1 2

B GIO DC V O TO Cng trnh c hon thnh ti

I HC NNG I HC NNG




L TIN MU
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TSKH TRN QUC CHIN

Phn bin 1:
THUT GII DI TRUYN V NG DNG
LP THI KHA BIU THEO HC CH TN CH Phn bin 2:
CHO TRNG I HC

Lun vn s c bo v ti Hi ng chm Lun vn tt

Chuyn ngnh: Khoa hc my tnh nghip thc s khoa hc hp ti i hc nng vo ngy
M s: 60.48.01 ..thngnm 2012

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:
- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i Hc Nng
- Th vin Trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc Nng
Nng Nm 2012
 3 4

M U Nghin cu ng dng nhng kt qu nghin cu vo thc t.

1. L do chn ti
Bi ton lp lch c th c nh ngha l mt bi ton tm
kim chui ti u thc hin mt tp cc hot ng chu tc ng
ca mt tp cc rng buc cn phi c tha mn. Ngi lp lch
thng c gng th n mc ti a s s dng cc c th, my mc
v ti thiu thi gian i hi hon thnh ton b qu trnh nhm
sp xp lch ti u nht. V th bi ton lp lch l mt vn rt kh
gii quyt.
Trong ti, s tm hiu v tip cn thut gii di truyn cho
lp bi ton lp lch v c th l bi ton lp thi kha biu hc theo
h tn ch cho trng i hc.
2. Mc ch nghin cu
Nghin cu, tm hiu thut gii di truyn v trn c s tip
cn gii bi ton thi kha biu theo h tn ch.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Tm hiu bi ton lp lch v cc hng gii quyt truyn
thng.
Tm hiu thut gii di truyn.
ng dng thut gii di truyn vo bi ton lp thi kha biu
Xy dng ng dng lp thi kha biu theo hc ch tn ch cho
trng i hc, cao ng.
4. Phng php nghin cu
Da trn cc ti liu thu thp t nhiu ngun (sch, bo,
Internet, ) tng hp, phn tch v trnh by li theo s hiu bit ca
bn thn.
M rng cch tip cn trc y trn c s phn tch c th
bi ton cn gii quyt c nhng ci tin hp l.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti
5.1. ngha khoa hc
Thng qua ti s hiu r hn v bi ton lp lch cc cc
phng php tip cn gii bi ton lp lch, qua c s so snh v
nh gi cc thut ton.
Tm hiu su v thut gii di truyn v ng dng vo bi ton
thi kha biu nhm c nhng ci tin trong cc bc ca thut gii
di truyn vi bi ton c th nh vic biu din bi ton, cch chn
c th tt, cch xy dng hm nh gi,
5.2. ngha thc tin
Bi ton lp thi kha biu l mt bi ton c nhiu ng dng
trong thc t, c bit l cc trng i hc, cao ng o to theo
hc ch tn ch. ng dng thut gii di truyn gii bi ton thi
kha biu l mt hng hy vng gii quyt c bi ton thi kha
biu.
Qua ti c th xy dng ng dng thc t gp phn gim
thiu thi gian v ngun lc cho vic lp thi kha biu cho mt c
s.
6. Cu trc lun vn
Lun vn gm cc chng c ni dung nh sau
Chng 1 - TNG QUAN BI TON LP LCH
Chng 2 - THUT GII DI TRUYN
Chng 3 - NG DNG THUT GII DI TRUYN VO BI
TON LP THI KHA BIU
 5 6
CHNG 1 - TNG QUAN BI TON LP LCH
1.1. Gii thiu bi ton lp lch
1.1.1. Tm hiu chung
1.1.2. Cc thuc tnh ca bi ton lp lch
1.1.3. Mt s loi bi ton lp lch
1.2. Bi ton thi kha biu
1.2.1. Gii thiu bi ton
1.2.2. D liu bi ton
Phn ny tm hiu, kho st cc thnh phn, i tng thng
tin c tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip n bi ton thi kho biu:
Gio vin, hc phn (mn hc),Tn ch, Lp hc phn, Phng hc,
Tit hc(gi hc).
Mt s c s o to Cao ng, i hc ca nc ta hin nay
mt s ti nguyn iu b hn ch do mt s nguyn nhn ch quan
v khch quan. V vy, sp xp thi kho biu tt tho mn tt c
cc yu cu l ht sc kh khn. Tuy nhin khng ch kh khn v s
thiu thn cc ti nguyn trn m cn c s nh hng ca mt s
rng buc, yu cu phi tho mn ca bi ton.
1.2.3. Rng buc ca bi ton
Cc rng buc l cc yu cu cn phi c tho mn, nu
mt trong nhng yu cu ny khng tho mn th thi kho biu s
khng th a vo s dng. Mt s yu cu v phng hc nh: hai
lp hc khc nhau khng th hc cng mt phng hc ti mt thi
im, v cc phng hc phi m bo ch ngi cho sinh vin sinh
vin c ch ngi hc tp. i vi yu cu v gio vin l mt gio
vin khng th dy c hai lp trong cng mt thi gian. V
chng trnh, cc mn hc trong cng mt chng trnh phi c
sp xp khc thi im sinh vin c la chn hc. V vi mi
mn hc c s tit c quy nh trc v thi kho biu phi m
bo s tit hc ca mn hc .
1.3. Mt s hng tip cn gii bi ton thi kha biu
1.3.1. M phng luyn kim
1.3.2. Tm kim Tabu
CHNG 2 - THUT GII DI TRUYN
2.1. Tng quan v thut gii di truyn
2.1.1. Gii thiu
Trong thut gii di truyn ngi ta dng thut ng vay mn
ca di truyn hc nh: c th, nhim sc th (nhim sc th), gen,
qun th, thch nghi, chn lc, lai ghp, t bin, v.v Trong
c th (individual, genotypes, structure) biu din mt li gii, gii
php ca bi ton, khng ging nh trong t nhin mt c th c th
c nhiu nhim sc th, y chng ta quy c mi c th ch c mt
nhim sc th (chromosome). Cc nhim sc th l mt c th l mt
chui tuyn tnh, trong nhim sc th c th c cc n v nh hn
l gen. Mi gen i din mt thuc tnh, tnh cht v c v tr nht
nh trong nhim sc th. Qun th (population) l mt tp hp hu
hn xc nh cc c th, trong thut gii di truyn qun th l mt tp
 7 8
cc c th biu din mt tp cc li gii. Cc php ton chn lc
(selection), lai ghp (crossover), t bin (mutation) c thc hin
trn qun th to ra mt qun th mi.
Mt bi ton c gii bng thut gii di truyn thng
thng phi qua cc bc sau:
 Biu din li gii ca bi ton (hay nhim sc th)
bng chui nh phn, chui k t, s thp phn,
 Khi to qun th ban u gm N c th mt cch
ngu nhin.
 Xy dng hm thch nghi lm tiu chun nh gi
cc c th theo thch nghi ca chng.
 Xc nh xc sut lai to, xc sut t bin,
 Xy dng cc php ton lai to, chn lc, t bin.
Lu thut gii di truyn:
Hnh 2.1. S khi m t thut gii di truyn tng qut
2.1.2. S khc bit ca thut gii di truyn v thut gii khc
Khi dng phng php truyn thng c mt s cch gii sau:
Phng php lit k
Phng php gii tch
Phng php tm kim ngu nhin
c trng ca thut gii di truyn so vi cc phng php truyn
thng:
Thut gii di truyn lm vic vi s m ho ca tp thng s
ch khng lm vic vi cc gi tr ca cc thng s.
Thut gii di truyn tm kim t mt qun th cc im ch
khng phi t mt im.
Thut gii ch s dng thng tin v cc tiu chun ti u ca
hm mc tiu ch khng dng cc thng tin h tr no khc.
Thut gii s dng cc lut chuyn i mang tnh xc sut ch
khng phi l cc lut chuyn i mang tnh xc nh.
Thut gii thng kh ci t, p dng. Tuy nhin khng phi
lc no cng cho li gii chnh xc. Mt s thut gii di truyn c th
cung cp li gii tim nng cho mt bi ton xc nh ngi s
dng la chn.[6]
2.1.3. Tnh cht ca thut gii di truyn
2.2. Cc thnh phn trong thut gii di truyn
2.2.1. Biu din nhim sc th
2.2.1.1. Biu din nh phn
2.2.1.2. Biu din s dng hon v
2.2.1.3. Biu din bng gi tr
2.2.2. Khi to qun th ban u
 9 10

2.2.3. nh gi c th Tnh theo thi gian, ph thuc vo thi gian chy chng
trnh c quy nh trc v thut ton dng.
2.2.4. Phng php chn lc
Kt hp nhiu phng php khc nhau, thut gii cng c th
2.2.4.1. Chn lc t l s dng kt hp nhiu phng php khc nhau gii quyt vn .
2.2.4.2. Chn lc xp hng 2.2.6. Cc tham s ca thut gii di truyn
2.2.4.3. Chn lc cnh tranh 2.2.6.1. Kch thc qun th
2.2.5. Phng php lai ghp 2.2.6.2. Xc sut lai ghp
2.2.5.1. Lai ghp mt im 2.2.6.3. Xc sut t bin
2.2.5.2. Lai ghp a im 2.3. V d minh ha
2.2.5.3. Lai ghp nh x tng phn 2.3.1. Biu din nhim sc th
2.2.5.4. Lai ghp c trt t 2.3.2. Hm thch nghi
2.2.5.5. Lai ghp da trn v tr 2.3.3. Khi to qun th
2.2.5.6. Lai ghp th t tuyn tnh 2.3.4. Chn lc c th
2.2.5.7. Lai ghp c chu trnh 2.3.5. Phng php lai ghp
2.2.6. Ton t t bin 2.3.6. Phng php t bin
2.2.7. iu kin dng ca thut gii 2.3.7. Cc tham s s dng trong bi ton v iu kin dng
Mt s iu kin dng ca thut gii:
Kt thc theo kt qu, tc khi gi tr thch nghi ca c th
trong qun th c gi tr sai s nh hn mt gi tr cho trc, th
dng thut ton.
Kt thc da trn s th h, mt s vn da vo s th h
trong qun th. Khi s lng tin ho ca qun th n mt gii hn
cho php th thut ton s dng, m trong khi khng quan tm n
cht lng ca c th trong qun th nh th no.
 11 12

 Mt tp cc phng hc:P={P1, P2, , Pm}. Mi phng hc

c s ch ngi.
CHNG 3 - NG DNG THUT GII DI TRUYN VO
BI TON XP THI KHA BIU  Mt tp cc ging vin: G={G1, G2, , Gk}.

3.1. Bi ton thi kha biu theo hc ch tn ch  Mt tp cc tit hc trong tun: T={T1, T2, , Th}

Bi ton thi kho biu c vai tr rt quan trng trong bt c  Tp phn cng gio vin dy: E={ (SVi, Mi, Gi )|
mt nh trng no, thi kha biu hc tp ca sinh vin v lch SVi SV, Mi M, Gi G }
ging dy ca gio vin lun l b xng sng c bn nht, kt ni 3.1.2. Cc rng buc ca bi ton
hu nh ton b cc hot ng ca nh trng. Chnh v l bi
Xp lch hc cho cc lp vo cc phng hc ti cc thi im
ton xp Thi kha biu tr thnh mt trong nhng vn chnh v
sao cho tha mn cc iu kin sau:
quan trng vo bc nht ca mi trng.
(C1): Khng c hai lp hc cng mt phng ti mt thi
i vi cc bi ton khng gian li gii nh th c th s
im.
dng phng php c in nh vt cn l tm c gii php
ti u. Nhng vi bi ton c khng gian li gii ln v kt hp (C2): Mt gio vin khng dy hai lp ti cng mt thi
nhiu rng buc th i hi phi c nhng phng php tr tu nhn im.
to c bit, thut gii di truyn l mt trong nhng phng php .
(C3): Xp cc lp hc vo cc phng hc m bo ch
3.1.1. nh ngha bi ton ngi cho sinh vin.

 Mt tp cc chng trnh o to: CT={CT1, CT2, , (C4): Xp cc tit hc m bo s tit cho mi mn

CTl}. Mi chng trnh gm nhng mn hc theo k hc.
hoch ca mt ngnh hc, cho mt kha hc.
(C5): Khng xp cc mn hc ca cng mt chng trnh
 Mt tp cc mn hc: M={M1, M2, , Mt}. Mi mn hc o to vo cng mt tit hc.
gm s tn ch, danh sch cc chng trnh hc mn hc
Yu cu ca bi ton tm li gii ca bi ton sao cho tho
.
mn tt c cc rng buc {C}.
 Mt tp cc nhm sinh vin (Lp hc phn): SV={SV1,
SV2, , SVn}. Mi lp hc phn gm mn hc, ging
vin dy, s sinh vin hc (d kin hoc chnh thc).
 13 14

3.2. Pht biu bi ton theo hng tip cn thut gii di truyn Nh vy thi kha biu X ca mt c s s c cu trc c
trnh by hnh 3.2:
Vic p dng thut gii di truyn vo bi ton c th c
biu din bng hnh 3.1:

Hnh 3.2. Biu din nhim sc th (c th) ca bi ton

Trong : ei ={ (SVi, Mi, Gi )|SVi SV Mi M, Gi G},

Hnh 3.1. Biu din mt vng lp ca thut gii di truyn
trong bi ton thi kho biu
3.3. p dng thut gii di truyn vo bi ton thi kha biu
(Nhm sinh vin hc phn SVi hc mn Mi do ging vin Gi dy) hay
c gi l tp phn cng ging dy. Da vo s tit ca mn hc
trn tun chng ta chia nh thnh s cc s kin trong tun, vi mi
s kin s c gn mt s nguyn thun li cho vic biu din
sau ny.

3.3.1. Biu din nhim sc th Mt phn ca thi kho biu tng minh nh sau:

Mt thi kha biu c biu din l ma trn Xmxh, trong T1 T12 T19 T 30 T45
h, m l s cc tit hc trong tun v s phng hc trong mt c s. P 1 G 1, M 1 , L 1 G 3,M 2,L 2 G 3, M 2 , L 2 G 1,M 1,L 1
Vi mi gi tr ca ma trn l mt i tng s kin, mi s kin P 2 G 3, M 2 , L 2 G 2,M 3,L 3 G 4, M 4 , L 4 G 3,M 4,L 4
P 3 G 2, M 3 , L 3 G 4,M 4,L 4 G 2 ,M 3 ,L 3
gm c ging vin, lp hc phn v mn hc v y cng l mt gi
P 4 G 3 ,M 4 ,L 4
tr trong tp phn cng ging dy c nh ngha nh trn. Vi
mi cch sp xp cc gen vo nhim sc th cho ta mt nhim sc th 3.3.2. Khi to qun th
(c th) mi. Khi to qun th l bc u trong thut gii di truyn,
thut ton c hi t nhanh hay chm n gi tr ti u cng ph thuc
 15 16

vo qun th khi to ban u. Khi khi to qun th phi khi to Output: TKB //Thi kho biu (c th)
tp d liu d liu ban u, bao gm tp cc yu cu bi ton, khi
Begin
to tp phn cng ging dy. Thut ton khi to qun th
For each Tj {T} do
Procedure Population()
For each Pi {P} do
Input: N //S lng c th yu cu trong qun th
e {E} //ly ngu nhin mt s kin e
Output: Po //Qun th cc c th
TKB[Tj][Pi]=e //t vo thi kho biu
Begin
E {E} e //Loi b s kin e ra khi
While (i N) do
tp s kin
P=Individual() //to mt c th mi
Endfor
Po=Po P//t c th mi vo qun th
Endfor
i=i++
Return TKB
Endwhile
End.
End
3.3.3. Lai ghp
Trong , Individual() l hm to ra c th mi, n c
tng ca phng php lai ghp, vi mi gi tr ca mt
thc hin trn tng, vi mi Tj trong tp T v vi mi Pi trong tp
n, nu mt n c gi tr l 1 th c th con s nhn gen ca cha (m),
P. Chn ngu nhin mt s kin e thuc tp s kin (tp phn cng
ngc li l gen ca m (cha). Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
ging dy) t vo v tr trng (Tj,Pi) v loi b s kin e ra khi tp
s kin. Thc hin cho n khi ht s s kin trong tp phn cng Bc 1: Xt tun t mi gi tr g[i,j] M (M l ma trn nh
hoc cc v tr (Tj,Pi) xt ht. phn lm mt n, i=1..h,j=1..m). Vi mi gi tr g[i,j] kim
tra:
Thut ton sinh c th cho qun th
Nu: g[i,j]=1
Function Individual()
Tm gen x thuc c th cha cha c xt v
Input: tp cc phn cng ging dy E={e1, e2, e3, en},
khng c trong c th con. t x vo c th
{T}, {P}//n: s s kin
con.
 17 18

nh du xt gen x trong c th cha. - Gi tr th nht, m[1,1]=0. C th con s nhn gen ca m,

Ngc li: Nu g[i,j]=0 - Gi tr th hai, m[1,2]=1. C th con s nhn gen ca cha

Tm gen x thuc c th m cha c xt v Tng t cc gi tr k tip, kt qu c th con (NSTCon) sau khi lai
khng c trong c th con. t x vo c th to gia cha NSTCha, m NSTMe, da vo mt n M:
con.
NSTCha NSTMe NSTCon
nh du xt gen x trong c th m. T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4
P1 12 13 1 9 P1 13 4 14 7 P1 13 12
Bc 2. Lp li bc 1, cho n khi cc phn t ca mt n P2 4 2 5 16 P2 5 3 15 8 P2
M c xt. P3 5 10 11 14 P3 6 10 9 2 P3
P4 8 1 7 6 P4 12 11 16 1 P4

Bc 3: Kt thc thut ton v tr v kt qu.

V d: Gi s c hai nhim sc th cha, m NSTCha, NSTMe (cc

Hnh 3.3. Kt qu v d sau khi thc hin lai ghp
s kin c gn bng cc s nguyn thun li trong vic biu
din) v ma trn mt n M:
T1 T2 T3 T4
P1 13 12 1 4
T 1NSTCha
T2 T3 T4 T 1NSTMe
T2 T3 T4 1 n2 (M)
Mt 3 4 P2 14 7 9 5
P 1 12 13 1 9 P 1 13 4 14 7 1 0 1 1 0 P3 2 3 15 8
P 4 2 5 16 P 2 5 3 15 8 2 0 0 1 0 P4
2
6 16 10 11
P 3 5 10 11 14 P 3 6 10 9 2 3 1 0 0 0
P 4 8 1 7 6 P 4 12 11 16 1 4 0 1 1 0
3.3.4. t bin

Trong bi ton, nhim sc th i din cho li gii ca bi

Cch lai ghp da vo gi tr ca mt n, nu gi tr ang xt ca ton v mi gen trong nhim sc th c mt xc sut t bin l p, v
mt n bng 1 gen c nhn l ca cha NSTCha, ngc li nhn ca d: p = 0.03 tc vi 100 c th trong qun th th c 0.03*100 = 3 c
m NSTMe. T v d trn ta c: th s b t bin trong mi th h, v qu trnh t bin c thc
NSTCha NSTMe NSTCon hin bng phng php t bin tng h bng cch hon v 2 gen
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 bt k trong mt nhim sc th.
P1 12 13 1 9 P1 13 4 14 7 P1 13
P2 4 2 5 16 P2 5 3 15 8 P2 Cc bc thc hin t bin:
P3 5 10 11 14 P3 6 10 9 2 P3
P4 8 1 7 6 P4 12 11 16 1 P4 {Gi N s c th trong qun th, p xc sut t bin}
 19
Bc 1: Tnh s c th s b t bin.
S c th t bin, K= N * p
Bc 2: Vi mi gi tr k, (k [1..K]) thc hin:
 Xc nh v tr c th b t bin: sinh ngu
nhin s nguyn, x [1..N] ( x: v tr c th
trong qun th).
 Vi c th x, xc nh v tr gen t bin bng
cch sinh ngu nhin hai cp s nguyn vt1,
vt2, vt3, vt4 (vt1, vt2 [1..m], vt3, vt4 [1..h],
h:s tit hc/tun, m: s phng hc)
 Hon v hai cp gen ca c th x ti hai v
tr(vt1, vt2) v( vt3, vt4)
Bc 3: Lp li bc 2, cho n khi ht s c th b t bin.
3.3.5. Hm nh gi
Trong lun vn, hm thch nghi s c thc hin nh gi
thng qua rng buc phi tho mn {C}.
Mt thi kho biu chp nhn c th phi tho mn tt c
cc rng buc, trong bi ton chng ta nh ngha tp cc rng buc C
= {C1, C2, C3, C4, C5}. Tng ng, xy dng thut ton nh gi mc
tho mn vi cc rng buc:
 i vi rng buc {C1}, tng ng vi mi gi tr ca ma
trn ch c mt v ch mt s kin. Nh vy gi tr nh gi cho rng
buc loi ny c xc nh bng: C1(x) = 0.
20
 Rng buc {C2}.Vi rng buc chng ta trnh by thut gii
kim tra s tho mn rng buc nh sau:
Bc 1: Vi mi tit hc Ti {T } , (i=1..h)
nh du tt c cc gio vin l cha xt
Vi mi phng hc Pj { P } , (j=1..m)
o Ly thng tin gio vin ti phng Pj (gv
TKB[i,j])
o Nu gv c xt th tng gi tr pht
Ngc li, nh du gv l xt
o Lp li cho n khi xt ht cc phng.
Bc 2: Lp li bc 1, cho n khi cc tit hc u xt
Bc 3: Tr v kt qu, v kt thc thut ton.
 Rng buc (C3), mi phng hc c sc cha v c im ring
ca phng, v vy sp xp lp hc vo cc phng sao cho m bo ch
ngi cho sinh vin. i vi yu cu, th mi thi kho biu phi tho
mn v sc cha, v vy phi kim tra s tho mn ca rng buc.
Cc bc thc hin kim tra nh sau:
Bc 1: Vi mi gi tr TKB[i,j], {i=1..m, j=1..h}
Xc nh nhm sinh vin, lop TKB[i,j], trong
TKB[i,j]={gv,nhmsv,mon}
Ly kh nng cha ca phng hc th i.
So snh s s ca nhm sinh vin v kh nng cha
phng hc th i
 21 22

Nu s s lp hc phn (nhm sinh vin) > sc cha
ca phng hc th i th tng gi tr pht
Bc 2: Lp bc 1, cho n khi tt c cc gi tr u c xt
Bc 3: Tr v kt qu, dng thut ton..
 Rng buc (C4), cc bc thc hin kim tra s lng cc tit
hc trong tun ca mn c thc hin nh sau:
Gi mng s nguyn dem_tiet[] cha s tit hc c xp
lch tng ng vi tng mn, mi gi tr ca mng i din cho mt
mn hc, v d dem_tiet[1] i din cho mn hc m1, dem_tiet[2]
cho mn m2, m1 ,m2 {M}
Bc 1: Vi mi gi tr TKB[i,j], {i=1..m, j=1..h}
Xc nh mn hc, mk TKB[i,j]
m s lng tit hc tng ng ca mn(mk), v
lu trong mng dem_tiet[mk]= dem_tiet[mk]+1.
Lp li bc 1, cho n khi cc gi tr iu c xt.
Bc 2: Vi mi mn mi {M} ,i=1..t.
Cc bc thc hin kim tra vi phm ca rng buc C5 c thc
hin qua cc bc sau:
Gi mng CT[] c gi tr boolean, c kch thc bng s lng
chng trnh, mi gi tr ca mng i din cho mt chng trnh, v
d CT[1] i din cho CT1, CT[2] i din CT2, (CT1,CT2 {CT} )
Bc 1: Vi mi tit hc Ti {T } , (i=1..h)
nh du tt c cc chng trnh l cha xt
(CT[k]=false, k=1..l)
Vi mi phng hc Pj { P } , (j=1..m)
o Ly thng tin mn hc (mon) ti phng Pj
(mon TKB[i,j])
o Xc nh chng trnh ca mn (mon), (gi
chng trnh th k)
o Nu CT[k] c xt th tng gi tr pht
Ngc li, nh du CT[k] l
xt(CT[k]=true)
o Lp li cho n khi xt ht cc phng.
Bc 2: Lp li bc 1, cho n khi cc tit hc u xt
Bc 3: Tr v kt qu, v dng thut ton.

So snh, nu s tit quy nh hc ca mn mi Giai on quyt nh thut gii, nh gi mt lch hc ca

>dem_tiet[mi] s tit c xp lch th tng gi tr mt c s c tho mn cc yu cu ca bi ton. C mi rng buc b
pht. vi phm th chng ta cho gi tr pht l 1 im, nh vy tng hp gi
tr thch nghi ca cc rng buc c trnh by nh trn chng ta khi
Lp bc 2, cho n khi cc mn iu c xt.
qut thnh cng thc nh sau:
Bc 3: Tr v kt qu, dng thut ton. 5
F (x) = w i * Ci
 Rng buc (C5). Thi kho biu c phn yu cu cc mn i =1
Trong : wi: trng s nh gi mc quan trng
trong mt chng trnh o to phi c thi gian hc khc nhau (C5).
ca rng buc th i.(wi [0,1], i =1 wi = 1 ).
5
 23 24

Ci(x): tng ng vi gi tr pht ca rng buc th i.

x: thi kho biu cn nh gi.

Nh vy mc tiu ca hm nh gi ca F1(x) l t c gi tr nh
nht, yu cu ca bi ton l phi tho mn c tt c cc rng buc
tc l: F(x) = 0.

Mc tiu cn t c l xy dng hm F(x) t gi tr nh nht.

3.4. nh gi v kt qu thc hin

Hnh 3.7. Kt qu sau 200 c th
Qua qu trnh ci t chng trnh v m phng thut gii
trong iu kin l tng, nh tho cc sc cha cc phng, s lng Hnh 3.8 kt qu ln thc hin th 2, tn ti c th tho mn cc rng
phng iu tho mn, gio vin khng yu cu th chng trnh t buc sau 100 c th.
mt s kt qu tt. Bng 3.1 l v d tng ng vi u vo d liu
kch c u vo nh ca bi ton. V cc tham s: S phng hc: 10,
tit hc: 9 tit/ngy, s lng c th: 20, xc sut lai: 0.5, Xc sut
t bin: 0.05, Trng s cc rng buc: w1=0, w2=0.4, w3=0.1,
w4=0.3, w5=0.2

Bng 3.1. D liu thi kho biu u vo nh

Hnh 3.8. Kt qu sau 100 c th

Hnh 3.9 cho thy trong qu trnh lai ghp, t bin vn xy ra cc c
th con khng tt hn b m ca chng. Nhng vn c cc c th tt.
Gi tr tt nht 0.1

Hnh 3.7 kt qu qua lc chy th nht, sau khi thc hin 200 c th
gi tr tt nht t c l 0.05
 25
Hnh 3.9. Kt qu sau 150 c th
Nh vy, do hn ch ca thut gii l do thut gii di truyn
s dng cc lut chuyn i gia cc c th trong qun th mang tnh
xc sut cho nn khng lc no cng cho li gii chnh xc. Tuy
nhin bi ton vn dng thut gii di truyn c th cung cp nhiu li
gii tim nng ngi s dng la chn.
26
KT LUN V KIN NGH
1. KT LUN
Tm li lun vn gii quyt c nhng vn sau:
Lun vn bc u xut phng php thut gii di truyn
vo bi ton xp thi kho biu.
Pht biu bi ton theo hng tip cn thut gii di truyn
Tm hiu v ci t c thut ton, xy dng c hm
nh gi cho cc yu cu buc phi tho mn.
Xy dng chng trnh demo v kt qu th nghim
chng minh hng tip cn thut gii di truyn vo bi ton lp lch
c th l bi ton thi kho biu l hng tip cn ng n v c
hiu qu. c bit chng trnh vi d liu th a ra c mt
thi kho biu c th.
2. HNG PHT TRIN TI
Hin nay chng ti ang pht trin chng trnh ng dng
hon chnh da vo kt qu nghin cu ny. Do thi gian hn ch
nn chng trnh cha c hon thin
Sau khi pht trin thnh cng chng trnh ng dng, hng
nghin cu tip theo ca chng ti l tm hiu ng dng thut gii di
truyn cho nhiu dng bi ton lp lch.
So snh vi cc phng php khc c v m rng nhiu
rng buc cho cc bi ton lp lch khc.