................... A269
27. Weather Stations ............................................................................................................ A271
28. Transportation Features ................................................................................................... A281
29. Boundaries ................................................................................................................... A291
30. Topographic And Hydrographic Features ........................................................................... A301
30.1 Topographic, Bathymetric, And Glacier Contours ......................................................... A301
30.2 Drainage Features .................................................................................................. A304
30.3 Miscellaneous Topographic and Hydrographic Features ................................................. A306
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Page
31. Miscellaneous Map Elements ........................................................................................... A311
32. Geologic Age Symbol Font ("FGDCGeoAge") .................................................................... A321
33. Suggested Ranges of Map-Unit Colors for Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks and for Stratigraphic
Ages of Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks ..................................................................... A331
33.1 Suggested Range of Map-Unit Colors for Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks ............................ A331
33.2 Suggested Range of Map-Unit Colors for Stratigraphic Ages of Sedimentary and
Metamorphic Rocks .............................................................................................. A331
34. State Location Maps ....................................................................................................... A341
34.1 Individual States; District of Columbia; Guam; Puerto Rico; U.S. Virgin Islands ................ A341
34.2 Conterminous States ............................................................................................... A343
35. Bar Scales .................................................................................................................... A351
36. Mean Declination Arrows ................................................................................................ A361
36.1 Magnetic North, East of True North ........................................................................... A361
36.2 Magnetic North, West of True North .......................................................................... A363
37. Lithologic Patterns ......................................................................................................... A371
37.1 Sedimentary-Rock Lithologic Patterns ........................................................................ A371
37.2 Metamorphic-Rock, Igneous-Rock, and Vein-Matter Lithologic Patterns .......................... A373
38. Explanation for Pattern Chart ........................................................................................... A381
39. Explanation for CMYK Color Chart .................................................................................. A391
INDEX
PLATES
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
1.INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL
1.1OBJECTIVE
This document provides a single national standard for the digital cartographic representation of geologic map
features. This standard is intended to support the Nation's producers and users of geologic map information by
providing line symbols, point symbols, and colors and patterns that can be used to portray the various features
on geologic maps. The objective of this standard is to aid in the production of geologic maps and related
products, as well as to help provide geologic maps and products that are more consistent in both their
appearance and their underlying database content.
A geologic map is a cartographic product that expresses information about the geology of a particular area. The
map uses graphical elements such as line symbols, point symbols, and colored or patterned areas to portray
complex geological information such as the composition, age, genesis, and extent of an area's geologic
materials, as well as the geometry, orientation, and character of the geologic structures that have deformed
them.
Geologic maps generally are intended for use by both the geoscience professional and the general public;
however, designing and preparing a geologic map that will inform such an audience can be a daunting task
because of the complexity of both the mapping concepts and the geologic information. The imperative for clear
communication of geologic map information to a diverse audience was outlined early in the history of the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) by then-Director John Wesley Powell, who stated that "the maps are designed not so
much for the specialist as for the people, who justly look to the official geologist for a classification,
nomenclature, and system of convention so simple and expressive as to render his work immediately available
alike to the theoretic physicist or astronomer, the practical engineer or miner, and the skilled agriculturist or
artisan" (Powell, 1888, p. 229).
The consistent, unambiguous expression of geologic map information is even more critical now because such
information increasingly is compiled, stored, manipulated, and exchanged in digital files and geospatial
databases. In the digital files, the cartographic representation of each feature on a geologic map must have a
unique and explicit meaning, and it also must be compatible with the feature's attributes in the geologic map
database. To that end, the preparers of this standard reviewed existing formal and informal USGS geologic map
symbolization standards and adapted them for implementation with modern digital mapmaking systems and
geospatial databases.
This standard attempts to facilitate geologic map communication and comprehension by providing clear and
familiar symbology, thereby ensuring that the lines, points, and areas on the map convey the same meaning to
all information producers and users. This standard also endeavors to clarify some of the concepts of geologic
mapping, as well as to standardize some of the terminology used to describe the various features on a geologic
map.
Although this standard is herein formalized, it is not intended to be used inflexibly or in a manner that will
unduly restrict a geologist's ability to communicate the observations and interpretations gained from geologic
mapping. On the contrary, this standard recognizes that, in certain situations, an existing symbol or its usage
might need to be modified to fit a particular geologic situation or setting. Likewise, this standard recognizes that
a new symbol or set of symbols may need to be created to more fully express local geologic conditions or to
keep pace with evolving geologic mapping concepts and practices. Accordingly, such new or modified symbols,
if found to be of wide applicability, will be incorporated into this standard through planned, periodic revisions.
1.2SCOPE
This standard contains descriptions, examples, cartographic specifications, and notes on usage for a wide
variety of symbols that may be used on typical, general-purpose geologic maps and related products such as
cross sections. However, the standard also can be used for different kinds of special-purpose or derivative map
products and databases that may be focused on a specific geoscience topic (for example, slope stability) or class
of features (for example, a fault map). The standard is scale-independent, meaning that the symbols are
appropriate for use with geologic mapping compiled or published at any scale. It is designed for use by anyone
who either produces or uses geologic map information, whether in analog or digital form.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
1.3APPLICABILITY
This document establishes standards that are applicable to all geologic map information (in other words,
geologic maps and databases) published by the Federal Government and its Federally funded contractors and
collaborators. Non-Federal agencies and private firms that produce geologic map information also are urged to
adopt the standard.
The standard applies to all forms of geologic map publications, whether they are released as (1) hard-copy
products, in either offset-print or plot-on-demand format, or (2) digital products, either as files for spatial
analysis in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as Portable Document Format (PDF) files in online
publications, or as browse-graphic files for display on the World Wide Web. In particular, the standard applies
to all geologic map products archived within the National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB), which is
administered by the USGS: geologic map products submitted to and incorporated within the NGMDB will
conform to this standard.
1.4RELATED STANDARDS
The USGS traditionally has established nationally applicable cartographic standards for the production of
geologic map information, both explicitly, through various formal and informal standards documents (see
Section 2.1 below, entitled "Relation to Previous U.S. Geological Survey Standards"), and implicitly, through
the cartographic content of its publications. This standard supersedes any existing USGS formal or informal
cartographic standards for geologic maps.
During preparation of this standard, its relation to other standards or standards-development activities was
assessed, and no significant conflicts were found. For example, the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) Standard 710, Parts 14, describes a general schema for graphical display of a selected
set of geologic map symbols. Although similar to some that are included in this standard, they were found to
have limited applicability. In addition, similar standards have been developed in other agencies of the Federal
Government, including the U.S. Forest Service (in the geology component of their Terra database), the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (in the geology component of their Spatial Data Standard for Facilities, Infrastructure,
and the Environment [SDSFIE]), and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (in their Engineering Geology Office
Manual). These were found to be somewhat specialized and limited in their coverage of geologic map features.
Conversely, this standard provides comprehensive coverage of symbology for a broad range of geologic map
features.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
as the "Cartographic and Digital Standard for Geologic Map Information" (U.S. Geological Survey, 1995a,
1995b). In 1996, this proposed standard was formally reviewed by geologists and cartographers from the USGS,
as well as from the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), which represents the State geological
surveys, and from the FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee, which is composed of representatives from Federal
agencies that produce or use geologic map information. That review (Soller, 1996) indicated the need for some
revision to the proposed standard prior to its consideration by the FGDC for formal adoption as a Federal
standard.
In 1996, plans were outlined to create a revised and updated Federal standard, and an early standards-
development group was formed (see Section 2.3 below, entitled "Preparers of This Standard"). A proposal
to develop the revised standard was submitted by the FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee (see
http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/mapsymbprop.php), and the FGDC accepted that proposal in 1997. Later
that year, the standards-development group produced a preliminary version of the draft standard, which was
circulated among selected USGS and State geological survey personnel for review. Comments were
incorporated and, in 1999, the revised draft standard was submitted (as the "Working Draft") to the FGDC
Geologic Data Subcommittee for consideration. Upon review and subsequent approval by the Subcommittee,
the Working Draft was submitted to the FGDC Standards Working Group, which, in 2000, approved the
document for public review as the "Public Review Draft" (see below), pending adoption of minor changes.
The Public Review Draft of this standard was finalized and then published in April 2000 (Federal Geographic
Data Committee, 2000; see also, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000). In May 2000, the public was invited to
review the draft standard and to provide comments and suggestions for revision (see
http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/geolsymstd/prd/index.php). At the end of the 120day public review period
(May 19 through September 15, 2000), all comments and suggestions pertaining to the Public Review Draft
were compiled, and a plan was developed to address the comments and make the necessary changes. Under this
plan, a standing Map Symbol Standards Committee was formed to assist in the resolution of the public's review
comments and suggestions, as well as in the long-term maintenance of the standard. Committee members were
drawn from the geologic mapping community in the State geological surveys, academia, and the USGS (see
Section 2.3 below, entitled "Preparers of This Standard").
Revisions to the standards document began in 2001. In July 2005, the revised standard was approved by the
Map Symbol Standards Committee, and then it was submitted to the FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee to
begin the final approval process. After review and subsequent approval by the Geologic Data Subcommittee, as
well as by the FGDC's Standards Working Group, Coordination Group, and Steering Committee, the final
standard (this document) was formally approved as an FGDC standard in August 2006.
This standard will be managed as a "living" standardthat is, it will be maintained and revised as needed to
reflect new mapping concepts or evolving usage conventions. The initial release of this FGDC-approved
standard is available as an offset-printed document, supplemented by an online (PDF) version. However, all
future updates to this standards document will be released online in PDF format only. To help maintain an
up-to-date hard-copy version of the standards document, this initial offset-printed release has been designed in
a "loose-leaf" format. Subsequent updates to this standards document may be downloaded as PDF files from the
FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee website (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/) and then printed out and
inserted where appropriate into a loose-leaf binder. These online updates will be the authoritative reference.
Because this standard is intended for use with digital applications, a PostScript implementation of the Public
Review Draft was informally released as a USGS Open-File Report (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000). This early
PostScript implementation enabled reviewers to directly apply the standard to geologic maps and illustrations
prepared in desktop illustration and (or) publishing software. The PostScript implementation has been updated
to reflect changes found in the now-approved standard and has been released as a USGS Techniques and
Methods report (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006). Additionally, preliminary work on an ArcGIS implementation
may be completed in the future and released as a USGS report. Information regarding these implementation
efforts will be posted on the FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee website (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/).
Questions and comments about, or suggested additions to, this standard may be submitted by email to
mapsymbol@flagmail.wr.usgs.gov or mailed to Geologic Map Symbol Standard, c/o David R. Soller, National
Geologic Map Database, U.S. Geological Survey, 926A National Center, Reston, Virginia, 20192.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
1.6MAINTENANCE AUTHORITY
On behalf of the FGDC, the USGS will maintain this Federal standard. The responsibility for coordinating
Federal geologic mapping information is stipulated by Office of Management and Budget Circular A16
(see http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a016/a016.html). The Geologic Mapping Act of 1992 (see
http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ncgmpabout/ngmact/ngmact1992 and subsequent reauthorizations) stipulates a
requirement for standards development under the auspices of the National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB).
Under this authority, the NGMDB will function on behalf of the USGS as coordinator of this maintenance
activity (see http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/geolsymstd/maintenance.php). Maintenance will be conducted in
cooperation with the AASG, which is the USGS's partner in the Geologic Mapping Act. The NGMDB will
continue to rely on the Map Symbol Standards Committee to assist in its maintenance efforts. The Committee
membership comes from the NGMDB, the USGS scientific staff and Publications Groups, the AASG, and the
academic community (see Section 2.3 below, entitled "Preparers of This Standard"). The Committee will, as
needed, review comments and suggestions for revisions, additions, and deletions to the standard.
2.BACKGROUND
2.1RELATION TO PREVIOUS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STANDARDS
Soon after the USGS was established in 1879, USGS geologists began to map and assess the Nation's lands,
including many areas previously unexplored by Europeans. A new publication series, the Geologic Atlas (or
"Folio") series, was created to publish many of these maps. Beginning prior to 1881, the USGS, then under the
direction of John Wesley Powell, began to identify geologic and cartographic standards and conventions
necessary to uniformly portray the geology in this series: "In providing for the publication of this large body of
material, it seemed wise to adopt a common system of general nomenclature, a uniform color scheme for
geographic geology, a system of conventional characters for diagrams, and a form for geologic and topographic
charts and atlases" (Powell, 1882a, p. XL; see also, Powell, 1882b, for an elaboration on the proposed
standards). Following an 1889 Conference on Map Publication, these standards were articulated in more detail
and then were published (Powell, 1890).
The standards that were adopted by the USGS in the 1880s served as a strong foundation for the Nation's
geological science. Paramount to systematized geologic mapping was the adoption of a standard rock
stratigraphic nomenclature, a naming convention for geologic formations, and the subdivisions of geologic time.
Another significant contribution was the adoption of a standardized color scheme for displaying geologic map
units. This scheme used pure, single-ink colors, usually a different one for each geologic time period; to achieve
this, a practical and informative system of overprint patterns also was developed, which served to differentiate
the various mapped units within a single time period. Although this single-ink color scheme did not persist
intact in the twentieth century because of the emergence of more modern printing technologies (for example,
the combining of CMYKcyan, magenta, yellow, and blackinks to produce a greater variety of colors),
many of the overprint patterns that were developed then are still in use today.
In the following decades, as the geological sciences advanced, the concepts of geologic processes and historical
geology became more complex, and new insights and refinements required more map symbols and precise
scientific cartographic methods to convey details of geology. In 1920, the USGS published a manual on the
preparation of illustrations (Ridgway, 1920). By that time, the need for standardization had become urgent:
"More than 200 symbols have been used on maps to express 25 different kinds of data, a fact indicating at once
a notable lack of uniformity and a need of standardization" (Ridgway, 1920, p. 20). The manual addressed
various issues associated with geologic cartography, including standard symbology for geologic maps and cross
sections (for example, geologic line and point symbols, water wells, oil and gas wells, coal seams, mine
workings, and topographic and other base-category information) and stratigraphic columns (for example,
lithologic patterns).
After 1920, and throughout much of the twentieth century, the maintenance of USGS standards for geologic
map symbolization and cartography was an internal and somewhat informal process enacted through official
USGS policy. For example, USGS Chief Geologist W.H. Bradley (written commun., 1956) adopted
recommendations and a list of symbols from the Map Symbol Committee (E.N. Goddard, Chairman), and
USGS Chief Geologist D.L. Peck (written commun., 1978) adopted recommendations from the committee for
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
lineweight changes to facilitate digital output at high resolutions. The old pattern numbers have been revised
and the patterns are now organized into seven geologically relevant series. A few new patterns have been added,
and some have been eliminated. In addition, each pattern in the Pattern Chart, as well as each color in the
CMYK Color Chart, has associated with it a generic lookup-table number that, if desired, may be used to access
the pattern (or color) from within digital applications.
Also included in this new standard is a diagram showing suggested ranges of map-unit colors for stratigraphic
ages of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, as well as for volcanic and plutonic rocks. In addition, a new
geologic age symbol font ("FGDCGeoAge") has been added. Three new sections that address map marginalia
have been included: (1) quadrangle location maps for each of the 50 states (and District of Columbia, Guam,
Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands), as well as a map of the 48 conterminous states (so that quadrangle
locations covering more than one state can be shown); (2) a variety of bar scales, as well as calculation tables
that show how to convert between inches, miles, and kilometers; and (3) a series of mean declination arrows,
showing magnetic north both east and west of true north.
A few new informational sections have been added to the introductory material in this standard. The section
entitled "Guidelines for Map Color and Pattern Selection" provides useful information on color selection and
the use of patterns. The section entitled "Guidelines for Map Labeling" provides recommendations on
placement of text on a map.
The most significant update to this standard is the addition of two important sections to the introductory
material. The section entitled "Geologic Mapping Concepts and Definitions" provides basic information about
some of the fundamental concepts of geologic mapping, as well as defines and categorizes the various types of
geologic map features. The section entitled "Scientific Confidence and Locational Accuracy of Geologic
Features" clarifies the concepts of, and establishes new terminology for, the levels of scientific confidence and
locational accuracy of geologic map features.
In response to reviewer's comments (Soller, 1996), much of the first part of the 1995 USGS proposed standard
has been abandoned because it was either not pertinent to this standard (for example, the sections on geologic
map content, metadata, and geocoding) or not widely applicable to the full range of mapping situations (for
example, the specification of a "1.0 mm accuracy standard"). In addition, no attempt has been made in this new
standard to provide detailed definitions for the geologic features represented by the various symbols. For such
information, please refer to one of a number of reference books available; an excellent source is the American
Geological Institute's Glossary of Geology (Jackson, 1997 [4th ed.]; Neuendorf and others, 2005 [5th ed.]).
1
Unless otherwise noted, persons listed as contributors to the "FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for
Geologic Map Symbolization" participated in the preparation of the following versions of the standard:
Working Draft; Public Review Draft (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2000) and its PostScript
implementation (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000); and the now FGDC-approved standard (this document)
and its PostScript implementation (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006).
6
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
Taryn Lindquist, and David Soller (all USGS)Referees and reviewers of public comments and
subsequent revisions, Public Review Draft (Jonathan Matti is especially noted for his guidance on
issues of scientific confidence and locational accuracy).
Sara Boore (USGS; Publication Graphics Specialist, Western Publications Group)Book designer, FGDC
Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization; designer, point symbols, line symbols,
color charts, and patterns, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
F. Craig Brunstein (USGS; Geologic Map Editor, Central Publications Group)Technical reviewer,
Working Draft.
Alessandro J. Donatich (USGS; Geologic Map Editor, Central Publications Group)Technical reviewer,
Working Draft.
Carolyn Donlin (USGS; Online Publications Specialist and Geologic Map Editor, Western Publications
Group)Preparer, online publication of Public Review Draft (PostScript implementation).
Michael F. Diggles (USGS; CD-ROM Publications Specialist and Online Publications Specialist, Western
Publications Group)Preparer, CD-ROM publications of PostScript implementations; preparer, online
publication of FGDC-approved standard (PostScript implementation).
Kevin Ghequiere (USGS; Cartographer, Western Publications Group)Designer, patterns, FGDC Digital
Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
Richard D. Koch (USGS; Digital Map Specialist, Western Publications Group)Designer, geologic age
symbol font, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
Diane E. Lane (USGS; Geologic Map Editor, Central Publications Group)Technical reviewer, Working
Draft.
Susan E. Mayfield (USGS; Publication Graphics Specialist, Western Publications Group)Designer, color
charts and patterns, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
Kathryn Nimz (USGS; Digital Map Specialist, Western Publications Group)Designer, patterns, FGDC
Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
Glenn Schumacher (USGS; Publication Graphics Specialist, Western Publications Group)Designer, bar
scales, mean declination arrows, and quadrangle location maps, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for
Geologic Map Symbolization.
Stephen L. Scott (USGS; Publication Graphics Specialist, Western Publications Group)Designer, point
symbols and line symbols, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
Will Stettner (USGS; Cartographer, Eastern Publications Group)Technical reviewer, Working Draft.
Jos F. Vigil (USGS; Motion Graphics Specialist, Western Publications Group)Designer, geologic age
symbol font, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization.
Jan L. Zigler (USGS; Geologic Map Editor, Western Publications Group)Technical reviewer, Working
Draft.
7
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
numbers, and fault names. Thus, an appropriately symbolized and labeled geologic map can portray
comprehensive information about the composition, age, and genesis of the geologic materials and the nature of
their boundaries, as well as the character and three-dimensional geometry of the geologic structures that have
deformed them. In addition, such geologic map information usually is drawn onto a base map that also uses
graphical elements to represent the topography, drainage, and cultural features of an area, and so a geologic map
also can depict the spatial relation of the various geologic features to the physical landscape. Other things that
may be shown on a geologic map include information about the geomorphology, pedology, paleontology, rock
alteration and mineralization, geophysics, geochemistry, or geochronology of an area.
3.3.1Geologic Time, the Ages of Rock Units, and Geologic Age Symbols
The USGS has published a scheme for the major divisions of geologic time, the age estimates of the boundaries,
and the specialized geologic age symbols to be used on geologic maps (Hansen, 1991). This particular scheme
was formally adopted after a 1980 meeting of the Geologic Names Committee of the USGS (Hansen, 1991). In
8
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addition, several other schemes of geologic time boundaries have been published (see, for example, Harland and
others, 1982, 1989; Palmer, 1983; Snelling, 1985; Berggren and others, 1995; Gradstein and Ogg, 1996; Haq
and van Eysinga, 1998; International Union of Geological Sciences, 1998; Palmer and Geissman, 1999), each of
which is based on different assumptions, techniques, and (or) data. Any formally published age scheme may be
used for a particular map, as long as which scheme was used is specified on the map and in the geologic map
database.
3.3.2Map-Unit Labels
A map-unit label is an alphanumeric symbol that identifies the geologic map unit on the map. The map-unit
symbol is an abbreviated acronym that usually is made up of, in the following order, (1) either capital letters or
geologic age symbols indicating the age of the geologic unit (see Appendix A, Section 32), and (2) lower case
letters denoting the name or the lithologic characteristics of the geologic unit. In some cases, numerical
subscripts are added to designate different subunits (for example, members or individual lava flows) within a
geologic unit.
Map-unit labels are added to the geologic map wherever necessary to clearly identify the various geologic map
units. In addition, map-unit labels are included among the feature attributes in the geologic map database,
thereby designating each mapped area as belonging to a particular geologic map unit.
3.4.1Contacts
A contact is a planar surface that bounds a geologic unit (except where that bounding surface is a fault; see
discussion below in Section 3.4.3, entitled "Faults"). A contact is intrinsic to the genesis of each geologic unit;
that is, the contact delineates the stratigraphic position where, owing to changing environmental conditions or
other genetic factors at the time of origin, the properties and characteristics of one geologic unit change, either
abruptly or gradually, to those of another geologic unit.
Discussion of contacts in this standard primarily pertains to those that have been mapped in the field (for
example, contacts that bound formations, members, beds, lava flows, or intrusions). Contacts can also exist
between higher rank units, although these contacts typically are not mapped in the field; instead, they are
concepts that may arise later when lower rank stratigraphic units are combined into higher rank stratigraphic
units (see discussion of lithostratigraphic boundaries by the North American Commission on Stratigraphic
Nomenclature, 1983, p. 85658).
Contacts can be classified as one of a number of types, depending on the nature or origin of the contact and
the geologic units that it separates. Examples of such contact types include the following: sedimentary
(conformable; unconformable, etc.); alluvial; landslide; residual; igneous (intrusive, extrusive, pyroclastic);
metamorphic; and high-strain (cataclastic, mylonitic, tectonic). If available, supplemental information about a
contact's type is added as a feature attribute to the geologic map database; however, specialized line symbols
usually are not used to represent these various contact types. In general, unless otherwise stated on the geologic
map or in the geologic map database, contacts should be considered generic; that is, they have no particular type
or identity.
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The geologic age of a contact also may be specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database, but
rarely is this characteristic symbolized on the geologic map; if desired, such information can be communicated
by the addition of geologic point data or annotation placed along the trace of the contact. In addition, specific
information collected about a contact's local surface exposure, orientation or character can be added as geologic
point data and annotation placed along the trace of the contact where the observation was made.
3.4.2Key Beds
A key bed is an easily identifiable stratigraphic marker bed within a geologic unit. Although a key bed is a
three-dimensional volume rather than a two-dimensional surface, commonly it is too thin to depict as a
map-unit area at most map scales, and so it usually is classified as a planar geologic feature.
Key beds are identified on the basis of their lithologic character and, in most cases, their relation to the
surrounding rock materials. Examples of various types of key beds include the following:
a coal bed;
a fossiliferous horizon;
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
a cross-cutting dike;
a clay bed in a dominantly coarse-grained sedimentary sequence;
a gravel bed in a dominantly fine-grained sedimentary sequence;
a marine sedimentary bed in a dominantly nonmarine sedimentary sequence;
a nonmarine sedimentary bed in a dominantly marine sedimentary sequence;
a sandstone bed in a dominantly carbonate sedimentary sequence;
a limestone bed in a dominantly dolomitic sedimentary sequence;
a volcanic-ash bed or flow in a dominantly nonvolcanic sequence.
The type of key bed can be specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database. In addition, some types
of key beds are portrayed on the geologic map by specialized line symbols (see Appendix A, Section 1). In
some cases, if the map scale allows, key beds are represented by colored or patterned areas. Map-unit labels are
added to the geologic map to identify the various types of key beds shown on the map. In addition, map-unit
labels are included among the feature attributes in the geologic map database to identify each key bed.
3.4.3Faults
A fault is a planar surface of rupture along which geologic units have been fractured and then displaced. Faults
can be geometrically complex structures that juxtapose map units over great distances, or they can be simple
fracture planes along which the amount of offset is very small.
Discussion of faults in this standard primarily pertains to those that have been mapped in the field. Faults also
can be required conceptually when lower rank stratigraphic units are grouped into higher rank units or
tectonostratigraphic terranes, although these faults may not have been observed in the field.
Faults can be classified as one of a number of types, depending on the nature of their geometry and (or) sense of
offset. Examples of fault types include the following: normal (low-angle, listric); reverse; thrust; overturned
thrust; vertical; strike-slip (right-lateral, left-lateral); oblique-slip; detachment; or some combination of the
above. Information about a fault's type is specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database. When the
map scale allows, such information also is represented on the geologic map by a specialized line symbol and
(or) line-symbol decoration. A particularly robust set of specialized line symbols and line-symbol decorations
has evolved to represent the various fault types (see Appendix A, Section 2). In general, unless otherwise stated
on the map or in the geologic map database, faults that lack such specialized symbology should be considered
generic; that is, their geometry or sense of offset either is not known or has not been specified.
The age of a fault also can be specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database, but rarely is this
characteristic symbolized on the geologic map; if desired, such information can be communicated through the
addition of geologic point data or annotation placed along the trace of the fault. In addition, specific information
collected about a fault's local orientation can be added as geologic point data and annotation placed along the
trace of the fault where the observation was made.
Some faults are relatively minor structures whose traces are mapped within single geologic units until the faults
can no longer be observed or they no longer exist. More commonly, faults are mapped as larger, thoroughgoing
structures that can produce a significant amount of offset between one or more geologic units, so that the
rupture surfaces form new map-unit boundaries. In addition, faulting sometimes can take place at the
stratigraphic position where a contact would normally exist between two stratigraphically coherent geologic
units. But because faulting is not a process intrinsic to a geologic units' genesis (in these cases, faulting has
occurred through already-formed geologic units), these bounding surfaces do not meet the criteria to be called
contacts (see discussion above in Section 3.4.1, entitled "Contacts"). Therefore, although they may form
boundaries between geologic units, such structures are classified as "faults," not "fault contacts" or "faulted
contacts."
3.4.4Folds
In its simplest sense, a fold is a geologic structure that results when a flat-lying or otherwise undeformed
geologic surface is warped and deformed into an undulating geologic surface. In reality, many fold structures
further deform bodies of rock that may already be highly deformed and (or) metamorphosed. Thus, folds may
form simple, symmetric structures, or they may form complex, multidimensional and multigenerational fold
systems.
The fold axis or hinge line of a fold is a hypothetical line that traces the locus of maximum curvature of the fold
structure. The axial surface or axial plane of a fold is a hypothetical planar surface that connects the fold axes
or hinge lines of folded strata.
Folds can be classified as one of a number of fold types, depending on the geometry of the fold's axial surface
and the geometry and the relative ages of the folded strata. Examples of fold types include the following:
anticline, syncline, monocline; antiform, synform; symmetrical, asymmetrical, overturned, inverted, isoclinal,
recumbent, and plunging.
Information about a fold's type is specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database. In addition, such
information is portrayed on the geologic map by specialized line symbols and line-symbol decorations (see
Appendix A, Section 5). On a geologic map, a fold is mapped as a line where the trace of its axial surface
intersects the ground surface. In some cases, the trace of a fold's crest line (highest point on a fold's crest) or
trough line (lowest point in a fold's trough) can also be mapped.
The age of a fold also can be specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database, but rarely is this
characteristic symbolized on the geologic map; if desired, such information can be communicated through the
addition of geologic point data or annotation placed along the trace of the fold. In addition, specific data
collected about a fold's local orientation can be added as geologic point data and annotation placed along the
trace of the fold where the observation was made.
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physical line (for example, a moraine, lineament, or outcrop-scale lineation) or a hypothetical line (for example,
a hinge line of a fold or a paleocurrent direction). The geometry of the line may be straight, curved, or
crenulated, and its orientation may be horizontal, inclined, or vertical.
The orientations of linear geologic features are mapped in the field and then plotted as lines on a base map.
Information about the various types of linear geologic features is specified as a feature attribute in the geologic
map database. In addition, such information is represented on a geologic map by a unique line symbol
(Appendix A), each of which has a different width, pattern, ornamentation, or color; thus, a particular line
symbol conveys specific information about the character and (or) geometry of each linear geologic feature.
3.6.1.1Point Symbols for Planar Features, and Their Placement Relative to Point of Observation
The point symbols for inclined or overturned planar features typically are made up of two parts: a long shaft
oriented in the strike direction, and a short tick (or ornamentation such as a triangle) pointing in the downdip
direction. The point symbol is placed on the map so that the intersection of its long shaft and short tick (or
ornamentation) is at the point of observation. When data have been collected about the local orientation of a
planar feature that has been represented on the map by a line symbol (for example, the dip of a contact or a
fault), the point symbol is placed directly on the line symbol at the point of observation.
The point symbols for vertical planar features are similar to those for inclined surfaces, except that two short
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
ticks (or ornamentations), not one, point away from the long shaft. The point symbol is placed on the map so
that the intersection of its long shaft and short ticks (or ornamentations) is at the point of observation.
The point symbols for horizontal planar features, which display no directional information, are simply placed on
the map at the point of observation.
3.6.2.1Point Symbols for Linear Features, and Their Placement Relative to Point of Observation
The point symbols for inclined linear features typically are made up of two parts: a shaft oriented in the bearing
direction, and an arrowhead pointing in the plunge direction. The symbol is placed on the map so that the end of
its shaft opposite the arrowhead is at the point of observation. When data have been collected about the local
orientation of a linear feature that has been represented on the map by a line symbol (for example, a lineation on
a fault), the point symbol is placed directly on the line symbol at the point of observation.
The point symbols for horizontal linear features are similar to those for inclined linear features, except that
arrowheads are at both ends of the long shaft. The symbol is placed on the map so that the middle of its shaft is
at the point of observation.
The point symbols for vertical linear features, which display no directional information, are simply placed on
the map at the point of observation.
In situations where more than one observation has been taken at a single locality, point symbols for linear
features can be combined with other point symbols at the point of observation. When a single linear-feature
observation and a single planar-feature observation are taken at a single locality, the symbols are combined so
that the end of the arrow that represents the linear feature is placed at the intersection of the planar-feature point
symbol's long shaft and short tick (or ornamentation). When more than two such observations are taken at a
single locality, the point symbols for linear features are joined at their endpoints with the specialized point
symbols for planar features (see Section 3.6.1.2 above, entitled "Specialized Planar-Feature Point Symbols for
Multiple Observations at One Locality") at the point of observation.
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
line-symbol decorations.
3.6.3.2Line-Symbol Decorations
Line-symbol decorations are specialized point symbols that convey qualitative information about the character
of a particular line or line segment (for example, anticline arrows or ball-and-bar symbols). The type of line-
symbol decoration is specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database. Line-symbol decorations are
not placed at a specific point of observation because they do not represent information collected at a particular
locality; instead, they should be placed at a strategic location (or locations) along the trace of a line symbol in
order to clearly communicate information about the nature of that line.
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
"projected," "concealed," and "queried" to express the levels of confidence of planar and linear geologic
features. However, these terms and their associated line symbol styles have not been used consistently from
region to region or from map to map. Also, it has not been always clear whether they reflect uncertainty in a
feature's scientific interpretation, its mapped location, or both.
To facilitate the communication of geologic map information, this standard clarifies the concepts of, and
establishes the attributes for, the levels of scientific confidence and locational accuracy of geologic map
features. In addition, to facilitate the cartographic representation of geologic map information, this standard
establishes new terminology that expresses both these concepts.
4.1SCIENTIFIC CONFIDENCE
Scientific confidence expresses a geologist's level of certainty regarding the nature, origin, geometry, identity,
and even the existence of a geologic feature. The characteristics of the geologic materials and structures, the
number of outcrops, and the availability of subsurface or geophysical data directly affect the level of scientific
confidence in any area. Experience and resources available to a geologist also affect scientific confidence.
These fundamental characteristics of geologic features can be grouped into two distinct but related concepts,
identity and existence.
4.1.1Identity
Identity expresses whether or not the observations and data support the stated nature, origin, or geometry of a
mapped geologic feature (for example, a contact versus a fault, or a normal fault versus a thrust fault). The
concept of identity is communicated in the following two ways:
in the geologic map database, the attribute describing the confidence in a feature's identity is specified as
either certain or questionable;
on the geologic map, the confidence in a feature's identity is communicated in the symbol explanation and
(or) the map unit description (see Section 4.1.3 below, entitled "Levels of Scientific Confidence") and also,
for some types of geologic map features, conveyed cartographically (see Section 4.1.4 below, entitled
"Cartographic Representation of Scientific Confidence").
4.1.2Existence
Existence expresses whether or not the observations and data support the continuity or existence of a concealed
or an otherwise unseen geologic feature (for example, a postulated fault or a subsurface fault). The concept of
existence is communicated in the following two ways:
in the geologic map database, the attribute describing the confidence in a feature's existence is specified as
either certain or questionable;
on the geologic map, the confidence in a feature's existence is communicated in the symbol explanation and
(or) the map unit description (see Section 4.1.3 below, entitled "Levels of Scientific Confidence") and also,
for some types of geologic map features, conveyed cartographically (see Section 4.1.4 below, entitled
"Cartographic Representation of Scientific Confidence").
16
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
certain that the planar feature I see in this outcrop is a fault." This is the
default condition for all geologic map features unless otherwise stated on
the geologic map or in the geologic map database.
"Identity or existence questionable" Either the identity or the existence of a feature cannot be determined using
relevant observations and scientific judgment; therefore, one cannot be
reasonably confident in the scientific credibility of this interpretation.
These criteria are met, for example, when a geologist reasons, "I can see
some kind of planar feature in this outcrop, but I cannot be certain if it is a
contact or a fault," or, "My interpretation requires that a thrust fault be
present to account for incongruities in the stratigraphy of these rocks, but I
can't be certain because I haven't yet seen one here."
This new terminology is intended to be used when choosing a particular style of symbol to represent a feature
on a geologic map (Fig. 2), as well as when describing that feature in the symbol explanation (see Preface to
Appendix A) and (or) the map unit description. If a feature is symbolized or described as "identity or existence
questionable," the map user should consult the geologic map database for more complete information.
4.2LOCATIONAL ACCURACY
Locational accuracy is based on the relation between a mapped feature's location in the field and its position on
the base map. Information about the locational accuracy of mapped features is important to all disciplines, even
those in which mapped features commonly are directly observable and can be positioned with a significant
degree of accuracy (for example, roads or utilities). It is especially critical in the natural sciences, however,
because many mapped features are either interpretive or not directly observable.
The process of locating a feature in the field and then positioning it on a base map is complex, and the
locational accuracy of a mapped feature is not easily described or quantified. To evaluate the locational
accuracy of a mapped feature, a geologist must consider the following three factors:
the nature of the feature and its degree of exposure (for example, a contact may be gradational or sharp, and
either poorly exposed or well-exposed);
the quality of the base map (for example, whether the cultural or topographic features on the base map are
positioned accurately, according to the geologists observations);
the confidence in accurately positioning the feature relative to the base-map information.
Together, these factors determine a geologist's confidence in the locational accuracy of the features on the map.
Locational accuracy is expressed by two distinct but related concepts, locatability and positioning.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
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4.2.1Locatability
Locatability expresses whether or not a geologist can clearly observe a feature in the field, as indicated by the
following examples:
a planar or linear feature is observable in several outcrops along its trace;
a planar or linear feature is not defined by a distinctive physical trace and so is not observable beneath either
vegetation, a thin veneer of unmapped geologic material (colluvium, eolian deposits, or residual soil), or
man-made features, therefore its location must be inferred by indirect means;
a planar or linear feature is not observable because it is concealed by an overlying geologic map unit, water,
or ice, although it may be observable nearby (for example, a thrust fault is visible on both sides of a glacial
valley, but its location within the valley is concealed by glacial deposits), and so its location must be
projected beneath the overlying map unit.
As the above examples show, uncertainty in a feature's locatability can arise in a number of geologic situations.
The concept of locatability is communicated in the following two ways:
in the geologic map database, the attribute describing the confidence in a feature's locatability is specified as
either observable, inferred, or concealed;
on the geologic map, the confidence in a feature's locatability is communicated in the symbol explanation and
(or) the map unit description (see Section 4.2.3 below, entitled "Levels of Locational Accuracy") and also,
for some types of geologic map features, conveyed cartographically (see Section 4.2.4 below, entitled
"Cartographic Representation of Locational Accuracy").
4.2.2Positioning
Positioning expresses the degree of confidence with which a feature is plotted on the base map. Commonly,
a feature can be accurately plotted on the map because the base-map information is accurate, detailed, and
distinctive. However, in some field situations, a feature cannot be confidently plotted on the base map, as
indicated by the following examples:
a feature is observable, but its position on the map cannot be plotted accurately because topographic
contours, drainage lines, or cultural information on the base map is insufficiently detailed for the feature
to be confidently located relative to the various base-map features (for example, a contact is observable in
outcrop, but its location in relatively featureless terrain prevents its position from being plotted accurately
on the base map);
a feature is observable, and its geographic coordinates can be determined in the field by either triangulation
or a Global Positioning System (GPS) device or in the laboratory by using a georeferenced aerial
photographic stereopair; however, the geographic relation between these coordinates and the topographic or
cultural setting shown on the base map is not compatible (for example, a feature was mapped on a hillside,
but the GPS-derived coordinates, when plotted on the base map, place its position in a valley bottom).
In such situations, either a feature can be plotted relative to the indistinct or incompatible base-map features,
or the locations of topographic contours or other base-map features can be adjusted (the latter approach is not
encouraged unless it is done systematically and is well-documented). In either case, the inherent uncertainty in a
feature's positioning must be communicated to the map user, both on the geologic map and in the geologic map
database (see discussion in Section 4.2.2.1 below, entitled "Specifying Positional Accuracy with the Zone of
Confidence").
In the USGS, stringent policies for the accuracy with which an observable feature can be positioned on the base
map have been put forth in the past. For example, Chief Geologist W.H. Bradley's 1956 memorandum to the
staff advocated a geologic map accuracy standard based on the United States National Map Accuracy Standards
(NMAS) for topographic and other types of base maps. The geologic map adaptation of the NMAS stipulated
that "features that can be located from exposures or other evidence [should be positioned] within 1/25 inch
[on the map] of their true map position" (W.H. Bradley, written commun., 1956; see also, U.S. Geological
Survey, 1995a, Part 1, p. 1.0-4). These earlier efforts to quantify the positional accuracy of geologic features
18
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
were not widely adopted by the geoscience community, likely in part because of (1) the difficulty in translating
to geologic mapping a concept designed for topographic and other types of base maps, (2) the impracticality of
requiring that all geologic map information meet the same accuracy criteria uniformly across the Nation, in all
types of geologic and topographic settings, and (3) the need to convert ground distance to publication-scale
cartographic units before evaluating if a feature is plotted accurately on a base map.
In contrast, this standard advocates a more flexible and conceptually simpler approach in which the accuracy
criteria can be defined for each project so that the specified positional accuracy takes into account the character
of the geologic setting and other factors (see below). In addition, if the geologic map adaptation of the NMAS
(1/25 inch on the map) has been used when mapping, this value can be specified (1/25 inch on the map must
first be converted to ground units).
19
Examples of historically Newly revised FGDC Scientific confidence Locational confidence
Symbol style1
used terminology standard terminology Identity Existence Location (in field) Position (on map)
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
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FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
Figure 1. - ./-0
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FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
? ? ? ?
Identity and existence Identity and existence Identity or existence Identity or existence
certain, location certain, location questionable, location questionable, location
accurate inferred accurate inferred
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Identity and existence Identity and existence Identity or existence Identity or existence
certain, location certain, location questionable, location questionable, location
approximate concealed approximate concealed
FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
Figure 2.
ZONE OF CONFIDENCE
(in ground units)
Figure 3.
point
planar
linear
a planar or linear feature is observable in only a few outcrops along its trace, but its physical characteristics
permit locating it between outcrops by indirect methods;
had a different value specified for the zone of confidence (or perhaps no value had been specified). These
variations in the specified value of the zone of confidence should be preserved in the map compilation as well.
In situations in which the numerical values of the zone of confidence are different for different areas across the
geologic map, the differences must be communicated to the map user. In the geologic map database, variations
in the value of the zone of confidence can be readily accommodated because each feature is assigned (as an
attribute in the database) the value of the zone of confidence that has been specified for a particular area. On the
geologic map, areas that have different values of the zone of confidence should be shown in an index map.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
symbol styles reflect uncertainty in a feature's scientific interpretation, its mapped location, or both. This
standard clarifies the use of these line symbols (Figs. 1,2) by applying its revised terminology for locational
accuracy (see Section 4.2.3 above, entitled "Levels of Locational Accuracy") to the following line symbol
styles2:
a solid, continuous line symbol indicates that the location of a feature is accurate; that is, its location in the
field either is readily observable in outcrop or is revealed by the characteristic geomorphic expression of its
trace, without extensive cover of thin overlying surficial deposits, and is verifiable by shallow excavations;
in addition, it can be accurately plotted because base-map information is accurate, detailed, and distinctive,
and so its position on the base map is within the declared zone of confidence.
a long-dashed line symbol indicates that the location of a feature is approximate; that is, its location in the
field either is readily observable in outcrop or is revealed by the characteristic geomorphic expression of its
trace, without extensive cover of thin overlying surficial deposits, and is verifiable by shallow excavations;
however, it cannot be accurately plotted because base-map information is inaccurate, indistinct, or
incompatible with the location of the geologic feature, and so its position on the base map may not be within
the declared zone of confidence.
a short-dashed line symbol indicates that the location of a feature is inferred; that is, its location in the field
generally is obscured by overlying (unmapped) surficial deposits, debris materials, or vegetation that may
cover exposures and the geomorphic expression of its trace, and has therefore been projected between few
outcrops; by definition, its position on the base map may not be within the declared zone of confidence.
a dotted3 line symbol indicates that the location of a feature is concealed; that is, its location in the field is
covered by a mapped overlying geologic unit or a mapped body of ice or water; by definition, its position on
the base map may not be within the declared zone of confidence.
These types of line symbol styles (solid, long-dashed, short-dashed, and dotted) are intended to convey the
various levels of locational accuracy of planar geologic features and certain types of linear geologic features.
The locational accuracy of a geologic map unit is not expressed by a specialized symbol but, instead, by the
style of line symbols representing the planar features (contacts and faults) that bound it.
In most cases, specialized point symbols are not used to indicate that the locational accuracy of a geologic point
feature may be in question. One exception is the specialized symbols that are used to portray bedding attitudes
that have been determined using aerial photographs (see Appendix A, Section 6); however, these symbols also
may be used to indicate that the scientific confidence (the measurement of dip) is in question, and so, when
these types of symbols are used on a geologic map, the map user should consult the geologic map database for
more complete information.
5.1.1Purpose of Map
Color is used differently on different types of maps. For example, on geologic maps, color is primarily
determined by age and type of rock, although other rules may apply for terrane maps or maps that portray only a
2
Note that this standard restricts the use of queries to represent the lack of scientific confidence only (see
discussion in Section 4.1.4 above, entitled "Cartographic Representation of Scientific Confidence").
3
In reality, dotted line symbols that are thinner than a certain lineweight are difficult to produce with some
software applications; therefore, this standard substitutes a very-short-dashed line symbol as the
cartographic standard (see Figures 1,2; see also, Appendix A).
24
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
limited range of ages or types of rocks. In addition, some map units, because of their geologic or economic
importance, may need to be emphasized by selected colors.
Geophysical maps use several color schemes, depending on the purpose of the data being shown; usually a
range of colors from dark to light is used. One such scheme is a graduated set of hues of similar value (for
example, purple and magenta to orange and red). Another is a rainbow of hues in which the values alternate
between full color and lightly screened color.
On slope-stability maps, the brightest colors are used on areas of highest instability. Similarly, on volcanic- or
earthquake-hazard maps, areas of greatest hazard usually are shown in red, whereas areas of lowest hazard are
shown in yellow or green.
Data on hydrologic maps are frequently shown in two or three colors. On maps showing depth to water table,
color ranges from light blue at the shallowest depths to dark blue at the greatest depths. On maps showing
dissolved-solids concentrations, color ranges from dark blue where concentration is lowest to dark red where
concentration is highest.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
5.1.4Contrast
Adequate contrast enhances readability. A key factor is not so much the difference in hue, such as blue or green,
but the difference in intensity. Contrast should not, however, be so great as to be glaring, but it should be
significant enough for easy legibility. Map units that need to be emphasized should be assigned colors that stand
out and contrast well with the colors of less important units. In addition, greater contrast is required for small
areas, whereas a more subtle contrast is sufficient for larger areas.
5.3USE OF PATTERNS
Patterns can be printed either in black, in color, or as a dropout. Ideally, patterns should be used sparingly and
only when necessary for clarification, as they can add unnecessary complexity to a map. To select appropriate
patterns for a map, both the type of rock and the size and (or) orientation of map-unit areas must be considered.
To aid in the selection of patterns for map units, a chart showing a wide variety of geologic patterns ("Pattern
Chart") has been included herein.
Although some flexibility exists in the use of patterns, some patterns are traditionally and exclusively used for
certain rock types: for example, "+" patterns are used for plutonic rocks, and irregular "v" patterns represent
volcanic rocks. For map units that are present only in small areas, a tight, random pattern will fit more of the
pattern elements into a particular area. Exercise caution, however, when choosing metamorphic patterns that
display a strong directionality, as their use may imply a general orientation of metamorphic fabric that in reality
is much more varied than the pattern may indicate.
5.3.1Overprint Patterns
Color overprint patterns are usually specified in either cyan or magenta, but sometimes a spot color such as red
is used. For offset printing, it is best to specify only one color for overprint patterns, as using more than one
color can cause misregistration problems. Color overprint patterns can be screened to reduce their intensity.
Black overprint patterns are less effective than color in most situations, as they can conceal base-map
information or interfere with type or structure symbols. Thus, it may be best to restrict the use of 100% black
patterns to small, uncluttered areas; if a map-unit label is needed, it can be placed outside the area and leadered
in. Black overprint patterns also can be screened to reduce their intensity.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
5.3.2Dropout Patterns
Dropout patterns cause to be transparent one or more of the CMYK colors that combine to make a map-unit
color, thus allowing the remaining color(s) to show through. Their use can be especially effective on a map that
has a large amount of labeling or many structure symbols.
For offset printing, only one color should be dropped out, as dropping out more than one might lead to
misregistration problems; in general, the most dominant color (the one with the highest value) other than yellow
should be the one dropped out. For output to a single-pass inkjet plotter, a dropout pattern may be applied to all
of the CMYK colors that make up a map-unit color; the dropout pattern would then show as white. Be aware,
however, that doing so may cause that map unit to stand out more than is desired.
logically associated with any nearby labeled areas of the same unit. In small map-unit areas, however, even the
most distinctive color or pattern may be difficult to discern. If there might be any doubt, add a label and leader.
At least one area of every map unit within a "normal field of view" should be labeled. This field of view is the
area in focus when the map is viewed at a comfortable, readable distance. In uncluttered areas of the map or in
areas of relatively simple geology, this field of view might have a radius of about two or three inches; in
geologically complex or cluttered areas, however, it may be much smaller. The reader should not need to search
across the map trying to find a labeled map-unit area that has a color that matches an unlabeled map-unit area.
In addition, maps that are to be downloaded from the Web will be sent to a plotter of unknown type, and there is
no guarantee that colors that appear distinct when plotted on your plotter will also be distinguishable when
plotted on other plotters. The more map-unit areas that are labeled, the less chance of ambiguity and confusion.
6.2FONT SELECTION
For most type on a map (for example, unit labels, dip values, and fault names), a sans-serif font such as
Helvetica (or FGDCGeoAge; see Appendix A, Section 32) should be used. Other sans-serif fonts such as
Univers or Arial also may be used, but consider that not all fonts will plot correctly on all output devices. Also
consider that combining FGDCGeoAge with Univers or Arial will result in odd-looking character strings
because the character size and kerning (spacing of letters) of FGDCGeoAge is based on that of Helvetica;
therefore, using Helvetica with FGDCGeoAge is recommended. For base-map information, use a combination
of sans-serif (for example, Helvetica or Univers) and serif (for example, Times or Times New Roman) fonts;
the general rule is to follow the styles used on a published topographic map sheet.
When placing labels digitally, it is important to use the same font that will be used for final publication because
the size and kerning of characters are different for different fonts, even those having the same point size. If
labels are placed carefully in tight areas using one font, but then another font is used for final publication, the
labels may overprint linework or other features because the new font may have longer character heights and
string lengths. Therefore, for best results, choose fonts early in a project, and then stay with that choice
throughout the project. In addition, the use of PostScript fonts may result in more consistent final output for
both print and digital publications.
6.4LABEL PLACEMENT
Map-unit labels and dip values should always be oriented horizontally. They should not overprint other map
elements such as linework, point symbols, or any other dip values and labels, nor should they obscure base-map
features that are referenced in text or are needed to orient the map in the field. Single labels can be used to
identify more than one map-unit area; use multiple leaders where necessary.
Map-unit labels should not be placed in dark-colored map-unit areas or in densely patterned areas, both of
which would make the labels hard to read; instead, move labels outside such areas and add leaders. If a label
must be placed in a dark-colored or densely patterned map-unit area, it may be necessary to mask out the color
or pattern around the label to help make it more legible.
Labels for linear map features should be aligned along those features. Other labels should have a logical or
comfortable orientation relative to the map. In rare cases it might be desirable to have labels run parallel to lines
of latitude, but in general they should be oriented horizontally.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
6.5LEADER PLACEMENT
Leaders should be drawn as straight lines, not bent or curved. They should cross map-unit area boundaries at as
high an angle as possible, and they should not stop at the boundary but should extend well into the map-unit
area. Leaders should not cross through other map-unit areas to reach a particular map unit unless absolutely
necessary. Multiple leaders emanating from a single label should not be joined at their "label" ends.
7.2TYPE SPECIFICATIONS
Most type in this standard is specified as either Helvetica (sans-serif) or Times (serif), two fonts that are
commonly used and widely available (see Table 2 for abbreviations for type faces used in this standard); type
sizes are given in points. Other fonts such as Univers, Arial, or Times New Roman may be substituted, but
consider that they may not be installed on all common output devices and thus may not plot correctly.
Geologic age characters have been specified as FGDCGeoAge, a specialized sans-serif font designed by the
U.S. Geological Survey (see Appendix A, Section 32). The character size and kerning (spacing of letters) of
FGDCGeoAge is based on that of Helvetica; therefore, using Helvetica with FGDCGeoAge is recommended.
29
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
Whenever possible, color has been specified as either cyan or magenta, two of the four process-color (CMYK,
cyan/magenta/yellow/black) inks that are used both in inkjet plotters and for offset printing. However, in some
cases it was not practical or preferable to specify cyan or magenta as the standard; for example, mineral
resource assessment areas traditionally have been outlined in red (see p. A191, Appendix A).
Although it is possible to make a non-process color such as red from two or more process-color inks, this should
be avoided if the map is to be offset printed because of the difficulties in registering large, CMYK-separated
negatives. Thus, in some cases a spot color (a single-ink, non-CMYK color) has been specified as the
cartographic standard.
As a simple, general way of specifying spot colors, generic color names (for example, "red" and "green") have
been used in this standard. Specifying color as these generic color names, however, may not be appropriate for
use with certain output media. Therefore, the user must choose a method of specifying color that is appropriate
for a particular output device; Table 3 shows suggestions for conversions of spot colors to other color models.
For maps that are to be offset printed, a Pantone color (single-ink spot color) should be specified (Table 3).
Each Pantone color is imageset onto a separate piece of film, thereby avoiding misregistration problems caused
when a color is converted to CMYK and then is color separated onto more than one piece of film. For output to
an inkjet plotter, however, specifying a spot color as one of the generic color names is satisfactory because,
during the plotter's RIP4 of the file, the color will automatically be converted to the proper amounts of CMYK
inks that will combine to make the CMYK equivalent of that color. Misregistration is not a problem with
single-pass inkjet-plotter output.
If simple, graphical map elements are to be published as part of a web page on the World Wide Web, it may
be best to choose colors from a "Web-safe" color palette5 to avoid unwanted dithering on monitors that display
only 256 colors (Weinman, 1996). As an aid in doing so, an attempt was made to provide "Web-safe" color
equivalents of the Pantone spot colors used in this standard (Table 3). These "Web-safe" color equivalents
are made up of the RGB (red/green/blue) values that are as close as possible to the directly converted RGB-
equivalent colors (Table 3). Note, however, that it was impossible to exactly reproduce the directly converted
RGB-equivalent colors because, to make "Web-safe" colors, there are only six possible RGB values (000, 051,
102, 153, 204, and 255) from which to choose.
4
RIP = raster-image processing, a process that runs on all plotters, printers, and imagesetters and converts
data (in either raster or vector format) to printer dots to produce an image.
5
Industry opinions on using "Web-safe" colors (8-bit, 216 colors) are changing, owing to the large number
of monitors now in use that can display more than 256 colors; Chris MacGregor (in Dennis, 1999) stated
that using non"Web-safe" colors may be acceptable to use in detailed areas, although she still
recommends using "Web-safe" colors in large areas.
30
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
7.5PATTERN SPECIFICATIONS
The old USGS Technical Cartographic Standards volume (U.S. Geological Survey, ca. 1975) contained no
cartographic specifications (lineweights, dot sizes, or size and spacing of pattern elements) for its patterns. The
volume dates back to a time when maps were conventionally prepared using hand-scribed linework and
peelcoats. In those days, patterns were preprinted onto large sheets of film, which were photomechanically
combined with the various peelcoats to make the CMYK negatives.
For this standard, the patterns (see "Pattern Chart") were recreated by scanning the old pattern sheets and then
tracing the pattern elements in Adobe Illustrator 8.0.1. For most patterns, black, cyan, and magenta versions, as
well as dropout versions, were created; yellow versions were not created because yellow patterns are not visible
over color fill. Also, red and (or) brown versions were created if red or brown patterns were specified as the
cartographic standard for a particular feature. Glacial and hydrologic patterns were created only in cyan and
black, as it is unlikely that magenta or other colors would be used for these types of patterns.
To facilitate digital output, lineweights and dot sizes were in many cases increased. A few pattern tiles were
scaled to accommodate the increased lineweights, and some of the lined patterns were dropped because an
increased lineweight would fill in the pattern and because an increase in scale would cause the pattern to be too
similar to other patterns. The lineweights and dot sizes for the color and dropout versions were increased even
more than for the black versions, to help them show more clearly on maps.
All patterns were renumbered, and suffixes indicating color were added so that all versions of the same pattern
are referenced by the same number. In addition, each pattern in the Pattern Chart has associated with it a generic
lookup-table number that, if desired, may be used to access the pattern from within digital applications.
8.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This standard owes its existence mostly to the well-established history and traditions of geologic map
cartography by the USGS. In particular, the editors, authors, and compilers of this standard wish to thank the
many cartographers, editors, and geologists who contributed to the informal USGS "Technical Cartographic
Standards" volume (U.S. Geological Survey, ca. 1975), as well as Mitchell Reynolds, James Queen, Richard
Taylor, and others who were responsible for preparing the earlier (1995) USGS proposed standard (U.S.
Geological Survey, 1995a,b), from which this standard has evolved. We especially wish to thank the many
members of the USGS Geologic Discipline's Western Publications Group who have made substantial
contributions to the design and preparation of this standard (see Section 2.3 above, entitled "Preparers of this
Standard").
We also want to thank the numerous geologists, cartographers, graphics specialists, GIS specialists, editors, and
others who provided invaluable comments and suggestions for revisions to this standard during their review(s)
of the previous versions of this standard: the 1995 USGS proposed standard (see Soller, 1996); the preliminary,
beta version of this standard; the Working Draft of this standard; and, most importantly, the Public Review
Draft of this standard. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the intellectual contributions of members of the
standing Map Symbol Standards Committee (see section 2.3 above, entitled "Preparers of This Standard"), and
especially Jonathan Matti (USGS) for his guidance on issues of scientific confidence and locational accuracy.
We also thank Jack Reed, Ron Wahl, Will Stettner, and Nancy Stamm (all USGS) for providing insight and
access to USGS historical documents and standard cartographic practices.
Finally, we thank the National Geologic Map Database project, as well as the USGS National Cooperative
Geologic Mapping Program, for providing financial support to this project.
31
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
9.REFERENCES
Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M-P, and Hardenbol, Jan, eds., 1995, Geochronology, time scales, and
global stratigraphic correlation: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Special Publication 54, 386 p.
Dennis, Anita, ed., 1999, 101 hot tips: Publish, v. 14, no, 9, p. 62.
Dietrich, R.V., Dutro, J.T., Jr., and Foose, R.M, compilers, 1982, AGI data sheets for geology in the field,
laboratory, and office (2nd ed.): Alexandria, Va., American Geological Institute.
Dutro, J.T., Jr., Dietrich, R.V., and Foose, R.M, compilers, 1989, AGI data sheets for geology in the field,
laboratory, and office (3rd ed.): Alexandria, Va., American Geological Institute.
Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S.
Geological Survey], 2000, Public Review Draft Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map
Symbolization: Reston, Va., Federal Geographic Data Committee, 172 p., 2 plates.
Gradstein, F.M., and Ogg, J.G., 1996, A Phanerozoic time scale: Episodes, v. 19, nos. 1-2, p. 3-5.
Hansen, W.R., ed., 1991, Suggestions to authors of the reports of the United States Geological Survey (7th ed.):
Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, 289 p.
Haq, B.U., and van Eysinga, F.W.B., 1998, Geological time table (5th ed.): New York, Elsevier Science
Publishing Co., 1 sheet.
Harland, W.B., and others, 1982, A geologic time scale: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 131
p.
Harland, W.B., and others, 1989, A geologic time scale: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 263
p.
International Union of Geological Sciences (Juergen Remane, comp.), 1998, International Stratigraphic Chart:
International Union of Geological Sciences, 1 sheet and explanatory text.
Jackson, Julia A., ed., 1997, Glossary of Geology (4th ed.): Alexandria, Va., American Geological Institute, 769
p.
Neuendorf, Klaus K.E., Mehl, James P., Jr., and Jackson, Julia A., eds., 2005, Glossary of Geology (5th ed.):
Alexandria, Va., American Geological Institute, 779 p.
North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983, North American stratigraphic code:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 67, no. 5, p. 84175.
Palmer, A.R., 1983, The Decade of North American Geology 1983 Geologic Time Scale: Geology, v. 11, no. 9,
p. 5034.
Palmer, A.R., and Geissman, J., 1999, 1999 Geologic Time Scale: Geological Society of America
[http://www.geosociety.org/science/timescale/timescl.htm].
Powell, J.W., 1882a, Second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey 1880'81: Washington,
D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 588 p.
Powell, J.W., 1882b, Sur la nomenclature gnrale, sur le coloriage et les signes conventionnels des Cartes
gologiques, in Congrs Gologique International, Compte Rendu de la 2me Session, Bologne, 1881:
Imprimerie Fava et Garagnani, Bologne, p. 62741.
Powell, J.W., 1888, Methods of geologic cartography in use by the United States Geological Survey, in Congrs
Gologique International, Compte Rendu de la 3me Session, Berlin, 1885: A.W. Schade's Buchdruckerei,
Berlin, p. 22140.
Powell, J.W., 1890, Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey 1888'89, Part I Geology:
Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 774 p.
32
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
Ridgway, J.L., 1920, The preparation of illustrations for reports of the United States Geological Survey:
Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 101 p.
Snelling, N.J., ed., 1985, The chronology of the geological record: Geological Society of London, p. 2616.
Soller, D.R., 1996, Review of USGS Open-File Report 95525 ("Cartographic and digital standard for geologic
map information") and plans for development of Federal draft standards for geologic map information: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 96725, 12 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-725/].
U.S. Geological Survey, ca. 1975, Technical cartographic standards volume: unpublished U.S. Geological
Survey internal standards document.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1995a, Cartographic and digital standard for geologic map information: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 95525, 257 p.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1995b, Digital files of geologic map symbols with cartographic specifications: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 95526, 2 disks.
U.S. Geological Survey [prepared in cooperation with the Geologic Data Subcommittee of the Federal
Geographic Data Committee], 2000, Public Review Draft Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map
Symbolization (PostScript Implementation): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99430 [CD-ROM; also,
online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-430/].
U.S. Geological Survey [prepared in cooperation with the Geologic Data Subcommittee of the Federal
Geographic Data Committee], 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map
Symbolization (PostScript Implementation): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11A2
[CD-ROM; also, online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/11A02/].
Weinman, Lynda, 1996, Designing Web graphics: Indianapolis, Ind., New Riders Publishing, p. 4972.
33
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SCIENTIFIC CONFIDENCE
Feature Attributes for Scientific Confidence Levels of Scientific Confidence
Identity: Existence: Identity and existence certain ("I am certain that the planar feature I see in this outcrop is
certain certain a fault")
questionable questionable Identity or existence questionable ("I can see some kind of planar feature in this outcrop,
but I cannot be certain if it is a contact or a fault")
LOCATIONAL ACCURACY
Feature Attributes for Locational Accuracy Levels of Locational Accuracy
Locatability: Zone of Confidence: Location accurate ("I can clearly see this contact in outcrop, and I can accurately plot its
observable [value, in ground units] position on the map")
inferred [unit of measurement] Location approximate ("I can see this contact in outcrop, but I can't tell exactly where it is
concealed Positioning Confidence:
located because I am surrounded by trees")
Location inferred ("I can see by the change in debris materials visible around these
within zone of confidence
gopher holes that a contact runs through here, but I can't locate it precisely")
may not be within zone of
Location concealed ("I can see that a contact is present on both sides of this lake, but I
confidence
can't tell where it is located beneath the water")
(& &
! ( & ! &
&!& &
&+ * $
& $
#
$ # ,&
+ #-+
DESCRIPTION SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SYMBOL
ContactIdentity and existence certain, loca- ContactIdentity and existence certain, loca-
tion accurate tion inferred
ContactIdentity and existence certain, loca- ContactIdentity and existence certain, loca-
tion approximate tion concealed
% &! $
&
' (& &
! & &
! &
(& !
& &!& &!&
) *(' (! &!
&! & & (! $
' & * * $
& &*+
$
&*& * &
&
ContactSolid where location is accurate; long-dashed
where location is approximate; short-dashed
&!&
!
$
where location is inferred; dotted where location is !
, &! $
! *&
concealed. Queries added where identity or exis- &
.&' &
& -+
tence may be questionable $
* &*&
& (
FaultSolid where location is accurate; long-dashed *
&
& &! &!& &
where location is approximate; short-dashed
where location is inferred; dotted where location is "
/ , &
&! & -+
concealed. Queries added where identity or exis-
tence may be questionable SYMBOL EXPLANATION
Thrust faultSolid where location is accurate; long- [For all line symbols: lines are solid where location is accurate;
dashed where location is approximate; short- long-dashed where location is approximate; short-dashed
dashed where location is inferred; dotted where where location is inferred; dotted where location is concealed.
location is concealed. Queries added where iden- Queries added where identity or existence may be questionable]
tity or existence may be questionable. Sawteeth Contact
on upper plate
FoldsSolid where location is accurate; long-dashed Fault
where location is approximate; dotted where loca-
tion is concealed. Queries added where identity or Thrust faultSawteeth on upper plate
existence may be questionable. Showing direction
of plunge where appropriate FoldsShowing direction of plunge where appropriate
Anticline Anticline
Syncline Syncline
Aiii
!" #
$ #
Chart showing conversion values from inches (in) to points (pts) to millimeters (mm).
in pts mm in pts mm in pts mm in pts mm
0.001 0.072 0.025 0.051 3.672 1.295 0.101 7.272 2.565 0.151 10.872 3.835
0.002 0.144 0.051 0.052 3.744 1.321 0.102 7.344 2.591 0.152 10.944 3.861
0.003 0.216 0.076 0.053 3.816 1.346 0.103 7.416 2.616 0.153 11.016 3.886
0.004 0.288 0.102 0.054 3.888 1.372 0.104 7.488 2.642 0.154 11.088 3.912
0.005 0.360 0.127 0.055 3.960 1.397 0.105 7.560 2.667 0.155 11.160 3.937
0.006 0.432 0.152 0.056 4.032 1.422 0.106 7.632 2.692 0.156 11.232 3.962
0.007 0.504 0.178 0.057 4.104 1.448 0.107 7.704 2.718 0.157 11.304 3.988
0.008 0.576 0.203 0.058 4.176 1.473 0.108 7.776 2.743 0.158 11.376 4.013
0.009 0.648 0.229 0.059 4.248 1.499 0.109 7.848 2.769 0.159 11.448 4.039
0.010 0.720 0.254 0.060 4.320 1.524 0.110 7.920 2.794 0.160 11.520 4.064
0.011 0.792 0.279 0.061 4.392 1.549 0.111 7.992 2.819 0.161 11.592 4.089
0.012 0.864 0.305 0.062 4.464 1.575 0.112 8.064 2.845 0.162 11.664 4.115
0.013 0.936 0.330 0.063 4.536 1.600 0.113 8.136 2.870 0.163 11.736 4.140
0.014 1.008 0.356 0.064 4.608 1.626 0.114 8.208 2.896 0.164 11.808 4.166
0.015 1.080 0.381 0.065 4.680 1.651 0.115 8.280 2.921 0.165 11.880 4.191
0.016 1.152 0.406 0.066 4.752 1.676 0.116 8.352 2.946 0.166 11.952 4.216
0.017 1.224 0.432 0.067 4.824 1.702 0.117 8.424 2.972 0.167 12.024 4.242
0.018 1.296 0.457 0.068 4.896 1.727 0.118 8.496 2.997 0.168 12.096 4.267
0.019 1.368 0.483 0.069 4.968 1.753 0.119 8.568 3.023 0.169 12.168 4.293
0.020 1.440 0.508 0.070 5.040 1.778 0.120 8.640 3.048 0.170 12.240 4.318
0.021 1.512 0.533 0.071 5.112 1.803 0.121 8.712 3.073 0.171 12.312 4.343
0.022 1.584 0.559 0.072 5.184 1.829 0.122 8.784 3.099 0.172 12.384 4.369
0.023 1.656 0.584 0.073 5.256 1.854 0.123 8.856 3.124 0.173 12.456 4.394
0.024 1.728 0.610 0.074 5.328 1.880 0.124 8.928 3.150 0.174 12.528 4.420
0.025 1.800 0.635 0.075 5.400 1.905 0.125 9.000 3.175 0.175 12.600 4.445
0.026 1.872 0.660 0.076 5.472 1.930 0.126 9.072 3.200 0.176 12.672 4.470
0.027 1.944 0.686 0.077 5.544 1.956 0.127 9.144 3.226 0.177 12.744 4.496
0.028 2.016 0.711 0.078 5.616 1.981 0.128 9.216 3.251 0.178 12.816 4.521
0.029 2.088 0.737 0.079 5.688 2.007 0.129 9.288 3.277 0.179 12.888 4.547
0.030 2.160 0.762 0.080 5.760 2.032 0.130 9.360 3.302 0.180 12.960 4.572
0.031 2.232 0.787 0.081 5.832 2.057 0.131 9.432 3.327 0.181 13.032 4.597
0.032 2.304 0.813 0.082 5.904 2.083 0.132 9.504 3.353 0.182 13.104 4.623
0.033 2.376 0.838 0.083 5.976 2.108 0.133 9.576 3.378 0.183 13.176 4.648
0.034 2.448 0.864 0.084 6.048 2.134 0.134 9.648 3.404 0.184 13.248 4.674
0.035 2.520 0.889 0.085 6.120 2.159 0.135 9.720 3.429 0.185 13.320 4.699
0.036 2.592 0.914 0.086 6.192 2.184 0.136 9.792 3.454 0.186 13.392 4.724
0.037 2.664 0.940 0.087 6.264 2.210 0.137 9.864 3.480 0.187 13.464 4.750
0.038 2.736 0.965 0.088 6.336 2.235 0.138 9.936 3.505 0.188 13.536 4.775
0.039 2.808 0.991 0.089 6.408 2.261 0.139 10.008 3.531 0.189 13.608 4.801
0.040 2.880 1.016 0.090 6.480 2.286 0.140 10.080 3.556 0.190 13.680 4.826
0.041 2.952 1.041 0.091 6.552 2.311 0.141 10.152 3.581 0.191 13.752 4.851
0.042 3.024 1.067 0.092 6.624 2.337 0.142 10.224 3.607 0.192 13.824 4.877
0.043 3.096 1.092 0.093 6.696 2.362 0.143 10.296 3.632 0.193 13.896 4.902
0.044 3.168 1.118 0.094 6.768 2.388 0.144 10.368 3.658 0.194 13.968 4.928
0.045 3.240 1.143 0.095 6.840 2.413 0.145 10.440 3.683 0.195 14.040 4.953
0.046 3.312 1.168 0.096 6.912 2.438 0.146 10.512 3.708 0.196 14.112 4.978
0.047 3.384 1.194 0.097 6.984 2.464 0.147 10.584 3.734 0.197 14.184 5.004
0.048 3.456 1.219 0.098 7.056 2.489 0.148 10.656 3.759 0.198 14.256 5.029
0.049 3.528 1.245 0.099 7.128 2.515 0.149 10.728 3.785 0.199 14.328 5.055
0.050 3.600 1.270 0.100 7.200 2.540 0.150 10.800 3.810 0.200 14.400 5.080
Aiv
!" #
$ #
Abbreviations used in this standard.
Abbreviation Meaning Example of usage
B brown [ink] 422-B (pattern)
C cyan [ink] 132-C (pattern)
CMYK cyan/magenta/yellow/black CMYK color model
DO dropout [pattern] 204-DO (pattern)
FG-8 FGDCGeoAge [font], 8 pt type ^g (unit label containing geologic age character)
1
H-8 Helvetica [font], 8 pt type GOLDEN FAULT (name of fault)
1
HB-8 Helvetica Bold [font], 8 pt type ? (query indicating "identity or existence questionable" fault)
1
HI-6 Helvetica Italic [font], 6 pt type 40 (dip value)
HSV hue/saturation/value HSV color model
K black [ink] 134-K (pattern)
M magenta [ink] 313-M (pattern)
R red [ink] 405-R (pattern)
RGB red/green/blue RGB color model
T-9 2
Times [font], 9 pt type ?7@ #@ (label on national boundary)
2
TBI-12 Times Bold Italic [font], 12 pt type AA' (cross section labels)
2
TI-8 Times Italic [font], 8 pt type Bass Lake (name of lake)
Y yellow [ink] CMYK color model
# >&
' '
) ! ''' /'
' ?&' #0 ! '1 ) ,&)
' ')
,
# ) ,'
'" '
' ' >&
1
# ' ' '
) ! ' /'
' ' , 3 &0 ! '1
Spot color specifications used in this standard, and their equivalent colors in other color models.
%#&'( )
!* ) * +) !,* -)
. /'
''
.'
'
01 +-)
!2 2!,2
.
1 3) * ) * 4) /
!
'
' !
' &''01 34) 2 2
15
Directly converted Color on CMYK Directly converted "Web-safe"
Spot color 1 Pantone color 2
CMYK color 3 Color Chart 4 RGB color 5 RGB color 6
$ #
1CONTACTS, KEY BEDS, AND DIKES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
1.1Contacts
ContactIdentity and existence certain, location lineweight .15 mm
1.1.1 H-8
accurate
?
ContactIdentity or existence questionable, loca- .75 mm
1.1.2
tion accurate ?
12.0 mm
A11 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
1CONTACTS, KEY BEDS, AND DIKES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
1.1Contacts (continued)
Unconformable contactIdentity and existence lineweight lineweight May be used to show
1.1.25 .15 mm .125 mm paraconformaties or
certain, location accurate H-6
disconformaties. Not
? .725
mm intended for use to
Unconformable contactIdentity or existence ques- .75 show angular uncon-
1.1.26 ? mm 1.4
tionable, location accurate 12.0 mm mm formities or noncon-
formities.
Unconformable contactIdentity and existence 3.5 mm
Boundary of geologic
1.1.27
certain, location approximate map unit is center line
? (solid or dashed), not
Unconformable contactIdentity or existence ques- "sine-wave"-style line.
1.1.28 ?
tionable, location approximate .75 mm .75 mm
Incised-scarp sedimentary contactIdentity and all lineweights .15 mm Use to show where a
2.0 mm younger surficial geo-
1.1.33 existence certain, location accurate. Hachures H-8
point downscarp 1.0 logic unit has been
? mm deposited on an ero-
Incised-scarp sedimentary contactIdentity or
1.1.34 existence questionable, location accurate. Hach- ? .75 sional scarp that has
mm been incised into an
ures point downscarp 12.0 mm
older surficial geologic
Incised-scarp sedimentary contactIdentity and unit.
1.1.35 existence certain, location approximate. Hachures 3.5 mm
point downscarp
?
Incised-scarp sedimentary contactIdentity or
1.1.36 existence questionable, location approximate. ? .75 mm .75 mm
Hachures point downscarp
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A12
!" #
$ #
1CONTACTS, KEY BEDS, AND DIKES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
1.2Key beds
Key bedIdentity and existence certain, location lineweight .2 mm Use to show key beds
1.2.1
accurate H-8 that are too narrow to
map as an area at map
? scale.
Key bedIdentity or existence questionable, loca- .75 mm Add name of geologic
1.2.2
tion accurate ?
12.0 mm map unit if more than
one type of key bed is
Key bedIdentity and existence certain, location shown on map (see
1.2.3 3.5 mm
approximate Section 1.4).
? May also be shown in
Key bedIdentity or existence questionable, loca- color.
1.2.4
tion approximate ? .75 mm .75 mm
Clay bedIdentity and existence certain, location lineweight .3 mm color 100% green Use to show clay beds
1.2.9
accurate that are too narrow to
HB-8 (100% green)
map as an area at map
? scale.
Clay bedIdentity or existence questionable, loca- .75 mm Add name if more than
1.2.10
tion accurate ?
12.0 mm one type is shown on
map (see Section 1.4).
Clay bedIdentity and existence certain, location May also be shown in
1.2.11 3.5 mm
approximate black or other colors.
?
Clay bedIdentity or existence questionable, loca-
1.2.12
tion approximate ? .75 mm .75 mm
A13 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
1CONTACTS, KEY BEDS, AND DIKES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
1.2Key beds (continued)
Coal bedIdentity and existence certain, location lineweight .3 mm color 100% red Use to show coal beds
1.2.25
accurate that are too narrow to
HB-8 (100% red)
map as an area at map
? scale.
Coal bedIdentity or existence questionable, loca- .75 mm Add name if more than
1.2.26
tion accurate ?
12.0 mm one type is shown on
map (see Section 1.4).
Coal bedIdentity and existence certain, location May also be shown in
1.2.27 3.5 mm
approximate black or other colors.
?
Coal bedIdentity or existence questionable, loca-
1.2.28
tion approximate ? .75 mm .75 mm
A14
!" #
$ #
1CONTACTS, KEY BEDS, AND DIKES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
1.3Dikes
color 100% red lineweight .25 mmUse when dike is too
Dike (1st option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.1 narrow to show as an
location accurate
area at map scale.
3.5 mm Add map-unit labels to
Dike (1st option)Identity and existence certain, dikes if needed (see
1.3.2
location approximate Section 1.4); use a
.75 mm
queried label if identity
color 100% red
Dike (2nd option)Identity and existence certain, of dike is questionable.
1.3.3 1.25 mm
location accurate May also be shown in
lineweight .25 mm 2.0 mm
black or other colors.
3.5 mm
Dike (2nd option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.4
location approximate
.75 mm
color 100% red 90
Dike (3rd option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.5 1.0 mm
location accurate
lineweight .25 mm 4.25 mm
3.5 mm
Dike (3rd option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.6
location approximate
.75 mm
color 100% red dot diameter
Dike (4th option)Identity and existence certain, 1.125 mm
1.3.7
location accurate
lineweight .25 mm 4.25 mm
3.5 mm
Dike (4th option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.8
location approximate
.75 mm
color 100% red circle diameter
Dike (5th option)Identity and existence certain, 1.175 mm
1.3.9
location accurate
lineweight .25 mm 4.25 mm
3.5 mm
Dike (5th option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.10
location approximate
.75 mm
color 100% red 1.125 mm
Dike (6th option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.11
location accurate
lineweight .25 mm 4.25 mm
3.5 mm
Dike (6th option)Identity and existence certain,
1.3.12
location approximate
.75 mm
50% red contact [lineweight Although only "dike
.15 mm]
1.3.13 Dike of variable thickness (2nd option)" is shown
here, any type of dike
fault [lineweight symbol may be used.
1.3.14 Dike intruding fault (1st option) .375 mm] Add map-unit labels to
dikes if needed (see
contact [lineweight
Section 1.4).
1.3.15 Dike intruding fault (2nd option) .15 mm] Thick dikes may also be
shown in other colors.
A15
!" #
$ #
1CONTACTS, KEY BEDS, AND DIKES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
1.4Line-symbol decorations and notations for contacts, key beds, and dikes
Inclined contact, dike, key bed, clay bed, coal bed, 35 tick length 35 HI-6 Line-symbol decora-
1.75 mm;
1.4.1 or bed of economically important commodity (1st lineweight tions may be added to
option)Showing dip value and direction .15 mm any type or style of con-
Inclined contact, dike, key bed, clay bed, coal bed, 15 tick length 15 tact, as well as to any
1.375 mm; .875 mm type or style of key bed
1.4.2 or bed of economically important commodity (2nd lineweight
option)Showing dip value and direction .15 mm
or dike (use proper line-
30
weights, etc., to show
Vertical or near-vertical contact, dike, key bed, clay tick length
2.5 mm; clay beds, coal beds,
1.4.3 bed, coal bed, or bed of economically important lineweight dikes, etc.).
commodity (1st option) .15 mm
Place tick, arrow, or oth-
Vertical or near-vertical contact, dike, key bed, clay HI-6
90 90 er line-symbol decora-
1.4.4 bed, coal bed, or bed of economically important tion where observation
commodity (2nd option) was made.
Overturned contact, dike, key bed, clay bed, coal 85 tick length 85 HI-6 Add arrowhead or '90'
1.75 mm; to ticks showing dip if
1.4.5 bed, or bed of economically important commodity lineweight .625 mm
(1st option)Showing dip value and direction .15 mm radius necessary for clarity.
Overturned contact, dike, key bed, clay bed, coal 75 tick length 75
1.375 mm; .875 mm
1.4.6 bed, or bed of economically important commodity lineweight .625 mm
(2nd option)Showing dip value and direction .15 mm radius 30
Lineation on surface of contact, dike, key bed, clay 65 6.0 mm 65 HI-6
lineweight
1.4.7 bed, coal bed, or bed of economically important .175 mm
commodityShowing bearing and plunge 25 1.5 mm
Lineation on surface of inclined contact, dike, key bed, 25 35 tick length HI-6 25 35
1.4.8
clay bed, coal bed, or bed of economically important 1.75 mm;
commodityTick shows contact dip value and direc- lineweight
tion; arrow shows bearing and plunge of lineation .15 mm
H-7
ContactShowing relative age of intrusive or extru- Y Y
1.4.9
sive units where known: Y, younger; O, older O O
H-7
20
ContactShowing location where contact is partic- 1.75
1.4.10 mm
ularly well exposed in field
.75 mm
Key bed, clay bed, coal bed, bed of economically 1.5 1.5 H-6 Use proper lineweights,
1.4.11 important commodity, or dikeShowing thickness etc., to show clay beds,
and location where measured coal beds, dikes, etc.
HI-8
1.4.12 Key bedShowing name ds ds
HI-8
Bed of economically important commodity gyp gyp
1.4.14
Showing name
HI-8
1.4.17 Area of clinkered coal bedShowing name bg (100% bg
black)
A16
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.1Faults (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip)
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or lineweight .375 mm Use generic, nonspecif-
2.1.1 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) HB-8 ic (non-ornamented)
Identity and existence certain, location accurate fault symbols when ori-
? entation or sense of slip
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or
2.1.2 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) ? .75 mm is not known or not
Identity or existence questionable, location accurate 12.0 mm specified; use also on
small-scale maps to
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or show regional fault pat-
2.1.3 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) 3.5 mm terns.
Identity and existence certain, location approximate If orientation or sense of
?
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or slip is known and if
2.1.4 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) ? .75 mm .75 mm scale allows, use more
Identity or existence questionable, location approximate specific types of orna-
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or mented fault symbols to
2.1.5 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) 1.5 mm indicate fault geometry
Identity and existence certain, location inferred and (or) relative motion.
?
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or
2.1.6 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) ? .75 mm .75 mm
Identity or existence questionable, location inferred
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or
2.1.7 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) .5 mm
Identity and existence certain, location concealed
?
Fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-angle; or
2.1.8 unknown or unspecified orientation or sense of slip) ? .75 mm .75 mm
Identity or existence questionable, location concealed
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A21
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.2Normal faults
Normal faultIdentity and existence certain, loca- tick length 1.0 mm; .875 mm diameter Ball and bar symbols
2.2.1 lineweight .175 mm are placed along a fault
tion accurate. Ball and bar on downthrown block HB-8
to indicate its overall
? ? fault type (normal fault).
Normal faultIdentity or existence questionable,
lineweight .375 mm .75 mm Ball and bar symbols
2.2.2 location accurate. Ball and bar on downthrown ? ?
block 12.0 mm may also be placed
along other types of
Normal faultIdentity and existence certain, loca-
3.5 mm faults at specific locali-
2.2.3 tion approximate. Ball and bar on downthrown
ties where observations
block
? ? of normal (or apparent
Normal faultIdentity or existence questionable, normal) offset have
2.2.4 location approximate. Ball and bar on downthrown ? ? .75 mm .75 mm been made (see Sec-
block tion 2.11).
Ball and bar symbols
Normal faultIdentity and existence certain, loca- 1.5 mm
2.2.5 may be combined with
tion inferred. Ball and bar on downthrown block
paired arrows to show
? ? oblique offset (see Sec-
Normal faultIdentity or existence questionable,
2.2.6 location inferred. Ball and bar on downthrown ? ? tions 2.7, 2.11).
.75 mm .75 mm
block In cross section, use
paired arrows to show
Normal faultIdentity and existence certain, loca- .5 mm relative motion of nor-
2.2.7
tion concealed. Ball and bar on downthrown block mal faults (see Section
? ? 2.11).
Normal faultIdentity or existence questionable,
2.2.8 location concealed. Ball and bar on downthrown ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
block
Low-angle normal faultIdentity and existence cer- Half-circles indicate
2.2.9 tain, location accurate. Half-circles on downthrown lineweight .375 mm HB-8 overall fault type (low-
block angle normal fault); they
? are not placed at spec-
Low-angle normal faultIdentity or existence ques- .625 mm
2.2.10 tionable, location accurate. Half-circles on down- ? .75 mm radius ific localities where
thrown block 12.0 mm observations have been
made.
Low-angle normal faultIdentity and existence cer-
In cross section, use
2.2.11 tain, location approximate. Half-circles on down- 3.5 mm
paired arrows to show
thrown block
? relative motion of low-
Low-angle normal faultIdentity or existence ques- angle normal faults (see
2.2.12 tionable, location approximate. Half-circles on ? .75 mm .75 mm Section 2.11).
downthrown block
Low-angle normal faultIdentity and existence cer-
2.2.13 tain, location inferred. Half-circles on downthrown 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
block
?
Low-angle normal faultIdentity or existence ques-
2.2.14 tionable, location inferred. Half-circles on down- ? .75 mm .75 mm
thrown block
Low-angle normal faultIdentity and existence cer-
2.2.15 tain, location concealed. Half-circles on down- .5 mm 2.5 mm
thrown block
?
Low-angle normal faultIdentity or existence ques-
2.2.16 tionable, location concealed. Half-circles on down- ? .75 mm .75 mm
thrown block
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A22
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.3Low-angle faults (unknown or unspecified sense of slip)
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of Use to show faults that
2.3.1 slip)Identity and existence certain, location lineweight .375 mm HB-8 exhibit low-angle geom-
accurate. Half-circles on upper plate etry but for which rela-
?
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of .625 mm tive motion cannot be
2.3.2 slip)Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm radius; (or has not been) speci-
12.0 mm lineweight fied.
accurate. Half-circles on upper plate .2 mm
Half-circles indicate
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of
overall fault type (low-
2.3.3 slip)Identity and existence certain, location 3.5 mm
angle fault, unknown or
approximate. Half-circles on upper plate
? unspecified sense of
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of slip); they are not
2.3.4 slip)Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm placed at specific locali-
approximate. Half-circles on upper plate ties where observations
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of have been made.
2.3.5 slip)Identity and existence certain, location infer- 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
red. Half-circles on upper plate
?
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of
2.3.6 slip)Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm
inferred. Half-circles on upper plate
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of
2.3.7 slip)Identity and existence certain, location con- .5 mm 2.5 mm
cealed. Half-circles on upper plate
?
Low-angle fault (unknown or unspecified sense of
2.3.8 slip)Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm
concealed. Half-circles on upper plate
2.4Reverse faults
Reverse faultIdentity and existence certain, loca- Rectangles indicate
2.4.1
tion accurate. Rectangles on upthrown block lineweight .375 mm HB-8 overall fault type
(reverse fault); they are
? 1.175
not placed at specific
mm
Reverse faultIdentity or existence questionable, .75 mm localities where obser-
2.4.2
location accurate. Rectangles on upthrown block ? 1.75 mm
12.0 mm vations have been
made.
Reverse faultIdentity and existence certain, loca- In cross section, use
2.4.3 3.5 mm
tion approximate. Rectangles on upthrown block paired arrows to show
? relative motion of
Reverse faultIdentity or existence questionable, reverse faults (see Sec-
2.4.4 location approximate. Rectangles on upthrown ? .75 mm .75 mm tion 2.11).
block
A23
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.5Rotational or scissor faults
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset Rectangles indicate
2.5.1 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. lineweight .375 mm HB-8 overall fault type (rota-
Rectangles on upthrown block tional or scissor fault,
? .5 mm reverse-slip offset); they
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.5.2 Identity or existence questionable, location accu- ? .75 mm 2.0 mm are not placed at specif-
rate. Rectangles on upthrown block 12.0 mm ic localities where
observations have been
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset made.
2.5.3 Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
In cross section, use
mate. Rectangles on upthrown block
? paired arrows to show
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset relative motion of rota-
2.5.4 Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm tional or scissor faults
approximate. Rectangles on upthrown block (see Section 2.11).
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.5.5 Identity and existence certain, location inferred. 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
Rectangles on upthrown block
?
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.5.6 Identity or existence questionable, location infer- ? .75 mm .75 mm
red. Rectangles on upthrown block
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.5.7 Identity and existence certain, location concealed. .5 mm 2.5 mm
Rectangles on upthrown block
?
Rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.5.8 Identity or existence questionable, location con- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cealed. Rectangles on upthrown block
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset Rectangles indicate
2.5.9 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. lineweight .375 mm HB-8 overall fault type (rota-
Rectangles on downthrown block tional or scissor fault,
? .5 mm normal-slip offset); they
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset lineweight
2.5.10 Identity or existence questionable, location accu- ? .2 mm .75 mm 2.0 mm are not placed at spe-
rate. Rectangles on downthrown block 12.0 mm cific localities where
observations have been
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset made.
2.5.11 Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
In cross section, use
mate. Rectangles on downthrown block
? paired arrows to show
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset relative motion of rota-
2.5.12 Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm tional or scissor faults
approximate. Rectangles on downthrown block (see Section 2.11).
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset
2.5.13 Identity and existence certain, location inferred. 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
Rectangles on downthrown block
?
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset
2.5.14 Identity or existence questionable, location infer- ? .75 mm .75 mm
red. Rectangles on downthrown block
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset
2.5.15 Identity and existence certain, location concealed. .5 mm 2.5 mm
Rectangles on downthrown block
?
Rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset
2.5.16 Identity or existence questionable, location con- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cealed. Rectangles on downthrown block
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A24
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.6Strike-slip faults
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and arrow Paired arrows are
2.6.1 existence certain, location accurate. Arrows show lineweight 5.25 mm placed along a fault to
.2 mm HB-8
relative motion indicate its overall type
? ? (strike-slip fault) and its
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
2.6.2 tence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ?
lineweight .75 mm relative motion.
.375 mm
show relative motion 12.0 mm Paired arrows may also
be placed along other
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and types of faults at spec-
3.5 mm
2.6.3 existence certain, location approximate. Arrows ific localities where
show relative motion observations of strike-
? ?
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis- slip (or apparent strike-
2.6.4 tence questionable, location approximate. Arrows ? ? .75 mm .75 mm slip) offset have been
show relative motion made (see Section
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and 2.11).
2.6.5 existence certain, location inferred. Arrows show 1.5 mm Paired arrows may be
relative motion combined with ball and
? ? bar symbols to show
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
oblique offset (see Sec-
2.6.6 tence questionable, location inferred. Arrows show ? ? .75 mm .75 mm tions 2.7, 2.11).
relative motion
In cross section, use
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and either A/T or +/ nota-
2.6.7 existence certain, location concealed. Arrows .5 mm
tion to show relative
show relative motion motion of strike-slip
? ?
Strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis- faults (see Section
2.6.8 tence questionable, location concealed. Arrows ? ? .75 mm .75 mm 2.11).
show relative motion
Strike-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity and exis- arrow
2.6.9 tence certain, location accurate. Arrows show rela- lineweight 5.25 mm
.2 mm HB-8
tive motion
? ?
Strike-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
lineweight .75 mm
2.6.10 tence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ? .375 mm
show relative motion 12.0 mm
A25
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.7Oblique-slip faults
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and arrow .875 mm diameter Sets of paired arrows
lineweight 5.25 mm tick length
2.7.1 existence certain, location accurate. Arrows show .2 mm 1.0 mm; and ball and bar sym-
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block HB-8 lineweight bols are placed along a
? ? .175 mm fault to indicate its over-
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
2.7.2 tence questionable, location accurate. Arrows show ? ?
lineweight .75 mm all type (oblique-slip
.375 mm fault) and its relative
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block 12.0 mm
motion.
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and Sets of paired arrows
3.5 mm
2.7.3 existence certain, location approximate. Arrows show and ball and bar sym-
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block bols may also be placed
? ?
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis- along other types of
2.7.4 tence questionable, location approximate. Arrows show ? ? .75 mm .75 mm faults at specific locali-
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block ties where observations
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and of oblique-slip (or appa-
2.7.5 existence certain, location inferred. Arrows show 1.5 mm rent oblique-slip) offset
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block have been made (see
? ? Section 2.11).
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
In cross section, use
2.7.6 tence questionable, location inferred. Arrows show ? ? .75 mm .75 mm paired arrows with
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block
either A/T or +/ nota-
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity and tion to show relative
2.7.7 existence certain, location concealed. Arrows show .5 mm
motion of oblique-slip
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block faults (see Section
? ? 2.11).
Oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
2.7.8 tence questionable, location concealed. Arrows show ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block
Oblique-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity and ex- .875 mm diameter arrow
tick length 5.25 mm lineweight
2.7.9 istence certain, location accurate. Arrows show 1.0 mm; .2 mm
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block lineweight HB-8
.175 mm ? ?
Oblique-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity or exis-
lineweight .75 mm
2.7.10 tence questionable, location accurate. Arrows show ? ? .375 mm
relative motion; ball and bar on downthrown block 12.0 mm
A26
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.8Thrust faults
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity and existence Sawteeth indicate over-
2.8.1 certain, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper (tec- lineweight .375 mm HB-8 all fault type (thrust
tonically higher) plate fault); they are not
? placed at specific locali-
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence
2.8.2 questionable, location accurate. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm sawtooth ties where observations
60 height have been made.
upper (tectonically higher) plate 12.0 mm 1.5 mm
In cross section, use
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity and existence paired arrows to show
2.8.3 certain, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper 3.5 mm
relative motion of thrust
(tectonically higher) plate faults (see Section
?
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence 2.11).
2.8.4 questionable, location approximate. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm .75 mm If desired, "2nd option"
upper (tectonically higher) plate and "3rd option" sym-
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity and existence bols may be used to
2.8.5 certain, location inferred. Sawteeth on upper (tec- 1.5 mm 2.5 mm show other types or
tonically higher) plate generations of thrust
? faults.
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence
2.8.6 questionable, location inferred. Sawteeth on upper ? .75 mm .75 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity and existence
2.8.7 certain, location concealed. Sawteeth on upper .5 mm 2.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence
2.8.8 questionable, location concealed. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm .75 mm
upper (tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and existence
2.8.9 certain, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper (tec- lineweight .375 mm HB-8
tonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence sawtooth
2.8.10 questionable, location accurate. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm height 1.5 mm;
60 lineweight
upper (tectonically higher) plate 12.0 mm .2 mm
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and existence
2.8.11 certain, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper 3.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence
2.8.12 questionable, location approximate. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm .75 mm
upper (tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and existence
2.8.13 certain, location inferred. Sawteeth on upper (tec- 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
tonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence
2.8.14 questionable, location inferred. Sawteeth on upper ? .75 mm .75 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and existence
2.8.15 certain, location concealed. Sawteeth on upper .5 mm 2.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence
2.8.16 questionable, location concealed. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm .75 mm
upper (tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and existence
2.8.17 certain, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper (tec- lineweight .375 mm HB-8
tonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence sawtooth
2.8.18 questionable, location accurate. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm height 1.5 mm;
60 lineweight
upper (tectonically higher) plate 12.0 mm .2 mm
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and existence
2.8.19 certain, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper 3.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence
2.8.20 questionable, location approximate. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm .75 mm
upper (tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and existence
2.8.21 certain, location inferred. Sawteeth on upper (tec- 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
tonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence
2.8.22 questionable, location inferred. Sawteeth on upper ? .75 mm .75 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and existence
2.8.23 certain, location concealed. Sawteeth on upper .5 mm 2.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate
?
Thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence
2.8.24 questionable, location concealed. Sawteeth on ? .75 mm .75 mm
upper (tectonically higher) plate
A27 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.9Overturned thrust faults
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity and exis- 3.0 mm
Bars and sawteeth indi-
2.9.1 tence certain, location accurate. Bars on tectonically lineweight
HB-8 cate overall fault type
2.25 mm
higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip .375 mm (overturned thrust fault);
? .5 mm
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity or exis- they are not placed at
.75 mm 40 sawtooth specific localities where
2.9.2 tence questionable, location accurate. Bars on tectoni- ? 60 height
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip 12.0 mm 1.5 mm observations have been
made.
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity and exis- In cross section, use
2.9.3 tence certain, location approximate. Bars on tectoni- 3.5 mm
paired arrows to show
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip relative motion of over-
?
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence turned thrust faults (see
2.9.4 questionable, location approximate. Bars on tectonical- ? .75 mm .75 mm Section 2.11).
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip If desired, "2nd option"
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity and ex- and "3rd option" sym-
2.9.5 istence certain, location inferred. Bars on tectonical- 1.5 mm 3.5 mm bols may be used to
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip show other types or
? generations of over-
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity or exis-
turned thrust faults.
2.9.6 tence questionable, location inferred. Bars on tectoni- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity and exis-
2.9.7 tence certain, location concealed. Bars on tectonical- .5 mm 3.5 mm
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence
2.9.8 questionable, location concealed. Bars on tectonically ? .75 mm .75 mm
higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and ex- 3.0 mm
2.9.9 istence certain, location accurate. Bars on tectonical- lineweight
HB-8 2.25 mm
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip .375 mm
? .5 mm
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or exis- 40 sawtooth
2.9.10 tence questionable, location accurate. Bars on tectoni- ? .75 mm height 1.5 mm;
60 lineweight
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip 12.0 mm .2 mm
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and exis-
2.9.11 tence certain, location approximate. Bars on tectoni- 3.5 mm
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence
2.9.12 questionable, location approximate. Bars on tectonically ? .75 mm .75 mm
higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and ex-
2.9.13 istence certain, location inferred. Bars on tectonical- 1.5 mm 3.5 mm
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or exis-
2.9.14 tence questionable, location inferred. Bars on tectoni- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and exis-
2.9.15 tence certain, location concealed. Bars on tectonical- .5 mm 3.5 mm
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or exis-
2.9.16 tence questionable, location concealed. Bars on tecton- ? .75 mm .75 mm
ically higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and exis- 3.0 mm
2.9.17 tence certain, location accurate. Bars on tectonically lineweight
HB-8 2.25 mm
higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip .375 mm
? .5 mm
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or exis- 40 sawtooth
2.9.18 tence questionable, location accurate. Bars on tectoni- ? .75 mm height 1.5 mm;
60 lineweight
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip 12.0 mm .2 mm
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and exis-
2.9.19 tence certain, location approximate. Bars on tectoni- 3.5 mm
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence
2.9.20 questionable, location approximate. Bars on tectonically ? .75 mm .75 mm
higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and ex-
2.9.21 istence certain, location inferred. Bars on tectonical- 1.5 mm 3.5 mm
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or exis-
2.9.22 tence questionable, location inferred. Bars on tectoni- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cally higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and exis-
2.9.23 tence certain, location concealed. Bars on tectonical- .5 mm 3.5 mm
ly higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
?
Overturned thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence
2.9.24 questionable, location concealed. Bars on tectonically ? .75 mm .75 mm
higher plate (footwall); sawteeth in direction of dip
A28 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.10Detachment faults (sense of slip unspecified)
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st lineweight .375 mm May be used to show
HB-8
2.10.1 option)Identity and existence certain, location either normal (exten-
accurate. Hachures on upper plate sional) or thrust (com-
hachure
? 1.25
pressional) offset.
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st mm
lineweight .75 mm Hachures indicate over-
2.10.2 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .25 mm 1.25 mm
tion accurate. Hachures on upper plate 12.0 mm all fault type (detach-
ment fault); they are not
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st
placed at specific locali-
2.10.3 option)Identity and existence certain, location 3.5 mm
ties where observations
approximate. Hachures on upper plate
? have been made.
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st In cross section, use
2.10.4 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
paired arrows to show
tion approximate. Hachures on upper plate relative motion of
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st detachment faults (see
2.10.5 option)Identity and existence certain, location 1.5 mm 2.5 mm Section 2.11).
inferred. Hachures on upper plate If desired, "2nd option"
? and "3rd option" sym-
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st
2.10.6 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm bols may be used to
tion inferred. Hachures on upper plate show other types or
generations of detach-
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st ment faults.
2.10.7 option)Identity and existence certain, location .5 mm 2.5 mm
concealed. Hachures on upper plate
?
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (1st
2.10.8 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
tion concealed. Hachures on upper plate
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd lineweight .375 mm May be used to show
HB-8
2.10.9 option)Identity and existence certain, location either normal (exten-
accurate. Boxes on upper plate sional) or thrust (com-
box
? 1.25
pressional) offset.
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd mm
lineweight .75 mm Boxes indicate overall
2.10.10 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .25 mm 1.25 mm
tion accurate. Boxes on upper plate 12.0 mm fault type (detachment
fault); they are not
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd
placed at specific locali-
2.10.11 option)Identity and existence certain, location 3.5 mm
ties where observations
approximate. Boxes on upper plate
? have been made.
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd In cross section, use
2.10.12 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
paired arrows to show
tion approximate. Boxes on upper plate relative motion of
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd detachment faults (see
2.10.13 option)Identity and existence certain, location 1.5 mm 2.5 mm Section 2.11).
inferred. Boxes on upper plate If desired, "2nd option"
? and "3rd option" sym-
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd
2.10.14 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm bols may be used to
tion inferred. Boxes on upper plate show other types or
generations of detach-
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd ment faults.
2.10.15 option)Identity and existence certain, location .5 mm 2.5 mm
concealed. Boxes on upper plate
?
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd
2.10.16 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
tion concealed. Boxes on upper plate
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd lineweight .375 mm HB-8
2.10.17 option)Identity and existence certain, location 1.25 mm
accurate. Boxes on upper plate
box
? 1.25
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd mm
lineweight .75 mm
2.10.18 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .25 mm .625
tion accurate. Boxes on upper plate 12.0 mm mm
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.10.19 option)Identity and existence certain, location 3.5 mm
approximate. Boxes on upper plate
?
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.10.20 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
tion approximate. Boxes on upper plate
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.10.21 option)Identity and existence certain, location 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
inferred. Boxes on upper plate
?
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.10.22 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
tion inferred. Boxes on upper plate
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.10.23 option)Identity and existence certain, location .5 mm 2.5 mm
concealed. Boxes on upper plate
?
Detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.10.24 option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .75 mm .75 mm
tion concealed. Boxes on upper plate
A29 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.10Detachment faults (sense of slip unspecified) (continued)
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) lineweight .375 mm HB-8
May be used to show
2.10.25 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. 1.25 mm either normal (exten-
Hachures on upper plate sional) or thrust (com-
hachure
? 1.25
pressional) offset.
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) mm
lineweight .75 mm
2.10.26 Identity or existence questionable, location ? .25 mm Hachures indicate over-
.625
accurate. Hachures on upper plate 12.0 mm mm all fault type (master
detachment fault); they
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified)
are not placed at spec-
2.10.27 Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
ific localities where
mate. Hachures on upper plate
? observations have been
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) made.
2.10.28 Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm
In cross section, use
approximate. Hachures on upper plate paired arrows to show
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) relative motion of mas-
2.10.29 Identity and existence certain, location inferred. 1.5 mm 2.5 mm ter detachment faults
Hachures on upper plate (see Section 2.11).
?
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified)
2.10.30 Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm
inferred. Hachures on upper plate
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified)
2.10.31 Identity and existence certain, location con- .5 mm 2.5 mm
cealed. Hachures on upper plate
?
Master detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified)
2.10.32 Identity or existence questionable, location con- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cealed. Hachures on upper plate
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of lineweight .375 mm HB-8 May be used to show
2.10.33 slip unspecified)Identity and existence certain, either normal (exten-
location accurate. Ticks on upper plate sional) or thrust (com-
tick
? 1.25
pressional) offset.
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of mm
lineweight .75 mm Ticks indicate overall
2.10.34 slip unspecified)Identity or existence question- ? .25 mm
able, location accurate. Ticks on upper plate 12.0 mm fault type (listric fault at
head of detachment
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of
fault); they are not
2.10.35 slip unspecified)Identity and existence certain, 3.5 mm
placed at specific locali-
location approximate. Ticks on upper plate
? ties where observations
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of have been made.
2.10.36 slip unspecified)Identity or existence question- ? .75 mm .75 mm
In cross section, use
able, location approximate. Ticks on upper plate paired arrows to show
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of relative motion of listric
2.10.37 slip unspecified)Identity and existence certain, 1.5 mm 2.5 mm faults at head of detach-
location inferred. Ticks on upper plate ment faults (see Section
? 2.11).
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of
2.10.38 slip unspecified)Identity or existence question- ? .75 mm .75 mm
able, location inferred. Ticks on upper plate
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of
2.10.39 slip unspecified)Identity and existence certain, .5 mm 2.5 mm
location concealed. Ticks on upper plate
?
Listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of
2.10.40 slip unspecified)Identity or existence question- ? .75 mm .75 mm
able, location concealed. Ticks on upper plate
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A210
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.11Line-symbol decorations and notations for faults
tick length 1.0 mm; .875 mm diameter Place line-symbol deco-
Fault showing local normal offset (1st option)Ball lineweight .175 mm
2.11.1 rations where observa-
and bar on downthrown block
lineweight .375 mm tions have been made.
H-7 Line-symbol decora-
Fault showing local normal offset (2nd option)U, U U tions may be added to
2.11.2
upthrown block; D, downthrown block D D any type or style of fault
H-7
HI-6 to show local relative
Fault showing local reverse offsetShowing dip 65 65 tick length
U U 1.75 mm; motion or geomorphic
2.11.3 value and direction. U, upthrown block; D, down-
D D lineweight relations.
thrown block .225 mm
Line-symbol decora-
5.25 mm
Fault showing local right-lateral strike-slip offset tions may also be add-
2.11.4 ed to faults in places
Arrows show relative motion
arrow lineweight .2 mm where local geomorphic
5.25 mm features may indicate
Fault showing local left-lateral strike-slip offset an apparent offset but
2.11.5
Arrows show relative motion where true sense of dis-
arrow lineweight .2 mm
Fault showing local right-lateral oblique-slip offset .875 mm diameter placement is unknown.
2.11.6 Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar on tick length
1.0 mm;
downthrown block lineweight .175 mm
Fault showing local left-lateral oblique-slip offset .875 mm diameter
2.11.7 Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar on tick length
1.0 mm;
downthrown block lineweight .175 mm
35 tick length 35 HI-6 Place tick, arrow, or oth-
Inclined fault (1st option)Showing dip value and 1.75 mm;
2.11.8
lineweight er line-symbol decora-
direction
.225 mm tion where observation
15 tick length 15 was made.
Inclined fault (2nd option)Showing dip value and 1.375 mm; .875 mm
Add arrowhead or '90'
2.11.9
direction lineweight
.225 mm 30
to ticks showing dip if
tick length
necessary for clarity.
2.11.10 Vertical or near-vertical fault (1st option) 2.5 mm;
lineweight
.225 mm
90 90 HI-6
2.11.11 Vertical or near-vertical fault (2nd option)
65 6.0 mm 65 HI-6
Lineation on fault surfaceShowing bearing and lineweight
2.11.12
plunge .225 mm
25 1.5 mm
Lineation on inclined fault surfaceTick shows fault 25 35 tick length HI-6 25 35
1.75 mm;
2.11.13 dip value and direction; arrow shows bearing and lineweight
plunge of lineation .225 mm
H-6 Place displacement val-
68 68
2.11.14 FaultShowing amount of local displacement ue where measurement
was made.
H-8 Letter size or spacing
FaultShowing name
GOLDEN FAULT GOLDEN FAULT
2.11.15 may be increased on
longer fault segments.
5.25 mm
Normal fault (in cross section)Arrows show rela-
2.11.16
tive motion
arrow lineweight .2 mm
2.11.24 to fault)
upper (tectonically higher) plate
A211 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.12Fault scarps
Scarp on fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or hachure lineweight .175 mm
2.12.1 high-angle; or unknown or unspecified orientation
or sense of slip)Identity and existence certain, HB-8
location accurate. Hachures point downscarp 1.0
? mm
Scarp on fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or lineweight
2.12.2 high-angle; or unknown or unspecified orientation ? .375 mm .75
or sense of slip)Identity or existence question- mm
2.0 mm
able, location accurate. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
Scarp on fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or
2.12.3 high-angle; or unknown or unspecified orientation
or sense of slip)Identity and existence certain, 3.5 mm
location approximate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on fault (generic; vertical, subvertical, or high-
2.12.4 angle; or unknown or unspecified orientation or ?
sense of slip)Identity or existence questionable, .75 mm .75 mm
location approximate. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on normal faultIdentity and existence cer- hachure lineweight .175 mm
tick length 1.0 mm; .875 mm diameter
2.12.5 tain, location accurate. Ball and bar on down- HB-8
lineweight .175 mm
thrown block. Hachures point downscarp 1.0
? ? mm
Scarp on normal faultIdentity or existence ques- lineweight .75
2.12.6 tionable, location accurate. Ball and bar on down- ? ? .375 mm mm
thrown block. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm 2.0 mm
A212
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.12Fault scarps (continued)
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset hachure height 1.0 mm; lineweight .175 mm
2.12.21 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. Rec- HB-8
2.0 mm
tangles on upthrown block. Hachures point downscarp .5
?
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset mm
lineweight .75
2.12.22 Identity or existence questionable, location accurate. ? .375 mm mm 2.0 mm
Rectangles on upthrown block. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.12.23 Identity and existence certain, location approximate. 3.5 mm
Rectangles on upthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, reverse-slip offset
2.12.24 Identity or existence questionable, location approximate. ? .75 mm .75 mm
Rectangles on upthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset hachure height 1.0 mm; lineweight .175 mm
2.12.25 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. Rectan- lineweight .375 mm
HB-8
2.0 mm
gles on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp .5
?
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset mm
lineweight .75
2.12.26 Identity or existence questionable, location accurate. Rec- ? .2 mm mm
2.0 mm
tangles on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset
2.12.27 Identity and existence certain, location approximate. Rec- 3.5 mm
tangles on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on rotational or scissor fault, normal-slip offset
2.12.28 Identity or existence questionable, location approximate. Rec- ? .75 mm .75 mm
tangles on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity hachure height 1.0 mm; lineweight .175 mm
arrow 5.25 mm HB-8
2.12.29 and existence certain, location accurate. Arrows lineweight
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp .2 mm
? ?
Scarp on strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity lineweight .75
2.12.30 or existence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ? .375 mm mm
2.0 mm
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
Scarp on strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity
2.12.31 and existence certain, location approximate. Arrows 3.5 mm
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp
? ?
Scarp on strike-slip fault, right-lateral offsetIdentity or
2.12.32 existence questionable, location approximate. Arrows ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on strike-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity hachure height 1.0 mm; lineweight .175 mm
arrow 5.25 mm HB-8
2.12.33 and existence certain, location accurate. Arrows lineweight
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp .2 mm
? ?
Scarp on strike-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity or lineweight .75
2.12.34 existence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ? .375 mm mm
2.0 mm
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
Scarp on strike-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity
2.12.35 and existence certain, location approximate. Arrows 3.5 mm
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp
? ?
Scarp on strike-slip fault, left-lateral offsetIdentity or
2.12.36 existence questionable, location approximate. Arrows ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
show relative motion. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offset hachure height 1.0 mm; lineweight .175 mm
2.12.37 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. arrow 5.25 mm .875 mm
Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar on lineweight diameter
downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp .2 mm tick length
? ? 1.0 mm;
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offset lineweight .75 lineweight
2.12.38 Identity or existence questionable, location accu- ? ? .375 mm mm .175 mm
rate. Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar on
downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp HB-8 12.0 mm 2.0 mm
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offset
2.12.39 Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
mate. Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar
on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
? ?
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, right-lateral offset
2.12.40 Identity or existence questionable, location approx- ? ?
imate. Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar .75 mm .75 mm
on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, left-lateral offset hachure height 1.0 mm; lineweight .175 mm
2.12.41 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. .875 mm 5.25 mm arrow
Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar on diameter lineweight
downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp tick length .2 mm
1.0 mm; ? ?
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, left-lateral offset lineweight .75
2.12.42 Identity or existence questionable, location accu- ? ? .175 mm HB-8 mm
rate. Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar on lineweight
downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp .375 mm 12.0 mm 2.0 mm
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, left-lateral offset
2.12.43 Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
mate. Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar
on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
? ?
Scarp on oblique-slip fault, left-lateral offset
2.12.44 Identity or existence questionable, location approx- ? ?
imate. Arrows show relative motion; ball and bar .75 mm .75 mm
on downthrown block. Hachures point downscarp
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A213
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.12Fault scarps (continued)
Scarp on thrust fault (1st option)Identity and exis- hachure lineweight .175 mm; height 1.0 mm
2.12.45 tence certain, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper HB-8 2.0 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence lineweight
.375 mm .75 mm sawtooth
2.12.46 questionable, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper ? 60 height
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm 1.5 mm
Scarp on thrust fault (1st option)Identity and existence
2.12.47 certain, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper 3.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on thrust fault (1st option)Identity or existence
2.12.48 questionable, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper ? .75 mm .75 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and exis- hachure lineweight .175 mm; height 1.0 mm
2.12.49 tence certain, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper HB-8 2.0 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence lineweight sawtooth
.375 mm .75 mm
2.12.50 questionable, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper ? 60 height 1.5 mm;
lineweight
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
.2 mm
Scarp on thrust fault (2nd option)Identity and exis-
2.12.51 tence certain, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper 3.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on thrust fault (2nd option)Identity or existence
2.12.52 questionable, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper ? .75 mm .75 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and exis- hachure lineweight .175 mm; height 1.0 mm
2.12.53 tence certain, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper HB-8 2.0 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence lineweight sawtooth
.375 mm .75 mm
2.12.54 questionable, location accurate. Sawteeth on upper ? 60 height 1.5 mm;
lineweight
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm
.2 mm
Scarp on thrust fault (3rd option)Identity and existence
2.12.55 certain, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper 3.5 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on thrust fault (3rd option)Identity or existence
2.12.56 questionable, location approximate. Sawteeth on upper ? .75 mm .75 mm
(tectonically higher) plate. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (1st option) hachure lineweight .175 mm; height 1.0 mm
Identity and existence certain, location accurate. 3.0 mm
2.12.57 2.0 mm HB-8 2.25 mm
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw-
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp .5 mm
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (1st option)
?
lineweight
Identity or existence questionable, location accurate. .375 mm .75 mm 40 sawtooth
2.12.58
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw- ? 60 height
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm 1.5 mm
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (1st option)
2.12.59 Identity and existence certain, location approximate. 3.5 mm
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw-
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (1st option)
2.12.60 Identity or existence questionable, location approxi- ?
mate. Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw- .75 mm .75 mm
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (2nd option) hachure lineweight .175 mm; height 1.0 mm
Identity and existence certain, location accurate. 3.0 mm
2.12.61 2.0 mm HB-8 2.25 mm
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw-
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp .5 mm
?
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (2nd option) lineweight sawtooth
Identity or existence questionable, location accurate. .375 mm .75 mm 40
2.12.62
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); sawteeth ? 60 height 1.5 mm;
lineweight
in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm .2 mm
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (2nd option)
2.12.63 Identity and existence certain, location approximate. 3.5 mm
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw-
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (2nd option)
2.12.64 Identity or existence questionable, location approxi- ?
mate. Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw- .75 mm .75 mm
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (3rd option) hachure lineweight .175 mm; height 1.0 mm
Identity and existence certain, location accurate. 3.0 mm
2.12.65 2.0 mm HB-8 2.25 mm
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw-
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp .5 mm
?
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (3rd option) lineweight sawtooth
Identity or existence questionable, location accurate. .375 mm .75 mm 40
2.12.66
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); sawteeth ? 60 height 1.5 mm;
lineweight
in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm .2 mm
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (3rd option)
2.12.67 Identity and existence certain, location approximate. 3.5 mm
Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw-
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on overturned thrust fault (3rd option)
2.12.68 Identity or existence questionable, location approxi- ?
mate. Bars on tectonically higher plate (footwall); saw- .75 mm .75 mm
teeth in direction of dip. Hachures point downscarp
A214 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.12Fault scarps (continued)
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspeci- hachure height 1.0 mm;
fied) (1st option)Identity and existence certain, lo- lineweight .175 mm 2.0 mm
2.12.69 HB-8
cation accurate. Long-hachure pairs on upper plate.
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
? hachure
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) lineweight height
2.12.70 (1st option)Identity or existence questionable, lo- ? .375 mm .75 mm 1.25 mm;
cation accurate. Long-hachure pairs on upper plate. 1.25 lineweight
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm mm .25 mm
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified)
2.12.71 (1st option)Identity and existence certain, location 3.5 mm
approximate. Long-hachure pairs on upper plate.
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified)
2.12.72 (1st option)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ?
tion approximate. Long-hachure pairs on upper plate. .75 mm .75 mm
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd hachure height 1.0 mm;
lineweight .175 mm 2.0 mm
2.12.73 option)Identity and existence certain, location accu- HB-8
rate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd lineweight box height
.75 mm 1.25 mm;
2.12.74 option)Identity or existence questionable, location ac- ? .375 mm
1.25 lineweight
curate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm mm .25 mm
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd
2.12.75 option)Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
mate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (2nd
2.12.76 option)Identity or existence questionable, location approx- ? .75 mm .75 mm
imate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd hachure height 1.0 mm;
lineweight .175 mm 1.25
2.12.77 option)Identity and existence certain, location accu- mm 2.0 mm
HB-8
rate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd lineweight box height
.75 mm 1.25 mm;
2.12.78 option)Identity or existence questionable, location ac- ? .375 mm
.625 lineweight
curate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm mm .25 mm
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.12.79 option)Identity and existence certain, location approxi- 3.5 mm
mate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on detachment fault (sense of slip unspecified) (3rd
2.12.80 option)Identity or existence questionable, location approx- ? .75 mm .75 mm
imate. Boxes on upper plate. Hachures point downscarp
Scarp on master detachment fault (sense of slip un- hachure height 1.0 mm;
1.25
specified)Identity and existence certain, location lineweight .175 mm 2.0 mm
2.12.81 mm
accurate. Long-hachure triplets on upper plate. HB-8
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
? hachure
Scarp on master detachment fault (sense of slip un- lineweight height
2.12.82 specified)Identity or existence questionable, loca- ? .375 mm .75 mm 1.25 mm;
tion accurate. Long-hachure triplets on upper plate. .625 lineweight
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm mm .25 mm
Scarp on master detachment fault (sense of slip un-
2.12.83 specified)Identity and existence certain, location 3.5 mm
approximate. Long-hachure triplets on upper plate.
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on master detachment fault (sense of slip unspe-
2.12.84 cified)Identity or existence questionable, location ?
approximate. Long-hachure triplets on upper plate. .75 mm .75 mm
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
Scarp on listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense lineweight .375 mm
2.12.85 of slip unspecified)Identity and existence certain, HB-8 2.0 mm
location accurate. Single (longer) ticks on upper plate.
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp hachure
height ?
Scarp on listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense 1.0 mm;
2.12.86 of slip unspecified)Identity or existence questionable, ? lineweight .75 mm
location accurate. Single (longer) ticks on upper plate. .175 mm tick height 1.25 mm;
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp 12.0 mm lineweight .25 mm
Scarp on listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense
2.12.87 of slip unspecified)Identity and existence certain, lo- 3.5 mm
cation approximate. Single (longer) ticks on upper plate.
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
?
Scarp on listric fault at head of detachment fault (sense of
2.12.88 slip unspecified)Identity or existence questionable, lo- ?
cation approximate. Single (longer) ticks on upper plate. .75 mm .75 mm
Shorter, widely spaced hachures point downscarp
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A215
!" #
$ #
2FAULTS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.13Quaternary faulting
Although only shown
fault [lineweight .375 mm]
Fault showing displacement during historic time
2.13.1 here on "identity and
(includes areas of known fault creep)
lineweight 1.25 mm; color 100% red existence certain, loca-
fault [lineweight .375 mm] tion accurate," generic
2.13.2 Fault showing displacement during Holocene time faults, color may be
added to any type or
lineweight 1.25 mm; color 100% orange
style of fault to highlight
fault [lineweight .375 mm] where geomorphic evi-
Fault showing displacement during late Quaternary
2.13.3 dence indicates dis-
time
lineweight 1.25 mm; color 100% green placement during Qua-
fault [lineweight .375 mm] ternary time.
Fault showing displacement during Quaternary time
2.13.4
(undifferentiated)
lineweight 1.25 mm; color 100% violet
2.14Shear zones; mylonite zones; fault-breccia zones
3.75 mm Orient S-shaped sym-
Ductile shear zone or mylonite zoneMay or may
2.14.1 bols to indicate linear
not be associated with mappable faults
all lineweights .2 mm trend of zone; spacing
may be varied to show
2.14.2 Zone of sheared rock within fault intensity of shear.
pattern 405-K (at ~45 Width of zones may
to fault trend)
vary.
Fault-breccia zone or zone of broken rock within pattern Patterns may either
2.14.3
fault 401-K overprint other map
units or be used as
Fault-breccia zone or zone of broken rock around stand-alone map units
2.14.4
fault pattern (if zones have well-
401-K defined boundaries).
2.15Small, minor faults
HI-6
35 35 tick lineweight .2 mm Use to show small,
2.15.1 Small, minor inclined faultShowing strike and dip 1.425 m minor faults that are
lineweight
10.0 mm .375 mm observed in outcrop but
that cannot be traced
Small, minor vertical or near-vertical fault away from that outcrop.
2.15.2 2.5 mm
Showing strike
85 85
Small, minor shear faultShowing dip. Arrow
2.15.3
shows direction of relative horizontal displacement arrow lineweight .2 mm
A216
!" #
$ #
3BOUNDARIES LOCATED BY GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
3.1Boundaries located by geophysical methods
lineweight .2 mm H-8 Use for boundaries that
3.1.1 Boundary located by aeromagnetic survey AM AM have been defined by
3.5 mm .5 mm measured contrasts in
rock properties but that
3.1.2 Boundary located by ground magnetic survey M M may not be definitively
identifiable as either a
contact or a fault by sur-
G G vey methods.
3.1.3 Boundary located by gravity survey
May be shown in red or
other colors.
dot diameter .3 mm
3.3.4 Horizontal control point 1.75 mm
lineweight .2 mm 60
lineweight .2 mm
3.3.5 Survey station 1.75 mm
1.75 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A31
!" #
$ #
4LINEAMENTS AND JOINTS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
4.1Lineaments
lineweight .375 mm Use to show linear fea-
4.1.1 Lineament tures that have been
4.5 mm 1.25 mm .75 mm determined from aerial
H-7 photographs or remotely
LineamentShowing name OLYMPIC-WALLOWA OLYMPIC-WALLOWA sensed imagery but not
4.1.2
identified on the ground.
4.2Joints
lineweight .3 mm Use to show regional
JointIdentity and existence certain, location accu- joint patterns or single
4.2.1
rate joints that are mappable
2.0 mm beyond outcrop.
JointIdentity and existence certain, location May also be shown in
4.2.2
approximate red or other colors.
.5 mm
35 tick length 35 HI-6 Place tick where obser-
Inclined joint (1st option)Showing dip value and 1.75 mm;
4.2.3 vation was made.
direction lineweight
.2 mm Add arrowhead or '90'
15 tick length 15 to tick if necessary for
Inclined joint (2nd option)Showing dip value and 1.375 mm; .875 mm clarity.
4.2.4
direction lineweight
.2 mm 30
tick length
4.2.5 Vertical or subvertical joint (1st option) 2.5 mm;
lineweight
.2 mm
90 90 HI-6
4.2.6 Vertical or subvertical joint (2nd option)
A41
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.1Anticlines
arrow lineweight color 100% magenta Place fold trace where
Anticline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .2 mm 40
5.1.1 axial surface of anticline
tain, location accurate HB-8
5.5 intersects the ground
mm
? ? surface.
Anticline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- .75 mm Place arrows at places
5.1.2
tionable, location accurate
? ? lineweight
.25 mm 12.0 mm 1.475 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Anticline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 3.5 mm (anticline); do not place
5.1.3
tain, location approximate at specific locality
? ? where observation was
Anticline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- made.
5.1.4
tionable, location approximate
? ? Arrowheads may be
.75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
of plunge (see Section
Anticline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 1.5 mm 5.10).
5.1.5
tain, location inferred
Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Anticline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- be used to show a sec-
5.1.6
tionable, location inferred
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
ond generation or
another instance of a
Anticline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .5 mm
particular fold type.
5.1.7
tain, location concealed May also be shown in
? ? black or other colors.
Anticline (1st option)Identity or existence ques-
5.1.8
tionable, location concealed
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
A51
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.2Antiforms
arrow lineweight color 100% magenta Place fold trace where
Antiform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .2 mm 60
5.2.1 axial surface of antiform
tain, location accurate HB-8
5.5 intersects the ground
mm
? ? surface.
Antiform (1st option)Identity or existence ques- .75 mm Place arrows at places
5.2.2
tionable, location accurate
? ? lineweight
.25 mm 12.0 mm 1.475 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Antiform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 3.5 mm (antiform); do not place
5.2.3
tain, location approximate at specific locality
? ? where observation was
Antiform (1st option)Identity or existence ques- made.
5.2.4
tionable, location approximate
? ? Arrowheads may be
.75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
of plunge (see Section
Antiform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 1.5 mm 5.10).
5.2.5
tain, location inferred
Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Antiform (1st option)Identity or existence ques- be used to show a sec-
5.2.6
tionable, location inferred
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
ond generation or
another instance of a
Antiform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .5 mm
particular fold type.
5.2.7
tain, location concealed May also be shown in
? ? black or other colors.
Antiform (1st option)Identity or existence ques-
5.2.8
tionable, location concealed
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
A52
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.3Asymmetric, overturned, and inverted anticlines
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity and color 100% magentaPlace fold trace where
2.25 mm 40 1.475 mm
5.3.1 existence certain, location accurate. Beds are lineweight axial surface of asym-
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8 metric anticline inter-
? ? sects the ground sur-
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity or exis- .75 mm
5.3.2 tence questionable, location accurate. Beds are ? ? 3.5 mm face.
arrow lineweight
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm Place arrows at places
along fold trace to indi-
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity and cate overall fold type
3.5 mm
5.3.3 existence certain, location approximate. Beds are (asymmetric anticline);
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb do not place at specific
? ?
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity or exis- locality where observa-
5.3.4 tence questionable, location approximate. Beds ? ? tion was made.
are upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
Arrowheads may be
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity and added to show direction
5.3.5 existence certain, location inferred. Beds are 1.5 mm of plunge (see Section
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb 5.10).
? ? Open-arrowed ("2nd
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity or exis-
5.3.6 tence questionable, location inferred. Beds are ? ? option") symbols may
.75 mm .75 mm
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity and another instance of a
5.3.7 existence certain, location concealed. Beds are .5 mm
particular fold type.
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ? May also be shown in
Asymmetric anticline (1st option)Identity or exis- black or other colors.
5.3.8 tence questionable, location concealed. Beds are ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb
Asymmetric anticline (2nd option)Identity and color 100% magenta
2.25 mm 40 1.475 mm
5.3.9 existence certain, location accurate. Beds are lineweight
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8
? ?
Asymmetric anticline (2nd option)Identity or exis- .75 mm
5.3.10 tence questionable, location accurate. Beds are ? ? 3.5 mm
arrow lineweight
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm
Asymmetric anticline (2nd option)Identity and
3.5 mm
5.3.11 existence certain, location approximate. Beds are
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ?
Asymmetric anticline (2nd option)Identity or exis-
5.3.12 tence questionable, location approximate. Beds ? ?
are upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
A53 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.3Asymmetric, overturned, and inverted anticlines (continued)
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity and exis- 2.275 mm Place fold trace where
color 100% magenta
40 1.475 mm axial surface of over-
5.3.25 tence certain, location accurate. Beds on one limb lineweight
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .25 mm HB-8 turned anticline intersects
? ? the ground surface.
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity or existence .75 mm
1.0 mm radius Place arrows at places
5.3.26 questionable, location accurate. Beds on one limb are ? ? arrow lineweight
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity and exis- (overturned anticline);
3.5 mm
5.3.27 tence certain, location approximate. Beds on one limb do not place at specific
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs locality where observa-
? ?
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity or existence tion was made.
5.3.28 questionable, location approximate. Beds on one limb ? ? Arrowheads may be
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity and exis- of plunge (see Section
5.3.29 tence certain, location inferred. Beds on one limb 1.5 mm 5.10).
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity or existence
5.3.30 questionable, location inferred. Beds on one limb are ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs ond generation or
another instance of a
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity and exis- particular fold type.
5.3.31 tence certain, location concealed. Beds on one limb .5 mm
May also be shown in
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
? ? black or other colors.
Overturned anticline (2nd option)Identity or existence
5.3.32 questionable, location concealed. Beds on one limb ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity and existence .875 mm radius color 100% magenta Place fold trace where
5.3.33 certain, location accurate. Beds on both limbs are lineweight 40 1.475 mm axial surface of inverted
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .25 mm HB-8 anticline intersects the
? ? ground surface.
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity or existence .75 mm
5.3.34 questionable, location accurate. Beds on both limbs ? ? 2.25 mm Place arrows at places
arrow lineweight
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity and existence (inverted anticline); do
3.5 mm
5.3.35 certain, location approximate. Beds on both limbs not place at specific
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs locality where observa-
? ?
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity or existence tion was made.
5.3.36 questionable, location approximate. Beds on both limbs ? ? Arrowheads may be
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity and exis- of plunge (see Section
5.3.37 tence certain, location inferred. Beds on both limbs 1.5 mm 5.10).
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity or existence
5.3.38 questionable, location inferred. Beds on both limbs ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs ond generation or
another instance of a
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity and existence particular fold type.
5.3.39 certain, location concealed. Beds on both limbs are .5 mm
May also be shown in
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
? ? black or other colors.
Inverted anticline (1st option)Identity or existence
5.3.40 questionable, location concealed. Beds on both limbs ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
Inverted anticline (2nd option)Identity and exis- .875 mm radius color 100% magenta
5.3.41 tence certain, location accurate. Beds on both limbs lineweight 40 1.475 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .25 mm HB-8
? ?
Inverted anticline (2nd option)Identity or existence .75 mm
5.3.42 questionable, location accurate. Beds on both limbs ? ? 2.25 mm
arrow lineweight
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs 12.0 mm .2 mm
Inverted anticline (2nd option)Identity and existence
3.5 mm
5.3.43 certain, location approximate. Beds on both limbs
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
? ?
Inverted anticline (2nd option)Identity or existence
5.3.44 questionable, location approximate. Beds on both limbs ? ?
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .75 mm .75 mm
A54 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.4Antiformal sheath folds
color 100% magenta arrow lineweight .2 mm Place fold trace where
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and
5.4.1 lineweight
1.5 mm axial surface of antifor-
existence certain, location accurate HB-8
.25 mm mal sheath fold inter-
? ? sects the ground sur-
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- .75 mm face.
5.4.2
tence questionable, location accurate
? ? 50 1.475 mm
12.0 mm 1.25 mm radius Place arrows at places
along fold trace to indi-
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and 3.5 mm cate overall fold type
5.4.3
existence certain, location approximate (antiformal sheath fold);
? ? do not place at specific
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- locality where observa-
5.4.4
tence questionable, location approximate
? ? tion was made.
.75 mm .75 mm Arrowheads may be
added to show direction
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and 1.5 mm of plunge (see Section
5.4.5
existence certain, location inferred 5.10).
? ? Open-arrowed ("2nd
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- option") symbols may
5.4.6
tence questionable, location inferred
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and .5 mm
another instance of a
5.4.7 particular fold type.
existence certain, location concealed
? ? May also be shown in
Antiformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- black or other colors.
5.4.8
tence questionable, location concealed
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
A55
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.5Synclines
arrow lineweight color 100% magenta Place fold trace where
Syncline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .2 mm 40
5.5.1 axial surface of syncline
tain, location accurate HB-8
intersects the ground
? ? surface.
lineweight
Syncline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- .25 mm .75 mm Place arrows at places
5.5.2
tionable, location accurate
? ?
2.725 mm 12.0 mm 1.475 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Syncline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 3.5 mm (syncline); do not place
5.5.3
tain, location approximate at specific locality
? ? where observation was
Syncline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- made.
5.5.4
tionable, location approximate
? ? Arrowheads may be
.75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
of plunge (see Section
Syncline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 1.5 mm 5.10).
5.5.5
tain, location inferred
Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Syncline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- be used to show a sec-
5.5.6
tionable, location inferred
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
ond generation or
another instance of a
Syncline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .5 mm
particular fold type.
5.5.7
tain, location concealed May also be shown in
? ? black or other colors.
Syncline (1st option)Identity or existence ques-
5.5.8
tionable, location concealed
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
A56
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.6Synforms
arrow lineweight color 100% magenta Place fold trace where
Synform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .2 mm
5.6.1 60 axial surface of synform
tain, location accurate HB-8
intersects the ground
? ? surface.
lineweight
Synform (1st option)Identity or existence ques- .25 mm .75 mm Place arrows at places
5.6.2
tionable, location accurate
? ?
2.725 mm 12.0 mm 1.475 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Synform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 3.5 mm (synform); do not place
5.6.3
tain, location approximate at specific locality
? ? where observation was
Synform (1st option)Identity or existence ques- made.
5.6.4
tionable, location approximate
? ? Arrowheads may be
.75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
of plunge (see Section
Synform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 1.5 mm 5.10).
5.6.5
tain, location inferred
Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Synform (1st option)Identity or existence ques- be used to show a sec-
5.6.6
tionable, location inferred
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
ond generation or
another instance of a
Synform (1st option)Identity and existence cer- .5 mm
particular fold type.
5.6.7
tain, location concealed May also be shown in
? ? black or other colors.
Synform (1st option)Identity or existence ques-
5.6.8
tionable, location concealed
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
A57
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.7Asymmetric, overturned, and inverted synclines
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity and Place fold trace where
color 100% magenta
2.25 mm 1.475 mm
5.7.1 existence certain, location accurate. Beds are lineweight 40 axial surface of asym-
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8 metric syncline intersects
? ? the ground surface.
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity or exis- .75 mm
5.7.2 tence questionable, location accurate. Beds are ? ? 3.5 mm Place arrows at places
arrow lineweight
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity and (asymmetric syncline);
3.5 mm
5.7.3 existence certain, location approximate. Beds are do not place at specific
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb locality where observa-
? ?
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity or exis- tion was made.
5.7.4 tence questionable, location approximate. Beds ? ? Arrowheads may be
are upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity and of plunge (see Section
5.7.5 existence certain, location inferred. Beds are 1.5 mm 5.10).
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity or exis-
5.7.6 tence questionable, location inferred. Beds are ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb ond generation or
another instance of a
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity and particular fold type.
5.7.7 existence certain, location concealed. Beds are .5 mm
May also be shown in
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ? black or other colors.
Asymmetric syncline (1st option)Identity or exis-
5.7.8 tence questionable, location concealed. Beds are ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb
Asymmetric syncline (2nd option)Identity and color 100% magenta
2.25 mm 1.475 mm
5.7.9 existence certain, location accurate. Beds are lineweight 40
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8
? ?
Asymmetric syncline (2nd option)Identity or exis- .75 mm
5.7.10 tence questionable, location accurate. Beds are ? ? 3.5 mm
arrow lineweight
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm
Asymmetric syncline (2nd option)Identity and
3.5 mm
5.7.11 existence certain, location approximate. Beds are
upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ?
Asymmetric syncline (2nd option)Identity or exis-
5.7.12 tence questionable, location approximate. Beds ? ?
are upright; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
A58 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.7Asymmetric, overturned, and inverted synclines (continued)
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity and exis- 2.275 mm color 100% magentaPlace fold trace where
40 1.475 mm axial surface of over-
5.7.25 tence certain, location accurate. Beds on one limb lineweight
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .25 mm HB-8 turned syncline intersects
? ? the ground surface.
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity or existence .75 mm
1.0 mm radius Place arrows at places
5.7.26 questionable, location accurate. Beds on one limb are ? ? arrow lineweight
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity and exis- (overturned syncline);
3.5 mm
5.7.27 tence certain, location approximate. Beds on one limb do not place at specific
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs locality where observa-
? ?
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity or existence tion was made.
5.7.28 questionable, location approximate. Beds on one limb ? ? Arrowheads may be
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity and exis- of plunge (see Section
5.7.29 tence certain, location inferred. Beds on one limb 1.5 mm 5.10).
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity or existence
5.7.30 questionable, location inferred. Beds on one limb are ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs ond generation or
another instance of a
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity and exis- particular fold type.
5.7.31 tence certain, location concealed. Beds on one limb .5 mm
May also be shown in
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
? ? black or other colors.
Overturned syncline (2nd option)Identity or existence
5.7.32 questionable, location concealed. Beds on one limb ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity and existence .875 mm radius color 100% magenta Place fold trace where
5.7.33 certain, location accurate. Beds on both limbs are lineweight 40 1.475 mm axial surface of inverted
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .25 mm HB-8 syncline intersects the
? ? ground surface.
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity or existence .75 mm
5.7.34 questionable, location accurate. Beds on both limbs ? ? 2.25 mm Place arrows at places
arrow lineweight
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity and existence (inverted syncline); do
3.5 mm
5.7.35 certain, location approximate. Beds on both limbs not place at specific
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs locality where observa-
? ?
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity or existence tion was made.
5.7.36 questionable, location approximate. Beds on both limbs ? ? Arrowheads may be
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity and exis- of plunge (see Section
5.7.37 tence certain, location inferred. Beds on both limbs 1.5 mm 5.10).
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity or existence
5.7.38 questionable, location inferred. Beds on both limbs ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs ond generation or
another instance of a
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity and existence particular fold type.
5.7.39 certain, location concealed. Beds on both limbs are .5 mm
May also be shown in
overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
? ? black or other colors.
Inverted syncline (1st option)Identity or existence
5.7.40 questionable, location concealed. Beds on both limbs ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
Inverted syncline (2nd option)Identity and exis- .875 mm radius color 100% magenta
5.7.41 tence certain, location accurate. Beds on both limbs lineweight 40 1.475 mm
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .25 mm HB-8
? ?
Inverted syncline (2nd option)Identity or existence .75 mm
5.7.42 questionable, location accurate. Beds on both limbs ? ? 2.25 mm
arrow lineweight
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs 12.0 mm .2 mm
Inverted syncline (2nd option)Identity and existence
3.5 mm
5.7.43 certain, location approximate. Beds on both limbs
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs
? ?
Inverted syncline (2nd option)Identity or existence
5.7.44 questionable, location approximate. Beds on both limbs ? ?
are overturned; arrows show dip direction of limbs .75 mm .75 mm
A59 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.8Synformal sheath folds
color 100% magenta arrow lineweight .2 mm Place fold trace where
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and
5.8.1 1.475 mm axial surface of synfor-
existence certain, location accurate HB-8
mal sheath fold inter-
? ? sects the ground sur-
50
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- lineweight .75 mm face.
5.8.2
tence questionable, location accurate
? ? 1.5 mm
.25 mm 1.25 mm radius Place arrows at places
12.0 mm
along fold trace to indi-
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and 3.5 mm cate overall fold type
5.8.3
existence certain, location approximate (synformal sheath fold);
? ? do not place at specific
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- locality where observa-
5.8.4
tence questionable, location approximate
? ? tion was made.
.75 mm .75 mm Arrowheads may be
added to show direction
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and 1.5 mm of plunge (see Section
5.8.5
existence certain, location inferred 5.10).
? ? Open-arrowed ("2nd
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- option") symbols may
5.8.6
tence questionable, location inferred
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity and .5 mm
another instance of a
5.8.7 particular fold type.
existence certain, location concealed
? ? May also be shown in
Synformal sheath fold (1st option)Identity or exis- black or other colors.
5.8.8
tence questionable, location concealed
? ? .75 mm .75 mm
A510
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.9Monoclines
Monocline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- arrow lineweight color 100% magenta
Use to show monocline
.2 mm 40 1.475 mm
5.9.1 tain, location accurate. Arrow shows direction of whose anticlinal and
dip HB-8 synclinal bends are too
5.0 ? ?
Monocline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- mm close together at map
.75 mm scale to show as sepa-
5.9.2 tionable, location accurate. Arrow shows direction ? ? lineweight
of dip 12.0 mm
rate fold traces.
.25 mm
Place fold trace where
Monocline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- dip of surface connect-
3.5 mm
5.9.3 tain, location approximate. Arrow shows direction ing anticlinal and syncli-
of dip nal bends is at its maxi-
? ?
Monocline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- mum angle.
5.9.4 tionable, location approximate. Arrow shows direc- ? ? Place arrow at places
tion of dip .75 mm .75 mm
along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Monocline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- 1.5 mm (monocline); do not
5.9.5
tain, location inferred. Arrow shows direction of dip place at specific locality
? ? where observation was
Monocline (1st option)Identity or existence ques-
made.
5.9.6 tionable, location inferred. Arrow shows direction ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
of dip Arrowheads may be
added to show direction
Monocline (1st option)Identity and existence cer- of plunge (see Section
5.9.7 tain, location concealed. Arrow shows direction of .5 mm
5.10).
dip
? ? Open-arrowed ("2nd
Monocline (1st option)Identity or existence ques- option") symbols may
5.9.8 tionable, location concealed. Arrow shows direc- ? ? .75 mm .75 mm be used to show a sec-
tion of dip ond generation or
Monocline (2nd option)Identity and existence cer- arrow lineweight color 100% magenta another instance of a
.2 mm 40 1.475 mm particular fold type.
5.9.9 tain, location accurate. Arrow shows direction of
dip HB-8 May also be shown in
5.0 ? ?
Monocline (2nd option)Identity or existence ques- mm black or other colors.
.75 mm
5.9.10 tionable, location accurate. Arrow shows direction ? ? lineweight
of dip .25 mm 12.0 mm
Monocline (2nd option)Identity and existence cer-
3.5 mm
5.9.11 tain, location approximate. Arrow shows direction
of dip
? ?
Monocline (2nd option)Identity or existence ques-
5.9.12 tionable, location approximate. Arrow shows direc- ? ?
tion of dip .75 mm .75 mm
A511 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.9Monoclines (continued)
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity Place fold trace where
color 100% magenta
2.25 mm 40 1.475 mm
5.9.25 and existence certain, location accurate. Arrows lineweight axial surface of anticlinal
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8 bend of monocline inter-
? ? sects the ground surface.
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity or .75 mm
3.5 mm Place arrows at places
5.9.26 existence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ? arrow lineweight
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity and (anticlinal bend of mono-
3.5 mm
5.9.27 existence certain, location approximate. Arrows cline); do not place at
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb specific locality where
? ?
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity or observation was made.
5.9.28 existence questionable, location approximate. Arrows ? ? Arrowheads may be
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity of plunge (see Section
5.9.29 and existence certain, location inferred. Arrows 1.5 mm 5.10).
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity or
5.9.30 existence questionable, location inferred. Arrows ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb ond generation or
another instance of a
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity particular fold type.
5.9.31 and existence certain, location concealed. Arrows .5 mm
May also be shown in
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ? black or other colors.
Monocline, anticlinal bend (2nd option)Identity or
5.9.32 existence questionable, location concealed. Arrows ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity and 3.5 mm 40 Place fold trace where
color 100% magenta
5.9.33 existence certain, location accurate. Arrows show lineweight 1.475 mm axial surface of synclinal
direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8 bend of monocline inter-
? ? sects the ground surface.
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity or .75 mm
5.9.34 existence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ? 2.25 mm Place arrows at places
arrow lineweight
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm along fold trace to indi-
cate overall fold type
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity and 3.5 mm (synclinal bend of mono-
5.9.35 existence certain, location approximate. Arrows cline); do not place at
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb specific locality where
? ?
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity or observation was made.
5.9.36 existence questionable, location approximate. Arrows ? ? Arrowheads may be
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
added to show direction
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity and of plunge (see Section
5.9.37 existence certain, location inferred. Arrows show 1.5 mm 5.10).
direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb Open-arrowed ("2nd
? ? option") symbols may
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity or
5.9.38 existence questionable, location inferred. Arrows ? ? be used to show a sec-
.75 mm .75 mm
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb ond generation or
another instance of a
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity and particular fold type.
5.9.39 existence certain, location concealed. Arrows show .5 mm
May also be shown in
direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ? black or other colors.
Monocline, synclinal bend (1st option)Identity or
5.9.40 existence questionable, location concealed. Arrows ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb
Monocline, synclinal bend (2nd option)Identity color 100% magenta
3.5 mm 40
5.9.41 and existence certain, location accurate. Arrows lineweight 1.475 mm
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb .25 mm HB-8
? ?
Monocline, synclinal bend (2nd option)Identity or .75 mm
5.9.42 existence questionable, location accurate. Arrows ? ? 2.25 mm
arrow lineweight
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb 12.0 mm .2 mm
Monocline, synclinal bend (2nd option)Identity and 3.5 mm
5.9.43 existence certain, location approximate. Arrows
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb
? ?
Monocline, synclinal bend (2nd option)Identity or
5.9.44 existence questionable, location approximate. Arrows ? ?
show direction of dip; shorter arrow on steeper limb .75 mm .75 mm
A512 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.10Line-symbol decorations and notations for folds
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75 Although only shown
Fold having inclined axial surface (1st option)Tick mm; lineweight
5.10.1 .175 mm; color here on anticlines, line-
shows dip value and direction
100% magenta symbol decorations and
15 HI-6 (100% black) 15 tick length 1.375 notations may be added
Fold having inclined axial surface (2nd option) .875 mm mm; lineweight to any type or style of
5.10.2 .175 mm; color
Tick shows dip value and direction fold.
30 100% magenta
Add arrowhead or '90'
tick length 2.5 mm;
Fold having vertical or near-vertical axial surface lineweight to ticks showing dip if
5.10.3
(1st option) .175 mm; color necessary for clarity.
100% magenta Place where observa-
90 HI-6 (100% black) 90 tion was made.
Fold having vertical or near-vertical axial surface
5.10.4
(2nd option)
1.5 mm Although only shown
Plunging anticlineLarge arrowhead shows direc-
5.10.5 here on anticlines and
tion of plunge
60 color 100% magenta synclines, line-symbol
1.5 mm decorations and nota-
5.10.6 Doubly plunging anticline tions may be added to
color 100% magenta
any type or style of fold.
60
1.5 mm Place arrowhead(s)
Plunging synclineLarge arrowhead shows direc- showing plunge at
5.10.7
tion of plunge end(s) of, or along, any
60 color 100% magenta
type or style of fold to
1.5 mm indicate general plunge
5.10.8 Doubly plunging syncline direction(s); do not add
color 100% magenta 60 plunge angle.
radius 1.25 Although only shown
Fold having near-vertical fold limbsHalf-circle mm; lineweight
5.10.9
.2 mm; color here on anticlines and
shows direction of closure
100% magenta synclines, line-symbol
H-7 decorations and nota-
Crest line (CL) of fold where it diverges from axial CL CL dash length
5.10.10 2.0 mm; tions may be added to
surface of anticline line and text color spacing .5 mm; any type or style of fold.
100% magenta lineweight .2 mm
H-7 dash length
Trough line (TL) of fold where it diverges from axial TL TL 2.0 mm;
5.10.11
surface of syncline line and text color spacing .5 mm;
100% magenta lineweight .2 mm
H-8 Letter size or spacing
5.10.12 FoldShowing name PIKE ANTICLINE PIKE ANTICLINE may be increased on
text color 100% magenta longer fold segments.
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A513
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.11Small, minor folds
color 100% crossbar lineweight .25 mm Use when beds are too
magenta
5.11.1 Small, minor fold, horizontal axial surface tightly folded to show
circle diameter 3.0 mm; lineweight .2 mm traces of individual folds
color 100% 40 or when small, minor
lineweight .2 mm
5.11.2 Small, minor dome magenta 5.5 folds are observed in
mm outcrop but cannot be
1.475 mm
40
traced away from that
color 100%
magenta 5.5
lineweight .2 mm outcrop.
5.11.3 Small, minor basin mm 1.475 mm Open-arrowed ("2nd
.5 mm option") symbols may
color 2.75 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor anticline, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
be used to show a sec-
5.11.4 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm ond generation or
surface (1st option)Showing strike mm
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm another instance of a
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75 particular fold type.
Small, minor anticline, inclined axial surface (1st mm; lineweight
5.11.5 .2 mm; color
May also be shown in
option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta black or other colors.
color 2.75 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor anticline, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
5.11.6 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor anticline, inclined axial surface (2nd mm; lineweight
5.11.7 .2 mm; color
option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.75 mm 60 arrow lineweight
Small, minor antiform, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
5.11.8 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
surface (1st option)Showing strike mm
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor antiform, inclined axial surface (1st mm; lineweight
5.11.9 .2 mm; color
option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.75 mm 60 arrow lineweight
Small, minor antiform, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
5.11.10 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor antiform, inclined axial surface (2nd mm; lineweight
5.11.11 .2 mm; color
option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.25 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor asymmetric anticline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.12 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (1st option)Showing strike mm
3.5 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor asymmetric anticline, inclined axial mm; lineweight
5.11.13 9.0 .2 mm; color
surface (1st option)Showing strike and dip mm 100% magenta
color 2.25 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor asymmetric anticline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.14 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
3.5 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor asymmetric anticline, inclined axial mm; lineweight
5.11.15 9.0 .2 mm; color
surface (2nd option)Showing strike and dip mm 100% magenta
color 2.275 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor overturned anticline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.16
vertical axial surface (1st option)Showing strike magenta 1.0 mm
radius 1.475 mm
6.0 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor overturned anticline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.17 .2 mm; color
face (1st option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.275 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor overturned anticline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.18
vertical axial surface (2nd option)Showing strike magenta 1.0 mm
radius 1.475 mm
6.0 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor overturned anticline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.19 .2 mm; color
face (2nd option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color .875 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor inverted anticline, vertical or near- 100% radius .2 mm
5.11.20 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (1st option)Showing strike mm
2.25 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor inverted anticline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.21 .2 mm; color
face (1st option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color .875 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor inverted anticline, vertical or near- 100% radius .2 mm
5.11.22 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
2.25 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor inverted anticline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.23 .2 mm; color
face (2nd option)Showing strike and dip
9.0 mm 100% magenta
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A514
!" #
$ #
5FOLDS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
5.11Small, minor folds (continued)
color 2.75 mm 40 arrow lineweight Use when beds are too
Small, minor syncline, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
5.11.24 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm tightly folded to show
surface (1st option)Showing strike
2.75 mm mm lineweight .25 mm traces of individual folds
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
or when small, minor
Small, minor syncline, inclined axial surface (1st mm; lineweight folds are observed in
5.11.25
option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color outcrop but cannot be
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 40
traced away from that
2.75 mm arrow lineweight
Small, minor syncline, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm outcrop.
5.11.26 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
Open-arrowed ("2nd
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm option") symbols may
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75 be used to show a sec-
Small, minor syncline, inclined axial surface (2nd mm; lineweight
5.11.27
option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color ond generation or
9.0 mm 100% magenta another instance of a
color 2.75 mm 60 arrow lineweight particular fold type.
Small, minor synform, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
May also be shown in
5.11.28 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
surface (1st option)Showing strike mm black or other colors.
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor synform, inclined axial surface (1st mm; lineweight
5.11.29
option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.75 mm 60 arrow lineweight
Small, minor synform, vertical or near-vertical axial 100% .2 mm
5.11.30 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
2.75 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor synform, inclined axial surface (2nd mm; lineweight
5.11.31
option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.25 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor asymmetric syncline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.32 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (1st option)Showing strike mm
3.5 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor asymmetric syncline, inclined axial mm; lineweight
5.11.33 9.0
surface (1st option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
mm 100% magenta
color 2.25 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor asymmetric syncline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.34 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
3.5 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor asymmetric syncline, inclined axial mm; lineweight
5.11.35 9.0
surface (2nd option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
mm 100% magenta
color 2.275 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor overturned syncline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.36
vertical axial surface (1st option)Showing strike magenta 1.0 mm
radius 1.475 mm
6.0 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor overturned syncline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.37
face (1st option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color 2.275 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor overturned syncline, vertical or near- 100% .2 mm
5.11.38
vertical axial surface (2nd option)Showing strike magenta 1.0 mm
radius 1.475 mm
6.0 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor overturned syncline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.39
face (2nd option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color .875 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor inverted syncline, vertical or near- 100% radius .2 mm
5.11.40 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (1st option)Showing strike mm
2.25 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor inverted syncline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.41
face (1st option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
9.0 mm 100% magenta
color .875 mm 40 arrow lineweight
Small, minor inverted syncline, vertical or near- 100% radius .2 mm
5.11.42 magenta 6.0 1.475 mm
vertical axial surface (2nd option)Showing strike mm
2.25 mm lineweight .25 mm
35 HI-6 (100% black) 35 tick length 1.75
Small, minor inverted syncline, inclined axial sur- mm; lineweight
5.11.43
face (2nd option)Showing strike and dip .2 mm; color
9.0 mm 100% magenta
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A515
!" #
$ #
6BEDDING
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
all lineweights .2 mm Inclined (upright) and
6.1 Horizontal bedding overturned bedding
circle diameter 2.5 mm symbols are used when
HI-6 the top direction of beds
40 40 is known to a reason-
6.2 Inclined beddingShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm
5.0 all lineweights able degree of certainty.
mm .2 mm
On maps where deter-
mination of top direction
6.3 Vertical beddingShowing strike 2.0 mm
is "known" at some pla-
ces and "unknown" at
65 65
HI-6 others, such symbols al-
6.4 Overturned beddingShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm so may be used to indi-
.625 mm radius cate where top direction
is "unknown" (compare
Bedding overturned more than 180 degrees 20 20
6.5 .7 mm .375 mm radius with ref. nos. 6.13-24).
Showing strike and dip Symbols may be used
without a dip value to
Inclined (dip direction to right) bedding, for multiple 40 5.5 40 HI-6
mm indicate the generalized
6.6 observations at one localityShowing strike and
strike and direction of
dip 1.0 mm 1.325 mm
dip of beds.
Inclined (dip direction to left) bedding, for multiple 40 40 For symbols represent-
6.7 observations at one localityShowing strike and ing a single observation
dip at one locality, point of
observation is the mid-
Vertical bedding, for multiple observations at one point of the strike line.
6.8
localityShowing strike
2.0 mm For multiple observa-
Overturned (dip direction to right) bedding, for mul- tions at one locality, join
65 .625 mm radius 65
6.9 tiple observations at one localityShowing strike HI-6 symbols at the "tail"
and dip 1.0 mm
ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Overturned (dip direction to left) bedding, for mult- 65 65 tation); the junction
6.10 iple observations at one localityShowing strike point is at point of
and dip observation. To obey the
Bedding overturned more than 180 degrees (dip HI-6 right-hand rule, use the
20 20
6.11 direction to right), for multiple observations at one "dip direction to right"
localityShowing strike and dip .7 mm .375 mm radius symbols (use "dip direc-
Bedding overturned more than 180 degrees (dip tion to left" symbols only
20 20
6.12 direction to left), for multiple observations at one when necessary to pre-
localityShowing strike and dip vent overcrowding).
Inclined bedding, where top direction of beds is HI-6 Symbols that have a
30 30
6.13 known from local featuresShowing strike and 1.0 mm ball may be used to
all lineweights 5.0 dot diameter
dip .2 mm mm .75 mm indicate a greater level
Vertical bedding, where top direction of beds is of certainty in the deter-
6.14 known from local featuresShowing strike. Ball 2.0 mm
mination of top direc-
shows top direction tion.
On maps where deter-
Overturned bedding, where top direction of beds is 85 85
HI-6
mination of top direction
6.15 known from local featuresShowing strike and 1.0 mm
.625 mm radius is "known" at some pla-
dip ces and "unknown" at
Bedding overturned more than 180 degrees, where 10 10 HI-6 others, symbols that
.7 mm .375 mm radius
6.16 top direction of beds is known from local features have a ball also may be
Showing strike and dip used to indicate where
Inclined (dip direction to right) bedding, where top direc- 5.5 30 HI-6 top direction is "known"
30 mm
6.17 tion of beds is known from local features, for multiple (compare with ref. nos.
observations at one localityShowing strike and dip 1.325 mm
6.1-12).
1.0 mm
For symbols represent-
Inclined (dip direction to left) bedding, where top direc- 30 30 ing a single observation
6.18 tion of beds is known from local features, for multiple
at one locality, point of
observations at one localityShowing strike and dip
observation is the mid-
Vertical (top direction to right) bedding, where top direction of point of the strike line.
6.19 beds is known from local features, for multiple observations For multiple observa-
at one localityShowing strike. Ball shows top direction 2.0 mm tions at one locality, join
Vertical (top direction to left) bedding, where top direction of symbols at the "tail"
6.20 beds is known from local features, for multiple observations ends of the strike lines
at one localityShowing strike. Ball shows top direction (opposite the ornamen-
Overturned (dip direction to right) bedding, where top tation); the junction
85 .625 mm radius 85 point is at point of
6.21 direction of beds is known from local features, for mult- HI-6
iple observations at one localityShowing strike and dip observation. To obey the
1.0 mm 1.7 mm
right-hand rule, use the
Overturned (dip direction to left) bedding, where top 85 85 "dip direction to right"
6.22 direction of beds is known from local features, for mult- symbols (use "dip direc-
iple observations at one localityShowing strike and dip tion to left" symbols only
Bedding overturned more than 180 degrees (dip HI-6 when necessary to pre-
6.23 direction to right), where top direction of beds is 10 10 vent overcrowding).
known from local features, for multiple observa- .375 mm radius
tions at one localityShowing strike and dip .7 mm 1.325 mm
Bedding overturned more than 180 degrees (dip 10 10
6.24 direction to left), where top direction of beds is
known from local features, for multiple observa-
tions at one localityShowing strike and dip
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A61
!" #
$ #
6BEDDING (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
HI-6 Symbols may be used
Inclined crenulated, warped, undulatory, or contort- 25 25
6.25 1.0 mm .375 mm without a dip value to
ed beddingShowing approximate strike and dip all lineweights 5.0
.2 mm mm .75 mm radius indicate the generalized
Vertical or near-vertical crenulated, warped, undu- strike and direction of
6.26 latory, or contorted beddingShowing approxi- 2.1875 mm
dip of beds.
mate strike 5.0
mm
all lineweights HI-6
25 .2 mm 25
6.27 Inclined graded beddingShowing strike and dip dash length
1.0 mm .875 mm;
.5 mm spacing .5 mm
75 75 HI-6
Overturned bedding in crossbedded rocks 1.0 mm
6.32
Showing approximate strike and dip
.625 mm radius
HI-6 2.0 mm Use when the measure-
Approximate orientation of inclined bedding 15 15
6.33 1.0 mm .7 mm ment of strike and (or)
Showing approximate strike and dip 5.0 all lineweights
mm .2 mm dip value is approximate
but the location of ob-
Approximate orientation of vertical or near-vertical servation is accurate.
6.34 2.0 mm .7 mm
beddingShowing approximate strike Symbols that have a
ball may be used to
85 85 HI-6
Approximate orientation of overturned bedding .7 mm indicate a greater level
6.35
Showing approximate strike and dip of certainty in the deter-
.625 mm radius
mination of top direc-
Approximate orientation of inclined bedding, where HI-6 2.0 mm
25 25 tion.
6.36 top direction of beds is known from local features 1.0 mm .7 mm
dot diameter 5.0 all lineweights On maps where deter-
Showing approximate strike and dip .75 mm mm .2 mm mination of top direction
Approximate orientation of vertical or near-vertical bedding, is "known" at some pla-
6.37 where top direction of beds is known from local features 2.0 mm .7 mm ces and "unknown" at
Showing approximate strike. Ball shows top direction others, symbols that
Approximate orientation of overturned bedding, HI-6 2.0 mm have a ball also may be
75 75 used to indicate where
6.38 where top direction of beds is known from local 1.0 mm .7 mm
featuresShowing approximate strike and dip top direction is "known."
.625 mm radius
Horizontal bedding, as determined remotely or from .75 mm Usually reserved for use
6.39
aerial photographs all lineweights
in reconnaissance geo-
2.0 mm .2 mm logic mapping.
Gently inclined (between 0 and 30) bedding, as 1.375 mm .4375 mm
1.0
6.40 determined remotely or from aerial photographs mm
5.0
Showing approximate strike and direction of dip mm
Moderately inclined (between 30 and 60) bedding, .5 mm
6.41 as determined remotely or from aerial photographs
Showing approximate strike and direction of dip
Steeply inclined (between 60 and 90) bedding, as .5 mm
6.42 determined remotely or from aerial photographs
Showing approximate strike and direction of dip
Vertical or near-vertical bedding, as determined
6.43 remotely or from aerial photographsShowing 2.0 mm
approximate strike
Gently overturned (between 0 and 30) bedding, as
6.44 determined remotely or from aerial photographs
Showing approximate strike and direction of dip .625 mm radius
Moderately overturned (between 30 and 60) bedding, .5 mm
6.45 as determined remotely or from aerial photographs
Showing approximate strike and direction of dip
Steeply overturned (between 60 and 90) bedding, .5 mm
6.46 as determined remotely or from aerial photographs
Showing approximate strike and direction of dip
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A62
!" #
$ #
7CLEAVAGE
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
all lineweights 1.0 mm For symbols represent-
.2 mm
7.1 Horizontal cleavage (generic or type unspecified) 4.0 mm 1.0 mm ing a single observation
4.0 mm at one locality, point of
HI-6 observation is the mid-
Inclined cleavage (generic or type unspecified) 20 20 point of the strike line.
7.2 1.0 mm
Showing strike and dip 5.0 For multiple observa-
mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical cleavage (generic or type unspecified) symbols at the "tail"
7.3 1.5 mm
Showing strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) cleavage (generic or 20 5.5 20 HI-6 tation); the junction
mm
7.4 type unspecified), for multiple observations at one point is at point of
localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) cleavage (generic or right-hand rule, use the
20 20
7.5 type unspecified), for multiple observations at one "dip direction to right"
localityShowing strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical cleavage (generic or type unspecified), for 1.5 mm
when necessary to pre-
7.6 multiple observations at one localityShowing vent overcrowding).
strike
all lineweights 1.0 mm
.2 mm .5 mm
7.7 Horizontal continuous, slaty cleavage 4.0 mm 1.0 mm
4.0 mm
HI-6 .5 mm
Inclined continuous, slaty cleavageShowing strike 25 25
7.8 1.0 mm
and dip 5.0
mm
A71
!" #
$ #
7CLEAVAGE (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Horizontal disjunctive, asymmetric (S-shaped, all lineweights draft as shown For symbols represent-
.2 mm 4.0
7.25 counterclockwise sense of shear) crenulation mm long dash length 1.0 ing a single observation
mm; short dash, .5
cleavage 4.0 mm mm; spacing .5 mm at one locality, point of
Inclined disjunctive, asymmetric (S-shaped, coun- HI-6 observation is the mid-
40 40 draft as shown
7.26 terclockwise sense of shear) crenulation cleavage 1.0 mm point of the strike line.
Showing strike and dip 5.0 For multiple observa-
mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical or near-vertical disjunctive, asymmetric symbols at the "tail"
7.27 (S-shaped, counterclockwise sense of shear) 1.5 mm ends of the strike lines
crenulation cleavageShowing strike (opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) disjunctive, asym- 40 5.5 mm 40 tation); the junction
7.28 metric (S-shaped, counterclockwise sense of HI-6 point is at point of
shear) crenulation cleavage, for multiple obser-
vations at one localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm draft as shown observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) disjunctive, asym- right-hand rule, use the
metric (S-shaped, counterclockwise sense of 40 40
7.29 "dip direction to right"
shear) crenulation cleavage, for multiple obser- symbols (use "dip direc-
vations at one localityShowing strike and dip
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical or near-vertical disjunctive, asymmetric 1.5 mm
(S-shaped, counterclockwise sense of shear) when necessary to pre-
7.30 vent overcrowding).
crenulation cleavage, for multiple observations
at one localityShowing strike
all lineweights draft as shown
Horizontal disjunctive, asymmetric (Z-shaped, .2 mm 4.0
7.31 mm long dash length 1.0
clockwise sense of shear) crenulation cleavage mm; short dash, .5
4.0 mm mm; spacing .5 mm
Inclined disjunctive, asymmetric (Z-shaped, clock- HI-6 draft as shown
45 45
7.32 wise sense of shear) crenulation cleavage 1.0 mm
Showing strike and dip 5.0
mm
Vertical or near-vertical disjunctive, asymmetric
7.33 (Z-shaped, clockwise sense of shear) crenulation 1.5 mm
cleavageShowing strike
Inclined (dip direction to right) disjunctive, asym- 45 5.5 mm 45
7.34 metric (Z-shaped, clockwise sense of shear) HI-6
crenulation cleavage, for multiple observations
at one localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm draft as shown
Inclined (dip direction to left) disjunctive, asym- 45 45
7.35 metric (Z-shaped, clockwise sense of shear)
crenulation cleavage, for multiple observations
at one localityShowing strike and dip
Vertical or near-vertical disjunctive, asymmetric 1.5 mm
7.36 (Z-shaped, clockwise sense of shear) crenula-
tion cleavage, for multiple observations at one
localityShowing strike
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A72
!" #
$ #
8FOLIATION
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
8.1Generic foliation (origin not known or not specified)
all lineweights 90 For symbols represent-
Horizontal generic (origin not known or not speci- .2 mm
8.1.1 circle diameter
ing a single observation
fied) foliation
1.5 mm 2.5 mm at one locality, point of
90 observation is the mid-
Inclined generic (origin not known or not specified) 55 55 point of the strike line.
8.1.2 1.0 mm HI-6
foliationShowing strike and dip 5.0 all lineweights For multiple observa-
mm .2 mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical generic (origin not known or not specified) symbols at the "tail"
8.1.3 2.0 mm
foliationShowing strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) generic (origin not 5.5 HI-6 tation); the junction
55 mm 55
8.1.4 known or not specified) foliation, for multiple obser- point is at point of
vations at one localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm 90 observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) generic (origin not 55 55
right-hand rule, use the
8.1.5 known or not specified) foliation, for multiple obser- "dip direction to right"
vations at one localityShowing strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical generic (origin not known or not specified) when necessary to pre-
8.1.6 foliation or foliation, for multiple observations at vent overcrowding).
one localityShowing strike 2.0 mm
8.2Primary foliation or layering (in igneous rocks)
dot diameter .35 mm May be used at locality
8.2.1 Massive igneous rock 2.0 mm where foliation and lin-
90 eation are absent.
all lineweights 60 For symbols represent-
Horizontal flow banding, lamination, layering, or foli- .2 mm
8.2.2 circle diameter
ing a single observation
ation in igneous rock
2.5 mm at one locality, point of
60 observation is the mid-
Inclined flow banding, lamination, layering, or folia- 10 10 point of the strike line.
8.2.3 1.0 mm HI-6
tion in igneous rockShowing strike and dip 5.0 all lineweights For multiple observa-
mm .2 mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical flow banding, lamination, layering, or folia- symbols at the "tail"
8.2.4 2.0 mm
tion in igneous rockShowing strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) flow banding, lamina- 10
5.5 HI-6 tation); the junction
mm 10
8.2.5 tion, layering, or foliation in igneous rock, for multiple point is at point of
observations at one localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm 60 observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) flow banding, lamination, 10 10
right-hand rule, use the
8.2.6 layering, or foliation in igneous rock, for multiple "dip direction to right"
observations at one localityShowing strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical flow banding, lamination, layering, or folia- when necessary to pre-
8.2.7 tion in igneous rock, for multiple observations at vent overcrowding).
one localityShowing strike 2.0 mm
Inclined crinkled or deformed flow banding, lamina- 60 HI-6
20 20
8.2.8 tion, layering, or foliation in igneous rock 1.0 mm .375 mm
all lineweights 5.0
Showing approximate strike and dip .2 mm mm .75 mm radius
Vertical or near-vertical crinkled or deformed flow
8.2.9 banding, lamination, layering, or foliation in igne- 2.0 mm
ous rockShowing approximate strike
all lineweights Inclined (upright) and
.2 mm
8.2.10 Horizontal cumulate foliation .5 mm overturned cumulate
circle diameter
2.5 mm foliation symbols are
all lineweights HI-6 used when the top
45 .2 mm 1.0 45 direction of layers is
8.2.11 Inclined cumulate foliationShowing strike and dip .5
mm mm known to a reasonable
degree of certainty.
Symbols that have a
8.2.12 Vertical cumulate foliationShowing strike 2.5 mm
ball may be used to
indicate a greater level
HI-6 of certainty in the deter-
Overturned cumulate foliationShowing strike and 70 1.0 70
8.2.13 mm mination of top direc-
dip
.625 mm radius tion.
Inclined cumulate foliation, where top direction of lay- all lineweights HI-6 On maps where deter-
30 .2 mm .5 30 1.0
8.2.14 ers is known from local featuresShowing strike and mination of top direction
mm mm dot diameter
dip 5.0 is "known" at some pla-
mm .75 mm
ces and "unknown" at
Vertical cumulate foliation, where top direction of
others, symbols that
8.2.15 layers is known from local featuresShowing 2.5 mm
have a ball also may be
strike. Ball shows top direction
used to indicate where
Overturned cumulate foliation, where top direction HI-6 top direction is "known".
80 1.0 80
8.2.16 of layers is known from local featuresShowing mm
strike and dip .625 mm radius
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A81
!" #
$ #
8FOLIATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
8.2Primary foliation or layering (in igneous rocks) (continued)
HI-6 For symbols represent-
Inclined crinkled or deformed cumulate foliation 25 25 .35 mm
8.2.17 1.0 mm ing a single observation
Showing approximate strike and dip all lineweights .375 mm
5.0 at one locality, point of
.2 mm mm .75 mm radius
observation is the mid-
Vertical or near-vertical crinkled or deformed cumu- point of the strike line.
8.2.18 2.375 mm
late foliationShowing approximate strike For multiple observa-
all lineweights tions at one locality, join
110 symbols at the "tail"
.2 mm
8.2.19 Horizontal eutaxitic foliation .75 mm
circle diameter ends of the strike lines
2.5 mm (opposite the ornamen-
110 tation); the junction
5 5
8.2.20 Inclined eutaxitic foliationShowing strike and dip .75 mm HI-6 point is at point of
5.0 all lineweights
mm .2 mm observation. To obey the
right-hand rule, use the
Vertical or near-vertical eutaxitic foliationShowing "dip direction to right"
8.2.21 1.5 mm
strike symbols (use "dip direc-
5.5
tion to left" symbols only
Inclined (dip direction to right) eutaxitic foliation, for HI-6
5 mm 5 when necessary to pre-
8.2.22 multiple observations at one localityShowing 110 vent overcrowding).
strike and dip .75 mm
Inclined (dip direction to left) eutaxitic foliation, for 5 5
8.2.23 multiple observations at one localityShowing
strike and dip
A82
!" #
$ #
8FOLIATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
8.3Secondary foliation (caused by metamorphism or tectonism)
60 For symbols represent-
8.3.1 Horizontal metamorphic or tectonic foliation circle diameter
ing a single observation
2.5 mm lineweight .2 mm at one locality, point of
60 observation is the mid-
Inclined metamorphic or tectonic foliation 35 35 point of the strike line.
8.3.2 1.0 mm HI-6
Showing strike and dip 5.0 lineweight For multiple observa-
mm .2 mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical metamorphic or tectonic foliationShowing symbols at the "tail"
8.3.3 2.0 mm
strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) metamorphic or tec- 5.5 HI-6 tation); the junction
35 mm 35
8.3.4 tonic foliation, for multiple observations at one point is at point of
localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm 60 observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) metamorphic or tec- right-hand rule, use the
35 35
8.3.5 tonic foliation, for multiple observations at one "dip direction to right"
localityShowing strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical metamorphic or tectonic foliation, for mult- when necessary to pre-
8.3.6 vent overcrowding).
iple observations at one localityShowing strike 2.0 mm
Inclined (upright) and
Horizontal metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel overturned foliation
8.3.7
to bedding circle diameter all lineweights
2.5 mm .2 mm symbols are used when
1.0 mm 60 the top direction of bed-
10 10
Inclined metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel to 1.0 mm HI-6 ding is known to a rea-
8.3.8
beddingShowing strike and dip 5.0 all lineweights sonable degree of cer-
mm .2 mm tainty.
Vertical metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel to Symbols that have a
8.3.9 4.0 mm 2.0 mm ball may be used to
beddingShowing strike
indicate a greater level
75 75 HI-6 of certainty in the deter-
Inclined metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel to
8.3.10 mination of top direc-
overturned beddingShowing strike and dip
.625 mm radius tion.
Inclined metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel to 15 1.0 mm 15 60 dot diameter On maps where deter-
1.0 mm HI-6 .75 mm mination of top direction
8.3.11 upright bedding, where top direction of beds is
5.0 all lineweights is "known" at some pla-
known from local featuresShowing strike and dip mm .2 mm
ces and "unknown" at
Vertical metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel to bed- others, symbols that
8.3.12 ding, where top direction of beds is known from local 4.0 mm 2.0 mm
have a ball also may be
featuresShowing strike. Ball shows top direction used to indicate where
Inclined metamorphic or tectonic foliation parallel to 85 85 HI-6 top direction is "known".
8.3.13 overturned bedding, where top direction of beds is
known from local featuresShowing strike and dip .625 mm radius
Inclined crinkled or deformed metamorphic or tec- 60 HI-6
30 30
8.3.14 tonic foliationShowing approximate strike and 1.0 mm .375 mm
lineweight 5.0
dip .2 mm mm .75 mm radius
Vertical or near-vertical crinkled or deformed meta-
8.3.15 morphic or tectonic foliationShowing approxi- 2.0 mm
mate strike
60 .5 mm For symbols represent-
1.0 mm all lineweights
8.3.16 Horizontal continuous, penetrative foliation circle diameter .2 mm ing a single observation
2.5 mm 4.25 mm at one locality, point of
1.0 mm 60 HI-6 observation is the mid-
Inclined continuous, penetrative foliationShowing 25 25 point of the strike line.
8.3.17 1.0 mm .5 mm
strike and dip 5.0 all lineweights For multiple observa-
mm .2 mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical continuous, penetrative foliationShowing symbols at the "tail"
8.3.18 2.0 mm
strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) continuous, penetra- 5.5 HI-6 tation); the junction
25 mm 25
8.3.19 tive foliation, for multiple observations at one 1.0 mm .5 mm point is at point of
localityShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm 60 observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) continuous, penetra- right-hand rule, use the
25 25
8.3.20 tive foliation, for multiple observations at one "dip direction to right"
localityShowing strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical continuous, penetrative foliation, for mult- when necessary to pre-
8.3.21 vent overcrowding).
iple observations at one localityShowing strike 2.0 mm
A83
!" #
$ #
8FOLIATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
8.3Secondary foliation (caused by metamorphism or tectonism) (continued)
circle diameter 60 1.0 mm For symbols represent-
2.5 mm
8.3.22 Horizontal disjunctive, spaced foliation 1.0 mm ing a single observation
all lineweights
.2 mm 3.6 mm at one locality, point of
HI-6 60 1.0 mm observation is the mid-
Inclined disjunctive, spaced foliationShowing 30 30 point of the strike line.
8.3.23 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
strike and dip 5.0 For multiple observa-
mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical disjunctive, spaced foliationShowing symbols at the "tail"
8.3.24 2.0 mm
strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) disjunctive, spaced 5.5 HI-6 tation); the junction
30 mm 30
8.3.25 foliation, for multiple observations at one locality 1.0 mm 1.0 mm point is at point of
Showing strike and dip 1.0 mm 60 observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) disjunctive, spaced right-hand rule, use the
30 30
8.3.26 foliation, for multiple observations at one locality "dip direction to right"
Showing strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical disjunctive, spaced foliation, for multiple when necessary to pre-
8.3.27 vent overcrowding).
observations at one localityShowing strike 2.0 mm
circle diameter 60 all lineweights
Horizontal disjunctive, symmetric crenulation folia- 2.5 mm .2 mm
8.3.28
tion
draft as shown
draft as shown 60 HI-6
Inclined disjunctive, symmetric crenulation 35 35
8.3.29 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
foliationShowing strike and dip 5.0
mm
$ #
8FOLIATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
8.3Secondary foliation (caused by metamorphism or tectonism) (continued)
circle diameter 60 For symbols represent-
2.5 mm
8.3.46 Horizontal gneissic layering 1.0 mm ing a single observation
all lineweights
.2 mm 4.0 mm at one locality, point of
HI-6 60 observation is the mid-
50 50 point of the strike line.
8.3.47 Inclined gneissic layeringShowing strike and dip 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
5.0 For multiple observa-
mm
tions at one locality, join
Vertical or near-vertical gneissic layeringShowing symbols at the "tail"
8.3.48 2.0 mm
strike ends of the strike lines
(opposite the ornamen-
Inclined (dip direction to right) gneissic layering, for 50 5.5 50 HI-6 tation); the junction
mm
8.3.49 multiple observations at one localityShowing 1.0 mm point is at point of
strike and dip 1.0 mm 60 observation. To obey the
Inclined (dip direction to left) gneissic layering, for right-hand rule, use the
50 50
8.3.50 multiple observations at one localityShowing "dip direction to right"
strike and dip symbols (use "dip direc-
tion to left" symbols only
Vertical or near-vertical gneissic layering, for mult- when necessary to pre-
8.3.51 vent overcrowding).
iple observations at one localityShowing strike 2.0 mm
circle diameter 60 1.5 mm radius
2.5 mm 1.0
8.3.52 Horizontal undulatory gneissic layering .375 mm
all lineweights mm 5.0
.2 mm mm
HI-6 60 1.5 mm radius
Inclined undulatory gneissic layeringShowing 55 55
8.3.53 1.0 mm .375 mm
strike and dip 5.0 all lineweights
1.0 mm mm .2 mm
A85
!" #
$ #
9LINEATION
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Approximate plunge direction of inclined generic lineweight 6.0 Open-arrowed ("2nd
.2 mm mm
9.1 (origin or type not known or not specified) lineation 25 option") symbols may
or linear structure (1st option) 1.25 mm be used to show a sec-
Approximate plunge direction of inclined generic all lineweights ond generation or
9.2 (origin or type not known or not specified) lineation .2 mm another instance of a
or linear structure (2nd option) particular lineation.
Lineation symbols may
Inclined generic (origin or type not known or not HI-6 be used separately or
9.3 specified) lineation or linear structure (1st option) 20 20 combined with other
Showing bearing and plunge symbols.
Inclined generic (origin or type not known or not For lineation symbols
9.4 specified) lineation or linear structure (2nd option) 30 30 representing a single
Showing bearing and plunge observation at one
Horizontal generic (origin or type not known or not lineweight 6.0 locality, the point of
.2 mm mm 25
9.5 specified) lineation or linear structure (1st option) 25 observation is at one of
Showing bearing 1.25 mm 1.25 mm the following two pla-
ces: for inclined linea-
Horizontal generic (origin or type not known or not all lineweights
.2 mm tions, at the "tail" end
9.6 specified) lineation or linear structure (2nd option)
(opposite the arrow-
Showing bearing
head); for horizontal lin-
Vertical or near-vertical generic (origin or type not all lineweights 4.5 mm eations, at the midpoint
.2 mm
9.7 known or not specified) lineation or linear structure of the bearing line.
(1st option) .975 mm .975 mm For a single lineation
Vertical or near-vertical generic (origin or type not symbol combined with a
9.8 known or not specified) lineation or linear structure single planar-feature
(2nd option) (for example, bedding
all lineweights or foliation) symbol, join
Inclined parting lineation in sedimentary materials .2 mm the "tail" end of the lin-
9.9 20 1.25 mm 20
(1st option)Showing bearing and plunge eation arrow to the mid-
2.5 mm 1.0 mm point of the strike line of
Inclined parting lineation in sedimentary materials the planar-feature sym-
9.10 30 30 bol; the junction point is
(2nd option)Showing bearing and plunge
at the point of observa-
all lineweights tion.
Horizontal parting lineation in sedimentary materi- .2 mm
9.11
als (1st option)Showing bearing
1.25 mm For multiple observa-
2.5 mm
1.0 mm tions at one locality, join
all symbols at their "tail"
Horizontal parting lineation in sedimentary materi- ends (opposite the
9.12
als (2nd option)Showing bearing arrowheads or other
2.0 mm
ornamentations); the
Inclined sole mark, tool mark, scour mark, flute lineweight
junction point is at the
.2 mm
9.13 mark, groove, or channel in sedimentary materials 20 20 point of observation.
(1st option)Showing bearing and plunge draft as shown
Inclined sole mark, tool mark, scour mark, flute all lineweights
.2 mm
9.14 mark, groove, or channel in sedimentary materials 30 30
(2nd option)Showing bearing and plunge
Horizontal sole mark, tool mark, scour mark, flute 2.0 mm lineweight
.2 mm
9.15 mark, groove, or channel in sedimentary materials
(1st option)Showing bearing draft as shown
Horizontal sole mark, tool mark, scour mark, flute all lineweights
.2 mm
9.16 mark, groove, or channel in sedimentary materials
(2nd option)Showing bearing
lineweight 6.0
Inclined slickenline, groove, or striation on fault sur- .2 mm mm 30
9.17 20 20
face (1st option)Showing bearing and plunge
1.5 mm 60
all lineweights
Inclined slickenline, groove, or striation on fault sur- .2 mm
9.18 30 30
face (2nd option)Showing bearing and plunge
lineweight 6.0
Horizontal slickenline, groove, or striation on fault .2 mm 30 mm 30
9.19 1.5 mm
surface (1st option)Showing bearing 1.5 mm
60 60
all lineweights
Horizontal slickenline, groove, or striation on fault .2 mm
9.20
surface (2nd option)Showing bearing
A91
!" #
$ #
9LINEATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
dot diameter 6.0 HI-6 Open-arrowed ("2nd
Inclined aligned-object lineation (1st option) 1.0 mm mm 25
9.25 20 20 option") symbols may
Showing bearing and plunge lineweight
2.5 mm 1.25 mm .2 mm be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Inclined aligned-object lineation (2nd option) all lineweights
9.26 30 30 .2 mm another instance of a
Showing bearing and plunge particular lineation.
6.0 Lineation symbols may
dot diameter lineweight
Horizontal aligned-object lineation (1st option) 1.0 mm mm 25 be used separately or
9.27 25 .2 mm
Showing bearing 2.5 mm combined with other
1.25 mm 1.25 mm symbols.
Horizontal aligned-object lineation (2nd option) all lineweights For lineation symbols
9.28 .2 mm representing a single
Showing bearing
observation at one
Inclined aligned-clast or aligned-grain lineation (in 2.425 mm locality, the point of
30 lineweight
9.29 sedimentary materials) (1st option)Showing 20 20 .2 mm observation is at one of
bearing and plunge .675 mm 2.0 mm the following two pla-
ces: for inclined linea-
Inclined aligned-clast or aligned-grain lineation (in all lineweights
.2 mm tions, at the "tail" end
9.30 sedimentary materials) (2nd option)Showing 30 30
(opposite the arrow-
bearing and plunge
head); for horizontal lin-
Horizontal aligned-clast or aligned-grain lineation 2.425 mm
30
lineweight eations, at the midpoint
9.31 (in sedimentary materials) (1st option)Showing .2 mm of the bearing line.
bearing .675 mm 2.0 mm For a single lineation
Horizontal aligned-clast or aligned-grain lineation all lineweights symbol combined with a
9.32 (in sedimentary materials) (2nd option)Showing .2 mm single planar-feature
bearing (for example, bedding
circle diameter or foliation) symbol, join
Inclined aligned-inclusion lineation (in igneous 1.0 mm all lineweights the "tail" end of the lin-
9.33 20 20 .2 mm
rocks) (1st option)Showing bearing and plunge eation arrow to the mid-
2.5 mm
point of the strike line of
Inclined aligned-inclusion lineation (in igneous the planar-feature sym-
9.34 30 30 bol; the junction point is
rocks) (2nd option)Showing bearing and plunge
at the point of observa-
circle diameter
all lineweights
tion.
Horizontal aligned-inclusion lineation (in igneous 1.0 mm
9.35
rocks) (1st option)Showing bearing
.2 mm For multiple observa-
2.5 mm tions at one locality, join
all symbols at their "tail"
Horizontal aligned-inclusion lineation (in igneous ends (opposite the
9.36
rocks) (2nd option)Showing bearing arrowheads or other
1.0 mm
ornamentations); the
Inclined aligned-mineral lineation (1st option) 1.0 lineweight junction point is at the
9.37 20 mm 20 .2 mm point of observation.
Showing bearing and plunge
2.5 mm
A92
!" #
$ #
9LINEATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
6.0 HI-6 Open-arrowed ("2nd
Inclined aligned stretched-object lineation (1st mm 25
9.49 20 .875 mm 20 option") symbols may
option)Showing bearing and plunge 1.75 mm lineweight
2.125 mm 1.25 mm .2 mm be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Inclined aligned stretched-object lineation (2nd all lineweights
9.50 30 30 .2 mm another instance of a
option)Showing bearing and plunge particular lineation.
lineweight 6.0 .875 mm Lineation symbols may
Horizontal aligned stretched-object lineation (1st .2 mm mm 25 be used separately or
9.51 25
option)Showing bearing 2.125 mm 1.25 mm combined with other
1.25 mm 1.75 mm symbols.
all lineweights For lineation symbols
Horizontal aligned stretched-object lineation (2nd .2 mm
9.52 representing a single
option)Showing bearing
observation at one
2.125 mm all lineweights locality, the point of
Inclined aligned stretched-pebble lineation (1st .2 mm observation is at one of
9.53 20 .875 mm 20
option)Showing bearing and plunge the following two pla-
1.75 mm
ces: for inclined linea-
Inclined aligned stretched-pebble lineation (2nd tions, at the "tail" end
9.54 30 30
option)Showing bearing and plunge (opposite the arrow-
head); for horizontal lin-
2.125 mm all lineweights
Horizontal aligned stretched-pebble lineation (1st eations, at the midpoint
9.55 .875 mm .2 mm
option)Showing bearing of the bearing line.
1.75 mm For a single lineation
symbol combined with a
Horizontal aligned stretched-pebble lineation (2nd
9.56 single planar-feature
option)Showing bearing
(for example, bedding
2.4 mm or foliation) symbol, join
Inclined aligned stretched-ooid lineation (1st 30 the "tail" end of the lin-
9.57 20 20
option)Showing bearing and plunge .75 mm
all lineweights eation arrow to the mid-
1.5 mm .2 mm
point of the strike line of
Inclined aligned stretched-ooid lineation (2nd the planar-feature sym-
9.58 30 30 bol; the junction point is
option)Showing bearing and plunge
at the point of observa-
2.4 mm all lineweights tion.
Horizontal aligned stretched-ooid lineation (1st 30 .2 mm
9.59
option)Showing bearing For multiple observa-
.75 mm 1.5 mm tions at one locality, join
all symbols at their "tail"
Horizontal aligned stretched-ooid lineation (2nd ends (opposite the
9.60
option)Showing bearing arrowheads or other
1.75 mm
ornamentations); the
lineweight junction point is at the
Inclined rodding (1st option)Showing bearing and .2 mm
9.61 20 .75 mm 20 point of observation.
plunge
2.5 mm 30
all lineweights
Inclined rodding (2nd option)Showing bearing .2 mm
9.62 30 30
and plunge
1.75 mm lineweight
9.63 Horizontal rodding (1st option)Showing bearing .75 mm .2 mm
2.5 mm 30
all lineweights
9.64 Horizontal rodding (2nd option)Showing bearing .2 mm
2.8 mm .4 mm
Inclined boudins (1st option)Showing bearing and
9.69 20 20 all lineweights
plunge
.625 mm radius .2 mm
A93
!" #
$ #
9LINEATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
all lineweights 6.0 HI-6 Open-arrowed ("2nd
Inclined pencil structure (1st option)Showing .2 mm mm 25
9.73 20 .75 mm 20 option") symbols may
bearing and plunge 1.75 mm 1.25 mm
2.5 mm 30 be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Inclined pencil structure (2nd option)Showing another instance of a
9.74 30 30
bearing and plunge particular lineation.
all lineweights 6.0 .75 mm Lineation symbols may
Horizontal pencil structure (1st option)Showing .2 mm mm 25 be used separately or
9.75 25
bearing 1.75 mm 1.25 mm combined with other
1.25 mm 2.5 mm 30 symbols.
Horizontal pencil structure (2nd option)Showing For lineation symbols
9.76 representing a single
bearing
observation at one
Inclined lineation at intersection of bedding and 2.5 mm all lineweights locality, the point of
9.77 cleavage (1st option)Showing bearing and 20 1.25 mm 20 .2 mm observation is at one of
plunge 45 .75 mm
the following two pla-
ces: for inclined linea-
Inclined lineation at intersection of bedding and
tions, at the "tail" end
9.78 cleavage (2nd option)Showing bearing and 30 30
(opposite the arrow-
plunge
head); for horizontal lin-
2.5 mm all lineweights
Horizontal lineation at intersection of bedding and eations, at the midpoint
9.79 1.25 mm .2 mm
cleavage (1st option)Showing bearing of the bearing line.
45 .75 mm For a single lineation
symbol combined with a
Horizontal lineation at intersection of bedding and
9.80 single planar-feature
cleavage (2nd option)Showing bearing
(for example, bedding
2.5 mm all lineweights
or foliation) symbol, join
Inclined lineation at intersection of two cleavages .2 mm the "tail" end of the lin-
9.81 20 1.25 mm 20
(1st option)Showing bearing and plunge eation arrow to the mid-
45 .825 mm point of the strike line of
Inclined lineation at intersection of two cleavages the planar-feature sym-
9.82 30 30 bol; the junction point is
(2nd option)Showing bearing and plunge
at the point of observa-
2.5 mm all lineweights tion.
Horizontal lineation at intersection of two cleavages .2 mm
9.83
(1st option)Showing bearing
1.25 mm For multiple observa-
45 .825 mm tions at one locality, join
all symbols at their "tail"
Horizontal lineation at intersection of two cleavages ends (opposite the
9.84
(2nd option)Showing bearing arrowheads or other
2.4375 mm
ornamentations); the
all lineweights junction point is at the
Inclined lineation at intersection of two fractures or .2 mm
9.85 20 1.125 mm 20 point of observation.
joints (1st option)Showing bearing and plunge
1.125 mm
A94
!" #
$ #
9LINEATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Inclined fold hinge of generic (type or orientation dot diameter 6.0 HI-6 (100% black) Open-arrowed ("2nd
.5 mm mm 25
9.97 unspecified) small, minor fold (1st option) 20 color 100% 20 option") symbols may
lineweight
Showing bearing and plunge magenta 2.75 mm 1.25 mm .2 mm be used to show a sec-
Inclined fold hinge of generic (type or orientation all lineweights ond generation or
9.98 unspecified) small, minor fold (2nd option) 30 30
.2 mm another instance of a
Showing bearing and plunge particular lineation.
6.0 lineweight Lineation symbols may
Horizontal fold hinge of generic (type or orientation dot diameter
mm be used separately or
.5 mm 25 .2 mm
9.99 unspecified) small, minor fold (1st option) 25
combined with other
2.75 mm color 100%
Showing bearing 1.25 mm 1.25 mm magenta symbols.
Horizontal fold hinge of generic (type or orientation all lineweights
.2 mm For lineation symbols
9.100 unspecified) small, minor fold (2nd option) representing a single
Showing bearing observation at one
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor penecontempor- 3.0 mm all lineweights locality, the point of
.2 mm observation is at one of
9.101 aneous soft-sediment fold (1st option)Showing 20 color 100% 20
bearing and plunge magenta draft as shown the following two pla-
ces: for inclined linea-
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor penecontempor-
tions, at the "tail" end
9.102 aneous soft-sediment fold (2nd option)Showing 30 30
(opposite the arrow-
bearing and plunge
head); for horizontal lin-
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor penecontem- 3.0 mm all lineweights
.2 mm
eations, at the midpoint
9.103 poraneous soft-sediment fold (1st option) color 100% of the bearing line.
Showing bearing magenta draft as shown For a single lineation
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor penecontem- symbol combined with a
9.104 poraneous soft-sediment fold (2nd option) single planar-feature
Showing bearing (for example, bedding
3.5 mm all lineweights or foliation) symbol, join
color 100%
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor anticline (1st magenta .2 mm the "tail" end of the lin-
9.105 20 20
option)Showing bearing and plunge eation arrow to the mid-
draft as shown
point of the strike line of
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor anticline (2nd the planar-feature sym-
9.106 30 30 bol; the junction point is
option)Showing bearing and plunge
at the point of observa-
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor anticline (1st dot diameter 3.5 mm all lineweights tion.
.5 mm .2 mm
9.107 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically color 100%
For multiple observa-
higher side of fold draft as shown .4 mm magenta tions at one locality, join
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor anticline (2nd all symbols at their "tail"
9.108 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically ends (opposite the
higher side of fold arrowheads or other
3.3 mm
ornamentations); the
color 100% all lineweights
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor antiform (1st magenta .2 mm junction point is at the
9.109 20 20 point of observation.
option)Showing bearing and plunge
draft as shown May also be shown in
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor antiform (2nd black or other colors.
9.110 30 30
option)Showing bearing and plunge
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor antiform (1st dot diameter 3.5 mm all lineweights
.5 mm .2 mm
9.111 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically color 100%
higher side of fold draft as shown .4 mm magenta
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor antiform (2nd
9.112 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically
higher side of fold
color 100% 2.45 mm all lineweights
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor syncline (1st magenta .2 mm
9.113 20 20
option)Showing bearing and plunge
draft as shown
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor syncline (1st dot diameter 2.45 mm all lineweights
.5 mm .2 mm
9.115 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically color 100%
higher side of fold draft as shown 1.3 mm magenta
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor syncline (2nd
9.116 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically
higher side of fold
color 100% 3.3 mm all lineweights
Inclined fold hinge of small, minor synform (1st magenta .2 mm
9.117 20 20
option)Showing bearing and plunge
draft as shown
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor synform (1st dot diameter 3.3 mm all lineweights
.5 mm .2 mm
9.119 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically color 100%
higher side of fold draft as shown .8 mm magenta
Horizontal fold hinge of small, minor synform (2nd
9.120 option)Showing bearing. Ball on topographically
higher side of fold
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A95
!" #
$ #
9LINEATION (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
color 100% 6.0 HI-6 (100% black) Open-arrowed ("2nd
Inclined symmetric minor fold hinge (1st option) magenta mm
9.121 25 option") symbols may
20 20
Showing bearing and plunge draft as shown all lineweights
2.75 mm 1.25 mm .2 mm be used to show a sec-
ond generation or
Inclined symmetric minor fold hinge (2nd option) another instance of a
9.122 30 30
Showing bearing and plunge particular lineation.
color 100% 6.0 all lineweights Lineation symbols may
Horizontal symmetric minor fold hinge (1st option) magenta mm 25 .2 mm be used separately or
9.123 25
Showing bearing 1.25 mm 1.25 mm combined with other
2.5 mm draft as shown symbols.
Horizontal symmetric minor fold hinge (2nd option) For lineation symbols
9.124 representing a single
Showing bearing
observation at one
Inclined asymmetric (S-shaped, counterclockwise color 100% 3.0 mm all lineweights locality, the point of
magenta .2 mm observation is at one of
9.125 sense of shear) minor fold hinge (1st option) 20 20
Showing bearing and plunge draft as shown
the following two pla-
ces: for inclined linea-
Inclined asymmetric (S-shaped, counterclockwise
tions, at the "tail" end
9.126 sense of shear) minor fold hinge (2nd option) 30 30
(opposite the arrow-
Showing bearing and plunge
head); for horizontal lin-
Horizontal asymmetric (S-shaped, counterclock- color 100% 3.0 mm all lineweights
magenta .2 mm eations, at the midpoint
9.127 wise sense of shear) minor fold hinge (1st option) of the bearing line.
Showing bearing draft as shown For a single lineation
Horizontal asymmetric (S-shaped, counterclock- symbol combined with a
9.128 wise sense of shear) minor fold hinge (2nd option) single planar-feature
Showing bearing (for example, bedding
Inclined asymmetric (Z-shaped, clockwise sense of color 100% 3.0 mm all lineweights or foliation) symbol, join
9.129 shear) minor fold hinge (1st option)Showing
magenta .2 mm the "tail" end of the lin-
20 20
bearing and plunge eation arrow to the mid-
draft as shown point of the strike line of
Inclined asymmetric (Z-shaped, clockwise sense of the planar-feature sym-
9.130 shear) minor fold hinge (2nd option)Showing 30 30 bol; the junction point is
bearing and plunge at the point of observa-
Horizontal asymmetric (Z-shaped, clockwise sense color 100% 3.0 mm all lineweights tion.
magenta .2 mm
9.131 of shear) minor fold hinge (1st option)Showing For multiple observa-
bearing draft as shown tions at one locality, join
Horizontal asymmetric (Z-shaped, clockwise sense all symbols at their "tail"
9.132 of shear) minor fold hinge (2nd option)Showing ends (opposite the
bearing arrowheads or other
3.0 mm
ornamentations); the
color 100% all lineweights
Inclined crenulation lineation (1st option)Showing magenta .2 mm junction point is at the
9.133 20 20 point of observation.
bearing and plunge
draft as shown May also be shown in
Inclined crenulation lineation (2nd option) black or other colors.
9.134 30 30
Showing bearing and plunge
A96
!" #
$ #
10PALEONTOLOGICAL FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
10.1Fossil locality
90 H-8 May be shown in red or
10.1.1 Fossil localityShowing collection number D4426 2.5 mm D4426 other colors.
lineweight .2 mm dot diameter .5 mm
Larger foraminifera, or
10.2.5 Arachnids 10.2.27 Amphibians 10.2.49
fusulinids
CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS*
10.2.18 Mollusks 10.2.40 Fungi
all lineweights .125 mm
fill color fill color
draft as shown; size 100% white 100% black
may vary (see below)
10.2.19 Cephalopods 10.2.41 Trace fossils
NOTES ON USAGE*
Fossil symbols usually are reserved for use on
10.2.20 Ammonoids 10.2.42 Burrows stratigraphic columns, sections, or charts.
Cartographic specifications, although shown for
only two examples, pertain to all fossil symbols.
10.2.21 Belemnoids 10.2.43 Coprolites Fossil symbols may be reduced in size, and line-
weights reduced accordingly. Note, however, that
lineweights below .125 mm may not plot correctly
10.2.22 Nautiloids 10.2.44 Tracks if output at higher resolutions (1800 dpi or higher).
May also be shown in other colors.
A101 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
11GEOPHYSICAL AND STRUCTURE CONTOURS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .325 mm HI-8 On most maps, every
11.1 Geophysical contour (index)Accurately located 200 200 fourth or fifth contour
line and text color 100% red should be an index con-
tour.
Geophysical contour (index)Showing datum (in Only index contours are
11.2
parentheses): SL, sea level 200(SL) 200(SL)
labeled. Negative val-
ues must be preceded
Geophysical contour (index)Accurately located. hachure by a minus () sign.
11.3 1.0 mm
Hachures point into closed areas of lower values lineweight 5.0 Add hachures to indi-
.2 mm mm cate closed areas of low
.5 mm
Geophysical contour (index)Approximately loca- values or if it is unclear
11.4 that contour values are
ted where data are incomplete 4.5
mm decreasing (hachures
Geophysical contour (index)Approximately loca- point into areas of low
hachure
11.5 ted where data are incomplete. Hachures point
lineweight 5.0 1.0 mm value).
into closed areas of lower values .2 mm mm May be shown in black
lineweight .2 mm or other colors.
Geophysical contour (intermediate)Accurately
11.6
located
line color 100% red
Geophysical contour (intermediate)Accurately all lineweights .2 mm
11.7 located. Hachures point into closed areas of lower 1.0 mm
values 5.0
mm
.5 mm
Geophysical contour (intermediate)Approximately
11.8
located where data are incomplete 4.5
mm
Geophysical contour (intermediate)Approximately
11.9 located where data are incomplete. Hachures 1.0 mm
5.0
point into closed areas of lower values mm
2.0 mm 2.0 mm May be shown in black
11.10 Geophysical data collection locality or other colors.
line color 100% red lineweight .25 mm
90
HI-7
Geophysical data collection localityShowing 752 752
11.11 line and text
value where known color 100% red
A111
!" #
$ #
11GEOPHYSICAL AND STRUCTURE CONTOURS (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .4 mm HI-9 On most maps, every
Structure contour, 2nd surface (index)Accurately
11.23
located 600 600 fourth or fifth contour
line and text color 100% violet should be an index con-
tour.
Structure contour, 2nd surface (index)Showing Only index contours are
11.24
datum (in parentheses): SL, sea level 600(SL) 600(SL)
labeled. Negative val-
hachure ues must be preceded
Structure contour, 2nd surface (index)Accurately
lineweight by a minus () sign.
11.25 located. Hachures point into closed areas of lower .2 mm 1.0
values 5.5 mm Add hachures to indi-
mm
cate closed areas of low
.5 mm
Structure contour, 2nd surface (index) values or if it is unclear
11.26 that contour values are
Approximately located where control is poor 5.0
mm decreasing (hachures
Structure contour, 2nd surface (index) point into areas of low
11.27 Approximately located where control is poor. 1.0 value).
5.5 mm
Hachures point into closed areas of lower values mm May be shown in black
lineweight .275 mm or other colors.
Structure contour, 2nd surface (intermediate)
11.28
Accurately located
A112
!" #
$ #
12FLUVIAL AND ALLUVIAL FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
May also be shown in
Fluvial terrace scarpIdentity and existence cer- all lineweights .2 mm 2.0 mm
12.1 black or other colors.
tain, location accurate. Hachures point downscarp H-8
1.125
? mm
Fluvial terrace scarpIdentity or existence ques-
12.2 tionable, location accurate. Hachures point down- ? .75
mm color 100%
scarp 12.0 mm cyan
Fluvial terrace scarpIdentity and existence cer-
12.3 tain, location approximate. Hachures point down- 3.5 mm
scarp
?
Fluvial terrace scarpIdentity or existence ques-
12.4 tionable, location approximate. Hachures point ? .75 mm .75 mm
downscarp
lineweight .2 mm 1.75 mm
12.5 Fluvial transport direction 25
6.0
color 100% cyan mm
circle diameters .75 mm
Sediment transport direction determined from im- all lineweights
12.6
brication 6.0 .2 mm
color 100% cyan mm
90
Sediment transport direction determined from
12.7 1.25 mm all lineweights
crossbeds 5.5 .2 mm
color 100% cyan mm
.75 mm
Sediment transport direction determined from flute
12.8 1.375 mm 90
casts 5.5 all lineweights
color 100% cyan mm .2 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A121
!" #
$ #
13GLACIAL AND GLACIOFLUVIAL FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweights .2 mm
13.1 Crevasse on glacier
color 100% cyan lengths may vary
lineweight .25 mm length
may vary
13.2 Ice-flow direction
color
100% cyan 60 1.5 mm
color 1.25
Glacial-lake spillwayArrow shows direction of flow 100% mm 25
length
13.3 cyan may vary
lineweight .2 mm 60 2.0 mm
HI-6 (100% black)
Glacial-lake spillwayShowing elevation. Arrow 785' 785'
13.4
shows direction of flow
A131
!" #
$ #
13GLACIAL AND GLACIOFLUVIAL FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
color 100% cyan all lineweights May also be shown in
45
13.25 Kettle 3.0 mm .2 mm black or other colors.
1.75 mm
pattern 523-K
in 50% black
13.26 Hummocky topography (1st option)
pattern 523-DO
in 50% black
13.27 Hummocky topography (2nd option)
A132
!" #
$ #
13GLACIAL AND GLACIOFLUVIAL FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .45 mm color 100% cyan May also be shown in
Glacial limit or terminusIdentity and existence
13.49 H-8 black or other colors.
certain, location accurate
?
Glacial limit or terminusIdentity or existence .75 mm
13.50
questionable, location accurate ?
12.0 mm
Limit of significant glacial advanceIdentity and ex- lineweight .3 mm color 100% cyan
13.58 istence certain, location accurate. Hachures on 7.5 mm
side of advancing ice H-8
hachure
? ? lineweight
Limit of significant glacial advanceIdentity or exis- .25 mm
13.59 tence questionable, location accurate. Hachures ? ? .75 mm
on side of advancing ice hachure height 1.25 mm; spacing 4.0 mm
Limit of significant glacial advanceIdentity and ex-
13.60 istence certain, location approximate. Hachures 3.5 mm
on side of advancing ice
? ?
Limit of significant glacial advanceIdentity or exis-
13.61 tence questionable, location approximate. Hach- ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
ures on side of advancing ice
Limit of significant glacial advanceIdentity and ex-
13.62 istence certain, location concealed. Hachures on .5 mm
side of advancing ice
? ?
Limit of significant glacial advanceIdentity or exis-
13.63 tence questionable, location concealed. Hachures ? ? .75 mm .75 mm
on side of advancing ice
A133
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
14PERIGLACIAL FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
all lineweights .875 May also be shown in
.2 mm 60 mm color 100%
14.1 Pingo cyan black or other colors.
dot diameter .325 mm circle diameter 1.5 mm
diameter .9 mm
14.4 Sorted circles
color 100% cyan lineweight .2 mm
circle diameter .9 mm; spacing .45 mm
14.5 Stone stripe, fine debris
circle color 100%
lineweight cyan
.2 mm
14.6 Stone stripe, coarse debris
dot diameter .5 mm; spacing 1.25 mm
14.10 Felsenmeer
pattern 595-C
A141
!" #
$ #
15LACUSTRINE AND MARINE FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
color 100% cyan May also be shown in
15.1 Beach black or other colors.
dot diameter .75 mm; spacing .75 mm
color 100% cyan lineweight .2 mm
15.2 Beach ridges
length and spacing may vary
pattern 201-C
15.3 Marine-abrasion platform (1st option) (at 45)
pattern 522-C
15.4 Marine-abrasion platform (2nd option)
1.5 mm ? .4 mm
Aggradational shorelineIdentity or existence
15.6 questionable, location accurate. Triangles point off- ? .75 mm 22
shore 12.0 mm 2.0 mm
Aggradational shorelineIdentity and existence
15.7 certain, location approximate. Triangles point off- 3.5 mm
shore
?
Aggradational shorelineIdentity or existence
15.8 questionable, location approximate. Triangles point ? .75 mm .75 mm
offshore
color 100% cyan
Erosional shorelineIdentity and existence certain, lineweight
15.9
location accurate. Triangles point onshore .2 mm H-8
1.5 mm ? .4 mm
Erosional shorelineIdentity or existence question-
15.10
able, location accurate. Triangles point onshore ? .75 mm 22
12.0 mm 2.0 mm
A151
!" #
$ #
15LACUSTRINE AND MARINE FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
color 100% cyan all lineweights .2 mm May also be shown in
Shoreline cliffIdentity and existence certain, loca-
15.22 black or other colors.
tion accurate. Hachures point down cliff H-8
? 1.0
mm
Shoreline cliffIdentity or existence questionable, .75
15.23
location accurate. Hachures point down cliff ? mm
12.0 mm 2.0 mm
A152
!" #
$ #
16EOLIAN FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .25 mm Dune forms shown by
16.1 Dune crest dash .375 mm;
traces of dune crests.
space .3 mm
hachure lineweight .2 mm;
Scarp on dune crest, caused by slipHachures height 1.0 mm; spacing
16.2 4.75 mm
point down slip face of dune
Blowout rim around closed depression of eolian all lineweights .15 mm long dash 1.4 mm;
hachure short dash .5 mm;
16.3 origin in dune fieldHachures point into closed space .375 mm
height .875 mm;
depression spacing 3.5 mm
Blowout rim around closed depression of eolian all lineweights
.2 mm hachure height
16.4 origin in bedrockAccurately located. Hachures .875 mm;
point into closed depression spacing 2.5 mm
Blowout rim around closed depression of eolian .5 mm
16.5 origin in bedrockApproximately located. Hach- 2.5 mm
ures point into closed depression
lineweight .15 mm;
Edge of dry lakebed within closed depression of dash length 1.5 mm;
16.6 space .375 mm
eolian origin in bedrock
all lineweights 5.0 mm Point of observation is
Sediment transport direction determined from dune .15 mm .875 mm
16.7 1.5 mm 20 radius at the midpoint of the
forms
.875 mm 1.0 mm 1.25 mm bearing line.
1.25 mm .875 mm radius
Sediment transport direction determined from dune
16.8 1.5 mm
bedding in horizontal section all lineweights
1.0 mm .15 mm
Sediment transport direction determined from .5 mm dot diameter .3 mm;
spacing .225 mm
16.9 eolian crossbedding in vertical or near-vertical 2.5 mm
section 1.0 mm 40
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A161
!" #
$ #
17LANDSLIDE AND MASS-WASTING FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
linecolor 60% black lineweight .2 mm May be used to outline
Outline of slip surface of landslideIdentity and
17.1 H-8 (60% black) area of slip surface of
existence certain, location accurate
landslide if desired.
?
Do not use to outline
Outline of slip surface of landslideIdentity or .75 mm landslide deposits (use
17.2
existence questionable, location accurate ?
12.0 mm a map-unit boundary
contact instead).
Outline of slip surface of landslideIdentity and
17.3 3.5 mm
existence certain, location approximate
?
Outline of slip surface of landslideIdentity or exis-
17.4
tence questionable, location approximate ? .75 mm .75 mm
A171
!" #
$ #
17LANDSLIDE AND MASS-WASTING FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
3.0 mm 60 Place line along base of
Main toe of landslideActive, sharp, distinct, and 1.0 mm
17.20 toe; sawteeth on over-
accurately located
lineweight .25 mm riding block.
.5 mm May be shown in red or
Main toe of landslideInactive, subdued, indistinct, other colors.
17.21
and (or) approximately located
3.0 mm
Minor toe, internal thrust fault, or pressure ridge in 2.5 mm 60
17.22 landslideActive, sharp, distinct, and accurately .85 mm
located lineweight .25 mm
Minor toe, internal thrust fault, or pressure ridge in .5 mm
17.23 landslideInactive, subdued, indistinct, and (or)
approximately located 2.0 mm
Minor toe, internal thrust fault, or pressure ridge in lineweight 60
.25 mm .85 mm
17.24 landslide, showing transport reversalActive,
5.0
sharp, distinct, and accurately located .85 mm mm 60
Minor toe, internal thrust fault, or pressure ridge in .5 mm
17.25 landslide, showing transport reversalInactive,
subdued, indistinct, and (or) approximately located 2.0 mm
A172
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
17LANDSLIDE AND MASS-WASTING FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweights .175 mm .65 mm
17.44 Crest line of lateral levee on landslide (1st option) 1.0 60
mm
1.5 mm
.65 mm
17.45 Crest line of lateral levee on landslide (2nd option) 1.0 60
mm
1.5 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
1.375
17.46 Path of gully on landslide 25 mm
4.5
mm 1.575 mm
lineweight .2 mm 1.0 Arrow points downhill.
mm 20
17.47 Soil creep or incipient sliding on landslide May be shown in red or
6.75 mm
1.5 mm other colors.
lineweight .2 mm Tail points downhill.
17.48 Spring, seep, or drainage (runoff) on landslide May be shown in red or
circle diameter 1.5 mm; tail length 3.0 mm other colors.
all lineweights hachure height Hachures point into
Sag pond or closed depression on landslide (map- .175 mm .875 mm;
17.49 spacing depression.
ped to scale)
1.25 mm
all lineweights hachure height Hachures point away
Hummock on landslide (mapped to scale) .175 mm .875 mm;
17.50 spacing from hummock.
1.25 mm
all lineweights
Hummock on landslide (shown as point symbol .175 mm 60 .875
17.51 mm
when too small to outline at map scale)
circle diameter 1.5 mm
4.0 mm lineweight Usually shown on
30 .2 mm
17.52 Tilt direction of surface of landslide 1.125 mm special-purpose land-
2.0 mm slide activity maps.
2.0 mm
HI-6 May also be shown in
Tilt direction of surface of landslideShowing 14 14 red or other colors.
17.53
angle of tilt
lineweight .2 mm 1.75 mm
17.54 Displacement vectorShowing bearing
6.75 25
mm
1.3 1.3 HI-7
Displacement vectorShowing bearing and dis-
17.55
tance
1.5 mm Usually shown on
Active, reactivated, or historically active debris flow,
17.56 4.0 mm color 100% special-purpose land-
showing a sharply defined morphology
20 magenta slide activity maps.
Dormant-young debris flow, showing a fresh and If necessary, alpha-
17.57 uneroded morphology but having no evidence of numeric characters may
historic activity color 50% magenta be added to help distin-
guish landslide areas.
Active, reactivated, or historically active landslide fill color 60%
17.58 (mapped to scale), showing a sharply defined magenta May also be shown in
morphology red or other colors.
Dormant-young landslide (mapped to scale), show- fill color 40%
17.59 ing a fresh and uneroded morphology but having magenta
no evidence of historic activity
fill color 20%
Dormant-mature landslide (mapped to scale), magenta
17.60
showing a smoothed and eroded morphology
fill color 8%
Dormant-old or relict landslide (mapped to scale), magenta
17.61
showing a weak morphology
A173
!" #
$ #
18VOLCANIC FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .275 mm Use to show outline of
Rim of volcanic craterIdentity and existence cer-
18.1 topographic wall.
tain, location accurate. Hachures point into crater H-8
1.0 Rim may not outline
hachure ?
Rim of volcanic craterIdentity or existence ques- lineweight
mm crater completely.
18.2 tionable, location accurate. Hachures point into ? .15 mm .75 May also be shown in
mm
crater 12.0 mm 2.0 mm red, magenta, or other
Rim of volcanic craterIdentity or existence cer- colors.
2.0 mm
18.3 tain, location approximate. Hachures point into 3.5 mm
crater
?
Rim of volcanic craterIdentity or existence ques-
18.4 tionable, location approximate. Hachures point into ? .75 mm .75 mm
crater
Rim of volcanic craterIdentity and existence cer-
18.5 tain, location concealed. Hachures point into cra- 1.25 mm
ter
?
Rim of volcanic craterIdentity or existence ques-
18.6 tionable, location concealed. Hachures point into ? .75 mm .75 mm
crater
lineweight .5 mm
May also be shown in
Caldera margin (1st option)Identity and existence HB-8
18.8 red, magenta, or other
certain, location accurate. Ticks point into caldera
colors.
? 1.5
Caldera margin (1st option)Identity or existence tick mm
lineweight .75 mm
18.9 questionable, location accurate. Ticks point into ? .375 mm
caldera 12.0 mm
Caldera margin (1st option)Identity and existence
18.10 certain, location approximate. Ticks point into cal- 3.5 mm
dera
?
Caldera margin (1st option)Identity or existence
18.11 questionable, location approximate. Ticks point ? .75 mm .75 mm
into caldera
A181
!" #
$ #
18VOLCANIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Contact separating individual lava flows within lineweight .2 mm color 100% red May also be shown in
18.24 same map unitIdentity and existence certain, H-8 magenta, black, or other
location accurate colors.
?
Contact separating individual lava flows within
18.25 same map unitIdentity or existence question- ? .75 mm
able, location accurate 12.0 mm
1.25 mm
18.42 Buried volcanic fissure
.5 mm .375 mm
hachure
lineweight color 100%
18.43 Volcanic fissure where lava has been emitted .15 mm red
A182
!" #
$ #
18VOLCANIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Ice-contact lava-flow marginIdentity and exis- lineweight .2 mm color 100% red May also be shown in
18.48 tence certain, location accurate. Rectangles on H-8 magenta, black, or other
side of overlying younger flow colors.
? .5 mm
Ice-contact lava-flow marginIdentity or existence
18.49 questionable, location accurate. Rectangles on ? .75 mm 2.0 mm
side of overlying younger flow 12.0 mm
Ice-contact lava-flow marginIdentity and exis-
18.50 tence certain, location approximate. Rectangles 3.5 mm
on side of overlying younger flow
?
Ice-contact lava-flow marginIdentity or existence
18.51 questionable, location approximate. Rectangles on ? .75 mm .75 mm
side of overlying younger flow
Ice-contact lava-flow marginIdentity and exis-
18.52 tence certain, location concealed. Rectangles on .5 mm 2.5 mm
side of overlying younger flow
?
Ice-contact lava-flow marginIdentity or existence
18.53 questionable, location concealed. Rectangles on ? .75 mm .75 mm
side of overlying younger flow
all lineweights .875 mm May also be shown in
.2 mm
18.54 Outline of basalt-filled lava pond 1.0 mm magenta, black, or other
tick spacing 2.0
mm (at base) color 100% red colors.
lineweight .2 mm 60 May also be shown in
18.55 Small cone, vent, cinder cone, or spatter cone color 100% 2.0 mm magenta, black, or other
red 2.0 mm colors.
lineweight .2 mm 2.625 mm
18.56 Large cone, vent, cinder cone, or spatter cone 2.625 mm color 100%
60 red
lineweight .2 mm 2.0 mm
Small hornito 45
18.57 2.0 mm
color 100%
red 2.0 mm
lineweight .2 mm 2.625 mm
18.58 Large hornito 45
color 100% 2.625 mm
red 2.625 mm
lineweight .5 mm
.2 mm
18.59 Spatter rampart color 100%
90
1.5 mm red
lineweight .2 mm
18.60 Rootless vent area on lava flow line color pattern
100% red 327-R
lineweight .2 mm
pattern
18.61 Thermal area line color
121-R in
50% red
100% red
color 100% H-7 lineweight .15 mm; Rotate tail to downhill.
T red T radius .5 mm
18.62 Thermal spring May also be shown in
dot diameter
1.5 mm 2.0 mm magenta or other colors.
lineweight .2 mm radius .5 mm May also be shown in
lineweight .375 mm 2.75 mm
18.63 Geyser lineweight .2 mm magenta, black, or other
ellipse height 1.25
color 100% red mm; width 2.5 mm colors.
draft as shown color 100% red
18.64 Fumarole or steam vent 2.5 mm
ellipse height 1.25
all lineweights .2 mm mm; width 2.5 mm
color 100% red
outer diameter
18.65 Recent volcano on small-scale maps 22.5 3.0 mm; inner
diameter 1.375 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
lineweight .3 mm Usually reserved for
18.66 Active volcano on small-scale maps 2.625 mm color 100% maps at scales of
60 red 1:250,000 or smaller.
90 color 100% May also be shown in
18.67 Inactive volcano on small-scale maps red magenta, black, or other
2.5 mm lineweight .3 mm colors.
circle diameter 1.375 mm
Cinder cone on small-scale maps color 100%
18.68 red
lineweight .2 mm
H-7
D D
18.69 Diatreme color 100%
dot diameter 1.375 mm red
H-7
18.70 Breccia pipe B B
color 100%
dot diameter 1.375 mm red
lineweight .2 mm H-7
Collapse structureIndicating breccia pipe at C C
18.71 color 100%
depth
circle diameter 1.375 mm red
A183
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.1Veins and mineralized areas; mineral resource areas; metamorphic facies boundary
lineweight .25 mm color 100% red May also be shown in
Vein, veinlet, or mineralized stringerIdentity and
19.1.1 black or other colors.
existence certain, location accurate 8.0 mm H-8
? ?
Vein, veinlet, or mineralized stringerIdentity or .75 mm
19.1.2 ? ?
existence questionable, location accurate dot diameter .75 mm; spacing 4.5 mm
A191
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.2Areas of extensively disturbed ground; surface workings; subsurface workings projected to surface
lineweight Patterns should overlay
Graded areaExtensive amount of mapped geo- .2 mm
19.2.1 pattern 226-R other mapped units.
logic unit has been removed line color (at 45)
100% red Generally shown in
lineweight .3 mm black or red, but may
19.2.2 Strip mine (1st option) also be shown in brown
pattern 226-K
lineweight .15 mm (at 45) or other colors.
A192
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.3Mining and mineral exploration (at surface)
lineweight .2 mm
19.3.1 Prospect (pit or small open cut) 1.75 mm
60
3.125 mm
19.3.2 Sand, gravel, clay, or placer pit
all lineweights
.15 mm 60 .7 mm
1.5 mm
19.3.3 Abandoned sand, gravel, clay, or placer pit all lineweights
.15 mm
pick 1.5 mm 1.5 mm lineweight
thickness .15 mm
19.3.4 Open pit, quarry, or glory hole .25 mm;
radius hammerhead thickness
1.625 mm 3.125 mm .3 mm; radius 1.625 mm
all lineweights
19.3.5 Abandoned open pit, quarry, or glory hole .15 mm
1.5 mm
all lineweights
.25 mm hachure height
19.3.6 Open pit or quarry (mapped to scale) .6 mm;
spacing 1.5 mm
length may vary
1.5 mm
19.3.7 Trench (generalized trace)
90
all lineweights .25 mm
all lineweights
.25 mm hachure height
19.3.8 Trench (drawn to scale) .6 mm;
spacing 1.5 mm
all lineweights 3.5 mm Long line points in
.175 mm
19.3.9 Adit or tunnel entrance (1st option) 90 1.5 mm direction of adit or tun-
2.75 mm nel entrance at surface.
1.0 mm Map position of adit or
Approximately located adit or tunnel entrance (1st tunnel entrance is at
19.3.10
option) .25 mm intersection of long line
and two short lines.
.25 mm
19.3.11 Destroyed adit or tunnel entrance (1st option)
.25 mm
all lineweights
Abandoned or inaccessible adit or tunnel entrance .175 mm
19.3.12 1.25 mm
(1st option)
1.75 mm
Adit or tunnel entrance (1st option)Showing angle HI-6 Angle of inclination may
19.3.13 of inclination (negative value indicates downward -40 -40 be added to any adit or
slope) tunnel entrance symbol.
all 90 3.5 mm Long line points in
lineweights
19.3.14 Adit or tunnel entrance (2nd option) .175 mm 1.5 mm direction of adit or tun-
1.0 mm 2.75 mm nel entrance at surface.
1.0 mm
Map position of adit or
Approximately located adit or tunnel entrance (2nd tunnel entrance is at
19.3.15
option) intersection of long line
.25 mm
and two short lines.
.25 mm
19.3.16 Destroyed adit or tunnel entrance (2nd option)
.25 mm
all lineweights
Abandoned or inaccessible adit or tunnel entrance .175 mm
19.3.17 1.25 mm
(2nd option)
1.75 mm
Adit or tunnel entrance (2nd option)Showing HI-6 Angle of inclination may
19.3.18 angle of inclination (negative value indicates -50 -50 be added to any adit or
downward slope) tunnel entrance symbol.
all lineweights radius .75 mm
Long lines point in
Portal .175 mm
19.3.19 1.5 mm direction of portal entry
3.5
mm at surface.
1.0 mm
Map position of portal
19.3.20 Approximately located portal entry is between the
.25 mm two lines, at the position
where the short curved
.25 mm
lines intersect the long
19.3.21 Destroyed portal
lines.
.25 mm
all lineweights 1.75 mm
19.3.22 Abandoned or inaccessible portal .175 mm
A193 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.3Mining and mineral exploration (at surface) (continued)
lineweight
19.3.25 Drill hole for mineral exploration .175 mm
diameter 1.5 mm
H-6
Drill hole for mineral explorationNo geologic data ND ND
19.3.26
available
H-7
Drill hole for mineral explorationShowing name PAHUTE 2 PAHUTE 2
19.3.27
and number
HI-6
Drill hole for mineral explorationShowing type DDH DDH
19.3.28
(DDH, diamond drill hole)
all lineweights
19.3.29 Drill hole for exploration of low-grade ore .175 mm 4.0 mm
Inclined drill hole for mineral explorationShowing all lineweights 1.0 mm Projected trace of drill
.175 mm
19.3.31 location of collar (circle) and projected trace 1.5 mm hole, angle of inclina-
(dashed line) and bottom (T) of drill hole length may vary .5 mm tion, surface altitude,
Inclined drill hole for mineral explorationShowing HI-6 and total depth may be
19.3.32 angle of inclination (negative value indicates -65 -65 added to any drill hole
downward slope) symbol.
HI-6
Inclined drill hole for mineral explorationShowing 2500 2500
19.3.33
surface altitude of collar (in meters)
lineweight
Vertical mine shaft, as shown on smaller scale or .175 mm
19.3.35
general-purpose maps
1.5 mm
H-7
Abandoned or inaccessible vertical mine shaft, as A A
19.3.37
shown on smaller scale or general-purpose maps
A194
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.4Mines and subsurface workings
size may vary
Vertical mine shaft at surface (drawn to scale), as
19.4.1
shown on subsurface exploration maps lineweight .175 mm
Inclined mine shaft at surface (drawn to scale), as all lineweights
19.4.2 shown on subsurface exploration mapsShowing .175 mm
direction of inclination lengths may vary
Inclined mine shaft at surface (drawn to scale), as shown -30 -30 HI-6
19.4.3 on subsurface exploration mapsShowing angle of
inclination (negative value indicates downward slope)
size may vary
Mine shaft, above and below level (drawn to scale),
19.4.4 all lineweights
as shown on subsurface exploration maps
.175 mm
size may vary
Bottom of mine shaft (drawn to scale), as shown on
19.4.5
subsurface exploration maps all lineweights
.175 mm
size may vary
Winze or head of raise (drawn to scale), as shown
19.4.6
on subsurface exploration maps all lineweights
.175 mm
size may vary
Raise or winze extending through level (drawn to
19.4.7
scale), as shown on subsurface exploration maps all lineweights
.175 mm
size may vary
Raise or foot of winze (drawn to scale), as shown
19.4.8
on subsurface exploration maps all lineweights
.175 mm
Crosscut tunnel or intersection of workings (drawn radius 1.25 mm size may vary
19.4.9 to scale), as shown on subsurface exploration
maps lineweight .175 mm
spacing
Workings (drawn to scale), as shown on subsurface may vary
19.4.10
exploration maps
lineweights .175 mm
Caved or otherwise inaccessible workings (drawn all lineweights .175 mm spacing
length of may vary
19.4.11 to scale), as shown on subsurface exploration crossbar
maps may vary dash 1.5 mm; spacing .5 mm
Inclined workings, as shown on subsurface explora- all lineweights .175 mm
19.4.12 tion maps (drawn to scale)Chevrons point down- spacing
90
slope (multiple chevrons indicate steeper slope) may vary
1.5 mm
Ore chute (drawn to scale), as shown on subsur- 1.5 mm
19.4.13
face exploration maps spacing
may vary all lineweights .15 mm
all lineweights .15 mm
Lagging or cribbing along drift (drawn to scale), as spacing .55 mm
19.4.14 may vary
shown on subsurface exploration maps
circle diameter .75 mm; spacing .75 mm
60 all lineweights
Elevation of roof or back, as shown on subsurface .15 mm
19.4.15 1.0 mm
exploration maps 2801' 2801'
HI-6
HI-6
Elevation of floor or sill, as shown on subsurface 2809' 2809'
19.4.16 1.0 mm
exploration maps
60
Stoped area (drawn to scale), as shown on subsur- all lineweights .15 mm dash 1.5 mm;
19.4.17 spacing .5 mm
face exploration maps (section view)
A195
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.5Oil and gas fields; wells drilled for hydrocarbon exploration or exploitation
lineweight .2 mm Patterned areas (extent
19.5.1 Oil fieldExtent defined fill color line color defined) should be
50% green 100% green shown as separately
lineweight .2 mm mapped units.
19.5.2 Oil fieldExtent not yet defined line color
Outlined areas (extent
dash .5 mm;
spacing .5 mm 50% green not yet defined) should
lineweight .2 mm overlay other mapped
units.
19.5.3 Gas fieldExtent defined fill color line color
50% red 100% red Generally shown in red
and (or) green, but may
lineweight .2 mm
also be shown in other
19.5.4 Gas fieldExtent not yet defined dash 2.0 mm; line color colors or patterns.
spacing .5 mm 100% red
lineweight .2 mm pattern 426
19.5.5 Oil and gas fieldExtent defined (at 45)
Inclined drill hole for hydrocarbon exploration or exploi- all lineweights 1.0 mm Projected trace of drill
.2 mm
19.5.14 tationShowing location of collar (circle) and project- length of trace 1.5 mm hole, angle of inclina-
ed trace (dashed line) and bottom (T) of drill hole may vary .5 mm tion, surface altitude,
HI-6 and total depth may be
Inclined drill hole for hydrocarbon exploration or -70 -70 added to any type of
19.5.15
exploitationShowing angle of inclination well symbol.
HI-6
May also be shown in
Inclined drill hole for hydrocarbon exploration or
75 75 green (oil), red (gas), or
19.5.16 exploitationShowing surface altitude of collar (in
other colors.
meters)
Inclined drill hole for hydrocarbon exploration or HI-6
19.5.17 exploitationShowing total depth of drill hole (in TD 650 TD 650
meters)
Multiple wells drilled from single platformShowing Any type of well symbol
19.5.18 location of collar (open circle) on platform. Types may be shown at bot-
of wells indicated at drill hole bottoms toms of drill holes.
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A196
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.5Oil and gas fields; wells drilled for hydrocarbon exploration or exploitation (continued)
all lineweights .2 mm May also be shown in
19.5.19 Dry hole (nonspecific depth) other colors.
.625 mm diameter 1.5 mm
Dry holeShowing map unit at surface (Km) and at H-7
19.5.20 bottom of hole (Kd). Also showing altitude at sur- Km 2809 Km 2809
face and total depth of hole (in meters) Kd 4996 all lineweights .2 mm Kd 4996
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.30 Deep disposal well
circle diameter 2.75 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.31 Plugged and abandoned deep disposal well
4.0 mm
60 May also be shown in
19.5.32 Salt-water disposal well (nonspecific depth) 2.0 mm all lineweights .2 mm other colors.
circle diameter 1.0 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned salt-water disposal well
19.5.33
(nonspecific depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.34 Shallow salt-water disposal well deep salt-water dispos-
al wells are shown on
map.
Plugged and abandoned shallow salt-water dispos- May also be shown in
19.5.35
al well other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.36 Deep salt-water disposal well
outer circle diameter 2.75 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned deep salt-water disposal
19.5.37
well
4.0 mm
A197
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.5Oil and gas fields; wells drilled for hydrocarbon exploration or exploitation (continued)
lineweight .2 mm May also be shown in
90 90 1.2 mm
19.5.38 Oil seep green or other colors.
diameter 1.5 mm
lineweight .2 mm
19.5.39 Oil show
diameter 1.5 mm
lineweight .2 mm
19.5.42 Plugged and abandoned oil well (nonspecific depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.43 Shallow oil well deep oil wells are
shown on map.
May also be shown in
19.5.44 Suspended shallow oil well green or other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.48 Plugged and abandoned deep oil well
4.0 mm
all lineweights May also be shown in
.2 mm 90 90 1.2 mm
19.5.49 Gas seep red or other colors.
.625 mm diameter 1.5 mm
all lineweights
19.5.50 Gas show .2 mm
.625
mm diameter 1.5 mm
all lineweights diameter 1.5 mm
19.5.51 Gas well (nonspecific depth) .2 mm
.625 mm
all lineweights
19.5.52 Suspended gas well (nonspecific depth) .2 mm 4.0 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned gas well (nonspecific
19.5.53
depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.54 Shallow gas well deep gas wells are
shown on map.
May also be shown in
19.5.55 Suspended shallow gas well red or other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.59 Plugged and abandoned deep gas well
4.0 mm
all lineweights May also be shown in
Deep gas well, plugged back and producing shal- .2 mm
19.5.60 red or other colors.
low gas
1.25 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A198
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.5Oil and gas fields; wells drilled for hydrocarbon exploration or exploitation (continued)
all lineweights May also be shown in
.2 mm 90 90 1.2 mm
19.5.61 Oil and gas seep other colors.
.625 mm diameter 1.5 mm
all lineweights
.2 mm
19.5.62 Oil and gas show
.625 mm
diameter 1.5 mm
all lineweights diameter 1.5 mm
19.5.63 Oil and gas well (nonspecific depth) .2 mm
.625 mm
all lineweights
19.5.64 Suspended oil and gas well (nonspecific depth) .2 mm
4.0 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned oil and gas well (nonspe-
19.5.65
cific depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.66 Shallow oil and gas well deep oil and gas wells
are shown on map.
May also be shown in
19.5.67 Suspended shallow oil and gas well other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.71 Plugged and abandoned deep oil and gas well
4.0 mm
lineweight .2 mm May also be shown in
19.5.72 Condensate show other colors.
diameter 1.5 mm
lineweight .2 mm
19.5.73 Condensate well (nonspecific depth)
diameter 1.5 mm
lineweight
19.5.74 Suspended condensate well (nonspecific depth) .2 mm 4.0 mm
lineweight
Plugged and abandoned condensate well (nonspe- .2 mm
19.5.75
cific depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.76 Shallow condensate well deep condensate wells
are shown on map.
May also be shown in
19.5.77 Suspended shallow condensate well other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.81 Plugged and abandoned deep condensate well
4.0 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A199
!" #
$ #
19NATURAL RESOURCES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
19.5Oil and gas fields; wells drilled for hydrocarbon exploration or exploitation (continued)
all lineweights diameter 1.5 mm May also be shown in
.2 mm
19.5.82 Gas and condensate show other colors.
.625 mm
all lineweights diameter 1.5 mm
.2 mm
19.5.83 Gas and condensate well (nonspecific depth)
.625 mm
all lineweights
Suspended gas and condensate well (nonspecific .2 mm
19.5.84 4.0 mm
depth)
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned gas and condensate well
19.5.85
(nonspecific depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.86 Shallow gas and condensate well deep gas and conden-
sate wells are shown on
map.
19.5.87 Suspended shallow gas and condensate well May also be shown in
other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned deep gas and condensate
19.5.91
well
4.0 mm
May also be shown in
19.5.92 Gas storage well (nonspecific depth) 1.75 mm other colors.
lineweight
Plugged and abandoned gas storage well (nonspe- .2 mm
19.5.93
cific depth)
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.94 Shallow gas storage well deep gas storage wells
are shown on map.
May also be shown in
19.5.95 Plugged and abandoned shallow gas storage well other colors.
lineweight .2 mm
19.5.96 Deep gas storage well
outer circle diameter 2.75 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.97 Plugged and abandoned deep gas storage well
4.0 mm
diameter 1.5 mm May also be shown in
Observation well for gas-storage field (nonspecific
19.5.98 other colors.
depth) .725 mm
all lineweights
.2 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned observation well for gas-
19.5.99
storage field [nonspecific depth]
4.0 mm
Use if both shallow and
19.5.100 Shallow observation well for gas-storage field deep observation wells
are shown on map.
May also be shown in
Plugged and abandoned shallow observation well other colors.
19.5.101
for gas-storage field
all lineweights .2 mm
19.5.102 Deep observation well for gas-storage field
outer circle diameter 2.75 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Plugged and abandoned deep observation well for
19.5.103
gas-storage field
4.0 mm
A1910
!" #
$ #
20HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
60 Generally shown in red,
20.1 Hazardous waste site 2.375 mm but may also be shown
color 100% red lineweight .2 mm in black or other colors.
all lineweights .2 mm 1.25 mm
Hazardous waste siteShowing direction of 1.125 mm 25
20.2
surface-leachate flow from site
color 100% red 2.0 mm
60
20.3 Active (operating) hazardous waste site 2.375 mm
color 100% red
triangle lineweight .2 mm
20.4 Inactive (closed) hazardous waste site bar lineweight .3 mm 3.75 mm
color 100% red
A201
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
21NEOTECTONIC AND EARTHQUAKE-HAZARD FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
color 100% violet The type of scale used
outer circle diameter
21.1 Earthquake epicenter, magnitude 7.5 or larger 7.0 mm; inner circlefor measuring earth-
inner dot diameter diameter 5.75 mm;
4.5 mm lineweight .25 mm quakes should be
color 100% violet
noted.
21.2 Earthquake epicenter, magnitude 77.49 May also be shown in
dot diameter 4.25 mm black or other colors.
color 100% violet circle diameter 4.0
21.3 Earthquake epicenter, magnitude 6.56.99 inner dot diameter
mm; lineweight
.25 mm
2.375 mm
color 100% violet
21.4 Earthquake epicenter, magnitude 66.49
dot diameter 2.25 mm
color 100% violet circle diameter 2.25
21.5 Earthquake epicenter, magnitude 5.55.99 mm; lineweight
.25 mm
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for vertical, size may vary Note that two types of
21.8 down-to-the-left offset along north-striking, vertical lineweight fault motion and (or) two
faultBlack quadrant indicates region of compression .175 mm different fault-plane ori-
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for right-lateral entations could be rep-
21.9 strike-slip offset along north-striking, vertical fault resented by the same
Black quadrants indicate regions of compression focal-mechanism dia-
gram. For example, the
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for left-lateral focal-mechanism dia-
21.10 strike-slip offset along north-striking, vertical fault gram that shows right-
Black quadrants indicate regions of compression lateral strike-slip offset
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for normal, along a north-striking,
21.11 down-to-the-left offset along north-striking, west- vertical fault (ref. no.
dipping (at 45) faultBlack quadrants indicate 21.9) could also show
regions of compression
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for normal, left-lateral strike-slip
down-to-the-left offset along northwest-striking, offset along an east-
21.12
southwest-dipping (at 30) faultBlack quadrants west-striking, vertical
indicate regions of compression fault.
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for reverse,
21.13 left-side-up offset along north-striking, west-dip-
ping (at 45) faultBlack quadrant indicates re-
gion of compression
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for reverse,
21.14 left-side-up offset along northwest-striking, south-
west-dipping (at 60) faultBlack quadrant indi-
cates region of compression
Fault-plane or focal-mechanism diagram for oblique
21.15 reverse, left-side-up offset along northwest-striking,
southwest-dipping (at 60) faultBlack quadrants
indicate regions of compression
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock H-8
May also be shown in
21.16 Identity and existence certain, location accurate. all lineweights violet or other colors.
.275 mm
Hachures point into subsided area
? 1.25
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock mm
21.17 Identity or existence questionable, location accu- ? .75 mm
rate. Hachures point into subsided area 12.0 mm
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock
21.18 Identity or existence certain, location approximate. 3.5 mm
Hachures point into subsided area
?
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock
21.19 Identity or existence questionable, location ? .75 mm .75 mm
approximate. Hachures point into subsided area
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock
21.20 Identity or existence certain, location inferred. 1.5 mm
Hachures point into subsided area
?
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock
21.21 Identity or existence questionable, location infer- ? .75 mm .75 mm
red. Hachures point into subsided area
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock
21.22 Identity and existence certain, location concealed. .75 mm
Hachures point into subsided area
?
Outer limit of subsidence caused by shock
21.23 Identity or existence questionable, location con- ? .75 mm .75 mm
cealed. Hachures point into subsided area
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A211
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
21NEOTECTONIC AND EARTHQUAKE-HAZARD FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Rim crest or crater with rim, formed by shock or May also be shown in
all lineweights .2 mm violet or other colors.
21.24 sand blowoutsIdentity and existence certain, H-8
location accurate. Hachures point into crater 1.0
? mm
Rim crest or crater with rim, formed by shock or
21.25 sand blowoutsIdentity or existence question- ? .75
mm
able, location accurate. Hachures point into crater 12.0 mm 2.0 mm
A212
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Appendix A
22PLATE-TECTONIC FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Active spreading axis or mid-oceanic ridge, with rift color 100% red 60 lineweight .375 mm May also be shown in
22.1 Accurately located. Sawteeth point in direction 1.25 spacing black or other colors.
mm may vary
of spreading sawtooth lineweight .25 mm; spacing 12.5 mm
Active spreading axis or mid-oceanic ridge, with rift 10.0 mm
22.2 Approximately located. Sawteeth point in direc-
tion of spreading 2.5 mm
Active spreading axis or mid-oceanic ridge, without color 100% red 60 lineweight .625 mm
22.3 riftAccurately located. Sawteeth point in direc- 1.25
mm
tion of spreading sawtooth lineweight .25 mm; spacing 12.5 mm
Active spreading axis or mid-oceanic ridge, without 10.0 mm
22.4 riftApproximately located. Sawteeth point in
direction of spreading 2.5 mm
Ancient spreading axis or mid-oceanic ridge 60 all lineweights .25 mm May also be shown in
1.25
22.5 Accurately located. Sawteeth point in direction of mm .75 mm other colors.
spreading sawtooth spacing 12.5 mm
Ancient spreading axis or mid-oceanic ridge 10.0 mm
22.6 Approximately located. Sawteeth point in direction
of spreading 2.5 mm
Surface trace of active deep-seismofocal or sub- lineweight .375 mm color 100% red May also be shown in
22.7 duction zoneAccurately located. Sawteeth on 1.25 black or other colors.
mm 6.25 sawtooth
upper plate mm radius 3.0 mm
Surface trace of active deep-seismofocal or sub- 5.25 1.0 mm
mm
22.8 duction zoneApproximately located. Sawteeth
on upper plate
Surface trace of active deep-seismofocal or sub-
22.9 duction zoneShowing fore-arc sediments. Saw- pattern
427-R
teeth on upper plate
lineweight .375 mm
Active convergent plate boundaryAccurately
22.10 2.0
located. Sawteeth on upper plate color 6.25 mm
100% red mm 60
5.25 1.0 mm
Active convergent plate boundaryApproximately mm
22.11
located. Sawteeth on upper plate
A221
!" #
$ #
22PLATE-TECTONIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight 6.25 May also be shown in
Continental slopeAccurately located. Rectangles 25 mm mm
22.25 other colors.
point downslope
tooth height .875 mm; width 1.5 mm
5.25
Continental slopeApproximately located. Rectan- mm
22.26
gles point downslope
1.0 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Outline of basinAccurately located. Sawteeth .75
22.28
point into basin 6.25 mm
mm 90
5.25 1.0 mm
Outline of basinApproximately located. Sawteeth mm
22.29
point into basin
all lineweights
Volcanic ridge or edificeAccurately located. .2 mm
22.33 .625 mm
Hachures point downslope
3.125 mm
5.25 1.0 mm
Volcanic ridge or edificeApproximately located. mm
22.34
Hachures point downslope
all lineweights .2 mm
22.35 GuyotHachures point downslope
hachure height .625 mm; spacing .5 mm
sawtooth spacing 60
Seamount, nonvolcanic originSawteeth point 1.0 mm
22.36 5.0 mm
downslope
all lineweights .2 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
Seamount, nonvolcanic origin (shown as point sym- .625 mm
22.38
bol when too small to outline at map scale)
circle diameter 1.375 mm
lineweights .2 mm
Seamount, volcanic origin (shown as point symbol
22.39
when too small to outline at map scale)
dot diameter 1.375 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A222
!" #
$ #
23MISCELLANEOUS UPLIFT AND COLLAPSE FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity and lineweight .25 mm H-8
23.1 existence certain, location accurate. Hachures on
upper plate
hachure
? .75
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity or mm
lineweight .75 mm
23.2 existence questionable, location accurate. Hach- ? .2 mm 1.25 mm
ures on upper plate 12.0 mm
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity and
23.3 existence certain, location approximate. Hachures 3.5 mm
on upper plate
?
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity or
23.4 existence questionable, location approximate. ? .75 mm .75 mm
Hachures on upper plate
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity and
23.5 existence certain, location inferred. Hachures on 1.5 mm 2.5 mm
upper plate
?
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity or
23.6 existence questionable, location inferred. Hach- ? .75 mm .75 mm
ures on upper plate
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity and
23.7 existence certain, location concealed. Hachures .5 mm 2.5 mm
on upper plate
?
Outline of metamorphic core complexIdentity or
23.8 existence questionable, location concealed. Hach- ? .75 mm .75 mm
ures on upper plate
lineweight .2 mm
Collapse structure or sinkhole (too small to draw to
23.9
scale)
circle diameter 2.0 mm; dot diameter .5 mm
all lineweights
23.10 Collapse structure or sinkhole (drawn to scale) .2 mm
hachure height .55 mm; spacing 1.25 mm
dash length 1.25 mm;
spacing .375 mm
23.11 Crater outline, unspecified origin
lineweight .2 mm
circle diameter 2.5 mm;
lineweight .25 mm
23.12 UpliftLocal, intensely disturbed
crossbar lineweight .175 mm
H-7
23.13 Salt dome S S
dot diameter 1.625 mm
lineweight .2 mm H-7
23.14 Possible salt dome S? S?
circle diameter 1.625 mm
100% black
23.15 Salt and (or) shale diapirs
A231
!" #
$ #
24TERRESTRIAL IMPACT FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
dot diameter 2.125 mm
Primary terrestrial impact crater (too small to draw
24.1
to scale) (1st option)
A241
!" #
$ #
25PLANETARY GEOLOGY FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .15 mm
25.1 Contact, planetaryLocation accurate
3.5 mm
25.2 Contact, planetaryLocation approximate
.75 mm
1.5 mm
25.3 Contact, planetaryLocation inferred
.75 mm
.5 mm
25.4 Contact, planetaryLocation concealed
.75 mm
A251
!" #
$ #
25PLANETARY GEOLOGY FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
Graben trace, planetary (shown as single line lineweight .375 mm
25.25 where bounding normal faults cannot be mapped
separately)Location accurate dot diameter 1.375 mm
Graben trace, planetary (shown as single line 3.5 mm
25.26 where bounding normal faults cannot be mapped
separately)Location approximate .75 mm
Graben trace, planetary (shown as single line 1.5 mm
25.27 where bounding normal faults cannot be mapped
separately)Location inferred .75 mm
Graben trace, planetary (shown as single line .5 mm
25.28 where bounding normal faults cannot be mapped
separately)Location concealed .75 mm
lineweight .3 mm
25.29 Regional fracture, planetary
color 100% cyan
1.5 mm
25.30 Partly buried regional fracture, planetary
.75 mm
lineweight .2 mm
25.31 Arcuate fracture, planetary
color 100% purple
1.5 mm
25.32 Partly buried arcuate fracture, planetary
.75 mm
lineweight .325 mm
25.33 Radial fracture, planetary (associated with coronae)
color 100% purple
lineweight .25 mm
Concentric fracture, planetary (associated with
25.34
coronae)
color 100% violet
lineweight .3 mm
25.35 Fold crest, planetary
color 100% red
.75 mm
lineweight .635 mm
25.36 Broad warp, planetary
color 100% red .75 mm
lineweight .25 mm
25.37 Wrinkle ridge, planetary
color 100% magenta
lineweight .25 mm
25.38 Ribbon trends, planetary
color 100% green
all lineweights .25 mm
25.39 Ridge belt, planetary 1.75
mm
color 100% red
lineweight .635 mm
Broad ridge crest, planetary (generally associated
25.40
with coronae)
color 100% red
65 lineweight .25 mm
25.41 Ridge crest, planetary (1st option) 3.0 mm
65
all lineweights
25.42 Ridge crest, planetary (2nd option) .25 mm
A252
!" #
$ #
25PLANETARY GEOLOGY FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
lineweight .25 mm
25.47 Groove (generic), planetary
lineweight .175 mm
25.67 Flow direction, planetary 30 1.5
3.0 mm
length may vary mm
all lineweights 3.5 1.875
Wind streaks, planetaryArrow points in inferred .2 mm mm mm
25.68 30
wind direction
length may vary
lineweight 6.0 mm
Area of channelized erosion and scouring, planeta- .375 mm
25.69 30
ryArrow points in direction of interpreted flow
2.75 mm
all lineweights
Area of eolian transport, planetaryArrow points in .375 mm
25.70
direction of air flow
A253
!" #
$ #
25PLANETARY GEOLOGY FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
all lineweights .25 mm
25.71 Scarp, planetaryHachures point downscarp 1.0 mm
5.0
mm
all lineweights .25 mm
Lobate scarp, planetaryHachures point down-
25.72 1.0 mm
scarp
2.0 mm
all lineweights .25 mm
25.73 Basal scarp, planetaryHachures point downscarp 1.25 mm
3.0 mm
lineweight .25 mm
25.74 Base of scarp, planetaryBarb points downscarp 1.5 mm
65
all lineweights
Dome, edifice, or circular scarp, planetary (mapped .25 mm hachure height
25.75 1.25 mm;
to scale)Hachures point downscarp
spacing 1.25 mm
all lineweights .4 mm
Very small shield, dome, or volcanic construct,
25.76
planetary (not mapped to scale)
1.5 mm
all lineweights .6 mm
Small shield, dome, or volcanic construct, planetary
25.77
(not mapped to scale)
2.5 mm
all lineweights circle diameter
Large, steep-sided shield, dome, or volcanic con- .375 mm 4.0 mm
25.78
struct, planetary (not mapped to scale)
1.625 mm 1.625 mm
all lineweights
.375 mm all barb lengths
25.79 Mesa, planetary (not mapped to scale) 1.625 mm
circle diameter
4.0 mm
all lineweights
Large shield, dome, or volcanic construct, planetary .3 mm hachure height
25.80
(mapped to scale)Hachures point downscarp 1.25 mm;
spacing 3.75 mm
all lineweights
Large cone, planetary (mapped to scale) .25 mm hachure height
25.81
Hachures point downscarp .75 mm;
spacing 3.5 mm
all lineweights .25 mm circle diameter
Knob or central peak, planetary (not mapped to 2.0 mm
25.82
scale) 1.65 mm
1.65 mm
dot diameter hachure height
Knob, planetary (mapped to scale)Bar and ball 1.25 mm .9 mm;
25.83 spacing
indicate apical fissure. Hachures point downscarp all lineweights
.25 mm 3.5 mm 2.0 mm
all lineweights hachure height
Elevated plateau, planetary (mapped to scale) .25 mm .625 mm;
25.84
Hachures point downscarp spacing
3.75 mm
2.0 mm
Steep-sided edifice, planetary (not mapped to all lineweights 3.75 mm
25.85 .25 mm
scale)
2.5 mm
short dashes .5 mm;
Steep-sided edifice, planetary (not mapped to spacing .5 mm
25.86
scale)Dotted where concealed or buried
all lineweights
.25 mm 5.0
25.87 Large edifice, planetary (not mapped to scale) mm
15.0 mm
lineweight .25 mm
25.88 Very small tholi, planetary (not mapped to scale)
2.5 mm
all lineweights
.25 mm
25.89 Small tholi, planetary (not mapped to scale)
circle diameter 3.0 mm
all lineweights
25.90 Small tholi, planetary (mapped to scale) .25 mm
lineweight .5 mm
Nova, planetary dash length
25.92 2.25 mm;
spacing .75 mm
dot diameter .875
mm; spacing
25.93 Palimpsest ring, planetary .375 mm
A254
!" #
$ #
25PLANETARY GEOLOGY FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
all lineweights .3 mm
Raised rim of larger impact crater, planetary hachure height .75
25.94 .375 mm
Hachures point into crater mm; spacing of
hachure pairs .5 mm
lineweight .3 mm
25.95 Raised rim of smaller impact crater, planetary
lineweight
Raised rim of impact crater, planetaryShowing .15 mm
25.96
visible ejecta blanket
lineweight .25 mm
Medium-sized endogenic crater (mapped to scale),
25.108
planetary dot diameter 1.0 mm
all lineweights
Large endogenic crater (mapped to scale), plane- .25 mm hachure height
25.109
tary 1.25 mm;
spacing 3.175 mm
lineweight .2 mm
Chain craters or collapsed lava tube (mapped to
25.110
scale), planetary
1.375 1.125 mm
Flow front, planetaryArrow indicates flow direc-
25.114 mm
tion arrow lineweight
lineweight .25 mm 40 .25 mm
lineweight .2 mm line color 50% black
25.115 Mountain (rugged), planetaryOrigin uncertain
A255
!" #
$ #
25PLANETARY GEOLOGY FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
pattern May also be shown in
25.118 Dark-colored ejecta, planetary 428-K red or other colors.
pattern
25.119 Light-colored ejecta, planetary 429-K
pattern
25.120 Terrace deposits, planetary 427-K
pattern
25.121 Dark-colored mantling material, planetary 214-K
(at 45)
pattern
25.123 Diffuse highland-lowland boundary scarp, planetary 134-R
pattern
Area of reticulate grooves, planetaryShowing 327-K
25.125
trend
pattern lineweight
Detached lobe, planetaryArrow points in direction 116-K .3 mm;
25.126 length
of interpreted landslide or debris flow 4.5 mm
1.75 mm 60
pattern
Low albedo smooth material, planetary 136-K
25.127
Interpreted as eolian material
pattern
25.128 Airburst spot 434-K
pattern
25.129 Mantling material, planetaryLight-colored 435-K
in 50%
black
pattern
Splotch, planetaryCircular, radar-bright halo on 116-K
25.130
surface
pattern
25.131 Reticulate pattern on plains, planetary 119-K
pattern
25.132 Fracture zone, planetary 137-K
pattern
Superficial crater material having weak radar back- 436-K
25.133
scatter coefficient, planetary
pattern
25.134 Crater-associated ejecta halo, planetary 429-K
pattern
25.135 Halo without associated crater, planetary 429-C
A256
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.1Water wells
lineweight .15 mm May also be shown in
26.1.1 Water well, type unspecified cyan or other colors.
diameter 1.75 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
26.1.2 Unused water well 3.725 mm
circle lineweight .2 mm
1.235 mm
1.125 mm
26.1.3 Capped water well
all lineweights .2 mm
1.125 mm
26.1.4 Shut-in water well 1.235 mm
all lineweights .2 mm
1.0 mm
26.1.5 Dry hole used for water exploration 1.0
mm
all lineweights .2 mm
1.0 mm
26.1.6 Well used for collection of water data
all lineweights .2 mm
H-6
Observation well used for domestic-water supply R R
26.1.12
Equipped with a recorder
bar lineweight .2 mm
26.1.13 Dry well, once used for domestic-water supply
45 3.725 mm
bar lineweights 3.725 mm
Destroyed well, once used for domestic-water sup- .2 mm
26.1.14 90
ply
3.725 mm
.6 mm
26.1.15 Test hole for well used for domestic-water supply bar lineweights 2.75 mm
.15 mm
lineweight .25 mm
26.1.16 Well used for stock-water supply
diameter 1.75 mm
20
2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.17 Flowing artesian well used for stock-water supply
arrow lineweight
.15 mm
radius .3125 mm
Nonflowing artesian well used for stock-water sup- 1.375 mm
26.1.18 lineweight
ply .175 mm
20
Recharge or waste-injection well, once used for 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.19
stock-water supply arrow lineweight
.15 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
26.1.20 Observation well used for stock-water supply
3.725 mm 45
H-6
Observation well used for stock-water supply R R
26.1.21
Equipped with a recorder
bar lineweight .2 mm
26.1.22 Dry well, once used for stock-water supply
45 3.725 mm
3.725 mm
26.1.23 Destroyed well, once used for stock-water supply bar lineweights 90
.2 mm
3.725 mm
.6 mm
26.1.24 Test hole for well used for stock-water supply bar lineweights 2.75 mm
.15 mm
A261 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.1Water wells (continued)
outer circle diameter 2.0 mm; lineweight .2 mm May also be shown in
26.1.25 Well used for irrigation-water supply cyan or other colors.
inner circle diameter 1.125 mm; lineweight .15 mm
20
Flowing artesian well used for irrigation-water sup- 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.26
ply arrow lineweight
.15 mm
radius .3125 mm
Nonflowing artesian well used for irrigation-water 1.375 mm
26.1.27 lineweight
supply .175 mm
20
Recharge or waste-injection well, once used for irri- 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.28
gation-water supply arrow lineweight
.15 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
26.1.29 Observation well used for irrigation-water supply
3.725 mm 45
H-6
Observation well used for irrigation-water supply R R
26.1.30
Equipped with a recorder
bar lineweight .2 mm
26.1.31 Dry well, once used for irrigation-water supply
45 3.725 mm
3.725 mm
Destroyed well, once used for irrigation-water sup-
26.1.32 bar lineweights 90
ply .2 mm 3.725 mm
.6 mm
26.1.33 Test hole for well used for irrigation-water supply bar lineweights 2.75 mm
.15 mm
outer circle diameter 2.0 mm; lineweight .2 mm
26.1.34 Well used for industrial-water supply
inner dot diameter 1.125 mm
20
Flowing artesian well used for industrial-water sup- 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.35
ply arrow lineweight
.15 mm
radius .3125 mm
Nonflowing artesian well used for industrial-water 1.375 mm
26.1.36 lineweight
supply .175 mm
20
Recharge or waste-injection well, once used for 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.37
industrial-water supply arrow lineweight
.15 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
26.1.38 Observation well used for industrial-water supply
3.725 mm 45
H-6
Observation well used for industrial-water supply R R
26.1.39
Equipped with a recorder
bar lineweight .2 mm
26.1.40 Dry well, once used for industrial-water supply
45 3.725 mm
3.725 mm
Destroyed well, once used for industrial-water sup-
26.1.41 bar lineweights 90
ply .2 mm 3.725 mm
.6 mm
26.1.42 Test hole for well used for industrial-water supply bar lineweights 2.75 mm
.15 mm
A262
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.1Water wells (continued)
lineweight .375 mm May also be shown in
26.1.43 Well used for public-water supply cyan or other colors.
diameter 2.0 mm
20
2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.44 Flowing artesian well used for public-water supply
arrow lineweight
.15 mm
radius .3125 mm
Nonflowing artesian well used for public-water sup- 1.375 mm
26.1.45 lineweight
ply .175 mm
20
Recharge or waste-injection well, once used for 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.1.46
public-water supply arrow lineweight
.15 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
26.1.47 Observation well used for public-water supply
3.725 mm 45
H-6
Observation well used for public-water supply R R
26.1.48
Equipped with a recorder
bar lineweight .2 mm
26.1.49 Dry well, once used for public-water supply
45 3.725 mm
3.725 mm
26.1.50 Destroyed well, once used for public-water supply bar lineweights 90
.2 mm 3.725 mm
.6 mm
26.1.51 Test hole for well used for public-water supply bar lineweights 2.75 mm
.15 mm
A263
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.2Springs
all lineweights .15 mm Rotate "tail" to point in
draft "tail" as shown
26.2.1 Spring, type of use unspecified direction of flow.
circle diameter 1.75 mm May also be shown in
bar lineweight .3 mm cyan, red, or other col-
26.2.2 Unused spring 3.725 mm ors.
circle and "tail"
lineweight .2 mm
26.2.3 Spring used for collection of water-quality data circle and "tail"
lineweight .2 mm dot diameter .375 mm
"tail" lineweight .2 mm draft "tail" as shown
26.2.4 Spring used for domestic-water supply
dot diameter 1.75 mm
H-6
26.2.5 Thermal spring used for domestic-water supply T T
H-6
M M
26.2.6 Mineral spring used for domestic-water supply
3.725 mm
26.2.7 Extinct spring, once used for domestic-water supply
bar lineweight .2 mm
"tail" lineweight .2 mm draft "tail" as shown
26.2.8 Spring used for stock-water supply
circle diameter 1.75 mm; lineweight .25 mm
H-6
26.2.9 Thermal spring used for stock-water supply T T
H-6
Mineral spring used for stock-water supply M M
26.2.10
3.725 mm
26.2.11 Extinct spring, once used for stock-water supply
bar lineweight .2 mm
inner circle diameter draft "tail" as shown
1.125 mm; lineweight "tail" lineweight
26.2.12 Spring used for irrigation-water supply .15 mm .2 mm
outer circle diameter 1.75 mm; lineweight .2 mm
H-6
26.2.13 Thermal spring used for irrigation-water supply T T
H-6
Mineral spring used for irrigation-water supply M M
26.2.14
3.725 mm
26.2.15 Extinct spring, once used for irrigation-water supply
bar lineweight .2 mm
inner dot diameter draft "tail" as shown
26.2.16 Spring used for industrial-water supply 1.125 mm "tail" lineweight
.2 mm
outer circle diameter 1.75 mm; lineweight .2 mm
H-6
26.2.17 Thermal spring used for industrial-water supply T T
H-6
M M
26.2.18 Mineral spring used for industrial-water supply
3.725 mm
26.2.19 Extinct spring, once used for industrial-water supply
bar lineweight .2 mm
"tail" lineweight .2 mm draft "tail" as shown
26.2.20 Spring used for public-water supply
circle diameter 2.0 mm; lineweight .375 mm
H-6
26.2.21 Thermal spring used for public-water supply T T
H-6
M M
26.2.22 Mineral spring used for public-water supply
3.725 mm
26.2.23 Extinct spring, once used for public-water supply
bar lineweight .2 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A264
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.3Water gaging stations
60 May also be shown in
Water gaging station, type of measurement unspe-
26.3.1 2.25 mm cyan or other colors.
cified
lineweight .15 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
26.3.2 Discontinued water gaging station 3.75 mm
triangle lineweight .2 mm
60
26.3.3 Continuous-record water gaging station 2.25 mm
60 1.5 mm
Continuous-record water gaging stationEquipped 1.25 mm "antenna"
26.3.4 60
with a telephone or radio lineweight
.875 mm .175 mm
25
Continuous-record peak-flow measurement water 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.3.5
gaging station
arrow lineweight .15 mm
25
Continuous-record low-flow measurement water 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.3.6
gaging station
arrow lineweight .15 mm
3.0 mm
Continuous-record stage-measurement water gag- 1.125 mm
26.3.7
ing station
bar lineweight .2 mm
60 [same angle for
both triangles]
26.3.8 Partial-record water gaging station (floods) 2.25 mm
1.25 mm
outer triangle lineweight .175 mm
1.25 mm 60 1.5 mm
Partial-record water gaging station (floods) 60 "antenna"
26.3.9
Equipped with a telephone or radio .875 mm
lineweight
.175 mm
25
2.0 mm 1.25 mm
Partial-record peak-flow measurement water gag-
26.3.10
ing station (floods)
arrow lineweight .15 mm
25
Partial-record low-flow measurement water gaging 2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.3.11
station (floods) arrow lineweight .15 mm
3.0 mm
Partial-record stage-measurement water gaging 1.125 mm
26.3.12
station (floods)
bar lineweight .2 mm
60
26.3.13 Measurement site without a gage 2.25 mm
lineweight .25 mm
60 1.5 mm
Measurement site without a gageEquipped with a 1.25 mm "antenna"
26.3.14 60
telephone or radio lineweight
.875 mm .175 mm
25
2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.3.15 Peak-flow measurement site without a gage
arrow lineweight .15 mm
25
2.0 mm 1.25 mm
26.3.16 Low-flow measurement site without a gage
arrow lineweight .15 mm
3.0 mm
26.3.17 Stage-measurement site without a gage 1.125 mm
bar lineweight .2 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A265
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.4Quality-of-water sites
lineweight .15 mm May also be shown in
Quality-of-water site, type of measurement unspeci-
26.4.1
fied 2.25 mm cyan or other colors.
60
triangle lineweight .2 mm
26.4.2 Inactive quality-of-water site 3.75 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
A266
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.5Geohydrologic contours
Structure contour (index), as shown on hydrologic lineweight .375 mm HI-9 On most maps, every
maps, showing altitude of top or base of, or hori- fourth or fifth contour is
26.5.1
zon within, stratigraphic unit, aquifer, or confining 600 600
bedAccurately located line and text color 100% red an index contour, and
Structure contour (index), as shown on hydrologic .5 mm usually only index con-
26.5.2 maps, showing altitude of top or base of, or hori- tours are labeled.
zon within, stratigraphic unit, aquifer, or confining 5.0 May be shown in black
bedApproximately located mm
Structure contour (intermediate), as shown on or other colors.
lineweight .275 mm
26.5.3 hydrologic maps, showing altitude of top or base
of, or horizon within, stratigraphic unit, aquifer, or
confining bedAccurately located line color 100% red
Structure contour (intermediate), as shown on .5 mm
26.5.4 hydrologic maps, showing altitude of top or base
of, or horizon within, stratigraphic unit, aquifer, or 5.0
confining bedApproximately located mm
Bedrock contour (index), as shown on hydrologic lineweight .375 mm HI-9 On most maps, every
26.5.5 maps, showing altitude of bedrock surface 600 600 fourth or fifth contour is
Accurately located line and text color 100% violet an index contour, and
Bedrock contour (index), as shown on hydrologic .5 mm usually only index con-
26.5.6 maps, showing altitude of bedrock surface tours are labeled.
5.0 May be shown in black
Approximately located mm
or other colors.
Bedrock contour (intermediate), as shown on lineweight .275 mm
26.5.7 hydrologic maps, showing altitude of bedrock
surfaceAccurately located line color 100% violet
Bedrock contour (intermediate), as shown on .5 mm
26.5.8 hydrologic maps, showing altitude of bedrock
5.0
surfaceApproximately located mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9 Use only in reference to
Water-table contour (index), showing altitude of
26.5.9 600 600 unconfined (water-
unconfined water table [date]Accurately located
line and text color 100% cyan table) conditions.
Water-table contour (index), showing altitude of .5 mm On most maps, every
26.5.10 unconfined water table [date]Approximately fourth or fifth contour is
5.0 an index contour, and
located mm
usually only index con-
Water-table contour (intermediate), showing altitude lineweight .275 mm
tours are labeled.
26.5.11 of unconfined water table [date]Accurately locat-
ed line color 100% cyan
May be shown in black
or other colors.
Water-table contour (intermediate), showing altitude .5 mm
26.5.12 of unconfined water table [date]
5.0
Approximately located mm
Potentiometric or water-level contour (index), show- lineweight .375 mm HI-9 Use in reference to
26.5.13 ing altitude at which water level would have stood 600 600 either confined (artesi-
in tightly cased wells [date]Accurately located line and text color 100% cyan an) or unconfined con-
Potentiometric or water-level contour (index), show- .5 mm ditions, when they are
26.5.14 ing altitude at which water level would have stood not differentiated on
in tightly cased wells [date]Approximately located 5.0 map.
mm
On most maps, every
Potentiometric or water-level contour (intermediate), lineweight .275 mm
fourth or fifth contour is
26.5.15 showing altitude at which water level would have an index contour, and
stood in tightly cased wells [date]Accurately located line color 100% cyan
usually only index con-
Potentiometric or water-level contour (intermediate), .5 mm tours are labeled.
26.5.16 showing altitude at which water level would have stood May be shown in black
5.0
in tightly cased wells [date]Approximately located mm or other colors.
Water-quality-zone contour (index), showing altitude of lineweight .375 mm HI-9 On most maps, every
26.5.17 top or base of, or horizon within, [type of] water-quality 600 600 fourth or fifth contour is
zone or water in aquifer [date]Accurately located line and text color 100% green an index contour, and
Water-quality-zone contour (index), showing altitude of .5 mm usually only index con-
26.5.18 top or base of, or horizon within, [type of] water-quality tours are labeled.
5.0 May be shown in black
zone or water in aquifer [date]Approximately located mm
or other colors.
Water-quality-zone contour (intermediate), showing altitude lineweight .275 mm
26.5.19 of top or base of, or horizon within, [type of] water-quality
zone or water in aquifer [date]Accurately located line color 100% green
Water-quality-zone contour (intermediate), showing altitude .5 mm
26.5.20 of top or base of, or horizon within, [type of] water-quality
5.0
zone or water in aquifer [date]Approximately located mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A267
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.6Geohydrologic lines
Line of equal, average, mean, or median (etc.) lineweight .375 mm HI-9 Negative values must
26.6.1 annual, monthly, or daily (etc.) precipitation [date] 24 24 be preceded by a minus
Accurately located line and text color 100% cyan () sign.
Line of equal, average, mean, or median (etc.) .5 mm Date needed only for
26.6.2 annual, monthly, or daily (etc.) precipitation [date] parameters that vary
5.0 with time.
Approximately located mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9 May be shown in black
Line of equal depth to geologic formation, bedrock, or other colors.
26.6.3
aquifer, or water (etc.) [date]Accurately located 100 100
line and text color 100% cyan
Line of equal depth to geologic formation, bedrock, .5 mm
26.6.4 aquifer, or water (etc.) [date]Approximately
5.0
located mm
Line of equal thickness of geologic formation, aqui- lineweight .375 mm HI-9
26.6.5 fer, confining bed, or saturated material (etc.) 50 50
[date]Accurately located line and text color 100% cyan
Line of equal thickness of geologic formation, aqui- .5 mm
26.6.6 fer, confining bed, or saturated material (etc.)
5.0
[date]Approximately located mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9
Line of equal water temperature [date]Accurately
26.6.7
located 10 10
line and text color 100% cyan
.5 mm
Line of equal water temperature [date]
26.6.8
Approximately located 5.0
mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9
Line of equal specific conductance [date]
26.6.9
Accurately located 2000 2000
line and text color 100% cyan
.5 mm
Line of equal specific conductance [date]
26.6.10
Approximately located 5.0
mm
Line of equal dissolved-solids concentration, hard- lineweight .375 mm HI-9
26.6.11 ness, or chemical-constituent concentration [date] 500 500
Accurately located line and text color 100% cyan
Line of equal dissolved-solids concentration, hard- .5 mm
26.6.12 ness, or chemical-constituent concentration [date]
5.0
Approximately located mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9
Line of equal water-level change, rise, or decline
26.6.13
[date]Accurately located 20 20
line and text color 100% cyan
.5 mm
Line of equal water-level change, rise, or decline
26.6.14
[date]Approximately located 5.0
mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9
26.6.15 Line of equal runoff [date]Accurately located 6 6
line and text color 100% cyan
.5 mm
26.6.16 Line of equal runoff [date]Approximately located
5.0
mm
lineweight .375 mm HI-9
Line of equal transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity,
26.6.17
or porosity (etc.)Accurately located 10,000 10,000
line and text color 100% cyan
.5 mm
Line of equal transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity,
26.6.18
or porosity (etc.)Approximately located 5.0
mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A268
!" #
$ #
26GEOHYDROLOGIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
26.7Miscellaneous geohydrologic features
lineweight .6 mm dash length 7.5 mm May also be shown in
Watershed basin boundary, drainage divide, or
26.7.1
surface-water basin boundary cyan or other colors.
dot diameter .625 mm; spacing .5 mm
lineweight .425 mm dash length 5.0 mm
Watershed subbasin boundary, drainage subdivide,
26.7.2
or surface-water subbasin boundary
dot diameter .45 mm; spacing .5 mm
6.75 mm
Direction of ground-water flow (1st option) 25
26.7.10 all lineweights
Approximately located 1.5 mm
.25 mm 2.75 mm
dash 1.5 mm;
Direction of ground-water flow (2nd option) space .5 mm
26.7.11
Approximately located
A269
!" #
$ #
27WEATHER STATIONS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
2.0 mm 2.0 mm
27.1 Weather station, type of measurement unspecified
all lineweights .15 mm
bar lineweight .3 mm
27.2 Discontinued weather station "foursquare"
3.75 mm
lineweight .2 mm
60 1.5 mm "antenna"
Snow-survey courseEquipped with a telephone 1.25 mm lineweight
27.3 60 .175 mm
or radio "foursquare"
lineweight .2 mm .875 mm
H-6
R R
27.4 Snow-survey courseEquipped with a recorder
27.13 H-6
Equipped with a telephone or radio
27.14
Equipped with a recorder
5.0 mm
Weather station measuring wind velocity arrow 25
27.15 lineweight
Equipped with a telephone or radio .175 mm 1.25 mm
1.25 mm
A271
!" #
$ #
28TRANSPORTATION FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
May be used on non-
28.1 Highway (generic) topographic maps to
lineweight .325 mm; line color 70% black show highways and
streets.
28.2 Road or street (generic)
lineweight .25 mm; line color 50% black
outlines: lineweight .125 mm in 100% black
28.3 Primary highway, undivided (Class 1) .5 mm
fill: lineweight .5 mm; line color 100% red
lineweights .125 mm
28.13 Unimproved road (Class 4) .5 mm
dash length 1.25 mm; space .5 mm
lineweights .125 mm HI-5
4WD 4WD
28.14 Four-wheel-drive road (Class 5) .5 mm
dash length 1.25 mm; space .5 mm
lineweight .15 mm
28.15 Trail
dash length 1.25 mm; space .5 mm
H-6 (100% red)
28.16 Interstate route marker 70 70 lineweight .2 mm;
draft as shown
line color 100% red
H-6 (100% red)
28.17 U.S. route marker 25 25 lineweight .2 mm;
draft as shown
line color 100% red
H-6 (100% red)
28.18 State route marker 36 circle diameter 36 lineweight .2 mm;
4.375 mm line color 100% red
all lineweights .125 mm
28.19 Railroad (single track) 1.0 mm
5.0
mm
all lineweights .125 mm 5.0
Railroad (more than one track)Showing number 1.325
mm
28.20 .5 mm
of tracks 4 TRACKS mm 4 TRACKS
HI-5
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A281
!" #
$ #
29BOUNDARIES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
long dash lineweight
29.1 BoundaryNational %&' #' 6.35 mm; %&' #' .4 mm
'(&) short dashes 1.75
mm; space .835 mm
'(&) T-9
long dash lineweight
29.2 BoundaryState, territory '*+#,# 6.35 mm; '*+#,# .3 mm
,## short dashes 1.75 ,##
mm; space .835 mm T-8
long dash lineweight
29.3
BoundaryCounty, parish, Alaska borough, muni- -% *). 6.35 mm; -% *). .25 mm
cipio, judicial division ')&) short dash 1.75 ')&)
mm; space .835 mm T-7
lineweight .175 mm
BoundaryCivil township, town, district, precinct,
29.4
barrio
dash length 4.325 mm; space .835 mm
lineweight .175 mm
BoundaryIncorporated city, village, town, bor-
29.5
ough, or hamlet long dash 2.0 mm; short dash 1.0 mm;
space .5 mm
BoundaryNational or state park, monument, res- lineweight .175 mm dot diameter .25 mm
29.6 ervation, forest, grassland, wilderness area, or
wildlife refuge; Hawaii Homestead, Forest Reserve dash length 6.35 mm; space 2.5 mm
lineweight .125 mm
29.7 BoundarySmall park
dash length 1.0 mm; space .5 mm
lineweight .3 mm HI-5
CONTINENTAL CONTINENTAL
29.8 Continental Divide
DIVIDE DIVIDE
dash 10.0 mm; space 2.5 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A291
!" #
$ #
30TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
30.1Topographic, bathymetric, and glacier contours
lineweight .25 mm HI-6 On most maps, every
30.1.1 Index topographic contour (1st option) 300 300 fourth or fifth contour is
line and text color 100% brown an index contour.
1.75 mm HI-6 Usually only index and
Index topographic contour (1st option) supplementary contours
30.1.2 200 200
Approximate or indefinite are labeled.
.5 mm
lineweight .15 mm Negative values must
30.1.3 Intermediate topographic contour (1st option) be preceded by a minus
() sign.
line color 100% brown
1.75 mm
Intermediate topographic contour (1st option)
30.1.4
Approximate or indefinite
.5 mm
lineweight .2 mm HI-6
30.1.5 Supplementary topographic contour (1st option) 185 185
line and text color 100% brown
1.75 mm HI-6
Supplementary topographic contour (1st option)
30.1.6 145 145
Approximate or indefinite
.5 mm
tick lineweight contour Hachures are added to
.15 mm; lineweight
30.1.7 Index topographic depression contour (1st option) length .5 mm; .25 mm indicate closed areas of
spacing 3.0 mm line color 100% brown low values.
tick length .5 mm; all lineweights .15 mm
Intermediate topographic depression contour (1st spacing 3.0 mm
30.1.8
option)
line color 100% brown
tick lineweight contour
Supplementary topographic depression contour .15 mm; lineweight
30.1.9 .2 mm
(1st option) length .5 mm;
spacing 3.0 mm line color 100% brown
tick spacing 1.0 mm
Topographic depression contours (1st option) on lowest contour; (lineweights,
30.1.10 on next contour, etc., are
Showing tick spacing of adjacent contours 2.0 mm; on all
others, 3.0 mm given above)
lineweight .25 mm HI-6 On most maps, every
30.1.11 Index topographic contour (2nd option) 300 300 fourth or fifth contour is
line and text color 50% black an index contour.
1.75 mm HI-6 Usually only index and
Index topographic contour (2nd option) supplementary contours
30.1.12 200 200
Approximate or indefinite are labeled.
.5 mm
lineweight .15 mm Negative values must
30.1.13 Intermediate topographic contour (2nd option) be preceded by a minus
() sign.
line color 50% black
1.75 mm
Intermediate topographic contour (2nd option)
30.1.14
Approximate or indefinite
.5 mm
lineweight .2 mm HI-6
30.1.15 Supplementary topographic contour (2nd option) 185 185
line and text color 50% black
1.75 mm HI-6
Supplementary topographic contour (2nd option)
30.1.16 145 145
Approximate or indefinite
.5 mm
tick lineweight contour Hachures are added to
.15 mm; lineweight
30.1.17 Index topographic depression contour (2nd option) length .5 mm; .25 mm indicate closed areas of
spacing 3.0 mm line color 50% black low values.
tick length .5 mm; all lineweights .15 mm
Intermediate topographic depression contour (2nd spacing 3.0 mm
30.1.18
option)
line color 50% black
tick lineweight contour
Supplementary topographic depression contour .15 mm; lineweight
30.1.19 .2 mm
(2nd option) length .5 mm;
spacing 3.0 mm line color 50% black
tick spacing 1.0 mm
Topographic depression contours (2nd option) on lowest contour; (lineweights,
30.1.20 on next contour, etc., are
Showing tick spacing of adjacent contours 2.0 mm; on all given above)
others, 3.0 mm
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A301
!" #
$ #
30TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
30.1Topographic, bathymetric, and glacier contours (continued)
lineweight .275 mm HI-6 On most maps, every
30.1.21 Index primary bathymetric contour 250 250 fourth or fifth contour is
an index contour.
5.0 HI-6 Do not break contours
mm for contour values.
30.1.22 Index primary bathymetric contourApproximate 150 150
1.5 mm Bathymetric contour val-
lineweight .175 mm HI-6
ues are always given in
30.1.23 Primary bathymetric contour 50 50
"below sea-level" units,
so they are not preced-
ed by a minus () sign.
5.0 HI-6
mm
30.1.24 Primary bathymetric contourApproximate 25 25
1.5 mm
lineweight .2 mm HI-6 (100%
30.1.25 Supplementary bathymetric contour 12 12 black)
line color 40% black
5.0 HI-6 (100%
mm
30.1.26 Supplementary bathymetric contourApproximate 8 8 black)
1.5 mm
lineweight .25 mm HI-6 (100%
30.1.27 Index bathymetric contour 20 20 black)
line color 100% cyan
5.0 HI-6 (100%
mm
30.1.28 Index bathymetric contourApproximate 10 10 black)
1.5 mm
lineweight .15 mm HI-6 (100%
30.1.29 Intermediate bathymetric contour 2 2 black)
line color 100% cyan
5.0 HI-6 (100%
mm
30.1.30 Intermediate bathymetric contourApproximate 1 1 black)
1.5 mm
tick lineweight contour Hachures are added to
.175 mm; lineweight
30.1.31 Index primary bathymetric depression contour length .375 mm .275 mm the lowest contour(s) to
(spacing varies) indicate a closed area
of low values (depres-
Index primary bathymetric rise contour (inside de- sion) and also an area
30.1.32
pression) of higher value (rise)
inside a depression.
tick length all lineweights
30.1.33 Primary bathymetric depression contour .375 mm .175 mm
(spacing varies)
all lineweights
tick length .15 mm
30.1.39 Intermediate bathymetric depression contour .375 mm
(spacing varies) line color 100% cyan
$ #
30TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE
30.1Topographic, bathymetric, and glacier contours (continued)
lineweight .225 mm On most maps, every
30.1.45 Index contour on glacier or permanent snowfield fourth or fifth contour is
line color 100% cyan an index contour.
2.5 mm
Index contour on glacier or permanent snowfield
30.1.46
Approximate or indefinite
.5 mm
lineweight .125 mm
Intermediate contour on glacier or permanent
30.1.47
snowfield
line color 100% cyan
2.5 mm
Intermediate contour on glacier or permanent
30.1.48
snowfieldApproximate or indefinite
.5 mm
tick lineweight contour Hachures are added to
Index depression contour on glacier or permanent .15 mm; lineweight
30.1.49 length .5 mm; .225 mm indicate closed areas of
snowfield
spacing 3.0 mm line color 100% cyan low values.
tick length .5 mm; all lineweights .125 mm
Intermediate depression contour on glacier or per- spacing 3.0 mm
30.1.50
manent snowfieldApproximate or indefinite
line color 100% cyan
*For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
A303
!" #
$ #
30TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
30.2Drainage features
TI-8 (100% Letter size and spacing
Perennial river, stream, or creek (single-line drain- Colm a Creek Colma Creek black)
30.2.1 may be increased along
age)
lineweight .2 mm line color 100% cyan longer features.
lineweight long dash length 4.3
30.2.2
Intermittent river, stream, creek, or wash (single- .2 mm mm; very short
line drainage) dash, .2 mm;
color 100% cyan spacing .6 mm
TI-8 (100% color fill Letter size and spacing
Perennial river, stream, or creek (double-line drain- 20% cyan
30.2.3 Yuba River black) Yuba River may be increased along
age) spacing
wider features.
all lineweights .2 mm may vary
H-6
30.2.4 River mileage marker Mile 49 Mile 49
lineweight .2 mm
30.2.5
Intermittent river, stream, creek, or wash (double- pattern
line drainage) 132-C
HI-6
HIGHLINE CANAL HIGHLINE CANAL (100%
30.2.7 Canal or ditch (single-line drainage) cyan)
lineweight .2 mm
color fill
ERIE CANAL ERIE CANAL 20% cyan
30.2.8 Canal or ditch (double-line drainage)
spacing
all lineweights .2 mm may vary
H-6 (100%
Lock 1.25 Lock black)
30.2.9 Canal lock (single-line drainage) (1st option) mm
lineweight .35 mm
Lock Lock
30.2.10 Canal lock (single-line drainage) (2nd option)
Lock Lock
30.2.11 Canal lock (double-line drainage)
lineweight .35 mm width may vary
H-6 (100%
Floodgate Floodgate black)
30.2.12 Floodgate
lineweight .35 mm
H-6 (100%
Tidegate Tidegate black)
30.2.13 Tidegate
lineweight .35 mm
H-6 (100%
Sluice Gate Sluice Gate black)
30.2.14 Sluice gate
lineweight .35 mm
H-6 (100%
Fish Ladder Fish Ladder black)
30.2.15 Fish ladder
lineweight .5 mm length may vary
HI-6 (100%
AQUEDUCT AQUEDUCT cyan)
30.2.16 Aqueduct (single-line drainage)
lineweight .2 mm
color fill
AQUEDUCT AQUEDUCT 20% cyan
30.2.17 Aqueduct (double-line drainage) spacing
all lineweights .2 mm may vary
AQUEDUCT AQUEDUCT
30.2.18 Underground or underwater aqueduct
dash length 1.25 mm; spacing .5 mm
HI-6
ABOVEGROUND PIPELINE ABOVEGROUND PIPELINE (100%
30.2.19 Aboveground water pipeline
cyan)
HI-6 (100%
PIPELINE PIPELINE cyan)
30.2.20 Underground or submerged water pipeline
dash length 1.25 mm; spacing .5 mm
HI-6 (100%
ELEVATED wing length ELEVATED cyan)
30.2.21 Elevated water pipeline .575 mm;
angle 45 all lineweights .2 mm
HI-6 (100%
FLUME FLUME cyan)
30.2.22 Flume
HI-6 (100%
SIPHON SIPHON cyan)
30.2.23 Siphon
dash length 1.25 mm; spacing .5 mm
HI-6 (100%
PENSTOCK PENSTOCK cyan)
30.2.24 Penstock
A304 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
30TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
30.2Drainage features (continued)
TBI-7 (100% all lineweights .2 mm
30.2.25 Falls (single-line drainage) Falls
black)
Falls
line color 100% cyan 1.25 mm
.6 mm
30.2.27 Rapids (single-line drainage) Rapids Rapids
1.25 mm
color fill
30.2.29 ShorelineShowing open water 20% cyan
line color
100% cyan lineweight .2 mm
pattern
231-C
30.2.35 Land subject to inundation (@90%)
color fill
Reservoir with natural shoreline 20% cyan
30.2.36
line color
100% cyan
lineweight .15 mm
pattern 214-K
(@45) [pattern
30.2.40 Covered water storage reservoir overprints 20%
lineweight .15 mm cyan color fill]
H-7 line color
30.2.41 Salt flat Salt Salt 100% cyan
Flat Flat
lineweight .2 mm
line color
dash length 100% cyan
30.2.42 Carolina bay 1.75 mm;
spacing .5 mm lineweight .2 mm
H-7 pattern 232-B
Tailings Tailings
30.2.43 Tailings pond Pond Pond dash length 1.75
line color mm; spacing .5
100% brown mm; lineweight .2 mm
color 100% cyan
30.2.44 Outline of glacier or permanent snowfield dash length 1.75
lineweight .2 mm mm; spacing .5 mm
pattern 522-C
30.2.45
Outline of glacier or permanent snowfieldForm (rotated
lines show glacial trend perpendicular
to glacial trend)
pattern
30.2.46 Marsh, wetland, swamp, or bog 420-C
pattern
30.2.47 Mangrove area 424-C
pattern
30.2.48 Rice field 423-C
A305 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
30TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES (continued)
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
30.3Miscellaneous topographic and hydrographic features
Open pit mine or quarry, as shown on topographic H-7
Quarry Quarry
30.3.1 maps or on general-purpose or smaller scale
maps draft as shown
Gravel, sand, clay, or borrow pit, as shown on topo- H-7 2.235 mm
Gravel Pit Gravel Pit
30.3.2 graphic maps or on general-purpose or smaller
scale maps .75 mm lineweight .15 mm
Adit or mine tunnel entrance, as shown on topo- H-7 2.225 mm Rotate symbol so that
30.3.3 graphic maps or on general-purpose or smaller Mine Mine 1.175 mm long line points in direc-
all lineweights 55
scale maps .15 mm 1.75 mm tion of cave or mine
H-7
entrance.
30.3.4
Cave entrance, as shown on topographic maps or Cave Cave
on general-purpose or smaller scale maps
A306 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
31MISCELLANEOUS MAP ELEMENTS
REF NO DESCRIPTION SYMBOL CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS* NOTES ON USAGE*
On larger scale maps
31.1 Township and range lineDefinite line and text color 100% red (for example, 1:24,000
scale), usually every
lineweight .275 mm
section (nos. 136) is
31.2 Township and range lineLocation approximate H-7 numbered.
R 44 E On smaller scale maps
lineweight (for example, 1:100,000
.15 mm scale), usually only cor-
31.3 Township label T 32 N 6 5 ner sections (nos. 1, 6,
T 32 N 31, 36) are numbered
H-10 (type size may be de-
31.4 Range label R 44 E creased if necessary).
Every township and
7 8 range, regardless of
31.5 Section lineDefinite scale, should be num-
bered.
May also be shown in
31.6 Section lineLocation approximate lineweight .15 mm;
50% black, especially if
dash length 2.5 mm; contours or other base-
lineweight .275 mm; space .5 mm
dash length 2.5 mm; map information is
space .5 mm shown in 50% black
31.7 Section number 5 (see Section 30.1).
lineweight .25 mm
31.8 Map neatline
H-8
Map neatlineShowing latitude or longitude tick 4037'30" 4037'30" 2.0
31.9
and value mm
lineweight .25 mm
lineweight .2 mm
31.10 Cross section line and label A' A'
A A TBI-12
lineweight .175 mm
31.11 Leader
50%
31.17 Area of outcrop (4th option) red
pattern
31.18 Area of outcrop in surficial deposits (1st option) 134-K
pattern
31.19 Area of outcrop in surficial deposits (2nd option) 134-K
in 50%
black
pattern
31.20 Area of outcrop in surficial deposits (3rd option) 134-R
A311
!" #
$ #
32GEOLOGIC AGE SYMBOL FONT ("FGDCGeoAge")
REF NO STRATIGRAPHIC AGE SUBDIVISION TYPE AGE SYMBOL* KEYBOARD POSITION FOR "FGDCGeoAge" FONT*
32.21 Late Proterozoic Era Z No keyboard substitution needed (or, use Helvetica)
32.22 Middle Proterozoic Era Y No keyboard substitution needed (or, use Helvetica)
A321
!" #
$ #
32GEOLOGIC AGE SYMBOL FONT ("FGDCGeoAge") (continued)
REF NO STRATIGRAPHIC AGE SUBDIVISION TYPE AGE SYMBOL* KEYBOARD POSITION FOR "FGDCGeoAge" FONT*
32.26 Early Proterozoic Era X No keyboard substitution needed (or, use Helvetica)
32.31 Late Archean Era W No keyboard substitution needed (or, use Helvetica)
32.32 Middle Archean Era V No keyboard substitution needed (or, use Helvetica)
32.33 Early Archean Era U No keyboard substitution needed (or, use Helvetica)
A322
!" #
$ #
33SUGGESTED RANGES OF MAP-UNIT COLORS FOR VOLCANIC AND PLUTONIC ROCKS AND FOR
STRATIGRAPHIC AGES OF SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS
CMYK* values (K = 0): A = 8%; 1 = 13%; 2 = 20%; 3 = 30%; 4 = 40%; 5 = 50%; 6 = 60%; 7 = 70%; X = 100%
33.1Suggested range of map-unit colors for volcanic and plutonic rocks*
010 030 050 070 0X0 057 07X 036 047 05X
A60 270 3X0 150 370 5X0 033 055 077 0XX
33.2Suggested range of map-unit colors for stratigraphic ages of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks*
Q
007 001 0A6 005 003
T
037 0A3 A4X A37 026 014 A25 024
K
507 104 517 415 406 305
J
604 202 705 504 303
^
602 20A 6A3 402 301
P
600 300 701 501 40A
*
620 4A0 72A 61A 510
M
431 21A 531 42A 32A
D
540 220 650 440 330
S
350 A20 460 34A 230
O
051 02A A51 041 031
_
054 022 A54 043 A33
A331 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
34STATE LOCATION MAPS
CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS NOTES ON USAGE
State location maps are at various scales; projection is Albers Equal-Area,
H-4.5 based on parallels 29 1/2 and 45 1/2.
Maps are modified from the United States Base Map (U.S. Geological Survey,
KAUAI
1965, scale 1:3,168,000) and the Digital Shaded-Relief Image of Alaska (J.R.
OAHU
Riehle and others, 1997, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations
ALABAMA Map I-2585, scale 1:2,500,000; see fig. 2, approximate scale 1:8,000,000).
To show a quadrangle or map-area location, place a small black-filled rectangle
HAWAII
( ) or polygon ( ) that shows the approximate location within state (adjust
H-6 HAWAII
size and shape accordingly). Reposition state name if necessary.
If a quadrangle or map-area location is within two or more adjoining states, cre-
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION ate one new location map that contains each state by extracting states from
location map of 48 conterminous states (see Section 34.2). Rotate new location
H-6.5 map so that it is approximately horizontal, and resize it so that it is about 22.5
maximum map height
all lineweights .125 mm approximately 20 mm cm high. Add rectangle or polygon showing location of mapped area, then add
names to each state. Center "MAP LOCATION" below new location map.
34.1Individual states; District of Columbia; Guam; Puerto Rico; U.S. Virgin Islands
ALASKA
ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS
DISTRICT
CONNECTICUT OF
CALIF. COLORADO COLUMBIA
DEL.
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
KAUAI
OAHU
GUAM
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
HAWAII IDAHO
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
ILLINOIS INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS KENTUCKY
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
MASSACHUSETTS
MAINE
MICHIGAN
LOUISIANA MARYLAND
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
A341
!" #
$ #
34STATE LOCATION MAPS (continued)
34.1Individual states; District of Columbia; Guam; Puerto Rico; U.S. Virgin Islands (continued)
MINNESOTA
MISS.
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
NEVADA
N.J. NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
N.H.
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
NORTH OHIO
NORTH DAKOTA OKLAHOMA OREGON
CAROLINA
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
RHODE
PENNSYLVANIA ISLAND SOUTH
PUERTO CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
RICO
ST. JOHN
VERMONT
ST. THOMAS
TEXAS
U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS UTAH
TENNESSEE
ST. CROIX
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
WISCONSIN
WASHINGTON
WYOMING
W. VA.
VIRGINIA
MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION MAP LOCATION
A342
!" #
$ #
34STATE LOCATION MAPS (continued)
34.2Conterminous states
A343
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES
CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS
2 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT:
H-7 H-6
5.0
1.0 SCALE 1: 25 000 mm
mm
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT:
5.0
SCALE 1:24 000 mm
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
2.5
mm CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET H-8
SUPPLEMENTARY CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
H-7
Metric English
1 mile (mi) = 63,360 inches (in) 1 millimeter (mm) = 1/10 cm = 0.039 in
= 5,280 feet (ft) = 1/1000 m
1 kilometer (km) = 3,280.833 ft 1 centimeter (cm) = 10 mm = 0.393 in
= 0.62137 mi = 1/100 m
1 meter (m) = 100 cm = 39.37 in
= 1,000 mm or 3.28 ft
= 1/1,000 km or 0.00062 mi
1 kilometer (km) = 1,000 m = 3,280.833 ft
= 100,000 cm or 0.62137 mi
= 1,000,000 mm
A351
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
1:20 000, 1:24 000, 1:25 000, 1:31 250, 1:31 680
SCALE 1: 20 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 20 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 25 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 25 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 31 250
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 31 250
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 31 680
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1: 31 680
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
A352
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
1:48 000, 1:50 000, 1:62 500, 1:63 360, 1:72 000
SCALE 1: 48 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 48 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 50 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 50 000
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 62 500
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 62 500
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
3000 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000 24000 27000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 63 360
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 63 360
1 1/ 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
3000 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000 24000 27000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 72 000
1 1/2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 72 000
1 1/2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
3000 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000 24000 27000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
A353
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
1:75 000, 1:96 000, 1:100 000, 1:125 000, 1:150 000, 1:250 000, 1:400 000, 1:500 000, 1:750 000
SCALE 1: 75 000
1 1/2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 75 000
1 1/2 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES
3000 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000 24000 27000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 96 000
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MILES
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 KILOMETERS
SCALE 1: 96 000
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MILES
3000 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000 24000 27000 30000 FEET
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 KILOMETERS
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 KILOMETERS
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 KILOMETERS
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 KILOMETERS
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 KILOMETERS
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS
A354
SCALE 1:12 000
1/2 0 1/2 1 MILE
.5 0 .5 1 KILOMETER
.5 0 .5 1KILOMETER
25 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS
A355
SCALE 1: 2 500 000
50 0 50 100 150 200 250 MILES
$ #
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
BAR SCALE CALCULATIONS MILES (1 mile = 63,360 inches)
63,360 inches = 1 mile Let SCALE (12 000) be in inches 63 360 = 12 000 63 360 x = 12 000
Show in ratio as ... Fractional scale says 1 inch represents 12,000 in
1 x 63 360 63 360
63 360 inches Let x be miles that 1 inch represents on map
Show in ratio as ... x = 12 000 (SCALE)
1 miles 12 000 inches 63 360
x miles x = 0.1893939
A356
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
BAR SCALE CALCULATIONS MILES (1 mile = 63,360 inches)continued
1:250 000 1 inch 250 000 in 63 360 = 250 000 3.945707 25 3.945707 = 25
6.336
1 x 1 y
63 360 = 400 000 6.3131313 = 40
1:400 000 1 inch 400 000 in 6.3131313 40 6.336
1 x 1 y
1:500 000 1 inch 500 000 in 63 360 = 500 000 7.8914141 50 7.8914141 = 50 6.336
1 x 1 y
1:750 000 1 inch 750 000 in 63 360 = 750 000 11.837121 60 11.837121 = 60 5.068
1 x 1 y
63 360 = 1 000 000 15.782828 = 125
1:1 000 000 1 inch 1 000 000 in 15.782828 125 7.920
1 x 1 y
1:2 000 000 1 inch 2 000 000 in 63 360 = 2 000 000 31.565656 250 31.565656 = 250 7.920
1 x 1 y
1:2 500 000 1 inch 2 500 000 in 63 360 = 2 500 000 39.45707 300 39.45707 = 300 7.603
1 x 1 y
1:5 000 000 1 inch 5 000 000 in 63 360 = 5 000 000 78.914141 600 78.914141 = 600 7.603
1 x 1 y
1:7 500 000 1 inch 7 500 000 in 63 360 = 7 500 000 118.37121 600 118.37121 = 600 5.068
1 x 1 y
1:10 000 000 1 inch 10 000 000 in 63 360 = 10 000 000 157.82828 1100 157.82828 = 1100 6.969
1 x 1 y
To find miles per inch on 1: 250 000 map . . . Solution . . . 63 360 x = 250 000 1
63,360 inches = 1 mile Let SCALE (250 000) be in inches 63 360 = 250 000 63 360 x = 250 000
Show in ratio as ... Fractional scale says 1 inch represents 250,000 in
1 x 63 360 63 360
63 360 inches Let x be miles that 1 inch represents on map
Show in ratio as ... x = 250 000 (SCALE)
1 miles 250 000 inches 63 360
x miles x = 3.945707
A357
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
BAR SCALE CALCULATIONS FEET (1 foot = 12 inches)
A358
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
BAR SCALE CALCULATIONS KILOMETERS (1 kilometer = 100,000 centimeters)
1:125 000 1 cm 125 000 cm 100 000 = 125 000 1.250 12 1.250 = 12 9.600 96.00
1 x 1 y
1:150 000 1 cm 150 000 cm 100 000 = 150 000 1.500 12 1.500 = 12 8.000 80.00
1 x 1 y
To find kilometers per centimeter on 1: 12 000 map . . . Solution . . . 100 000 x = 12 000 1
100 000 centimeters = 1 kilometer Let SCALE (12 000) be in centimeters 100 000 = 12 000 100 000 x = 12 000
Show in ratio as ... Fractional scale says 1 centimeter represents
1 x 100 000 100 000
100 000 centimeters 12,000 centimeters
Let x be kilometers that 1 cm represents on map x = 12 000 (SCALE)
1 kilometers
Show in ratio as ... 100 000
12 000 centimeters
x = 0.120
x kilometers
A359
!" #
$ #
35BAR SCALES (continued)
BAR SCALE CALCULATIONS KILOMETERS (1 kilometer = 100,000 centimeters)continued
TO FIND KILO- TO FIND TOTAL TOTAL SCALE
SCALE TO MAP KILOMETERS PER
TOTAL
SCALE LENGTH IN
FRACTIONAL REPRESENTATION CENTIMETER (CM) METERS KILOMETERS LENGTH IN
(x in ratio) PER CENTIMETERS (y in ratio)
SCALE Scale represents SCALE
ON CENTI- MILLI-
Use ratio or Kilometers on scale
Unit : Map Unit Use ratio below or
100 000
CM SCALE below Kilometers per cm METERS METERS
100.000 = 1500
1:10 000 000 1 cm 10 000 000 cm 100 000 =10 000 000 100.000 1500 15.000 150.00
1 x 1 y
To find kilometers per centimeter on 1: 250 000 map . . . Solution . . . 100 000 x = 250 000 1
100 000 centimeters = 1 kilometer Let SCALE (250 000) be in centimeters 100 000 = 250 000 100 000 x = 250 000
Show in ratio as ... Fractional scale says 1 centimeter represents
1 x 100 000 100 000
100 000 centimeters 250,000 centimeters
Let x be kilometers that 1 cm represents on map x = 250 000 (SCALE)
1 kilometers
Show in ratio as ... 100 000
250 000 centimeters
x = 2.5
x kilometers
A3510
!" #
$ #
36MEAN DECLINATION ARROWS
CARTOGRAPHIC SPECIFICATIONS NOTES ON USAGE
10 H-6 (14, /, ); H-4 (1, 2) Because magnetic declination changes over
time, the degree of declination should be
14 1/2 dot diameter .275 mm; spacing .4 mm
determined at the time of publication, and
2.25 mm
the year of the declination measurement
should be changed to the year of publication.
H
TRUE NORTH
ORT
arrow lineweight .15 mm; length 17.75 mm
In northern latitudes where the change in
IC N
declination can be significant, it may be
NET
H-4; tracking 50/1000 em helpful to also note what the degree of decli-
MAG
H-5; tracking 50/1000 em nation was at the time of mapping, especial-
.75 mm APPROXIMATE MEAN ly if the geologic information was gathered
DECLINATION, 2006 several years before the date of publication.
MAGNETI C NORTH
TH
TH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
MAG NET IC NOR
MAG NET IC NOR
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
NO RT H
NO RT H
H
IC NO RT
IC NO RT
IC NO RT
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
MA GNE TIC NOR
MA GN ET IC
MA GN ETI C
MA GN ET IC
MA GN ET
MA GN ET
MA GN ET
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
RT H
N O R TH
N O R TH
N O R TH
H
IC NO RT
NORT
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TI C NO
TI C NO
ET IC
ET IC
E TI C
E T IC
MA GN ET
M AG NE
M AG NE
M AG N
M AG N
MAGN
MAGN
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
TH
TH
TH
H
NORT
NORT
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
OR
OR
NOR
NOR
OR
IC N
IC N
IC N
E T IC
N E T IC
N E T IC
N E T IC
NET
NET
NET
MAGN
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
RTH
H
TH
TH
H
TH
TRUE NORTH
ORT
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
ORT
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
NOR
OR
NOR
OR
NO
IC N
IC N
IC N
IC N
IC
E T IC
IC
NET
NET
NET
NET
NET
NET
GN
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MA
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
A361
!" #
$ #
36MEAN DECLINATION ARROWS (continued)
36.1Magnetic north, east of true north (continued)
RTH
RTH
RTH
H
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
RT
RT
RT
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
IC
ET
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
H
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
H
H
H
H
TRUE NORTH
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
H
H
H
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
H
H
H
H
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
IC
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
H
H
H
H
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
IC
IC
C
IC
IC
C
C
TI
TI
TI
ET
ET
ET
ET
NE
NE
NE
GN
GN
GN
GN
AG
AG
AG
MA
MA
MA
MA
M
M
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
A362
!" #
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36MEAN DECLINATION ARROWS (continued)
36.2Magnetic north, west of true north
MAGNETI C NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TH
TH
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
MA GN ET IC
MA GN ET IC
MA GN ET
MA GN ET
MA GN ET
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
IC NO RT
IC NO RT
IC NO RT
NO RT H
NO RT H
NO RT H
TH
H
H
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
M AG N
MAGN
M AG N
MAGN
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
ET IC
E T IC
E TI C
ET IC
TI C NO
TI C NO
IC NO RT
NORT
N O R TH
N O R TH
N O R TH
RT H
RT H
H
H
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
1
111/2 12 121/2 13 13 /2 14 14 /2
1
MAG
MAGN
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
N E T IC
N E T IC
NET
NET
NET
N E T IC
E T IC
IC N
IC N
IC N
NORT
NORT
NOR
NOR
OR
OR
ORT
TH
TH
TH
TH
H
H
H
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
15 151/2 16 161/2 17 17 /2
1
18
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
MAG
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
NET
NET
NET
NET
NET
NET
NET
IC N
IC N
IC N
IC
IC N
IC
IC
NOR
NOR
NOR
ORT
OR
ORT
OR
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
H
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
1
20 /2
1
18 /2
1
19 19 /2 20 21 21 /2
1
MA
MA
MA
MA
TRUE NORTH
MA
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
MA
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
MA
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
GN
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
E T IC
ET
IC
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
RT
RTH
RTH
RTH
RTH
RT
RT
H
APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006 DECLINATION, 2006
22 /2
1
22
TRUE NORTH
TRUE NORTH
MA
MA
GN
GN
ET
ET
IC
IC
NO
NO
RT
RT
H
A363
!" #
$ #
37LITHOLOGIC PATTERNS
[Lithologic patterns are usually reserved for use on stratigraphic columns, sections, or charts]
37.1Sedimentary-rock lithologic patterns
A371
!" #
$ #
37LITHOLOGIC PATTERNS (continued)
[Lithologic patterns are usually reserved for use on stratigraphic columns, sections, or charts]
37.1Sedimentary-rock lithologic patterns (continued)
A372
!" #
$ #
37LITHOLOGIC PATTERNS (continued)
[Lithologic patterns are usually reserved for use on stratigraphic columns, sections, or charts]
37.2Metamorphic-rock, igneous-rock, and vein-matter lithologic patterns
A373
!" #
$ #
38EXPLANATION FOR PATTERN CHART
DISCUSSION*
This diagram provides some basic information on how to use the new Pattern Chart, which is enclosed in the sleeve on the inside back cover of
this standard volume. For more specific information on the use of patterns (and color) on geologic maps, see Section 5, entitled "Guidelines for
Map Color and Pattern Selection," in the accompanying introductory text.
Most patterns on this new chart were designed (in Adobe Illustrator 8.0.1) to closely replicate patterns in the informal "Technical Cartographic
Standards" volume (U.S. Geological Survey, ca. 1975). In some cases, however, lineweights of pattern elements had to be increased to facilitate
higher resolution (1800 dpi) digital output; therefore, some patterns may not plot or print correctly if output at lower resolutions.
Each pattern has been assigned a new pattern number (see below each box). In addition, each pattern now has associated with it a generic
look-up table number that can be used to access a pattern if it has been incorporated into a patternset.
DESCRIPTION
Abbreviations used in pattern numbers: K, black; C, cyan; M, magenta; DO, dropout; R, red; B, brown
Overprint patterns have white background Pattern is in front. One bounding box (having Fill and Stroke set to 'None') is in back
White background is transparent (underlying map-unit color will be visible)
Dropout patterns have black background Pattern is in front. Two bounding boxes are in back: box directly beneath pattern has Fill set
to 100% black and Stroke set to 'None'; box to rear has both Fill and Stroke set to 'None'
Black background represents underlying map-unit color. If white pattern is used "as is," it will
knock out the underlying map-unit color; if pattern is changed to one of the CMYK values in
the underlying map-unit color, it will knock out the other CMYK value(s) in map-unit color
Pattern number
IGNEOUS PATTERNS (Series 300) Generic lookup-table number
shown below box shown in upper left-hand
301 302 303 304 corner of box (can be used
to access a particular
pattern from a patternset)
A381 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #
$ #
39EXPLANATION FOR CMYK COLOR CHART
DISCUSSION*
This diagram explains how to use the new CMYK Color Chart, which is enclosed in the sleeve on the inside back cover of this standard volume.
For more specific information on the use of color (and patterns) on geologic maps, see Section 5, entitled "Guidelines for Map Color and Pattern
Selection," in the accompanying introductory text.
This new CMYK Color Chart was designed in Adobe Illustrator 8.0.1 (Macintosh) to closely replicate the colors on the U.S. Geological Survey's
original offset-printed process-ink color chart, entitled "Printing Colors and Screens in Use by the U.S. Geological Survey for Geologic and
Hydrologic Maps" [yellow/magenta/cyan version], which has long been used at the USGS for choosing colors on geologic maps. The new color
chart contains the same colors that were in the original offset-printed USGS color chart; however, the old color codes indicating the YMC
(yellow/magenta/cyan) values have been updated to show CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow, with K = 0) values, to conform to industry standards.
In addition, each color now has associated with it a generic look-up table number that can be used to access a particular color if it has been
incorporated into a shadeset.
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
A00 AA0 A10 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A70 AX0
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
A0A AAA A1A A2A A3A A4A A5A A6A A7A AXA
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
A01 AA1 A11 A21 A31 A41 A51 A61 A71 AX1
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
A02 AA2 A12 A22 A32 A42 A52 A62 A72 AX2
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149
A03 AA3 A13 A23 A33 A43 A53 A63 A73 AX3
150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
A04 AA4 A14 A24 A34 A44 A54 A64 A74 AX4
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
A05 AA5 A15 A25 A35 A45 A55 A65 A75 AX5
170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
A06 AA6 A16 A26 A36 A46 A56 A66 A76 AX6
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
Abbreviations used to A07 AA7 A17 A27 A37 A47 A57 A67 A77 AX7
specify CMY values 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199
A0X AAX A1X A2X A3X A4X A5X A6X A7X AXX
A391 *For more information, see general guidelines on pages A-i to A-v.
!" #$% #
! $& '
$ '
Ii
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I1
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I2
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I3
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
B [abbreviation].......................................................................................................... Av Table 2
Background [of this standard] ........................................................................................... 4 n/a
Ball and bar [notation on fault showing local normal offset].................................................... A211 2.11.1
Ball and bar [notation on fault showing local oblique offset] ................................................... A211 2.11.6
Ball and bar [notation on normal fault]............................................................................. A22 Sec. 2.2
Ball and bar [notation on oblique fault] ............................................................................ A26 Sec. 2.7
Banded igneous rock .................................................................................................. A373 720
BarIdentity and existence certain, location accurate........................................................... A152 15.26
BarIdentity and existence certain, location approximate...................................................... A152 15.28
BarIdentity or existence questionable, location accurate...................................................... A152 15.27
BarIdentity or existence questionable, location approximate................................................. A152 15.29
Bar scale calculations ................................................................................................. A356 Sec. 35
Bar scales ............................................................................................................... A351 Sec. 35
Barrio boundary........................................................................................................ A291 29.4
Basal scarp, planetary ................................................................................................. A254 25.73
Basalt-filled lava pond ................................................................................................ A183 18.54
Basaltic flows .......................................................................................................... A373 717
Base of scarp, planetary............................................................................................... A254 25.74
Basin ring, planetary .................................................................................................. A255 25.100
Basin (small, minor)................................................................................................... A514 5.11.3
Basin structure on landslide .......................................................................................... A172 17.43
Basins ................................................................................................................... A222 Sec. 22
Bathymetric contours ................................................................................................. A302 Sec. 30.1
Bathymetric depression contours, showing hachure spacing for closed contours between 12.7 mm
and 76.2 mm in circumference................................................................................. A302 30.1.43
Bathymetric depression contours, showing hachure spacing for closed contours less than 12.7 mm
in circumference ................................................................................................. A302 30.1.42
Bathymetric depression contours, showing hachure spacing for closed contours more than 76.2 mm
in circumference ................................................................................................. A302 30.1.44
Bathymetric rise contour (inside depression), showing hachure spacing for closed contours between
12.7 mm and 76.2 mm in circumference ..................................................................... A302 30.1.43
Bathymetric rise contour (inside depression), showing hachure spacing for closed contours less
than 12.7 mm in circumference................................................................................ A302 30.1.41
Bathymetric rise contour (inside depression), showing hachure spacing for closed contours more
than 76.2 mm in circumference................................................................................ A302 30.1.44
Beach.................................................................................................................... A151 15.1
Beach ridges............................................................................................................ A151 15.2
Bearing [concepts and definitions] ..................................................................................... 14 n/a
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity and existence certain, location accurate ........... A13 1.2.17
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity and existence certain, location approximate ...... A13 1.2.19
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity and existence certain, location concealed ......... A13 1.2.23
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity and existence certain, location inferred............ A13 1.2.21
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity or existence questionable, location accurate ...... A13 1.2.18
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity or existence questionable, location
approximate ...................................................................................................... A13 1.2.20
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity or existence questionable, location concealed .... A13 1.2.24
Bed of economically important commodityIdentity or existence questionable, location inferred....... A13 1.2.22
Bed of economically important commodity outcrop area (1st option) ......................................... A14 1.2.42
Bed of economically important commodity outcrop area (2nd option) ........................................ A14 1.2.43
Bed of economically important commodity, showing name..................................................... A16 1.4.14
Bed of economically important commodity, showing thickness and location where thickness was
measured.......................................................................................................... A16 1.4.11
Bedded chert (1st option)............................................................................................. A372 649
I6
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I7
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
C [abbreviation].......................................................................................................... Av Table 2
Calcareous sandstone ................................................................................................. A371 613
I8
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I9
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I10
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I11
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I12
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I13
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I14
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I15
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I16
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I19
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
I21
Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
Gaging station, as shown on topographic maps or on general-purpose or smaller scale maps.............. A306 30.3.14
Gas and condensate show ........................................................................................... A1910 19.5.82
Gas and condensate well (nonspecific depth)..................................................................... A1910 19.5.83
Gas fieldExtent defined............................................................................................ A196 19.5.3
Gas fieldExtent not yet defined................................................................................... A196 19.5.4
Gas fields ............................................................................................................... A196 Sec. 19.5
Gas seep................................................................................................................. A198 19.5.49
Gas show................................................................................................................ A198 19.5.50
Gas storage well (nonspecific depth) .............................................................................. A1910 19.5.92
Gas well, as shown on topographic maps or on general-purpose or smaller scale maps..................... A306 30.3.9
Gas well (nonspecific depth)......................................................................................... A198 19.5.51
Gas wells................................................................................................................ A198 Sec. 19.5
Gastropods.............................................................................................................. A101 10.2.23
Generic foliation (origin not known or not specified) ............................................................ A81 Sec. 8
Generic foliation (origin not known or not specified), for multiple observations at one locality........... A81 8.1.4
Gently inclined (between 0 and 30) bedding, as determined remotely or from aerial photographs...... A62 6.40
Gently overturned (between 0 and 30) bedding, as determined remotely or from aerial photographs .. A62 6.44
Geohydrologic contours .............................................................................................. A267 Sec. 26.5
Geohydrologic features ............................................................................................... A261 Sec. 26
Geohydrologic lines ................................................................................................... A268 Sec. 26.6
Geologic age symbol font [technical specifications in this standard] ............................................. 31 n/a
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
R [abbreviation].......................................................................................................... Av Table 2
Radial fracture, planetary (associated with coronae) ............................................................. A252 25.33
Radially grooved ejecta (schematic), planetary ................................................................... A253 25.50
Radiolarians ............................................................................................................ A101 10.2.59
Radiometric survey.................................................................................................... A31 Sec. 3
Railroad (more than one track) ...................................................................................... A281 28.20
Railroad (single track) ................................................................................................ A281 28.19
Raise (drawn to scale), as shown on subsurface exploration maps ............................................. A195 19.4.8
Raise extending through level (drawn to scale), as shown on subsurface exploration maps ................ A195 19.4.7
Raised rim of impact crater, planetary, showing visible ejecta blanket ........................................ A255 25.96
Raised rim of larger impact crater, planetary ...................................................................... A255 25.94
Raised rim of smaller impact crater, planetary .................................................................... A255 25.95
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
T [abbreviation].......................................................................................................... Av Table 2
Tailings.................................................................................................................. A192 19.2.6
Tailings pond........................................................................................................... A305 30.2.43
Talc ..................................................................................................................... A373 710
TBI [abbreviation]....................................................................................................... Av Table 2
Technical specifications used in the preparation of this standard.................................................. 29 n/a
Tectonic foliation ...................................................................................................... A83 8.3.1
Tectonic foliation, for multiple observations at one locality..................................................... A83 8.3.4
Tectonic foliation parallel to bedding............................................................................... A83 8.3.7
Telephone line ......................................................................................................... A306 30.3.22
Tennessee [state location map] ...................................................................................... A342 Sec. 34.1
Tension crack on landslide (1st option) ............................................................................ A172 17.35
Tension crack on landslide (2nd option) ........................................................................... A172 17.36
Tension crack on landslide (3rd option) ............................................................................ A172 17.37
Tension fracture on landslide (1st option).......................................................................... A172 17.35
Tension fracture on landslide (2nd option)......................................................................... A172 17.36
Tension fracture on landslide (3rd option) ......................................................................... A172 17.37
Terminus of glacier.................................................................................................... A133 Sec. 13
Terrace deposits, planetary ........................................................................................... A256 25.120
Terrestrial impact crater with raised rimIdentity and existence certain, location accurate ............... A241 24.11
Terrestrial impact crater with raised rimIdentity or existence certain, location approximate ............ A241 24.13
Terrestrial impact crater with raised rimIdentity or existence certain, location concealed ............... A241 24.15
Terrestrial impact crater with raised rimIdentity or existence questionable, location accurate .......... A241 24.12
Terrestrial impact crater with raised rimIdentity or existence questionable, location approximate ..... A241 24.14
Terrestrial impact crater with raised rimIdentity or existence questionable, location concealed ........ A241 24.16
Terrestrial impact crater without raised rimIdentity and existence certain, location accurate ........... A241 24.5
Terrestrial impact crater without raised rimIdentity and existence certain, location concealed ......... A241 24.9
Terrestrial impact crater without raised rimIdentity or existence certain, location approximate ........ A241 24.7
Terrestrial impact crater without raised rimIdentity or existence questionable, location accurate ...... A241 24.6
Terrestrial impact crater without raised rimIdentity or existence questionable, location
approximate ...................................................................................................... A241 24.8
Terrestrial impact crater without raised rimIdentity or existence questionable, location concealed .... A241 24.10
Terrestrial impact features............................................................................................ A241 Sec. 24
Terrestrial palimpsest area............................................................................................ A241 24.19
Territory boundary .................................................................................................... A291 29.2
Tertiary [geologic age symbol] ...................................................................................... A321 32.3
Test hole for well used for domestic-water supply................................................................ A261 26.1.15
Test hole for well used for industrial-water supply ............................................................... A262 26.1.42
Test hole for well used for irrigation-water supply ............................................................... A262 26.1.33
Test hole for well used for public-water supply ................................................................... A263 26.1.51
Test hole for well used for stock-water supply .................................................................... A261 26.1.24
Texas [state location map]............................................................................................ A342 Sec. 34.1
Thermal area ........................................................................................................... A183 18.61
Thermal spring ......................................................................................................... A183 18.62
Thermal spring, as shown on topographic maps or on general-purpose or smaller scale maps............. A306 30.3.13
Thermal spring used for domestic-water supply .................................................................. A264 26.2.5
Thermal spring used for industrial-water supply .................................................................. A264 26.2.17
Thermal spring used for irrigation-water supply .................................................................. A264 26.2.13
Thermal spring used for public-water supply...................................................................... A264 26.2.21
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
U/D [notation on fault showing local normal offset] ............................................................. A211 2.11.2
U/D [notation on fault showing local reverse offset] ............................................................. A211 2.11.3
Unconformable contactIdentity and existence certain, location accurate ................................... A12 1.1.25
Unconformable contactIdentity and existence certain, location approximate .............................. A12 1.1.27
Unconformable contactIdentity and existence certain, location concealed ................................. A12 1.1.31
Unconformable contactIdentity and existence certain, location inferred ................................... A12 1.1.29
Unconformable contactIdentity or existence questionable, location accurate.............................. A12 1.1.26
Unconformable contactIdentity or existence questionable, location approximate......................... A12 1.1.28
Unconformable contactIdentity or existence questionable, location concealed............................ A12 1.1.32
Unconformable contactIdentity or existence questionable, location inferred .............................. A12 1.1.30
Underclay............................................................................................................... A372 660
Underground aqueduct................................................................................................ A304 30.2.18
Underground gas pipeline ............................................................................................ A306 30.3.23
Underground oil pipeline ............................................................................................. A306 30.3.23
Underground or submerged water pipeline ........................................................................ A304 30.2.20
Underwater aqueduct.................................................................................................. A304 30.2.18
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Index: Introductory Text, Appendix A
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Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
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EXPLANATION
CMY value shown below box. Abbreviations: A, 8%; 1, 13%; 2, 20%; 3, 30%; 4, 40%; 5, 50%; 6, 60%; 7, 70%; X, 100%.
Generic lookup-table number shown in upper left-hand corner of box. Number can be used to access a particular
color from a custom-designed shadeset.
CMYK Color Chart FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
For more specific information on these colors, see discussion on p. A-39-1 of the "FGDC Digital Cartographic
Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization" (available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/).
[CMY (K = 0) value below color box; generic lookup-table symbol number in upper left-hand corner of color box] CMYK Color Chart
For guidelines on selecting colors, see Section 5, entitled "Guidelines for Map Color and Pattern Selection," in
the introductory text of the FGDC standards document. Digital files available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/
13% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW 20% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW 50% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW 60% CYAN, MAGENTA, AND YELLOW
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709
100 1A0 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 1X0 200 2A0 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 2X0 500 5A0 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 5X0 600 6A0 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 6X0
210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719
10A 1AA 11A 12A 13A 14A 15A 16A 17A 1XA 20A 2AA 21A 22A 23A 24A 25A 26A 27A 2XA 50A 5AA 51A 52A 53A 54A 55A 56A 57A 5XA 60A 6AA 61A 62A 63A 64A 65A 66A 67A 6XA
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729
101 1A1 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 1X1 201 2A1 211 221 231 241 251 261 271 2X1 501 5A1 511 521 531 541 551 561 571 5X1 601 6A1 611 621 631 641 651 661 671 6X1
230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739
102 1A2 112 122 132 142 152 162 172 1X2 202 2A2 212 222 232 242 252 262 272 2X2 502 5A2 512 522 532 542 552 562 572 5X2 602 6A2 612 622 632 642 652 662 672 6X2
240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749
103 1A3 113 123 133 143 153 163 173 1X3 203 2A3 213 223 233 243 253 263 273 2X3 503 5A3 513 523 533 543 553 563 573 5X3 603 6A3 613 623 633 643 653 663 673 6X3
250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759
104 1A4 114 124 134 144 154 164 174 1X4 204 2A4 214 224 234 244 254 264 274 2X4 504 5A4 514 524 534 544 554 564 574 5X4 604 6A4 614 624 634 644 654 664 674 6X4
260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769
105 1A5 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 1X5 205 2A5 215 225 235 245 255 265 275 2X5 505 5A5 515 525 535 545 555 565 575 5X5 605 6A5 615 625 635 645 655 665 675 6X5
270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
106 1A6 116 126 136 146 156 166 176 1X6 206 2A6 216 226 236 246 256 266 276 2X6 506 5A6 516 526 536 546 556 566 576 5X6 606 6A6 616 626 636 646 656 666 676 6X6
280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789
107 1A7 117 127 137 147 157 167 177 1X7 207 2A7 217 227 237 247 257 267 277 2X7 507 5A7 517 527 537 547 557 567 577 5X7 607 6A7 617 627 637 647 657 667 677 6X7
290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799
10X 1AX 11X 12X 13X 14X 15X 16X 17X 1XX 20X 2AX 21X 22X 23X 24X 25X 26X 27X 2XX 50X 5AX 51X 52X 53X 54X 55X 56X 57X 5XX 60X 6AX 61X 62X 63X 64X 65X 66X 67X 6XX
8% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW 30% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW 40% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW 70% CYAN, MAGENTA, AND YELLOW
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809
A00 AA0 A10 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A70 AX0 300 3A0 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 3X0 400 4A0 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 4X0 700 7A0 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 7X0
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819
A0A AAA A1A A2A A3A A4A A5A A6A A7A AXA 30A 3AA 31A 32A 33A 34A 35A 36A 37A 3XA 40A 4AA 41A 42A 43A 44A 45A 46A 47A 4XA 70A 7AA 71A 72A 73A 74A 75A 76A 77A 7XA
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829
A01 AA1 A11 A21 A31 A41 A51 A61 A71 AX1 301 3A1 311 321 331 341 351 361 371 3X1 401 4A1 411 421 431 441 451 461 471 4X1 701 7A1 711 721 731 741 751 761 771 7X1
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839
A02 AA2 A12 A22 A32 A42 A52 A62 A72 AX2 302 3A2 312 322 332 342 352 362 372 3X2 402 4A2 412 422 432 442 452 462 472 4X2 702 7A2 712 722 732 742 752 762 772 7X2
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849
A03 AA3 A13 A23 A33 A43 A53 A63 A73 AX3 303 3A3 313 323 333 343 353 363 373 3X3 403 4A3 413 423 433 443 453 463 473 4X3 703 7A3 713 723 733 743 753 763 773 7X3
150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859
A04 AA4 A14 A24 A34 A44 A54 A64 A74 AX4 304 3A4 314 324 334 344 354 364 374 3X4 404 4A4 414 424 434 444 454 464 474 4X4 704 7A4 714 724 734 744 754 764 774 7X4
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869
A05 AA5 A15 A25 A35 A45 A55 A65 A75 AX5 305 3A5 315 325 335 345 355 365 375 3X5 405 4A5 415 425 435 445 455 465 475 4X5 705 7A5 715 725 735 745 755 765 775 7X5
170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879
A06 AA6 A16 A26 A36 A46 A56 A66 A76 AX6 306 3A6 316 326 336 346 356 366 376 3X6 406 4A6 416 426 436 446 456 466 476 4X6 706 7A6 716 726 736 746 756 766 776 7X6
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889
A07 AA7 A17 A27 A37 A47 A57 A67 A77 AX7 307 3A7 317 327 337 347 357 367 377 3X7 407 4A7 417 427 437 447 457 467 477 4X7 707 7A7 717 727 737 747 757 767 777 7X7
190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899
A0X AAX A1X A2X A3X A4X A5X A6X A7X AXX 30X 3AX 31X 32X 33X 34X 35X 36X 37X 3XX 40X 4AX 41X 42X 43X 44X 45X 46X 47X 4XX 70X 7AX 71X 72X 73X 74X 75X 76X 77X 7XX
MAGENTA AND YELLOW CYAN AND YELLOW CYAN AND MAGENTA 100% CYAN WITH MAGENTA AND YELLOW
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
CMYK values (K = 0): A = 8%, 1 = 13%, 2 = 20%, 3 = 30%, 4 = 40%, 5 = 50%, 6 = 60%, 7 = 70%, X = 100%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909
000 0A0 010 020 030 040 050 060 070 0X0 000 A00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 X00 000 0A0 010 020 030 040 050 060 070 0X0 X00 XA0 X10 X20 X30 X40 X50 X60 X70 XX0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 110 210 310 410 510 610 710 810 910 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919
00A 0AA 01A 02A 03A 04A 05A 06A 07A 0XA 00A A0A 10A 20A 30A 40A 50A 60A 70A X0A A00 AA0 A10 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A70 AX0 X0A XAA X1A X2A X3A X4A X5A X6A X7A XXA
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720 820 920 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929
001 0A1 011 021 031 041 051 061 071 0X1 001 A01 101 201 301 401 501 601 701 X01 100 1A0 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 1X0 X01 XA1 X11 X21 X31 X41 X51 X61 X71 XX1
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 130 230 330 430 530 630 730 830 930 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939
002 0A2 012 022 032 042 052 062 072 0X2 002 A02 102 202 302 402 502 602 702 X02 200 2A0 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 2X0 X02 XA2 X12 X22 X32 X42 X52 X62 X72 XX2
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 40 140 240 340 440 540 640 740 840 940 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949
003 0A3 013 023 033 043 053 063 073 0X3 003 A03 103 203 303 403 503 603 703 X03 300 3A0 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 3X0 X03 XA3 X13 X23 X33 X43 X53 X63 X73 XX3
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959
004 0A4 014 024 034 044 054 064 074 0X4 004 A04 104 204 304 404 504 604 704 X04 400 4A0 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 4X0 X04 XA4 X14 X24 X34 X44 X54 X64 X74 XX4
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 60 160 260 360 460 560 660 760 860 960 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969
005 0A5 015 025 035 045 055 065 075 0X5 005 A05 105 205 305 405 505 605 705 X05 500 5A0 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 5X0 X05 XA5 X15 X25 X35 X45 X55 X65 X75 XX5
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 70 170 270 370 470 570 670 770 870 970 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979
006 0A6 016 026 036 046 056 066 076 0X6 006 A06 106 206 306 406 506 606 706 X06 600 6A0 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 6X0 X06 XA6 X16 X26 X36 X46 X56 X66 X76 XX6
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 80 180 280 380 480 580 680 780 880 980 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989
007 0A7 017 027 037 047 057 067 077 0X7 007 A07 107 207 307 407 507 607 707 X07 700 7A0 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 7X0 X07 XA7 X17 X27 X37 X47 X57 X67 X77 XX7
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 90 190 290 390 490 590 690 790 890 990 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999
00X 0AX 01X 02X 03X 04X 05X 06X 07X 0XX 00X A0X 10X 20X 30X 40X 50X 60X 70X X0X X00 XA0 X10 X20 X30 X40 X50 X60 X70 XX0 X0X XAX X1X X2X X3X X4X X5X X6X X7X XXX
EXPLANATION
Pattern number shown below box. Abbreviations: K, black; C, cyan; M, magenta; DO, dropout; R, red; B, brown.
Generic lookup-table number shown in upper left-hand corner of box. Number can be used to access a particular
pattern from a custom-designed patternset.
Pattern Chart FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization
FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
For more specific information on these patterns, see discussion on p. A-38-1 of the "FGDC Digital Cartographic
Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization" (available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/).
[Pattern number below pattern box; generic lookup-table symbol number in upper left-hand corner of pattern box] Pattern Chart
For guidelines on selecting patterns, see Section 5, entitled "Guidelines for Map Color and Pattern Selection," in
the introductory text of the FGDC standards document. Digital files available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/
101 102 103 104 130 131 132 133 161 162 163 164 201 202 203 204 225 226 227 228 250 251 252 253
101-K 101-C 101-M 101-DO 116-K 116-C 116-M 116-DO 123-K 123-C 123-M 123-DO 201-K 201-C 201-M 201-DO 215-K 215-C 215-M 215-DO 228-K 228-C 228-M 228-DO
105 106 107 108 109 134 135 136 137 138 165 166 167 168 205 206 207 208 229 230 231 232 254 255 256 257 258
102-K 102-C 102-M 102-R 102-DO 117-K 117-C 117-M 117-R 117-DO 124-K 124-C 124-M 124-DO 202-K 202-C 202-M 202-DO 216-K 216-C 216-M 216-DO 229-K 229-C 229-M 229-R 229-DO
110 111 112 113 139 140 141 142 169 170 171 172 173 209 210 211 212 233 234 235 236 259 260 261 262
103-K 103-C 103-M 103-DO 118-K 118-C 118-M 118-DO 132-K 132-C 132-M 132-B 132-DO 204-K 204-C 204-M 204-DO 217-K 217-C 217-M 217-DO 230-K 230-C 230-M 230-DO
114 115 116 117 143 144 145 146 147 174 175 176 177 178 213 214 215 216 237 238 239 240 263 264 265 266
104-K 104-C 104-M 104-DO 119-K 119-C 119-M 119-R 119-DO 134-K 134-C 134-M 134-R 134-DO 206-K 206-C 206-M 206-DO 218-K 218-C 218-M 218-DO 231-K 231-C 231-M 231-DO
118 119 120 121 148 149 150 151 179 180 181 182 183 217 218 219 220 241 242 243 244 267 268 269 270 271
105-K 105-C 105-M 105-DO 120-K 120-C 120-M 120-DO 135-K 135-C 135-M 135-B 135-DO 207-K 207-C 207-M 207-DO 219-K 219-C 219-M 219-DO 232-K 232-C 232-M 232-B 232-DO
122 123 124 125 152 153 154 155 156 184 185 186 187 188 221 222 223 224 245 246 247 248 249 272 273 274 275
106-K 106-C 106-M 106-DO 121-K 121-C 121-M 121-R 121-DO 136-K 136-C 136-M 136-R 136-DO 214-K 214-C 214-M 214-DO 226-K 226-C 226-M 226-R 226-DO 233-K 233-C 233-M 233-DO
126 127 128 129 157 158 159 160 189 190 191 192 193
114-K 114-C 114-M 114-DO 122-K 122-C 122-M 122-DO 137-K 137-C 137-M 137-R 137-DO
IGNEOUS PATTERNS (Series 300) MISCELLANEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PATTERNS (Series 400)
301 302 303 304 325 326 327 328 350 351 352 353 401 402 403 404 439 440 441 442 467 468 469 470
301-K 301-C 301-M 301-DO 313-K 313-C 313-M 313-DO 319-K 319-C 319-M 319-DO 401-K 401-C 401-M 401-DO 418-K 418-C 418-M 418-DO 430-K 430-C 430-M 430-DO
305 306 307 308 329 330 331 332 354 355 356 357 358 405 406 407 408 443 444 445 446 447 471 472 473 474
302-K 302-C 302-M 302-DO 314-K 314-C 314-M 314-DO 327-K 327-C 327-M 327-R 327-DO 402-K 402-C 402-M 402-DO 419-K 419-C 419-M 419-R 419-DO 431-K 431-C 431-M 431-DO
309 310 311 312 333 334 335 336 359 360 361 362 363 409 410 411 412 448 449 475 476 477 478
303-K 303-C 303-M 303-DO 315-K 315-C 315-M 315-DO 328-K 328-C 328-M 328-R 328-DO 403-K 403-C 403-M 403-DO 420-K 420-C 432-K 432-C 432-M 432-DO
313 314 315 316 337 338 339 340 364 365 366 367 413 414 415 416 417 450 451 479 480 481 482
304-K 304-C 304-M 304-DO 316-K 316-C 316-M 316-DO 330-K 330-C 330-M 330-DO 405-K 405-C 405-M 405-R 405-DO 423-K 423-C 433-K 433-C 433-M 433-DO
317 318 319 320 341 342 343 344 345 368 369 370 371 418 419 420 421 422 452 453 483 484 485 486 487
305-K 305-C 305-M 305-DO 317-K 317-C 317-M 317-R 317-DO 331-K 331-C 331-M 331-DO 406-K 406-C 406-M 406-R 406-DO 424-K 424-C 434-K 434-C 434-M 434-R 434-DO
321 322 323 324 346 347 348 349 423 424 425 426 454 488 489 490 491 492
306-K 306-C 306-M 306-DO 318-K 318-C 318-M 318-DO 411-K 411-C 411-M 411-DO 426 435-K 435-C 435-M 435-R 435-DO
427 428 429 430 455 456 493 494 495 496 497
412-K 412-C 412-M 412-DO 427-K 427-R 436-K 436-C 436-M 436-R 436-DO
431 432 433 434 457 458 459 460 461
SEDIMENTARY LITHOLOGY PATTERNS (Series 600) METAMORPHIC, IGNEOUS, AND VEIN-MATTER LITHOLOGY PATTERNS (Series 700)
GLACIAL AND PERIGLACIAL PATTERNS (Series 500)
[Usually reserved for use on stratigraphic columns, sections, or charts] [Usually reserved for use on stratigraphic columns, sections, or charts]
Glacial patterns (521524)
601 602 603 605 606 607 608 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 Metamorphic lithology patterns (701710)
530 531 534 535 536
701 702 703 704 705 706
601 602 603 605 606 607 608 645 646 647 648 649 650 651
Gravel or Gravel or Crossbedded gravel Breccia (1st option) Breccia (2nd option) Massive sand or Bedded sand or Sandy dolostone Silty dolostone Argillaceous or Cherty dolostone Bedded chert Bedded chert Fossiliferous
conglomerate conglomerate or conglomerate sandstone sandstone or dolomite or dolomite shaly dolostone or dolomite (1st option) (2nd option) bedded chert
(1st option) (2nd option) or dolomite 701 702 703 704 705 706
521-K 521-C 523-K 523-C 523-DO Metamorphism Quartzite Slate Schistose or Schist Contorted schist
gneissoid granite
532 533 537 538 609 610 611 612 613 614 616 652 653 654 655 656 657 658
609 610 611 612 613 614 616 652 653 654 655 656 657 658
Crossbedded sand Crossbedded sand Ripple-bedded sand Argillaceous or Calcareous Dolomitic Silt, siltstone, Fossiliferous rock Diatomaceous Subgraywacke Crossbedded Ripple-bedded Peat Coal
522-K 522-C 524-K 524-C or sandstone or sandstone or sandstone shaly sandstone sandstone sandstone or shaly silt rock subgraywacke subgraywacke
(1st option) (2nd option) 707 708 709 710
Schist and gneiss Gneiss Contorted gneiss Soapstone, talc,
or serpentinite
617 618 619 620 621 622 623 659 660 661 662 663 664 665
Periglacial patterns (591595)
Igneous and vein-matter lithology patterns (71133)
580 581
711 712 713 714 715 716
617 618 619 620 621 622 623 659 660 661 662 663 664 665
Calcareous Dolomitic Sandy or silty Clay or clay Cherty shale Dolomitic shale Calcareous shale Bony coal or Underclay Flint clay Bentonite Glauconite Limonite Siderite
siltstone siltstone shale shale or marl impure coal
595-K 595-C