Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Clinical Guide To Chinese Herbs and Formulae PDF
A Clinical Guide To Chinese Herbs and Formulae PDF
Guide to
Chinese
Herbs and
Formulae
A Clinical
Guide to
Chinese
Herbs and
Formulae
Foreword by Giovanni Maciocia
GM CAc (Nanjing)
Acupuncturist and Chinese Herbalist; Lecturer,
Chen Song Yu
Norsk Akupuncktur Skole, Oslo, Norway; Lecturer, Director of the Teaching and Research Section of Chinese
Acupuncture Foundation of Ireland, Dublin, Materia Medica,
Republic of Ireland; Honorary Lecturer, Nanjing
Nanjing College of Traditional Medicine,
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,
Nanjing, People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
EDINBURGH LONDON MADRID MELBOURNE NEW YORK
AND TOKYO 1993
Contents
Part 3:
Parti:
Application of herbs on the basis of the
A comparison of the actions and indications
differentiation of patterns of the Zang Fu
of some common Chinese herbs
22. The Lungs 91
1. Herbs that Release the Exterior 3
23. The Heart 95
2. Herbs that clear Heat 8
24. The Spleen, Stomach and Large
3. Herbs that purge and promote
Intestines 99
digestion 14
25. The Liver and Gall Bladder 104
4. Herbs that resolve Phlegm and stop
coughing and wheezing 16 26. The Kidneys and Bladder 108
Appendix 1:
Pin Yin names of herbs with Latin
equivalents 252
Appendix 2:
Latin names of herbs with Pin Yin
equivalents 255
Appendix 3:
Pin Yin names of formulae with English
equivalents 258
Appendix 4:
English names of formulae with Pin Yin
equivalents 264
Appendix 5:
Formulae and constituent herbs 270
Index 289
Foreword
The essence of Chinese herbal medicine is in the to one's chosen treatment strategy. The book
art of adapting a formula to a particular does this admirably and fills a gap in the
patient's disharmony. An adapted formula is existing literature on Chinese herbal medicine.
like a mirror reflection of a particular imbalance The case histories are an invaluable part of the
of Qi. The harmonization of herbs within a book illustrating how formulae are adapted in
formula is comparable to the balancing of practice.
acupuncture points within a treatment. The authors of this book, Professors Chen
However, balancing the herbs within a Song Yu and Professor Li Fei are eminent
prescription is all the more intricate as careful teachers from the Nanjing College of
account should be taken of the tastes of the Traditional Chinese Medicine which is one of
herbs. the foremost institutions for the teaching of
After diagnosing the patient's disharmony Chinese medicine. Between them, they have
and deciding on a strategy of treatment with an accumulated over 60 years of clinical practice
appropriate formula, adapting it must take into and teaching, and they are the authors of many
account many different factors: the constitution important textbooks of Chinese herbal
of the patient, the state of his or her digestive medicine.
system, his or her mental-emotional state, the The translator of the book, Associate-
combination of tastes and energies within the Professor Jin Hui De is head of the interpreters'
formula, and the harmonization of herbs with group of the Nanjing College of Traditional
different movements (floating or sinking, Chinese Medicine. He was co-translator of the
ascending or descending). Taking all these now famous 'Essentials of Chinese
factors into account, to adapt the chosen Acupuncture' as well as many other Chinese
formula to the unique patient's disharmony is a medicine textbooks in English. He is uniquely
very delicate and intricate task. qualified to translate medical texts as he is also
Such a task can be carried out if one masters a doctor of Chinese medicine.
not only the action of herbs and formulae, but This book is therefore a welcome addition to
also the differentiation between herbs and the scanty literature on Chinese herbal
formulae with similar functions. The main medicine and one that deserves to be in every
emphasis of this book is exactly to illustrate practitioner's clinic.
how to combine herbs and how to differentiate
between single herbs and formulae in relation 1993 Giovanni Maciocia
Subject Editor's Preface
1993 F.D.
Part 1:
A comparison of the
actions and indications
of some common
Chinese herbs
with
i Yang
romes
EYES
nose,
: is an Periostracum Fructus
Cicadae Xanthii
ig the
Folium Mori Flos Magnoliae
disor-
Ftas Radix Angelicae
Chrysanthem Dahuncae
>matic
Fructus Vilici Herba Asari
pain,
s and
doses,
TAIYANG
thus THROAT CHANNa
respi- Herba Menthae Rhizoma seu
'isable Fructus Arctii Radix Notopterygii
3g, Penostracum Cicadae
Fig. 1.2 Herbs that eliminate Wind from the head and neck.
Differences
FRUCTUS VITICISt RADIX ANGELICAE
Radix Bupleuri and Radix Puerariae are
DAHURICAE and FLOS
often combined to Release the Exterior and
CHRYSANTHEMI
reduce fever. Radix Bupleuri enters the Shao
Man Jing Zi, Bai Zhi and Ju Hua Yang channel and treats alternating fever
and chills due to Shao Yang disharmony.
Similarities Radix Puerariae enters the Yang Ming
All are commonly used in the treatment of channel and treats a feverish sensation of the
headache due to invasion of External Wind body, with thirst and stiffness of the neck
(Fig. 1.3). and back.
Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Differences both raise Central Qi and are thus often used
Fructus Viticis acts similarly to Flos in the treatment of prolapse due to sinking of
Chrysanthemi in expelling Wind Heat and Central Qi.
clearing Heat from the head and eyes. Radix Puerariae and Rhizoma Cimicifugae
However, Fructus Viticis strongly relieves both express skin eruptions and are thus
pain and is only slightly cold in nature. It can used in the early stage of measles or for any
thus be used to treat Wind-Cold headache skin rash which has not fully erupted.
when combined with Radix Angelicae Radix Bupleuri also promotes the smooth
Dahuricae, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii circulation of Liver Qi and is thus an impor
and Radix Ledebouriellae. tant herb for Stagnant Liver Qi. Radix
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae expels Wind- Puerariae promotes Body Fluids and relieves
Cold and is thus indicated for Wind-Cold thirst, and is thus indicated for thirst
headache on the Yang Ming channel. during febrile diseases as well as for
Thirsting and Wasting syndromes. Rhizoma
Cimicifugae clears Heat and Poison, and is
thus indicated for swelling, pain and erosion
RADIX BUPLEURI, RADIX PUERARIAE of the gums, mouth ulcers and erysipelas on
AND RHIZOMA CIMICIFUGAE the face.
Similarities
Questions
All Release the Exterior, reduce fever and
raise the Qi of the Middle Burner. They are 1. Compare and contrast the actions of Herba
thus indicated for fever due to External Ephedrae and Ramulus Cinnamomi in
Invasion and for sinking of Central Qi. Releasing the Exterior. What other
FRONTAL
GENERALLY
Radix Ledebouriellae
Fructus Zanthyii
Fructus Viticus
nicifugae
are thus
r for any
id.
: smooth
n impor-
'i. Radix
I relieves
or thirst
as for
Rhizoma
n, and is
d erosion
ipelas on
of Herba
nomi in
t other
2 Herbs that clear Heat
Similarities
Similarities
All are sweet and cold in nature and clear
Both clear Full Heat at the Nutritive (Ying)
Lung and Stomach Heat. They treat External
level, and Lung and Stomach Fire. They are
Heat at the Qi level, and Internal Heat
thus indicated for febrile disease at the
patterns of the Lung and Stomach with
Nutritive (Ying) level, for cough and wheeze
symptoms of fever and thirst.
due to Lung Heat and for headache,
toothache and Wasting and Thirsting
syndromes due to Stomach Heat. Differences
Rhizoma Phragmitis is more effective in
clearing Lung Heat with symptoms of cough
Differences and lung abscess. It also clears Stomach
Gypsum Fibrosum is extremely cold in Heat, stops vomiting, promotes Body Fluids
nature and has a strong action in clearing and alleviates thirst.
Full Heat. Calcined Gypsum Fibrosum is Radix Trichosanthis clears Heat and
used externally to astringe skin ulcers and promotes Body Fluids. It is often used where
promote tissue regeneration. It is thus fluids have been consumed by febrile
indicated for boils, ulcers, burns and disease, and for Thirsting and Wasting
eczema. syndromes. It moistens the Lung and
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae clears both Full and resolves Phlegm and is thus used to treat
Empty Heat. It nourishes Yin, quells Fire, productive cough due to Lung Dryness. It
promotes Body Fluids and moistens also relieves swelling and drains pus in cases
dryness. It is thus indicated for dry cough, of boils and carbuncles caused by Fire
tidal fever, night sweats and nocturnal Poison.
emissions due to Lung and Kidney Yin Folium Phyllostachyos clears Heat, particu
deficiency. larly Heart Heat. It relieves restlessness
Raw Gypsum Fibrosum is prescribed in and promotes diuresis. It is thus
large doses for oral administration. It should indicated for pathogenic Heat at the Qi
be broken into pieces and decocted prior to and Nutritive (Ying) levels, urinary disor
the addition of other ingredients of the ders due to Heat and mouth and tongue
prescription. Due to its extremely cold ulcers.
nature, it is contraindicated where there is Herba Lophatheri is similar to Folium
Spleen Yang deficiency. Rhizoma Phyllostachyos in action, but is less
Anemarrhenae is also cold in nature, and effective in clearing Heart Heat and relieving
moistens the intestines. For this reason it is restlessness. However, it is more effective in
contraindicated where there is Spleen clearing Heat generally and in promoting
deficiency giving rise to loose stools. diuresis.
Herbs that clear Heat
Spea Prunellae
Rtieoma Belamcandrae
Semen Cassae
Radix Sophorae Rhizoma Coplidis
Subprostratae i Radix Sophorae
Flavescentis
Cwtex Lyai Radios Raflu Isatdis t Herba Taraxici
Radix Scrophularee Gypsum Fibrosum
Rhi2oma Phragmihs
r - Folium Radix Tnchosanihis
Radix Tnchosanthis - 1 Phyilostachyos Rhizoma Coplidis
Rhizoma Coptidis
\ Herba Lopnalhen Radix Scutellariae
Cortex PrieHodendn
Bhizcma Coplidis Spica Prunellae
- Flos Loncerae
Fructus
Semen Cassiae
Gardeniae Herba Taraxici
L. Fructus L Indigo Naturalis
Forsyihiae
Radix Gentianae
IX --Codex Fraxmi
[ Fructus Forsythiae
A Herba Tarawa
Herba Violas
Folium IsaWis
r Dan Zhu
Indigo Naturalis
L Herba Poiiuiacae
and clear
it External
Fig. 2.1 Differentiation of Herbs that clear Heat according to area of action.
rnal Heat
nach with
Radix Scutellariae clears Lung Heat, reduces
RHIZOMA COPTIDIS, RADIX
Gall Bladder Fire, clears Heat to prevent
SCUTELLARIAE and CORTEX
miscarriage, cools the Blood and stops
PHELLODENDRI
ffective in bleeding. It is thus indicated for cough and
ts of cough Huang Lian, Huang Qin, and Huang Bat wheeze due to Lung Heat or Fire, Shao Yang
i Stomach syndrome with hypochondriac pain and
ody Fluids Similarities jaundice, threatened abortion due to Heat
All are bitter and cold in nature and clear and spitting of blood and epistaxis due to
-feat and Heat, quell Fire, dry Dampness and clear Blood Heat.
ised where Poison. They are often combined in cases of Cortex Phellodendri reduces Empty Heat,
by febrile Heat and Fire in all three Burners (Fig. 2.1). clears Damp-Heat from the Lower Burner
i Wasting They all treat Damp-Heat, including Damp- and relieves jaundice. It is thus indicated
^ung and Heat in the intestines presenting with signs for nocturnal emissions and hypersexu-
;d to treat of dysentery, as well as Fire Poison patterns. ality due to Empty Fire in the Lower
Dryness. It Due to their cold and bitter nature, all three Burner, as well as for Damp-Heat giving
ius in cases can damage the Yang and digestive Qi; due rise to symptoms such as festering ulcers,
i by Fire to their bitter and dry nature, they can eczema, paralysis of the lower limbs, painful
consume Yin. They should be used carefully joints, turbid urine, leucorrhoea and
it, particu- in cases of Spleen Yang deficiency or Yin jaundice.
estlessness deficiency.
is thus
at the Qi Differences RADIX SOPHORAE FLAVESCENTIS
lary disor- Rhizoma Coptidis strongly clears Heart,
Ku Shen
nd tongue Stomach and Liver Heat and Poison. It is
thus indicated for Heart Fire Blazing with Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is similar to
to Folium symptoms of restlessness, mouth and Cortex Phellodendri in its action of clearing
t is less tongue ulcers or coma, for retention of Heat and drying Dampness. It also kills
d relieving Damp-Heat with discomfort in the epigas parasites and relieves itching in the treat
effective in trium, for Liver Fire giving rise to eye disor ment of eczema, scabies, leucorrhoea, gener
promoting ders and for carbuncles and ulcers due to alized pruritus and pruritus vulvae. It
Fire Poison. promotes diuresis and is thus used for
10 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs
oedema and urinary disturbance due to B. Herbs that clear Heat and
Damp-Heat. It is reported that this herb
Fire Poison
also treats cardiac arrhythmia. Due to its
very bitter and cold nature, it may
damage the digestion if taken in large FLOS LONICERAE AND FRUCTUS
doses or over a long time. It is often used FORSYTHIAE
as an ingredient of patent remedies in the
Jin Yin Hua and Lian Qiao
form of a pill or powder, or is applied exter
nally.
Similarities
Both herbs clear Heat and Poison and are
thus indicated for all Fire Poison patterns
RADIX GENTIANAE, FRUCTUS including febrile disease, boils, carbuncles
GARDENIAE, SPICA PRUNELLAE and and ulcers.
SEMEN CASSIAE
Differences
Long Dan Cao, Zhi Zi, Xia Ku Cao and Jue
Flos Lonicerae also clears Summer Heat and
Ming Zi
treats dysentery with bleeding due to Fire
Poison. Caulis Lonicerae is similar to Flos
Similarities
Lonicerae in clearing Heat and removing
All four clear Liver Heat and improve vision
obstructions in the channels. Both treat
and are thus indicated for headache and eye
Febrile Bi syndrome.
disorders due to Liver Fire.
Fructus Forsythiae clears Heart Fire and
disperses masses. It is thus indicated for
Differences
febrile disease at the Nutritive (Ying) level
Radix Gentianae has a strong action in
and Heat in the Heart, as well as for
reducing Liver Fire and clearing Damp-Heat
carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to Fire
in the Liver Channel. It is thus indicated for
Poison, and tuberculosis of the lymph
high fever, convulsions and headache due to
nodes. It is especially useful for skin
Heat or Fire in the Liver Channel, and for
disease.
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner giving rise
to symptoms such as swelling in the pubic
region, swelling and pain of the scrotum,
pruritus vulvae and a thick yellow vaginal
HERBA TARAXACI AND HERBA
discharge.
VIOLAE
Fructus Gardeniae clears Heart Heat,
relieves restlessness, clears Damp-Heat and Pu Gong Ying and Zi Hua Di Ding
Poison, cools Blood and stops bleeding. It is
thus indicated for stuffiness of the chest and Similarities
restlessness due to Heart Heat, jaundice and Both clear Heat and Poison, and are thus
urinary disturbance due to Damp-Heat, indicated for carbuncles, boils and ulcers
spitting of blood, epistaxis and haematuria due to Fire Poison.
due to Heat in the Blood, and for carbuncles
and ulcers due to Fire Poison. Differences
Spica Prunellae clears Liver Heat and Herba Taraxaci is especially effective in
Stagnation and is thus indicated for treating mastitis. It also clears Heat in
headache, dizziness, and redness of the eyes the Liver and Gall Bladder and Damp-Heat.
due to Liver Fire and Liver Yang Rising, as It is thus indicated for hypochondriac pain
well as for tuberculosis of the lymph nodes and jaundice due to Damp-Heat in the Liver
and simple goitre. and Gall Bladder, epigastric pain due to
Semen Cassiae is more effective in clearing Stomach Heat and urinary disease due to
Liver Heat and improving vision and is Heat.
thus indicated for eye disorders due to Herba Violae is especially effective in
Liver Heat and Fire. It also moistens the treating carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to
intestines and relieves constipation with dry its strong action in eliminating Fire Poison. It
stool. also cools Blood and stops bleeding.
Herbs that clear Heat 11
RHIZOMA PARIDIS
Herba Portulacae also treats eczema, carbun
cles, swelling and uterine bleeding.
Chuan Xin Lian and Zao Xiu Radix Pulsatillae treats dysentery with
5 are thus
bleeding due to Fire Poison. It is effective
ind ulcers Similarities against both bacillary dysentery and
Both herbs clear Heat and Poison and amoebic dysentery.
are thus indicated for all Fire Poison Cortex Fraxini clears Damp-Heat and is thus
patterns. indicated for Damp-Heat leucorrhoea. It also
ffective in
clears Liver Heat and improves vision and is
i Heat in Differences thus indicated for eye disorders due to Liver
amp-Heat. Herba Andrographitis is widely used in Fire.
idriac pain the treatment of various infections, particu
n the Liver larly of the intestinal tract and respiratory
iin due to system. It is similar to Rhizoma Coptidis in
CAULIS SARGENTODOXAE AND
ise due to nature and action. Rhizoma Paridis is
HERBA PATRINIAE
indicated for poisonous snake bites and
^ective in cancer. It clears Heat and stops convul Hong Teng and Bai Jiang Cao
:ers due to sions, and is thus indicated for infantile
e Poison. It convulsions or any convulsion due to high Similarities
and are thus indicated for appendicitis, as bleeding, relieves skin eruptions, clears
well as abdominal pain in women due to Heat and expels Wind, and is thus indicated
stagnation of Qi and Blood. for bleeding and skin eruptions due to
Blood Heat, as well as for Liver Wind due
Differences to Heat. Cornu Bubali can be substituted,
Caulis Sargentodoxae is more effective in but must be prescribed in larger doses
moving Blood and is thus indicated for (15-30 g).
contusions and sprains, irregular menstrua Calculus Bovis is more effective in clearing
tion and Wind-Damp Bi syndrome. Heart Heat and opening the orifices, as
Herba Patriniae is more effective in clearing well as in clearing Heat and Fire Poison,
Heat and draining pus and is thus indicated and is thus indicated for coma in febrile
for carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to Fire diseases, and Fire Poison patterns.
Poison. Calculus Bovis Factitius can be substi
tuted.
s, clears
Radix Rehmanniae Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
indicated
due to Cold Warm
Vind due
bstituted, Cools Blood (and stops bleeding) Tonifies Blood
er doses
Clears Heat
< Paeoniae
Questions
circulation
s indicated 1. Compare and contrast the actions and
by Stasis. indications of Gypsum Fibrosum and
;x Moutan Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei clears Heat and Fire Poison purges the intestines
Folium Cassiae
stines
Fructus Crataegi meat
itestines
Fructus Oryzae Germinatus -^^^ rice
Similarities
Both are pungent, warm and toxic in nature
SEMEN SINAPIS ALBAE
and resolve Cold Phlegm by warming or
drying Dampness. They are thus indicated BaiJieZi
for patterns of Cold Phlegm or Damp
This herb is similar to Rhizoma Pinelliae in
Phlegm. External application relieves
resolving Cold Phlegm with warmth. It is
swelling and pain and they are used in the
treatment of boils and ulcers.
more effective in promoting the circulation
of Qi and dispersing masses and is indicated
Differences for Phlegm between the skin and muscles,
retention of fluid in the hypochondrium and
Rhizoma Pinelliae conducts Rebellious Qi
Yin-type jaundice.
downward and stops vomiting and is thus
indicated for vomiting due to Rebellious
Stomach Qi. It also relieves fullness and
disperses lumps and is thus indicated for a RADIX PLATYCODI, RADIX
distressing sensation of fullness in the PEUCEDANI, RHIZOMA CYNANCHI
epigastrium and for Plum-Stone Qi (the STAUNTONII AND FLOS INULAE
sensation of a foreign body in the throat).
fie Geng, Qian Hu, Bai Qian and Xuan Fu
Rhizoma Arisaematis eliminates Wind Hua
Phlegm and stops convulsions, and is thus
indicated for Wind Phlegm patterns such as Similarities
dizziness and vertigo, deviation of the All resolve Phlegm and stop cough and are
mouth and eye, hemiplegia and tetanus. It thus indicated for cough with profuse
is bitter and cool in nature and also cools sputum.
Heat.
Differences
Radix Platycodi and Radix Peucedani both
RHIZOMA ARISAEMATIS AND promote the Lung's function of dispersing
RHIZOMA TYPHONII and are thus indicated for cough due to an
impairment of the Lung's dispersing
Tian Nan Xing and BaiFuZi function following an invasion of the Lung
by pathogenic factors. Radix Platycodi also
Similarities
eases the throat and drains pus and is thus
Both eliminate Wind Phlegm and stop indicated for sore throat and lung abscess.
convulsion and are thus indicated for Radix Peucedani also conducts Rebellious
pattern? ur Wind Phlegm, including tetanus
Qi downward and is thus indicated for
and deviation of the mouth and eye.
cough and wheeze when Lung Qi fails to
Herbs that resolve Phlegm 17
descend due to retention of Phlegm in the more effective in opening the chest and
d lungs.
Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii and Flos
regulating Qi. Semen Trichosanthis is more
effective in moistening the lungs and
Inulae both conduct Rebellious Qi intestines and relieving constipation.
downward and resolve Phlegm. They are Bulbus Fritillariae is more effective than
thus indicated for cough with profuse Fructus Trichosanthis in moistening the
sputum, and wheeze due to failure of the lungs and stopping cough. It also clears Heat
Lung Qi to descend. Flos Inulae also sends and disperses masses and is indicated for
Stomach Qi downward and is thus indicated tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, abscess and
for vomiting and hiccup due to Rebellious swelling. It is sweet and moist in nature and
Stomach Qi. is often used in the treatment of Yin
deficiency and Lung dryness due to chronic
illness. Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii is
ampness
FRUCTUS TRICHOSANTHIS AND bitter and discharging in nature and is often
ndicated
BULBUS FRITILLARIAE used in the treatment of Fire Poison patterns
Rhizoma
due to External Invasion.
?rs of the Gua Lou and Bei Mu
Radix Asteris
Caulis Bambusae '
L Fbs Farfarae
iani both
ispersing
iue to an
ispersing
the Lung
codi also
id is thus
; abscess.
Rebellious
cated for
Fig. 4.1 Local actions of herbs that resolve Phlegm.
)i fails to
18 Part 1: Actions ami indications of some common Chinese herbs
and wheezing Both clear Lung Heat and stop cough and
are thus indicated for cough due to Lung
Heat.
SEMEN ARMENIACAE AMARUM AND
FRUCTUS PERILLAE Differences
Differences
Herba Ephedrae promotes the dispersing
ICTUS function of the Lung and is thus indicated
for asthma when the dispersing function of
the Lung is impaired due to an Excess
pattern.
Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae reduces
ugh and
Lung Fire and soothes asthma and is thus
to Lung
indicated for cough and wheeze due to Lung
Fire and the retention of Phlegm Fluid.
Semen Ginkgo astringes the lungs and
soothes asthma, and is thus indicated for
:h Heat,
chronic cough and wheeze due to Lung Qi
ind stops Deficiency.
vomiting
iver and
ndicated Questions
Rising. 1. Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Arisaematis,
Fructus Trichosanthis and Bulbus Fritillariae
all resolve Phlegm. Compare and contrast
EMEN their other actions and indications.
2. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Radix Platycodi, Radix
Peucedani, Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii
and Flos Inulae.
3. What are the differences in action of Semen
Armeniacae Amaru m, Fructus Perillae,
wheeze,
Herba Ephedrae and Semen Lepidii seu
ng. They
Descurainiae?
leeze due
ective in
20
Similarities
Differences
All are cold in nature and eliminate Wind
Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Damp. They are thus indicated for Wind
Pubescentis are warm and dry in nature and Damp Bi syndromes with signs of heat.
are more effective in eliminating Cold
Damp. They are thus indicated for Bi Differences
syndromes in which Cold Damp predomi Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae eliminates
nates. Radix Notopterygii goes upward and Wind Damp without drying and is thus
is thus used for Bi syndromes involving the referred to as a moist herb for eliminating
upper body. It also strongly Releases the Wind. It also clears Empty Heat and is thus
Exterior and so is used for Exterior patterns used for Bi syndromes with heat signs due to
complicated with Dampness. Radix Blood and Yin Deficiency. It also treats fever
Angelicae Pubescentis is less effective in and tidal fever due to Yin Deficiency, and
Releasing the Exterior, but it strongly elimi Damp-Heat-type jaundice.
nates Wind-Damp and so is commonly used Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae is more effec
in the treatment of Bi syndromes. Its action tive in eliminating Dampness and is thus
goes downward and it is more effective for indicated for Damp Bi syndromes. It also
treating the lower body. If Bi syndromes promotes diuresis and relieves swelling and
affect the entire body, these herbs are used in thus treats oedema.
combination.
Herba Siegesbeckia and Folium Clerodendri
Radix Clematidis is more effective in elimi eliminate Wind Damp, remove obstruction
nating Wind, removing obstructions from from the channels and lower blood pressure.
the channels, and relieving pain. It is thus They are thus indicated for Wind Damp Bi
indicated for Wandering Bi, in which syndromes, numbness of the limbs and
pathogenic Wind predominates. It also body, hemiplegia and hypertension.
Herbs that eliminate Wind-Damp 21
iminates
is thus
ninating
d is thus
Rhizoma Cyboti
ns due to
ats fever
ncy, and Rtaoma seu
Radix
rodendri
struction
pressure.
Fig. 5.1 Differentiation of herbs that eliminate Wind-Damp according to area of action.
22 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs
Similarities
All eliminate Wind-Damp, tonify the Liver
and Kidney and strengthen the tendons and
bones, and are thus indicated for chronic Bi
syndromes, weakness of the tendons and
bones and lumbar pain with atrophic
debility of bones.
Differences
Ramulus Loranthi tonifies the Kidney,
prevents miscarriage and lowers blood
pressure and is thus used for Restless Fetus
due to Kidney Deficiency and for hyperten
sion.
Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis promotes
diuresis and relieves swelling and is thus
indicated for oedema. Acanthopanax (Nan
Wu ]ia) is more effective in eliminating
Wind-Damp and strengthening the bones
and tendons while Periploca Sepium (Bai
Wu ]ia) is more effective in promoting
diuresis and relieving swelling.
Rhizoma Cibotii is more effective in
tonifying the Kidneys and is thus indicated
for back pain (Fig. 5.1), frequent urination
and leucorrhoea due to Kidney Deficiency.
Questions
1. How do Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis differ in
their actions?
2. How do Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae differ in their
actions?
3. How do Fructus Chaenomelis, Ramulus
Loranthi, Ramulus Mori and Agkistrodon
Acutus differ in their actions and indica
tions?
23
dampness EUPATORII
Dampness. They are indicated for Herba Agastachis also Releases the Exterior
patterns of Dampness invading the and stops vomiting, and is thus indicated for
Spleen and Stomach, giving rise to Exterior patterns of Summer Heat and
symptoms of distension and fullness in Dampness and for vomiting due to Turbid
and a sticky tongue coating. Because Herba Eupatorii is more effective in elimi
bitter and dry herbs consume Body nating Summer Heat, resolving Dampness
Fluids they are contraindicated in cases of and regulating the function of the Stomach.
Yin Deficiency and consumption of Body It is thus used for poor appetite with a sweet
Differences Stomach.
Middle and Lower Burners. It also invigo for urinary disturbances due to Damp-Heat
rates the Spleen, regulates Qi and prevents in the Lower Burner.
miscarriage.
Semen Amomi Cardamomi is more effective Differences
in treating stagnation of Qi and Dampness in Semen Plantaginis clears Liver Heat and
the Middle and Upper Burners. improves vision, and clears Lung Heat and
resolves Phlegm. It is thus indicated for
redness, swelling and pain in the eyes due to
Heat and Fire in the Liver and for productive
B. Herbs that drain dampness cough due to Lung Heat. This herb tends to
float on the surface of a decoction and
PORIA, POLYPORUS UMBELLATUS, should therefore be wrapped before
RHIZOMA ALISMATIS AND SEMEN cooking.
COICIS Talcum clears Summer Heat and is thus
indicated for patterns of Summer Heat and
Fu Ling, Zhu Ling, Ze Xie and Yi Yi Ren
Dampness. It should be wrapped before
adding to a decoction to avoid making the
Similarities
decoction turbid.
All are bland in nature and eliminate
Caulis Clematidis Armandii clears Heart
Dampness by diuresis. They are thus
Fire, removes obstruction from the channels
indicated for oedema, dysuria, diarrhoea
and promotes the secretion of milk. It is thus
and retention of Phlegm and Fluid.
indicated for mouth and tongue ulcers due
to Heart Fire, as well as for Febrile Bi
Differences
syndromes and obstruction of milk secre
Poria and Semen Coicis both invigorate the tion.
Spleen and are thus indicated for retention
Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis (Guan
of Dampness due to Spleen Deficiency.
Mu Tong) is toxic and it is therefore advisable
Poria also calms the Mind. Semen Coicis
not to administer it in large doses.
treats Bi syndromes by draining Dampness
and treats lung abscess and appendicitis
by clearing Heat and draining pus. Poria Warm herbs that DRY Damp
peel (Fu Ling Pi) is more effective in
promoting diuresis. Poria cum Ligno Rhizoma Atractylodis
Hospite (Fu Shen) is more effective in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
calming the Mind.
Polyporus Umbellatus and Rhizoma Aromatic herbs that RESOLVE Damp
Alismatis strongly promote diuresis (Fig.
6.1). This is the sole action of Polyporus Herba Agastachis
Herba Eupatorii
Umbellatus, while Rhizoma Alismatis also Fructus Amomi
clears Heat from the Kidneys and Bladder Semen Amomi Cardamomi
and is thus used to treat Damp-Heat in the Pericardium Citri Reticulatae
Lower Burner. It is also indicated for dizzi
ness and vertigo due to retention of Phlegm Bland herbs that DRAIN Damp
and Fluid.
Poria, especially the peel
Polyporus Umbellatus
Rhizoma Alismatis
SEMEN PLANTAGINIS, TALCUM and Semen Coicis
Semen Plantaginis
CAULIS CLEMATIDIS ARMANDII
Talcum
Che Qian Zi, Hua Shi and Chuan Mu Tong Caulis Clematidis Armandii
Herba Lysimachiae
Spora lygodii
Similarities Folium Pyrrosiae
All clear heat, drain Dampness and relieve
urinary disturbance and are thus indicated Fig. 6.1 Three ways that herbs eliminate Damp.
Herbs that resolve and drain Dampness 25
. is thus Differences
rleat and Herba Lysimachiae and Spora Lygodii are
d before major herbs for stones. Herba Lysimachiae
iking the and Caulis Lygodii (Hai Jin Sha Teng) also
clear heat, drain Dampness and relieve
rs Heart jaundice and are thus indicated for Damp-
channels Heat jaundice.
It is thus Folium Pyrrosiae also clears Lung Heat,
leers due stops cough and wheeze, cools Blood
ebrile Bi and stops bleeding. It is thus indicated for
ilk secre- cough and wheeze due to Lung Heat, and
for Blood Heat giving rise to haemop
is (Guan tysis, epistaxis, haematuria and uterine
advisable bleeding.
RHI2OMA DIOSCOREAE
SEPTEMLOBAE AND HERBA
ARTEMISIAE CAPILLARIS
Questions
1. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis and
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis.
2. How do Herba Agastachis, Herba Eupatorii
and Fructus Amomi differ in their actions?
amp. 3. How do Poria, Polyporus Umbellatus,
Rhizoma Alismatis and Semen Coicis differ
in their actions?
26
Differences
RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS, BAKED
Fructus Evodiae and Fructus Foeniculi both
GINGER, RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS
warm the Liver and disperse Cold and are
RECENS AND RHIZOMA ALPINIAE
indicated for periumbilical colic due to
OFFICINALIS
invasion by Cold. Fructus Evodiae also
Can Jiang, Pao Jiang, Sheng Jiang and Gao warms the Middle Burner and conducts
Liang Jiang Rebellious Qi downward and is thus
indicated for epigastric pain and vomiting
Similarities due to Cold in the stomach, and for epigas
AH warm the Middle Burner and disperse tric pain and acid regurgitation due to
Cold and are thus indicated for Cold disharmony between the Liver and Stomach.
patterns of the Middle Burner. It is also used to treat Jue Yin headache with
< Aconiti,
vomiting of Phlegm due to upward perver
adminis-
Differences sion of Liver Qi with Turbid Phlegm. Fructus
Rhizoma Zingiberis is a major herb to warm Foeniculi is indicated only for periumbilical
Ramulus
Spleen Yang. It also recaptures Collapsed colic due to invasion of Cold.
lant. Both
Yang, warms the Lungs and resolves Flos Caryophylli and Pericarpium
ild, warm
retained Fluid. Zanthoxyli both warm the Middle Burner,
i. Cortex
Baked ginger is more effective in warming relieve pain and stop vomiting and are thus
and the
the channels and stopping bleeding. It is indicated for epigastric pain and vomiting
Ifective in
indicated for haemorrhagic patterns due to due to Cold in the Stomach. Flos Caryophylli
Ramulus
failure of the Spleen to hold the Blood within is more effective in conducting Rebellious Qi
d the four
the vessels, with an underlying pattern of downward, and is an important herb for
casing the
Spleen Yang Deficiency. vomiting and hiccup. It also warms Kidney
5.7.1).
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is more effective Yang and is indicated for impotence due to
in warming the Middle Burner, stopping Kidney Yang Deficiency (Fig. 7.2).
vomiting and Releasing the Exterior. Pericarpium Zanthoxyli also kills parasites
Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis is more effec and is thus indicated for abdominal pain due
tive in warming the stomach and relieving to ascariasis.
pain and is thus indicated for epigastric pain
due to Cold in the stomach.
Rhizoma Zingiberis and Radix Aconiti
Praeparata both recapture Collapsed Yang B. Herbs that regulate Qi
and warm Spleen Yang, but Radix Aconiti
Praeparata is more effective in warming
PERICARPIUM CITRI RETICULATAE
Kidney Yang and recapturing Collapsed
AND PERICARPIUM CITRI
Yang while Rhizoma Zingiberis is more
RETICULATAE VIRIDE
effective in wanning Spleen Yang. Rhizoma
Zingiberis has the additional actions of Chen Pi and Qing Pi
warming the Lungs and resolving retained
Fluid, warming the channels and stopping Similarities
bleeding. Both herbs come from the same plant. The
first is ripe tangerine peel while the second is
the unripe fruit or its green peel. Both
regulate Qi and resolve Phlegm.
FRUCTUS EVODIAE, FRUCTUS
FOENICULI, FLOS CARYOPHYLLI AND
Differences
PERICARPIUM ZANTHOXYLI Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has a mild
Wu Zhu Yu, Xiao Hui Xiang, Ding Xiang action in dispersing stagnation of Qi in the
and Hua Jiao Spleen and Stomach but it also resolves
ami and Dampness and Phlegm. It is primarily used
Similarities for patterns of Damp Phlegm.
All warm the Interior, disperse Cold and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride has a
relieve pain and are indicated for pain in the stronger action in promoting the smooth
epigastrium and abdomen due to Cold. circulation of Liver Qi and dispersing
28 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs
Note that Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Cortex Cinnamomi go to all three Burners.
Both circulate Qi, resolve Phlegm and relieve Immaturus are Cold in nature and disperse
Food Retention.
stagnation and are thus indicated for stagna
tion of Qi and Phlegm and Retention of
Food. They activate the smooth muscles of
the stomach, intestines and uterus and are FRUCTUS CITRI SARCODACTYLIS and
FRUCTUS CITRI
indicated for prolapse of the internal organs.
They are administered by injection in the Fo Shou and Xiang Yuan
treatment of shock.
Similarities
Differences Both disperse stagnation of Qi in the Liver
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is more effec and Stomach and resolve Phlegm and are
tive in relieving Qi stagnation in the Middle indicated for epigastric pain due to dishar
and Lower Burners and is thus indicated for mony between the Liver and Stomach.
distension and pain in the epigastrium and
abdomen. Differences
Fructus Aurantii is more effective in Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis acts gently to
relieving Qi stagnation in the Middle and harmonize the Stomach and stop vomiting.
Upper Burners and is thus indicated for Fructus Citri has a stronger action and is
distension and fullness in the epigastrium similar to Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
and chest. Viride in promoting the smooth circulation
Herbs that warm the Interior and regulate Qi 29
irata
Pencarpwm Olri Pencarpium Ciln
Rebculatae Retculatae Vinde
Fructus AuranlH Fruclus Citn
Immaturus
arata Rhizoma Cypen
Fructus AuranUi
Fructus Meliae
Fructus Crtri Toosendan
Sarcodactylis
Recens FlosMume
Radix AucWandiae
Flos Rosae
Lignum Aquilanae Rugosae
ifficinalis
Resinalum
Rhizoma Ligustici
Cfiuanxong
xyli
arata
Fructus
teticulatae of Liver Qi and dispersing stagnant Qi Spleen and Stomach. It is used raw to
jleen and (Fig. 7.3). regulate Qi and roasted to invigorate the
tnmaturus Spleen and stop diarrhoea.
ffective in Radix Linderae warms the Lower Burner
urn Citri RHIZOMA CYPERI, RADIX and is indicated for pain and a cold sensa
iculatae is AUCKLANDIAE, RADIX LINDERAE tion in the lower abdomen.
ily to dry AND LIGNUM AQUILARIAE Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum warms the
;m while RESINATUM Interior, disperses Cold, regulates Qi and
Aurantii conducts Rebellious Qi downward. It
Xiang Fu, Mu Xiang, Wu Yao and Chen
d disperse stops vomiting by warming the Stomach
Xiang
and conducting Rebellious Stomach Qi
downward, and treats asthma by conduc
Similarities
ting Rebellious Lung Qi downward and
All are pungent and warm in nature, and
tfLIS and wanning the Kidneys so they receive
regulate Qi and relieve pain. They are
the Qi. It is added to a decoction at the
indicated for pain in the epigastrium
end of cooking or is administered as a
and abdomen due to stagnation of Qi and
powder.
Cold.
Differences
indicated for irregular menstruation and
Fructus Meliae Toosendan clears Liver Heat dysmenorrhoea due to Qi and Blood
and promotes the smooth circulation of Stagnation resulting from Stagnation of
Liver Qi and is indicated for pain and a Liver Qi.
sensation of heat. It also expels parasites.
Rhizoma Corydalis is more effective in
relieving pain as it also invigorates the circu
lation of Blood. It is indicated for pain due to Questions
Qi and Blood Stagnation.
1. How do Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Radix
Aconiti differ in their actions and indica
tions?
BULBUSALLIIMACROSTEMIAND
FRUCTUS TRICHOSANTHIS 2. How do Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma
Zingiberis and Cortex Cinnamomi differ in
Xie Bai and Gua Lou
their actions and indications?
3. How do Rhizoma Zingiberis, Rhizoma
Similarities
Zingiberis Recens and Baked ginger differ in
Both regulate Qi, open the chest and invigo
their actions and indications?
rate Yang and are thus indicated for Chest Bi 4. How do Cortex Cinnamomi and Ramulus
syndromes due to retention of Turbid
Cinnamomi differ in their actions and
Phlegm and hindrance of Heart Yang. indications?
5. Compare and contrast the actions of Fructus
Differences
Evodiae, Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis and
Bulbus Allii Macrostemi is pungent and Flos Caryophylli.
warm in nature and is more effective in
6. Compare and contrast the actions and
invigorating Yang than Fructus
indications of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Trichosanthis. It also circulates Qi and and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride.
disperses stagnation and is indicated for
7. Compare and contrast the actions and
dysentery with symptoms of abdominal
indications of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
pain and tenesmus.
and Fructus Aurantii.
'C Fructus Trichosanthis is more effective in Radix Aucklandiae, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix
resolving Phlegm than Bulbus Allii
Linderae, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum,
Macrostemi. It also moistens the lungs and
Fructus Meliae Toosendan and Rhizoma
stops cough and moistens the intestines and
Corydalis all regulate Qi and relieve pain.
relieves constipation.
How do they differ?
Similarities
Both promote the smooth circulation of
Liver Qi and are indicated for stuffiness of
the chest, hypochondriac pain and mental
depression due to Liver Qi Stagnation. They
regulate Qi without injuring Qi and Yin but
do not have a strong action.
Differences
Flos Mume is more effective in relieving
depression and is thus indicated for depres
sive patterns.
Flos Rosae Rugosae activates Blood circula
tion and regulates menstruation and is thus
31
nd Radix
i indica-
Differences Similarities
Radix Sanguisorbae cools Blood and stops All stop bleeding by astringing and are
dysentery, and clears Fire Poison and acts on indicated for various haemorrhagic patterns.
the skin. It is thus indicated for bloody
dysentery, carbuncles, boils, ulcers and Differences
burns.
Rhizoma Bletillae effectively stops bleeding
Flos Sophorae is more effective in stopping in various haemorrhagic patterns. It also
bleeding due to haemorrhoids. It also clears relieves swelling and promotes healing
Liver Fire and is indicated for headache and and is thus indicated for haemoptysis due
redness of the eyes. to cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis and
32 Part 1: Actions a?id indications of some common Chinese herbs
for chronic festering abscesses, ulcers and Blood and pain due to trauma. It is also
boils. indicated for various patterns of Blood
Herba Agrimoniae is indicated for Stagnation in internal medicine and gynae
pulmonary tuberculosis with cough and for cology.
Food Retention with diarrhoea, Blood Radix Rubiae cools and moves Blood, stops
Deficiency due to overwork and stress, and bleeding and regulates menstruation. It is
cancer. thus indicated for haemorrhagic patterns
Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis is used in its due to Blood Heat complicated with Stasis,
raw form to cool Blood, dispel Blood Stasis as well as amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea
and stop bleeding. It is charred to stop due to Blood Stasis, contusions and sprains
bleeding by astringing. and Wind-Damp Bi syndromes.
Pollen Typhae resolves Blood Stasis and
promotes diuresis and is thus indicated for
PETIOLUS TRACHYCARPI urinary disorders with haematuria. In its
CARBONISATUS AND CRINIS raw form it is more effective in resolving
CARBONISATUS Blood Stasis and relieving pain, while its
stir-baked form is more effective in stopping
Zong Lu Tan and Xue Yu Tan
bleeding.
Similarities
- Both stop bleeding by astringing and are
indicated for haemorrhagic patterns. FOLIUM ARTEMISIAE ARGYI, BAKED
YELLOW EARTH AND BAKED
Differences GINGER
Petiolus Trachycarpi Carbonisatus is
Ai Ye, Zao Xin Tu and Pao Jiang
strongly astringent and can thus aggravate
Blood Stasis. It is often used in the treatment
Similarities
of uterine bleeding.
All warm the channels and stop bleeding
Crinis Carbonisatus not only astringes to
and are thus indicated for Deficient and
stop bleeding but also treats Blood Stasis
Cold haemorrhagic patterns.
and is thus more widely used. It is often
used in the treatment of uterine bleeding,
Differences
haemoptysis, haematemesis, epistaxis and
Folium Artemisiae Argyi warms the uterus
bloody stool.
and regulates menstruation and is thus
indicated for uterine bleeding and dysmen
orrhoea due to Deficiency and Cold. It
RADIX NOTOGINSENG, RADIX
treats infertility due to Cold in the Uterus
RUBIAE AND POLLEN TYPHAE
and prevents miscarriage. It also soothes
San Qi, Qian Cao and Pu Huang asthma and is thus used in the treatment of
asthma due to Cold. It is also used for
Similarities moxibustion.
All treat Blood Stasis and stop bleeding Baked yellow earth warms the Middle
and are thus used for haemorrhagic Burner and stops bleeding and diarrhoea. It
patterns. They are most effective in the treat is thus indicated for bleeding due to a failure
ment of bleeding complicated with Blood of Spleen Yang to control the Blood and for
Stasis. vomiting and diarrhoea due to a cold and
Deficient Spleen and Stomach. Halloysitum
Differences Rubrum (Chi Shi Zhi) may be used as a
Radix Notoginseng not only effectively substitute.
stops bleeding but also resolves Blood Stasis Baked ginger warms the channels and stops
and stops pain. It thus stops bleeding bleeding and is a major herb in the treatment
without causing Stasis and treats Stasis of bleeding due to a failure of Spleen Yang to
without injuring Upright Qi. In addition control the Blood (Fig. 8.1). It also treats
to treating haemorrhagic patterns it is a abdominal pain and diarrhoea due to a Cold
major herb for the treatment of Stagnant and Deficient Middle Burner.
Herbs that regulate Blood 33
1 sprains
Stasis
Blood cannot flow within vessels so flows outside them Activate circulation of Blood within the vessels:
asis and Crinus Carbonisatus
:ated for Radix Notoginseng
AKED
Any cause
Astringents will stop bleeding, but treat only
the Biao:
Rhizoma Bletillae
Herba Agrimoniae
Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis
Petiolus Trachycarpi Carbonisatus
Crinus Carbonisatus
bleeding
ient and Fig. 8.1 Treatment of bleeding.
intestines. Flos Carthami invigorates Blood Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga promotes the
iTAE,
circulation and regulates menstruation, and healing of fractures and torn tendons and is
FIAND
is thus often used in gynaecology. thus an important herb in traumatology.
Caulis Spatholobi moves both Qi and Blood, Hirudo strongly dispels Blood Stasis. It is
nourishes Blood and relaxes the mudcles and reported to be useful in the treatment of
tendons, and is thus indicated for Stagnation intracranial haematoma and thrombocytosis
and Deficiency of Blood, Wind-Damp Bi (Fig. 8.2).
resolve syndromes and numbness.
ss. They
Blood
ss in the FAECES TROGOPTERORUM, SQUAMA Questions
?rs with MANITIS, EUPOLYPHAGA SEU 1. In what ways do Herba Cephalanoploris,
STELEOPHAGA AND HIRUDO Rhizoma Bletillae, Radix Notoginseng and
Wu Ling Zhi, Chuan Shan Jia, Di Bie Chong Folium Artemisiae stop bleeding? What are
and Shui Zhi their other actions?
ifies the
2. Apart from stopping bleeding, what are the
Ions and
Similarities actions and indications of Radix Boehme-
Blood
All act strongly to invigorate Blood circula riae, Cacumen Biotae and Herba Agrimo-
n in the
tion and resolve Stasis and are thus niae?
lizziness
indicated for severe Blood Stasis and 3. Compare and contrast the actions and
ire, and
palpable abdominal masses. indications of Rhizoma Ligustici
Chuanxiong, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,
iminates
Differences Semen Persicae, Flos Carthami and Radix
i clears
Faeces Trogopterorum is more effective in Achyranthis Bidentatae.
ated for
resolving Stasis and relieving pain. It also 4. How do Resina Olibani and Resina Myrrhae
t, burns,
stops bleeding. It is often combined with differ in their actions?
ess and
Pollen Typhae. 5. How do Radix Curcumae, Rhizoma
i Wind-
Squama Manitis is effective in promoting the Sparganii and Rhizoma Zedoariae differ in
secretion of milk, draining pus and relieving their actions?
rculation
swelling.
is thus
irregular
idominal
Rhizoma Ligustei
l. It is Chuanxiong
Radix Curcumae
Rhizoma Sparganii
i resolve
Rhizoma Zedoanae
ated for
Radix flchyranthis Bidenlala
Herba Leonun
Ftos Carthami
ami are Semen Persicae
1 circula- Faeces Trogopterorum
A. Herbs that calm the amenorrhoea and for painful and difficult
mind urination.
CINNABARIS,MAGNETITUM, OS
SEMEN ZIZIPHI SPINOSAE AND
DRACONIS AND SUCCINUM
SEMEN BIOTAE
Zhu Sha, Ci Shi, Long Gu and Hu Po
Suan Zao Ren and Bai Zi Ren
Similarities
All soothe the Heart and calm the Mind and Similarities
are thus indicated for Excess patterns giving Both nourish the Heart and calm the Mind
rise to palpitations, insomnia and manic and and are thus indicated for Deficiency
d
CONCHA HALIOTIDIS, CONCHA1 Ling Yang Jiao, Gou Teng and Tian Ma
HAEMATITUM
All calm the Liver and extinguish Wind
and are indicated for headache, dizziness
Shi Jue Ming, Mu Li, Zhen Zhu, Zhen Zhu and vertigo due to Liver Yang Rising and
Mu and Dai Zhe Shi for dizziness and convulsion due to Liver
Wind.
difficult Similarities
All calm the Liver and suppress hyperactive Differences
Yang and are thus indicated for headache, Cornu Antelopis strongly clears Liver Fire,
dizziness and vertigo due to Liver Yang suppresses hyperactive Liver Yang and
Rising. extinguishes Liver Wind. It also clears Liver
Heat and improves vision, and clears Heat
Differences and Fire Poison.
Concha Haliotidis is more effective in Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis clears Liver
calming the Liver and suppressing hyperac Heat and extinguishes Liver Wind and is
tive Yang. It also clears Liver Heat and thus indicated for stirring of Liver Wind due
tie Mind
improves vision. It is thus indicated for to Heat or excessive Yang. It is added at the
jficiency
redness, swelling and pain of the eyes due to end of a decoction.
>ns and Rhizoma Gastrodiae extinguishes Wind
flaring of Liver Fire and for blurring of
vision due to Deficiency of Liver Yin. and removes obstruction from the
Concha Ostreae soothes the Heart, calms the channels and is thus indicated for Wind-
Mind, astringes discharges and softens hard Damp Bi syndromes, numbness and
shes Yin
masses. It is thus indicated for restlessness, tetanus.
ndicated
spontaneous sweating, night sweats,
:ficiency.
spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea and tubercu
stines to
losis of lymph nodes.
rated for
Margarita and Concha Margaritifera Usta
i Blood FRUCTUS TRIBULI AND FOLIUM
both soothe the Heart, calm the Mind and
APOCYNIVENETI
improve vision. Margarita also stops convul
sion and astringes ulcers and is thus Ci Ji Li and Luo Bu Ma
indicated for infantile convulsions, epilepsy
EX and chronic festering ulcers and boils. Similarities
Concha Margaritifera Usta is more effective Both suppress hyperactive Liver Yang and
in soothing the Heart, calming the Mind, extinguish Liver Wind and are thus
calming the Liver and suppressing hyperac indicated for headache, dizziness and
tive Yang. vertigo due to Liver Yang Rising and
Haematitum conducts Rebellious Qi upward stirring of Liver Wind.
egm and
downward, stops vomiting, relieves asthma,
restless-
soothes the Heart and calms the Mind. It also Differences
stops bleeding by sending Qi and Fire Fructus Tribuli expels External Wind,
downward. Os Draconis and Concha improves vision and soothes the Liver. It is
Ostreae both calm the Liver and suppress thus indicated for eye disorders due to
:tive in
hyperactive Yang, soothe the Heart and calm Wind-Heat and hypochondriac pain due to
:ated for
the Mind. Os Draconis is more effective in Stagnation of Liver Qi.
r uncon-
soothing the Heart and calming the Mind, Folium Apocyni Veneti promotes diuresis,
le Heart.
while Concha Ostreae is more effective in relieves swelling and stops cough and
i, invigo-
calming the Liver and suppressing hyperac wheeze. It is indicated for hypertension,
5 abscess
tive Yang. Concha Ostreae also astringes bronchitis, oedema and heart disease with
sion and
discharges and softens hard masses. palpitations.
38 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs
Questions
1. Cinnabaris, Semen Biotae and Semen
Ziziphi Spinosae all calm the Mind. In what
different ways do they do this? What other
actions do each of them have?
2. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Os Draconis and Concha
Ostreae.
3. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Magnetitum and
Haematitum.
39
Tonics 10
haemorrhagic patterns.
Bai Zhu, Shan Yao and Bian Dou
Radix Ginseng Rubra (Hong Shen) is warm in
nature, while Radix Ginseng Alba (Bai Shen)
Similarities
is neutral. Radix Ginseng should be All tonify Qi and invigorate the Spleen and
decocted separately from other ingredients
of a prescription by simmering.
Radix Panacis Quinquefolii strongly
Raw Toasted
nourishes Yin. It also clears Fire and is thus
indicated for Empty Fire due to Lung and Consolidates the Tonifies the Middle
Stomach Yin Deficiency. Exterior Burner
are thus indicated !for diarrhoea, loose harmonize the ingredients of a prescription.
stools and leucorrhoea due to Spleen Qi Radix Glycyrrhizae also tonifies Heart Qi
Deficiency. and stops cough. Its treated form (Zhi Gan
Cao) tonifies the Middle Burner and benefits
Differences Qi; its raw form (Sheng Gan Cao) clears
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae is dry Fire and Fire Poison. Fructus Ziziphi
in nature. It dries Dampness, promotes Jujubae tonifies the Spleen and nourishes
diuresis, stops sweating and prevents Blood.
miscarriage. It is indicated for retention of Mel and Saccharum Granorum both moisten
fluid and Dampness due to Spleen the Lung and stop cough. Mel is more effec
Deficiency and for spontaneous sweating tive in providing moisture; it also moistens
and threatened abortion. Both Rhizoma the intestines to relieve constipation.
Atractylodis and Rhizoma Atractylodis Saccharum Granorum is more effective in
Macrocephalae dry Dampness and invigo tonifying the Middle Burner and relieving
rate the Spleen, but Rhizoma Atractylodis spasm and is thus often used in the treat
Macrocephalae is more effective in ment of abdominal pain due to deficiency of
tonifying Qi and invigorating the Spleen the Middle Burner.
while Rhizoma Atractylodis is more effec
tive in drying Dampness. The latter also
disperses External Dampness and Wind-
Damp.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae is moist in nature and
nourishes Lung and Kidney Yin. It is thus 6. Blood tonics
indicated for patterns of Lung and Kidney
Yin Deficiency such as diabetes.
RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND
Semen Dolichoris eliminates Summer Heat
RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA
and Dampness and is thus indicated for
diarrhoea due to Summer Heat and Dang Gui and Bai Shao
Dampness. It is less effective in tonifying Qi
and invigorating the Spleen than Rhizoma Similarities
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Both tonify Blood and are thus indicated
Dioscoreae. for Deficient Blood patterns. They also tonify
Qi and relieve pain and are thus indicated
for abdominal pain due to deficiency of
the Middle Burner. In addition, they
RADIX GLYCYRRHIZAE, FRUCTUS
regulate Blood and stop dysentery and are
ZIZIPHIJUJUBAE, MEL AND
thus indicated for dysentery with bloody
SACCHARUM GRANORUM
stool.
Gan Cao, Da Zao, Feng Mi and Yi Tang
Differences
Similarities Radix Angelicae Sinensis activates Blood
All tonify the Middle Burner and relieve circulation, regulates menstruation, relieves
spasm and are thus indicated for weakness pain and moistens the intestines. It is
of the Spleen and Stomach and abdominal indicated for various gynaecological
pain due to deficiency of the Middle patterns of Blood Deficiency; Blood Stasis,
Burner. Because they can cause fullness pain due to Qi and Blood Stagnation, and
and Dampness in the Middle Burner, they dry constipation.
are contraindicated in cases of stuffiness Radix Paeoniae Alba nourishes and
of the chest and abdominal distension astringes Yin, stops sweating, nourishes and
due to Stagnation of Qi and excessive calms the Liver and relieves spasm. It is
Dampness. indicated for Liver Yin Deficiency, Liver
Yang Rising, spontaneous sweating, night
Differences sweats, spasmodic pain, hypochondriac
Radix Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Ziziphi pain due to Liver Blood Deficiency and
Jujubae both regulate the Middle Burner and constraint of Liver Qi.
Tonics 41
s
z LU
ciency of tonifies the Liver and Kidneys, while its raw o 9
_l X to Zi
on, they form moistens the intestines, relieves consti
1= 1 -
y and are pation, clears Fire Poison and treats malaria. Radix Glehniae
Radix Ophiopogonis
Similarities
D. Yang tonics
All nourish Liver and Kidney Yin and are
thus indicated for patterns of Deficient Liver
and Kidney Yin. CORNU CERVI PANTOTRICHUM,
CORNU CERVI AND COLLA CORNUS
Differences CERVI
Fructus Corni strongly nourishes Liver and
Lu Rong, Lu Jiao and Lu Jiao Jiao
Kidney Yin, but especially Liver Yin. It is an
important astringent herb and is indicated
Similarities
for spermatorrhoea, nocturnal enuresis,
All tonify Kidney Yang, invigorate Yang,
spontaneous sweating, night sweats and
benefit Essence CJing) and Blood and
shock due to excessive sweating.
strengthen tendons and bones. They are
Fructus Lycii nourishes the Liver and
indicated for Kidney Yang Deficiency,
improves vision. It is an important herb for
impotence, infertility, sore and weak back
eye disorders due to Liver Blood and Yin
and knees, osteoporosis, muscular weakness
Deficiency. and atrophy and Deficiency of Kidney
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Herba Ecliptae
Essence with resulting Blood Deficiency.
both have a slow action in nourishing Liver
and Kidney Yin. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi is
Differences
more effective in nourishing the Liver and
Of the three, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum has
Kidney while Herba Ecliptae also cools
the strongest action and is often adminis
Blood and stops bleeding.
tered in the form of pills or powder. Cornu
Cervi also has a strong action; it activates
Blood circulation and reduces swelling and
FLASTRUMTESTUDINISAND is indicated for Yin jaundice and swelling
CARAPAX TRIONYCIS due to Stagnation of Blood.
Colla Cornus Cervi is similar to Cornu Cervi
Gui Ban and Bie }ia and is more effective in nourishing Essence
and Blood. It also stops bleeding and is thus
Similarities indicated for haemorrhagic patterns due to
Both nourish Yin, clear Empty Heat and Deficiency and Cold.
suppress hyperactive Yang and are thus
indicated for tidal fever due to Liver and
Kidney Yin Deficiency, dizziness and RADIX MORINDAE OFFICINALIS,
blurring of vision due to Yin Deficiency and HERBA CISTANCHIS AND HERBA
hyperactive Yang, tremor due to Liver Wind, CYNOMORII
and a deep red tongue.
Ba ]i Tian, Rou Cong Rong and Suo Yang
Differences
Plastrum Testudinis strongly nourishes Similarities
Kidney Yin. It strengthens bones, consoli All tonify Kidney Yang and are indicated for
dates the Chong and Ren channels and stops impotence and premature ejaculation due to
bleeding and is thus indicated for atrophic Kidney Yang Deficiency and for infertility
debility of bones due to Kidney Deficiency, due to retention of Cold in the uterus.
delayed closure of fontanelles, chondro-
pathy and uterine bleeding due to weakness Differences
of the Chong and Ren channels. Radix Morindae Officinalis tonifies Yang,
Carapax Trionycis is more effective than strengthens tendons and bones and elimi-
Tomes 43
pty Heat, nates Wind-Damp. It is thus indicated for thus indicated for chronic Wind-Damp Bi
is thus chronic Wind-Damp Bi syndromes, osteo syndromes, osteoporosis, muscular
masses, porosis and muscular weakness and weakness and atrophy, and lumbago due to
atrophy. . Kidney Deficiency.
Herba Cistanchis and Herba Cynomorii also
moisten the intestines and are thus indicated Differences
for dry constipation complicated with Cortex Eucommiae tonifies the Kidneys,
Kidney Yang Deficiency. prevents miscarriage and lowers blood
pressure. It is thus indicated for threatened
abortion or hypertension due to Kidney
RHIZOMA CURCULIGINIS AND Deficiency.
HERBA EPIMEDII Radix Dipsaci is similar to Cortex
RNUS
Eucommiae but is more effective in treating
Xian Mao and Yin Yang Huo
injury to the tendons and bones. It also stops
bleeding and is thus indicated for uterine
Similarities
bleeding or threatened abortion with
Both warm the Kidneys, invigorate Yang,
bleeding.
eliminate Cold-Damp and strengthen
ate Yang, Rhizoma Drynariae is similar to Radix
tendons and bones. They are indicated for
ood and Dipsaci in treating injury to the tendons and
impotence, infertility and urinary frequency
They are bones, and similar to Fructus Psoraleae in
)eficiency,
due to Kidney Yang Deficiency and for
tonifying the Kidneys and strengthening the
'eak back
chronic Cold-Damp Bi syndromes and weak
lumbar region.
weakness tendons and bones.
t Kidney
Differences
iency. FRUCTUS PSORALEAE AND FRUCTUS
Rhizoma Curculiginis is warm and dry in
ALPINIAE OXYPHYLLAE
nature and has a strong action in eliminating
Cold-Damp. Bu Gu Zhi and Yi Zhi Ren
chum has
adminis-
Herba Epimedii strongly tonifies Yang. It
also lowers blood pressure and treats Similarities
ler. Comu
Deficiency-type asthma. Both tonify the Kidneys, invigorate Yang,
: activates
warm the Spleen and stop diarrhoea. They
elling and
are indicated for diarrhoea due to Spleen
I swelling
PENIET TESTES CALLORHINI AND and Kidney Yang Deficiency.
HIPPOCAMPUS
irnu Cervi
Differences
ig Essence Hai Gou Shen and Hai Ma
Fructus Psoraleae is more effective in
nd is thus
wanning the Kidneys. It also tonifies the
ns due to Similarities
Kidneys and invigorates Yang, assists recep
Both tonify the Kidneys and invigorate Yang
tion of Qi to relieve asthma and strengthens
and are indicated for impotence and lack of
the lumbar region.
libido.
Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae is more effec
US,
tive in warming the Spleen and astringing
Differences
Hippocampus also activates Blood circula
discharges and is thus indicated for
diarrhoea due to Spleen Deficiency and for
tion and resolves Blood Stasis and is thus
o Yang excessive salivation and nocturnal enuresis.
indicated for palpable abdominal masses.
iicated for CORTEX EUCOMMIAE, RADIX DIPSACI GECKO, CORDYCEPS AND SEMEN
ion due to JUGLANDIS
AND RHIZOMA DRYNARIAE
infertility
Du Zhong, Xu Duan and Gu Sui Bu Ge Jie, Dong Chong Xia Cao and Hu Tao
rus.
Rou
Similarities
All tonify the Liver and Kidneys and Similarities
ifies Yang,
strengthen the tendons and bones. They are All tonify the Kidneys and benefit the Lungs
and elimi
44
P<i<! 1 Action- .inJ indication* of some common Chinese herbs
Radix Ginseng
*-^
Radix Pseudostellariae
Semen Dolichoris
Radix GlycyrThizae
Mel
Saccharum Granomm
Radix Adenophorae
Radix Ophiopogonis
Radix Asparagi
Herba Dendrobii
Rhizoma Polygonati
^-^^^-^
Fructus Comi
Fnjctus Lycii
i
Herba Ecl'iptae
'
Plastrum Testudinis
Carapax Trionycis
and thus assist reception of Qi to relieve is more effective in nourishing the Liver and
asthma. They are indicated for Deficiency- improving vision.
type asthma and chronic cough due to Lung
and Kidney Deficiency.
Differences Questions
Gecko is more effective in assisting reception
of Qi to relieve asthma. It also benefits 1. Compare and contrast the actions and
Essence and invigorates Yang and is thus indications of Radix Ginseng and Radix
Astragali seuHedysari.
indicated for impotence and spermator
2. How do the actions of Radix Ginseng and
rhoea.
Cordyceps is more effective in tonifying the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii differ?
3. How do the actions of Radix Glehniae and
Lungs and is indicated for pulmonary tuber
culosis. It also invigorates Yang and benefits Radix Adenophorae differ?
Essence.
4. Compare and contrast the actions and
Semen Juglandis also strengthens the indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis
lumbar region and moistens the intestines to Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Atractylodis.
relieve dry constipation. 5. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
6. How do the actions of Radix Rehmanniae
PLACENTA HOMINIS AND UMBILICAL
CORD Praeparata and Radix Rehmanniae differ?
7. What are the differences in the actions of
Zi He Che and Qi Dai Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix
Rehmanniae Praeparata?
Similarities 8. What are the differences in the actions of
tl
Both tonify the Kidneys, benefit Essence and Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix
assist reception of Qi. Paeoniae Alba?
9. Compare and contrast the actions and
Differences indications of Radix Glycyrrhizae and
Placenta Hominis is more effective in Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae.
nourishing Essence and Blood and 10. What are the differences in action of Radix
benefiting Qi, while umbilical cord is more Ophiopogonis, Radix Asparagi and Herba
effective in assisting reception of Qi to Dendrobii?
relieve asthma. 11. What are the differences in action of
Fructus Corni, Fructus Lycii, Plastrum
Testudinis and Carapax Trionycis?
SEMEN CUSCUTAE AND SEMEN 12. Compare and contrast the actions of Cornu
ASTRAGALI COMPLANATI Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu Cervi, Herba
Tu Si Zi and Tong Ji Li Cistanchis and Herba Epimedii.
13. Compare and contrast the actions of Cortex
Differences
Semen Cuscutae is more effective in
tonifying the Kidneys and consolidating the
Essence while Semen Astragali Complanati
47
Astringent herbs 11
Aver and
ons and
id Radix
seng and
ictions of
i Radix Differences
Fructus Schisandrae benefits Qi and
SEMEN MYRISTICAE, FRUCTUS
ions and promotes Body Fluids, consolidates
CHEBULAE AND HALLOYSITUM
.zae and Essence, soothes the Heart and calms the
RUBRUM
Mind. It is thus indicated for collapse due to
of Radix Qi and Yin Deficiency, thirst due to Rom Dou Kou, He Zi and Chi Shi Zhi
:\d Herba consumption of Fluids, diabetes, spermator
rhoea, nocturnal enuresis, palpitation and Similarities
iction of insomnia. All astringe the intestines and stop diarrhoea
Plastrum Fructus Mume promotes Body Fluids, and are thus indicated for chronic diarrhoea
7 relieves thirst and sedates roundworm. It is and dysentery.
Similarities
Differences
Both astringe the intestines to stop
Semen Euryales is more effective in invigo
diarrhoea, and clear Damp-Heat and dysen
rating the Spleen to stop diarrhoea while
tery. They are indicated for chronic
Semen Nelumbinis is more effective in
diarrhoea and dysentery, Damp-Heat in the tonifying the Kidneys and nourishing the
intestines and prolapse of the anus due to Heart.
Spleen Deficiency.
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae is more effective in
consolidating Essence and is thus indicated
Differences
for nocturnal emission and spermatorrhoea
Pericarpium Granati is more effective in (Fig. 11.1).
killing intestinal parasites while Cortex
Ailanthi is more effective in astringing
bleeding and leucorrhoea and is thus also OOTHECA MANTIDIS AND FRUCTUS
indicated for uterine bleeding and leucor RUBI
rhoea.
I < Sang Piao Xiao and Fu Pen Zi
NELUMBINIS AND FRUCTUS ROSAE Both tonify and astringe the Kidneys and
LAEVIGATAE are thus indicated for spermatorrhoea
and nocturnal enuresis due to Kidney
Qian Shi, Lian Zi and Jin Ying Zi Deficiency.
Similarities Differences
All consolidate Essence, control urination Ootheca Mantidis invigorates Yang and is
and stop diarrhoea and leucorrhoea. They thus indicated for impotence. Fructus Rubi
Fruclus Chebulae
Fruclus SchisarxKae
- Gate Cfiinenas
Semer Mynslicae
UTERINE BLEEDING,
Frue:us Che LEUCORRHOEA AND
SPERMATORRHOEA
Haiiovsiiur,
flubmii Cortex Aiianthi
Oolneca ManMis
Fruclus Rubi
:a while
Similarities
ctive in
Both are astringent, and inhibit the secretion
ling the
of gastric add. They are thus indicated for
leucorrhoea and spermatorrhoea in
ective in
Deficient patterns and for epigastric pain
ndicated
due to gastritis.
torrhoea
Differences
Concha Ostreae stops sweating, calms Liver
Yang and softens hard masses. Os Sepiae
CTUS
stops bleeding and promotes the healing of
skin diseases.
ryates
lumbinis
jsae Laevigatae
Istreae
lensis
Part 2:
Combinations of
common Chinese herbs
Ramulus Cinnamomi = Radix Paeoniae Alba Ramulus Cinnamomi < Radix Paeoniae Alba
Harmonizes Nutritive and Defensive Qi Warms the Middle Burner and relieves pain
Indicated for Deficiency patterns of Wind-Cold Indicated for abdominal pain due to Deficiency
(see Fig. 1.1) of the Middle Burner
Fig. 12.1 Combined actions of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Paeoniae Alba in different relative dosages.
1
54 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
Notopterygii induces diaphoresis to Release they are calming and are used to treat night
the Exterior, expel Wind and relieve pain, crying in children.
while Radix Isatidis clears Heat and Fire
Poison. They are used in combination in the
treatment of influenza with headache and FOLIUM MORI AND SEMEN
fever. ARMENIACAE AMARUM
In combi- thus dispels Summer Heat and resolves Xing Ren and Qian Hu
d they are Dampness. Semen Dolichoris dispels
ivasion of Summer Heat and eliminates Dampness. Both herbs stimulate the Lung's descending
nbination In combination they are indicated for the and dispersing functions to stop cough.
lelliae for common cold and diarrhoea due to invasion Semen Armeniacae Amarum is more effec
legm, and of Summer Heat, or of Dampness in the tive in sending Lung Qi downward while
Fibrosum, Summer and Autumn. Better therapeutic Radix Peucedani is more effective in stimu
Radix results may be obtained with the addition of lating the Lung's dispersing function. In
;e due to Herba Agastachis and Cortex Magnoliae combination their antitussive action is
reducing
Radix Bupleuri This combination has two actions:
c factors + Radix Puerariae a. it reduces Heat and dispels Indicated for headache, fever, and
ited and pathogenic factors from the neck rigidity due to invasion of
le, fever, muscles Wind-Heat
Table 12.3 Actions and indications of Herba Ephedrae in combinat.on with other herbs
Herba Ephedrae This combination Releases the
+ Kamulus Cinnamomi Indicated for Wind-Cold
Exterior, induces diaphoresis,
invasion with absence
disperses Cold and relieves
of sweating, and for
pain
Cold Bi Syndrome
Herba Ephedrae This combination stimulates the
+ Semen Armeniacae Indicated for cough due
dispersing function of the Lungs
Amarum to invasion of Wind-Cold
to stop cough and wheeze
Herba Ephedrae Herba Ephedrae stimulates the dispersing
+ Semen Ginkgo Indicated for cough,
function of the Lungs while Semen Ginkgo wheeze and dyspnoea
astnnges the Lungs and resolves
Phlegm
Herba Ephedrae
Herba Ephedrae stimulates the dispersing Indicated for cough and
+ Lumbricus function of the Lungs while
wheeze due (o retention of
Lumbricus clears Heat and resolves
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Phlegm
Herbs that Release the Exterior 57
LADIX
HERBA EPHEDRAE AND SEMEN
GINKGO
Zold
leeze
ion of
.ungs
58
- Both substances clear Full Heat from the Qi Gypsum Fibrosum clears Stomach Fire.
level. Gypsum Fibrosum is extremely cold in Rhizoma Cimicifugae clears Fire and Fire
nature. It clears Heat and Fire, particularly Poison. In combination they are indicated
from the Lung and Stomach, and relieves for painful and swollen gums or mouth
restlessness. Rhizoma Anemarrhenae not ulcers due to Stomach Fire.
only clears Heat and Fire but also nourishes
Yin and promotes Body Fluids. When
combined, their action of clearing Heat from
the Qi level is potentiated and they are
indicated for: RHIZOMA ANEMARRHENAE AND
1. pathogenic Heat at the Qi level with BULBUS FRITILLARIAE
symptoms of high fever, restlessness,
Zhi Mu and Bei Mu
. '\ thirst and profuse sweating
2. cough and wheeze due to Full Heat in the Both herbs clear Lung Heat; Bulbus
Lungs Fritillariae also moistens dryness, resolves
3. toothache, haematemesis and epistaxis Phlegm and stops cough. In combination
due to Stomach Heat or Fire they are indicated for cough due to
4. consumption of Body Fluids due to Lung Heat or Yin Deficiency with Empty
Full Heat in the Lung and Stomach Heat.
with symptoms of thirst, a desire to
drink large quantities and loss of body
weight.
Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heart Fire while Huang Bai and Zhi Zi
Cortex Cinnamomi warms Kidney Yang and Both herbs clear Damp-Heat and relieve
conducts Ming Men Fire to its source. In jaundice. Cortex Phellodendri strongly
combination they harmonize the Heart and clears Heat and dries Dampness
while
Kidneys and are indicated for insomnia due Fructus Gardeniae drains Dampness and
ND
to disharmony between the Heart and relieves urinary disturbance. In combination
Kidneys. they are indicated for jaundice due to reten
tion of Damp-Heat and for urinary distur
bance with turbid urine due to Damp-Heat
i Yin and
RHIZOMA COPTIDIS AND FRUCTUS in the Lower Burner.
dri clears
they are EVODIAE
idal fever
Huang Lian and Wu Zhu Yu
RADIX GENTIANAE, FRUCTUS
;h Empty
Rhizoma Coptidis is bitter and cold in GARDENIAE AND RADIX
nature; it clears Stomach Heat and stops REHMANNIAE
inamomi,
Kidneys, vomiting. Fructus Evodiae is pungent and
Long Dan Cao, Zhi Zi and Sheng Di
rf Water hot in nature; it enters the Liver Channel and
conducts Rebellious Qi downward to stop Radix Gentianae and Fructus Gardeniae
is thus
vomiting. This combination is indicated for clear Liver Fire. Radix Rehmanniae not only
:ion and
vomiting due to Stomach Heat and for clears Heat but also nourishes Yin, thus
60 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
Fire, or retention of Heat in the Liver Folium and Radix Isatidis clear Heat and
Channel, with symptoms of hypochondriac Fire Poison and are antiviral. Radix
pain, a bitter taste in the mouth, red eyes
Gentianae clears Heat and Fire and stops
and headache, and for Heat in the Blood convulsion. This combination is indicated
with symptoms of haematemesis and
for febrile diseases with Fire Poison,
epistaxis.
headache, convulsion and spasm due to
high fever.
Both herbs clear Liver Heat, pacify the Liver Zi Hua Di Ding and Pu Gong Ying
and improve vision. This combination is
Both clear Heat and Fire Poison and are thus
thus indicated for Liver Fire with symptoms
indicated for sores and ulcers due to Fire
of headache and eye disease, or Liver Yang
Poison and for various infections.
Rising with symptoms of headache, dizzi
ness and vertigo.
Xia Ku Cao, Xuan Shen, Bei Mu, Hai Zao These combinations clear Heat and Poison.
and Kun Bu They are indicated for acute appendicitis
and pelvic inflammation.
Spica Prunellae clears Liver Fire and
disperses masses. Radix Scrophulariae
nourishes Yin and clears Fire and Poison. RADIX PULSATILLAE, CORTEX
Bulbus Fritiliariae, Sargassum and FRAXINI AND RHIZOMA COPTIDIS
Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae resolve
Bai Tou Weng, Qin Pi and Huang Lian
Phlegm and soften hard masses. The combi
nation of these herbs is indicated for tuber This combination clears Heat and Fire
culosis of the lymph nodes, goitre and Poison from the intestines, cools Blood and
tumours. stops dysentery. It is indicated for dysentery
Herbs that clear Heat 61
Table 13.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Coptidis, in combination with other herbs
JS
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heat from Indicated for Heat in the Upper
+ Radix Scutellariae the Middle Burner; Radix Scutellariae and Middle Burners, Damp-Heat in
clears Heat from the Upper Burner the intestines and Fire Poison
ison and
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heat and Damp; Indicated for dysentery or abdominal
are used Radix Aucklandiae regulates Qi and pain due to Damp-Heat in the
+ Radix Aucklandiae
for Heat relieves pain; both treat dysentery intestines
tVei) and
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heart Fire; Cortex Indicated for insomnia due to
oils and
+ Cortex Cinnamomi Cinnamomi warms Kidney Yang and disharmony between the Heart
conducts Ming Men Fire back to its source and Kidneys
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Stomach Heat Indicated for vomiting due to Stomach
ATIDIS + Fructus Evodiae and stops vomiting; Fructus Evodiae enters Heat, epigastric pain and acid reflux
the Liver and regulates Rebellious Qi due to disharmony between the
Liver and Stomach
tgDan
Rhizoma Coptidis All three herbs cool Blood, and clear Indicated for dysentery with bloody
+ Radix Pulsatillae Heat and Fire Poison from the intestines stool due to Fire Poison
+ Cortex Fraxini
teat and
. Radix
Rhizoma Coptidis Both herbs clear Heat and Damp Indicated for epigastric and abdominal
nd stops + Cortex Magnoliae distension and pain due to
ndicated Officinalis Damp-Heat and for Damp-Heat
Poison, febrile disease
due to
-c
63
Rhei purges stagnation while Aconiti warms Both substances invigorate Blood circulation
the Interior and disperses Cold. Combining and resolve Blood Stasis in the collaterals.
Table 14.1 Actions and indications of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in combination with other herbs
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Rhei clears Heat Indicated for febrile disease with
+ Natrii Sulfas and purges accumulation; Natrii constipation due to retention of
Sulfas softens hardness and Heat in the intestines
promotes discharge of faeces
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Rhei purges Indicated for constipation due to
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata stagnation; Radix Aconiti Praeparata stagnation of Cold
warms the Interior and disperses Cold
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei All three herbs invigorate Indicated for various patterns of
+ Semen Persicae Blood and resolve Stasis Blood Stagnation, especially in the
+ Cortex Moutan Radicis Lower Burner
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga Indicated for amenorrhoea and
+ Eupolyphaga seu resolves Blood Stasis and promotes palpable abdominal masses and for
Steleophaga the healing of sprains and traumatic injury
fractures; Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
invigorates Blood and resolves Stasis
64 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
Eupolyphaga seu Stelelophaga also promotes harmonizes the Stomach, stops diarrhoea
the healing of sprains and fractures and and clears Heat.
disperses palpable masses due to Blood This combination promotes digestion and
Stasis. harmonizes the Middle Burner and is
This combination is indicated for amenor- indicated for Retention of Food with
rhoea and palpable abdominal masses symptoms of diarrhoea, dysentery, epigas
due to Blood Stasis and for swelling and tric distension, abdominal pain, foul
pain due to stagnation of Blood following belching and fever.
traumatic injury (Table 14.1).
Gu Ya and Mai Ya
iarrhoea
ion and
Herbs that relieve Bi syndromes
and is
d with
epigas-
i, foul
Til
RHIZOMA SEU RADIX NOTOPTERYGII RAMULUS CINNAMOMI, RADIX
i while Qiang Huo and Du Huo Gui Zhi, Bai Shao and Zhi Mu
Aurantii
Both herbs Release the Exterior, expel Wind This combination clears Heat, removes
resolve
and disperse Cold and Dampness. Rhizoma obstruction from the channels and relieves
:ated for
seu Radix Notopterygii is more effective in pain. It is thus indicated for Febrile Bi. If
i of Qi
treating Bi syndromes of the upper body Heat is severe, add Gypsum Fibrosum and
id pain,
while Radix Angelicae Pubescentis is more Cortex Phellodendri. If both Heat and Cold
effective in treating Bi syndromes of the are combined, add Radix Aconiti
lower body. When used in combination their Kusnezoffii (Oman Cao Wu) and Herba
effectiveness in treating Bi syndromes is Ephedrae.
enhanced.
This combination is indicated for Cold-
Damp Bi. It is also combined with herbs that FRUCTUS CHAENOMELIS AND RADIX
Release the Exterior to treat Exterior patterns ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE
complicated with Dampness, and headache
Mu Gua and Niu Xi
due to invasion of Wind, Cold and
Dampness. This combination relaxes the tendons,
activates Qi and Blood circulation and elimi
nates Dampness. It is indicated for Bi
RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE syndrome affecting the lower limbs.
AND RADIX CLEMATIDIS
LORANTHI
Qin Jiao, Fang Ji, Sheng Di and Sang Ji HERBA SIEGESBECKIAE AND FOLIUM
Sheng
CLERODENDRI TRICHOTOMI
This combination treats Bi syndrome and
Xi Xian Cao and Chou Wu Tong
clears Heat and is thus indicated for Febrile
Bi. A stronger therapeutic effect will be This combination treats Bi syndrome and
obtained with the addition of Lumbricus lowers blood pressure. It is indicated for
and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae. Damp Bi syndrome and for hypertension,
66 Part 2. Combination* of common Chim^c herbs
headache, dizziness and vertigo, numbness of the limbs and particularly the upper
of the limbs and hemipilegia. limbs.
Dampness
Rhizoma Actractylodis dries Dampness; This combination clears Heat and dries
Table 16.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis in combination with other herbs
Rhizoma Atractylodis Both herbs dry Damp, invigorate Indicated for epigastric and
+ Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis the Spleen and relieve fullness abdominal fullness, and diarrhoea
and distension due to External Damp invading
the Middle Burner
+ Cortex Phellodendri on the Middle Burner and dries of the Lower Burner
Damp; Cortex Phellodendri works
on the Lower Burner and clears
Heat and Damp
Rhizoma Atractylodis Rhizoma Atractylodis dries Damp; Indicated for febrile disease
+ Gypsum Fibrosum Gypsum Fibrosum and Rhizoma or Bi Syndromes due to
+ Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Anemarrhenae clear Heat Damp-Heat
Part 2: Combination* of common Chinese hrrb*
lessness,
; due to
ine and
;eriae
i fin
les and
ndicated
biliary
E,
; Damp-
relieves
leat and
; Radix
Bladder
^hizoma
ind Fire
relieves
Damp-
70
Phlegm, regulates Qi and harmonizes the Ban Xia, Tian Ma and Bai Zhu
Stomach.
This combination is indicated for all Damp Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Dampness and
Phlegm patterns and for epigastric pain, resolves Phlegm; Rhizoma Gastrodiae calms
vomiting and belching due to retention of Liver Wind; Rhizoma Atractylodis
Dampness and Stagnation of Qi. Macrocephalae invigorates the Spleen. This
combination is indicated for dizziness and
vertigo due to Damp Phlegm.
RHIZOMA PINELLIAE AND RHIZOMA
ARISAEMATIS
RHIZOMA PINELLIAE AND BULBUS
Ban Xia and Tian Nan Xing
FRITILLARIAE
This combination dries Dampness and
Ban Xia and Bei Mu
resolves Phlegm. It is indicated for Closed
Wind-Stroke due to Wind Phlegm. When Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Dampness and
combined with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, resolves Phlegm; Bulbus Fritillariae
Table 17.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Pinelliae in combination with other herbs
Rhizoma Pinelliae Both herbs dry Damp and resolve Indicated for all Damp-Phlegm
+ Pericarpium Citri Reticuiatae Phlegm; Rhizoma Pinelliae regulates patterns and for epigastric pain,
Rebellious Qi, while Pericarpium vomiting and belching due to
Citri Reticuiatae moves Qi and retention of Damp and
harmonizes the Stomach stagnation of Qi
Rhizoma Pinelliae Both herbs dry Damp and resolve Indicated for Wind-Stroke due to
+ Rhizoma Arisaematis Phlegm Wind-Phlegm
Rhizoma PinelJiae Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Damp and Indicated for dizziness and vertigo
+ Rhizoma Gastrodiae resolves Phlegm; Rhizoma Gastrodiae due to Damp-Phlegm
+ Rhizoma Atractylodis calms Liver Wind; Rhizoma
Macrocephalae Atractylodis Macrocephalae
invigorates the Spleen
Rhizoma Pinelliae Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Damp and Indicated for cough with profuse
+ Bulbus Fritillariae resolves Phlegm; Bulbus Fritillariae sputum
moistens the Lungs, resolves Phlegm
and stops cough
rE COLLEGE-LIBRARY
3S Barclay CAro'te
.rietta, GA 3D060
Herbs that resolve Phlegm
./*!
72
-Cornu Antelopis clears Heat, calms and I FRUCTUS LYCII AND FLOS
cools the Liver and subdues Wind; these CHRYSANTHEMI
actions are potentiated when it is combined
I <( Gou QiZi andJuHua
with Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis.
This combination is indicated for convul - Fructus Lycii nourishes Liver and Kidney
sion, dizziness and vertigo, headache and Yin and improves vision. Flos Chrysanthemi
red eyes due to Liver Fire, Liver Yang Rising clears Wind-Heat and Liver Heat, calms the
and Liver Wind. Liver and improves vision.
This combination is indicated for eye disor
ders due to Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency
RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE AND and for headache, dizziness and vertigo due
RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS to Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency leading
to Liver Yang Rising and Liver Wind.
Tian Ma and Gou Teng
BOMBYX BATRYTICATUS
Ostreae, Plastrum Testudinis and Carapax
QuanXie,Wu Gong and Jiang Can Trionycis are three shells that subdue hyper
active Yang. Plastrum Testudinis and
All of these substances are insects that Carapax Trionycis are salty and cold in
subdue Wind, and their actions of stopping nature and nourish (he Yin; this action is
Herbs thai subdue Wind and calm the Mind 73
potentiated when they are combined with Fire and improves vision. It is indicated
i Radix
Alba.
Rehmanniae and Radix Paeoniae for red eyes and headache due to Liver
Fire.
This combination is indicated for consump
tion of Body Fluids at the late stage oi! febrile
disease and for tremor of the hands and
feet due to Yin Deficiency leading to Liver
CORNU ANTELOPIS, FRUCTUS LYCII
Wind.
AND HERBA DENDROBII
Carapax Rhizoma Gastrodiae Rhizoma Gastrodiae calms the Indicated for sore and weak lower
ae hyper- + Cortex Eucommiae Liver and subdues Wind, and back and knees, Bi syndromes and
+ Ramulus Loranthi removes obstruction from the hypertension due to Kidney
nis and
collaterals; Cortex Eucommiae Deficiency
cold in
tonihes the Liver and Kidneys
action is
74 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
Long Gu and Mu Li
Kidneys and stimulates the reception of Qi. people with deficiency of Yang and Qi
It is indicated for chronic cough and (Table 19.1).
dyspnoea due to deficiency of both the
Lungs and Kidneys marked by failure of the
Kidneys to grasp the Qi. RADIX CODONOPSIS PILOSULAE AND
RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
MACROCEPHALAE
RADIX GINSENG AND CORNU CERVI
Dang Shen and Bai Zhu
PANTOTRICHUM
This combination tonifies Qi and invigorates
Ren Shen and Lu Rong
the Spleen. It is indicated for Spleen Qi
Radix Ginseng strongly tonifies Source Qi; Deficiency.
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum warms and
tonifies Kidney Yang and benefits Essence RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
and Blood. MACROCEPHALAE AND PORIA
This combination tonifies Source Qi and
Bai Zhu and Fu Ling
benefits Essence and Blood and is
indicated for Deficiency patterns of Kidney This combination tonifies Qi, invigorates the
Yang, Essence, Blood and Qi and Blood Spleen and resolves Dampness. It is
concurrently. It can be taken during the indicated for Spleen Qi Deficiency with or
winter as a general tonic by elderly without oedema and diarrhoea.
Table 19.1 Actions and indications of Radix Ginseng, in combination with other herbs
Radix Ginseng This combination tonifies Source Indicated for deficiency of Source Qi,
+ Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Qi, and Qi generally Defensive Qi or Qi and Blood.
Radix Ginseng
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi and treats Indicated for Collapse of Yang
Collapse of Qi; Radix Aconiti
Praeparata treats Collapse of
Yang
Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng treats Collapse Indicated for Collapse of Yin
+ Fructus Schisandrae of Qi; Fructus Schisandrae
+ Radix Ophiopogonis astringes and treats patterns
of Collapse; Radix Ophiopogonis
nourishes Yin
Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi; Indicated for deficiency of Qi and
+ Polygoni Multiflori Polygoni Multiflori nourishes Blood or of Qi and Yin
Yin and Blood
Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi; Indicated for chronic cough and
+ Gecko or Semen juglandis Gecko and Semen Judlandis dyspnoea due to Lung and Kidney
stimulate reception of Qi Qi Deficiency
Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Source Qi; Indicated for Deficiency patterns
+ Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum warms of Kidney Yang, Essence, Qi and
and tonifies Kidney Yang Blood
Tonics and Astringents 77
This combination tonifies Qi, invigorates the RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI
AND RADIX ACONITI PRAEPARATA
Spleen, regulates Qi and relieves fullness. It
)rates the is indicated for poor appetite and for disten Huang Qi and Fu Zi
s. It is sion and pain in the epigastrium and
' with or Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Qi and
abdomen due to deficiency of the Middle
stops sweating; Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Burner with stagnation of Qi.
warms the Yang.
This combination tonifies Qi and Yang and
RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI, stops sweating. It is indicated for sponta
RHIZOMA CIMICIFUGAE AND RADIX neous sweating and lassitude due to Qi and
BUPLEURI Yang Deficiency.
lource Qi, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Qi and RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI
lood. lifts Yang; Rhizoma Cimicifugae and Radix AND CONCHA OSTREAE
Bupleuri lift the Qi of the Middle Burner.
Huang Qi and Mu Li
This combination tonifies Qi and lifts Yang.
It is indicated for prolapse of the internal Radix Astragali tonifies Qi, consolidates the
organs or anus and for chronic diarrhoea Exterior and stops sweating. Concha Ostreae
due to Sinking of Spleen Qi. The therapeutic stops sweating by astringing.
action is strengthened by the addition of This combination tonifies Qi and stops
3i and
Radix Astragalus Seu Hedysari > Radix Radix Ledebouriellae > Radix Astragalus seu
Ledebouriellae Hedysari
i and Primary function of this combination is Primary function of this combination is elimination
id Kidney Qi tonification of External Wind
It is indicated for spontaneous sweating due It is indicated for external invasion due to
tterns to Qi Deficiency Qi Deficiency
Qi and
Fig. 19.1 Dose-related differences in the actions of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and Radix Ledebouriellae.
78 Part 2: Combiiuilioiif of common Chinese herbs
Radix Astragali seu Hddysari tonifies Qi and treats abdominal pain due to deficiency of
thus indirectly stimulates the production the Middle Burner.
and control of Blood.
- This combination tonifies Qi and Blood. It is
indicated for Blood Deficiency, Qi and Blood RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA AND RADIX
Deficiency and haemorrhagic patterns due GLYCYRRHI2AE
to failure of the Qi to control Blood
Bai Shao and Gan Cao
(Table 19.2).
For numbness of the limbs and body and Radix Paeoniae Alba is sour in nature; it
systemic painful joints due to failure of the astringes, nourishes Yin, eases the Liver and
Blood to nourish the tendons, add Ramulus relieves pain. Radix Glycyrrhizae is sweet in
Cinnamomi and Caulis Spatholobi. nature; it relaxes spasm and relieves pain.
For haemorrhagic patterns due to failure of This combination produces Fluids by its
the Qi to control Blood, add Rhizoma combination of the sweet and sour tastes; it
Zingiberis {baked), Arillus Longan and also harmonizes the Blood, relaxes spasm
Radix Ginseng. and relieves pain. It is indicated for
cramping abdominal pain, hypochondriac
pain due to Liver Deficiency, spasm of
RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND musculus gastrocnemius and spontaneous
RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA and night sweats due to Yin Deficiency.
Table 19.2 Actions and indications of Radix Astragali seu Hedysarj in combination with other herbs
Radix Astragali sen Hedysari Both herbs tonify Qi Indicated for Qi Deficiency or Qi and
+ Radix Ginseng Blood Deficiency
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Indicated for Spleen Qi Sinking
+ Rhizoma Cimicifugae tonifies Qi and lifts Yang;
+ Radix Bupleuri Rhtzoma Cimicifugae and Radix
Bupleuri lift the Qi of the
Middle Burner
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Indicated for deficiency of
+ Radix Ledebouriellae consolidates the Exterior; Radix Defensive Qi
Ledebouriellae expels Wind
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Indicated for spontaneous sweating
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata Qi and stops sweating; Radix Aconiti and lassitude due to Qi and Yang
Praeparata warms the Yang Deficiency
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari stops Indicated for spontaneous sweating
+ Concha Ostrcae sweating by tonifying Qi; Concha due to Qi Deficiency
Ostreae stops sweating by astringing
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Indicated for bleeding due to Qi and
+ Radix Angelicas Sinensis Qi and stimulates the production Blood Deficiency
and control of Blood. Radix Angelicae
Sinensis tonifies Blood
Tonics and Astringents 79
Cidneys,
le. It is
inconti-
ficiency,
sr with
[EN
ing and
Semen
lates Qi
d stop
Spleen
tines to
chronic
?en and
lND
igent in
i stops
82
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae invig Cortex Cinnamomi warms the Interior and
orates the Spleen and dries Dampness. disperses Cold. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Aconiti Praeparata warms Yang, activates Blood circulation, clears Poison
disperses Cold and relieves pain. and stops dysentery
This combination warms Yang, disperses This combination disperses Cold and
Cold, invigorates the Spleen and eliminates stops dysentery. It is indicated for chronic
Herbs that warm the Interior and regulate Qi 83
Table 20.1 Actions and indications of Cortex Cinnamomi in combination with other herbs
Cortex Cinnamomi Both herbs warm Kidney Yang Indicated for Kidney Yang
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata Deficiency
Cortex Connamomi Both herbs warm the Middle Indicated for a cold sensation and
+ Flos Caryophylli Burner and move Qi to relieve pain pain in the heart and abdomen
Cortex Cinnamomi Cortex Cinnamomi warms the Interior Indicated for chronic dysentery due
+ Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and disperses Cold; Radix et to Spleen Yang Deficiency
Rhizoma Rhei purges the intestines
Both herbs warm the Middle Burner, RHIZOMA CYPERI AND FOLIUM
conduct Rebellious Qi downward and ARTEMISIAE ARGYI
vomiting due to stagnation of Cold in the disperses Cold and warms the channels and
liddle
Stomach. uterus.
This combination warms the uterus and
i cold
regulates Qi and menstruation. It is
and
RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS, HERBA ASARI indicated for dysmenorrhoea due to stagna
ith or
o the AND FRUCTUS SCHISANDRA tion of Qi and Cold and for irregular
menstruation and infertility due to retention
Gan Jiang, Xi Xin and W Wei Zi
of Cold in the uterus.
Rhizoma Zingiberis and Herba Asari are
pungent and hot in nature; they warm the
KET
Lungs to resolve retained Water. Fructus PER1CARPIUM CITRI RETICULATAE
Schisandrae is sour in nature and astringes VIRIDE AND PERICARPIUM CITRI
the Lungs to stop cough. RETICULATAE
This combination warms the Lungs, resolves
>r and Qing Pi and Chen Pi
retained Water and stimulates the Lungs'
Rhei
function of governing respiration. It is thus Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride harmo
'oison
indicated for chronic cough and dyspnoea nizes the Liver, breaks Qi stagnation and
due to retention of Cold and Water in the resolves masses. Pericarpium Citri
and
Lungs. Reticulatae regulates Qi and harmonizes the
ironic
84 Port 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
CTUS
Herbs that activate Blood 21
jorates
Burner,
circulation and stop bleeding
:ructus
of Qi,
lellious
harmo-
atterns for pain and palpable abdominal masses due
RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND
to stagnation of Qi and Blood.
RHIZOMA LIGUSTICI CHUANXIONG
- Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae activates Blood This combination nourishes Yin, clears
circulation; Lignum Santali circulates Qi and Empty Fire and Lung Heat and stops
opens the chest; Rhizoma Ligustici bleeding. It is indicated for haemoptysis
Chuanxiong activates the circulation of both due to Lung Yin Deficiency with Empty
Qi and Blood. Fire.
Table 21.1 Types of blood disorder and combinations of herbs that treat them
R
Menstrual disorders due to Blood Deficiency and Stagnation Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Rhizoma Ligusrici Chuanxiong
Uterine bleeding or haematuria due to Blood deficiency and Stagnation Colla Corii Asini
Pollen Typhae
stops
5 seu
Bloody stool due to Spleen not controlling Blood Cacumen Biotae
Baked ginger
solves
stops Non-healing carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to stagnation of Qi and Blood Resina Olibani
stines. Resina Myrrhae
id for
Stabbing pain and feeling of suffocation in the chest due to stagnation of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Qi and Blood Lignum Santali
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
stops
Bleeding from gastrointestinal tract due to Heat Radix Sanguisorbae
from Cacumen Biotae
stops
Part 3:
Application of herbs on
the basis of the
differentiation of
patterns of the
Zang Fu
The Lungs 22
These herbs are pungent, and warm or hot in These herbs are sweet and warm in nature
nature. They are indicated for retention of and are indicated for deficiency of Lung Qi
Cold in the Lungs and for retention of Cold with symptoms of dyspnoea, lassitude and a
Damp in the Lungs with symptoms of low and feeble voice. Commonly used herbs
cough, watery white sputum and a pale include:
iclude: 1. HERBS THAT CLEAR LUNG HE^T, that tonify Lung Qi, e.g. Radix Ginseng and
MOISTEN THE LUNGS AND NOURISH Radix Astragali seu Hedysari are combined
ing Ren with Fructus Schisandrae, Fructus Mume
LUNG YIN
aiBu
and Semen Ginkgo.
fa Huang - Herbs that clear Lung Heat are indicated for
Clinically, patterns of Lung Qi Deficiency
ng Li Zi retention of Heat or Fire in the Lung,
often appear concurrently with patterns of
ei Guo presenting with a Full Heat pattern. Herbs
Lung Yin Deficiency and thus Lung Qi tonics
that moisten the Lungs and nourish Lung
are often combined with Lung Yin tonics,
Yin are indicated for dryness and /or
e.g. Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Polygonati
deficiency of the Lungs, presenting with
are combined with Radix Adenophorae,
Deficiency patterns. Since pathogenic
n nature Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Glehniae.
dryness and Heat tend to consume Body
Lung Qi Lung Qi Deficiency may lead to Lung Yang
Fluids and damage Yin, these patterns often
de and a Deficiency, resulting in retention of Phlegm
ed herbs
exist concurrently Fluid in the Lungs. For this pattern, herbs
Where Lung Dryness due to invasion by
that tonify Lung Qi are combined with herbs
pathogenic dryness and Heat is complicated
that warm the Lungs and resolve retained
ihen with symptoms of consumption of Body
Water, e.g. Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and
Shen Fluids and Yin Deficiency, herbs that clear
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae are combined
'gQ' Lung Heat are combined with herbs that
with Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma
tgjing moisten the Lungs and tonify Lung Yin. For
ngShen Zingiberis, Herba Asari, Poria, Radix Asteris
example, Folium Mori, Cortex Mori Radicis
le and Flos Farfarae (Fig. 22.2).
and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae are combined
with Bulbus Fritillariae, Radix Glehniae,
Radix Adenophorae and Radix 3. HERBS THAT RESOLVE PHLEGM AND
Ophiopogonis. STOP COUGH AND WHEEZE, AND
ture and Where the Yin has been damaged by febrile OTHER TYPES OF HERBS
Yin with disease, or in cases of Yin Deficiency with
a. Herbs that stimulate the dispersing
er, night Empty Fire, with symptoms of tidal fever,
function of the Lungs and herbs that
mmonly night sweats, cough, malar flush and
resolve Phlegm
haemoptysis, herbs that nourish Yin are
combined with herbs that clear Lung Heat This combination is indicated when Phlegm
ng Shen
(Fig. 22.1). blocks the Lungs' dispersing function.
ha Shen
Sha Shen
Herba Ephedrae, Semen Armeniacae
igent in
.ung Qi
chronic Pathological (Full) Heat in Lungs Damage to Lung Yin
e herbs
Lung Yin Deficiency Lung Empty Heat
Zi
In either case, combine:
herbs that clear Lung Heat + herbs that nourish Lung Yin, and moisten the Lungs
U
Ke Fig. 22.1 Patterns of combined Lung Heat and Lung Yin Deficiency.
94
Part .3; Application of herb* on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu
lljjli
i Phlegm-Fluid:
combine with herbs that
warm the Lungs and
resolve Fluid
ii
Fig. 22.2 Complications of chronic cough.
Questions
1. Herba Ephedrae, Fructus Perillae, Semen
Lepidii seu Descurainiae and Semen Ginkgo
95
The Heart 23
>s that
nd
nature. They are indicated for Heart Yang indicated for Heart Fire Blazing with
Deficiency, with symptoms of palpitations, symptoms of restlessness, mouth and
cold limbs, sweating with a cold sensation of tongue ulcers, coma and a red tongue tip.
the body, cyanosis and a pulse that is feeble, Representative herbs include:
thready and fading, deep and hidden, or Radix Coptidis Huang Ltan
knotted. Commonly used herbs include: Fructus Forsythiae Lian Qiao
Fructus Gardeniae ZhiZi
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Fu Zi
Calculus Bovis Niu Huang
Rhizoma Zingiberis Gan Jiang
Radix Rehmanniae ShengDi
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gut Zhi
Herb a Lophatheri Zhu Ye
Caulis Akebiae Mm Tong
Plumula Nelumbinis Lian Xin
3. HERBS THAT TONIFY HEART BLOOD Cortex Moutan Radicis Dan Pi
depression and mania. Commonly used and are indicated for stagnation of Heart
substances which settle and calm the Mind Blood with symptoms of cardiac pain, palpi
include: tations and oppression of the chest.
Cinnabaris Zhu Sha Commonly used herbs include:
Os Draconis Long Gu
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Dan Shen
Magnetitum Ci Shi
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan Xiong
Hi! Margarita Zhen Zhu
Chuanxiong
Concha Margaritifera Usta Zhen Zhu Mu
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gui Zhi
Succinum HuPo
Semen Persicae Tao Ren
Haematitum ZheShi Flos Carthami Hong Hua
Concha Ostreae Mu I i
Radix Paeoniae Rubra ChiShao
Herbs that calm the Mind by nourishing the Eupolyphaga seu DiBieChong
Heart include: Steleeophaga
Hirudo Shui 7hi
Semen Biotae Bai Zi Ren
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Suan Zao Ren
Caulis Polygoni Multiflori Ye Jiao Teng
Radix Polygalae Yuan Zhi
B. Interactions and
Cortex Albiziae He Huan Pi combinations of herbs
Poria cum Ligno Hospite Fu Shen
: Heart
Heart Yin Deficiency Heart Empty Heat
, palpi-
chest. Febrile disease damage to Heart Yin
Fig. 23.1 Patterns of combined Heart Heat and Heart Yin Deficiency.
9 Herbs that tonify Heart Qi are thus often Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Ophiopogonis
hong used in combination with herbs that nourish and Colla Corii Asini.
Heart Blood or Heart Yin.
c. Herbs that clear Heart Fire, resolve Phlegm
and open the orifices
4. COMBINATIONS OF HERBS FOR
Mental disturbance due to obstruction of the
MIXED CONDITIONS OF EXCESS AND
Heart orifices can arise either from Turbid
DEFICIENCY
Phlegm or from exterior Heat invading the
a. Herbs that nourish Heart Yin and clear Pericardium. Since these two conditions
Heart Fire may coexist, herbs that clear Heart Heat are
often combined with herbs that open the
Heart Yin Deficiency is likely to lead to
orifices (Fig. 23.2).
Heated Empty Heat in the Heart; on the other hand,
For example, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus
)s that febrile disease at the Nutritive (Ying) level Forsythiae, Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici and
sed in may damage Heart Yin.
Calculus Bovis are combined with
art Qi. Herbs that nourish Heart Yin are thus
Moschus, Borneolum Syntheticum,
nbined often combined with herbs that clear Heart
Rhizoma Acori Graminei and Radix
imulus Fire. For example, Colla Corii Asini and
Curcumae.
Radix Radix Ophiopogonis are combined with
Similarly, herbs that resolve Phlegm are
Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Forsythiae
combined with herbs that open the orifices.
(Fig. 23.1). For example, Radix Polygalae, Succus
Bambusae and Bulbus Fritillariae are
OD b. Herbs that tonify Heart Blood and Yin and
combined with Rhizoma Acori Graminei,
RT herbs that calm the Mind Radix Curcumae and Borneolum
When Heart Blood and Yin are deficient, the Syntheticum.
jjelicae Heart is not nourished; this leads to restless For restlessness with insomnia due to Heart
os that ness from Deficiency. In this case, herbs that Fire Blazing with Phlegm-Fire harassing the
rt Yin. calm the Mind are combined with herbs that Heart, herbs that clear Heart Fire are used in
: Yin- tonify Heart Blood and Yin. For example, combination with herbs that clear Phlegm
Radix Semen Biotae, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Os and herbs that calm the Mind. For example,
Corii Draconis and Cinnabaris-coated Poria cum Rhizoma Coptidis and Caulis Bambusae in
Ligno Hospite are combined with Radix Taeniam are combined with Cinnabaris-
Heart
these
rombi-
Turbid Phlegm
Obstruction of the
orifices of the Heart
ND Heat invading
.OOD the Pericardium
Questions
1. Compare and contrast herbs that tonify
Heart Qi and herbs that warm Heart Yang
How do they interrelate?
2. Compare and contrast herbs that nourish
Heart Yin, herbs that clear Heart Fire and
herbs that calm the Mind. How do they
interrelate?
99
2. HERBS THAT WARM SPLEEN YANG Fructus Amomi Cardamomi Bai Dou Kou
Herba Elsholtziae Xiang Ru
These herbs are pungent and warm or hot. Rhizoma Acori Graminei Shi Chang Pu
They are indicated for Spleen Yang
Deficiency with symptoms of poor appetite,
loose stools, cold limbs and a cold sensation
and pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.
5. HERBS THAT REGULATE SPLEEN AND
Commonly used herbs include:
STOMACH QI
Rhizoma Zingiberis Gan Jiang
These herbs are pungent, warm and
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Fu Zi
aromatic in nature. They are indicated for
Cortex Cinnamomi Rou Gui
stagnation of Spleen and Stomach Qi with
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gui Zhi
Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Yi Zhi Ren symptoms of distension and pain in the
epigastrium and abdomen. Commonly used
herbs include:
and a red tongue with scanty coating. AND INVIGORATE THE STOMACH
Commonly used herbs include: These herbs relieve Food Retention, assist
Herba Dendrobii Shi Hu digestion and invigorate the Stomach. They
Radix Ophiopogonis Mai Dong are indicated for Retention of Food with
Radix GlehniaeBei Sha Shen symptoms of distending epigastric and
Radix Adenophorae Nan Sha Shen abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, poor
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati Yu Zhu appetite and indigestion. Commonly used
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Shan Yao
herbs include:
and neutral, moist and oily in nature. They Fructus Schisandrae Wu Wei Zi
Semen Myristicae Rou Dou Kou
are indicated for constipation due to
Semen Euryales Qian Shi
deficiency of Body Fluids and Blood.
Semen Nelumbinis Lian Zi
Commonly used herbs include:
Fructus Chebulae HeZi
:h
Fruchis Cannabis Huo Ma Ren Pericarpium Granati Shi Liu Pi
, assist Semen Pruni Yu Li Ren Cortex Ailanthi Chun Gen Pi
i. They Fructus Trichosanthis Gua Lou Ren Halloysitum Rubrum Chi Shi Zhi
c and Amarum
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui
i, poor
Herba Cistanchis Ron Cong Rong
y used
Harsh cathartics that dispel retained Water B. Mutual interaction and
are toxic and purge very strongly; they
ha combinations of herbs
should therefore be used with extreme
caution. They are indicated for patterns of
>u Retention of Water in the chest and abdomen 1. HERBS THAT TONIFY SPLEEN QI,
Hn characterized by excessive pathogenic HERBS THAT WARM SPLEEN YANG
factors and strong Zheng Qi. Commonly AND HERBS THAT LIFT CENTRAL QI
Zi used herbs include:
Spleen Yang Deficiency is often complicated
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui Gan Sui with a general deficiency of Qi. Herbs that
Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis Da }i warm Spleen Yang are thus often combined
ACID Flos Genkwa Yuan Hua with herbs that tonify Spleen Qi. For
Semen Pharbitidis Qian Niu Zi
example, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and
cretion Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae are
y with combined with Rhizoma Zingiberis and
13. HERBS THAT CLEAR DAMP-HEAT
regur- Radix Aconiti Praeparata in the treatment of
FROM THE LARGE INTESTINE
;tances deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna
These herbs are bitter and cold in nature and tion of Cold.
are indicated for diarrhoea, dysentery and Sinking of Central Qi is essentially a
102
\i1 Part 3: Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu
Deficient transportation
ana transformation of fluids resulls in
stagnation of flucfe and leads Jo
the tormatfon of
DAMPNESS
QI
DEFICIENCY DAMPNESS
ill'
manifestation of Spleen Qi Deficiency. Thus
Dampness and Qi Stagnation are closely
in the treatment of Sinking of Central Qi, related pathological patterns (Fig. 24.1).
herbs that lift the Qi such as Rhizoma Herbs that resolve Dampness and herbs that
Cimicifugae and Radix Bupleuri are
regulate Qi are similar in nature, being
combined with herbs that tonify Spleen Qi
pungent, warm and aromatic. Some herbs
such as Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and that resolve Dampness also regulate Qi, such
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae.
as Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and Fructus
Amomi.
toniltcairon of 6 therefore
necessary to regulate
0 may add to the
Qi whiter tonrtying
Stagnation
However, herbs that tonify Qi are like to Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine and reten
aggravate Qi Stagnation in patients with tion of Dampness in the Spleen and
weakness of the Middle Burner. To provide Stomach. In the treatment of chronic
tonification without worsening stagnation, diarrhoea and dysentery due to deficiency of
Qi tonics are combined with a small|dose of the Large Intestine, herbs that stop diarrhoea
herbs that regulate Qi. For example, Radix by astringing the Large Intestine are
Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix Astragali, combined with herbs that invigorate the
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Spleen and warm Spleen Yang. For example,
treated Radix Glycyrrhizae may be Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Rhizoma
combined with Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma
Amomi and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Dioscoreae, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
and Rhizoma Zingiberis are often used
together.
4. HERBS THAT NOURISH STOMACH YIN
AND CLEAR STOMACH FIRE
^
moistening dryness and promoting Body
Fluids with sweet and cold herbs, and of
conducting Rebellious Qi downward and
relieving constipation.
herbs
Herbs
Ramulus Uncariae cum Gou Teng
1. HERBS THAT CLEAR LIVER HEAT Uncis
Rhizoma Gastrodiae Tian Ma
These herbs are bitter and cold in nature and Folium Apocyni Veneti Luo Bu Ma
are indicated for Liver Heat and Liver Fire
with symptoms of headache, red eyes,
irritability or mania and a red tongue with a
yellow coating. Commonly used herbs 3. HERBS THAT CALM LIVER WIND
and dream-disturbed sleep. Commonly used They are indicated for Liver Yin
substances include: Deficiency with symptoms of dizziness,
blurred vision and a dry red tongue with
Shells scanty coating. Commonly used herbs
Concha Haliotidis Shi Jue Ming include:
Concha Ostreae MuLi
Radix Rehmanniae ShengDi
Concha Margaritifera Zhen Zhu Mu Radix Rehmanniae ShuDi
Usta
Praeparata
Plastrum Testudinis Gui Ban Fructus Lycii Gou Qi Zi
Carapax Trionycis Bie Jia
Radix Paeoniae Alba BaiShao
Fructus Comi Shan Zhu Yu
Minerals Radix Polygoni Multiflori He Shou Wu
Os Draconis Lnnv Gu Carapax Trionycis Bie )ia
The Liver and Gall Bladder 105
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Dan Shen
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Shu Di Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan Xiong
Radix Paeoniae Alba Bat Shao Chuanxiong
Colla Corii Asini A Jiao Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui
Radix Polygoni Multiflori He Shou Wu Flos Carthami Hong Hua
Fructus Corni Gou Qi Zi Semen Fersicae Tao Ren
Rhizoma Sparganii San Leng
Rhizoma Zedoariae EZhu
Herba Leonuri YiMu Cao
6. HERBS THAT HARMONIZE THE
Radix Paeoniae Rubra Chi Shao
LIVER
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Da Huang
These herbs are pungent and dispersing in Cortex Moutan Radicis Dan Pi
Uao Rhizoma Cyperi Xiang Fu 9. HERBS THAT CLEAR HEAT FROM THE
Pericaipium Citri QingPi
GALL BLADDER
Reticulatae Viride
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Chuan Liatt Zi These herbs are bitter and cold in nature.
Radix Curcumae Yu Jin They are indicated for retention of Heat in
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan Xiong the Gall Bladder channel with symptoms of
Chuanxiong
hypochondriac pain, alternating chills and
Fructus Citri Xiang Yuan
fever, and jaundice. Commonly used herbs
Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis Fu Shou
include:
Flos Mume Albus Lu E Mei
Flos Rosae Rugosae Mei GuiHua Radix Gentianae Long Dan
Cao
:n Radix Scutellariae Huang Qin
Liver Fire
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Yin Chen Hao For Liver Heat without Fire, less powerful
Fructus Gardeniae ZhiZi herbs such as Flos Chrysanthemi,
Radix Curcumae Yu Jin Folium Mori and Concha Haliotidis are
Radix Scutellariae Huang Qin
indicated.
Herba Lysimachiae Jin Qian Cao
Spora Lygodii Hai Jin Sha
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Da Huang
3. HERBS THAT NOURISH LIVER YIN,
Natrii Sulfas Mang Xiao
Endothelium Comeum Ji Nei Jin
CLEAR LIVER HEAT, SUPPRESS LIVER
Gigeriae Galli YANG AND CALM LIVER WIND
Fig. 25.3 Combination of herbs to treat Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel.
IN,
IVER
Yang and herbs that calm Liver Wind? How
do these categories of herbs interrelate?
er Yang 2. Compare and contrast herbs that harmonize
merit of the Liver, herbs that benefit the Gall Bladder
Yin are and herbs that clear Heat from the Liver and
at clear Gall Bladder.
id calm
LIVER
RM
eat and
ver are
er Heat
channel
it warm
bs that
ate Qi
bs that
3S Liver
108
5. DIURETIC HERBS
ia Cao 2. HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY YANG
These herbs are sweet and bland in nature AND HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY
and are indicated for dysuria and oedema. YIN
Commonly used herbs include:
Because Yin and Yang have the same root,
Poria Fu Ling Kidney Yang cannot flourish without the
IN Polyporus Umbellatus Zhu Ling support of Kidney Yin. In the treatment of
Rhizoma Alismatis Ze Xie
Kidney Yang Deficiency, herbs that tonify
slightly Semen Plantaginis Che Qian Zi
Kidney Yang are often combined with herbs
nature,
that tonify Kidney Yin.
ificiency
eakness 6. HERBS THAT OPEN THE WATER
tinnitus PASSAGES
3. HERBS THAT STRENGTHEN TENDONS
i herbs
These herbs are cold in nature and are AND BONES, HERBS THAT STIMULATE
indicated for urinary disturbance due to THE RECEPTION OF QI AND HERBS
Di retention of Heat and for haematuria, THAT TONIFY KIDNEY YIN AND
ngDi KIDNEY YANG
urolithiasis or turbid urine. Commonly used
ihou Wu
herbs include:
nZ.hu Weakness of the tendons and bones due to
u Caulis Akebiae Mu Tong Liver and Kidney Deficiency is rooted in
Zhen Zi
Ban
n Shen
Kidney Yang Deficiency
<idney
Part 4:
d open
Combinations and
it stop
stween
bs that
comparisons of
commonly used
formulae
113
present, the method of warming the and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae. Its diaphoretic
ae and
channels and promoting diaphoresis is action is therefore weak, but it regulates
adopted. In case of Retention of Food, the Defensive and Nutritive Qi. This formula is
method of promoting digestion and indicated for Wind-Cold patterns of the
promoting diaphoresis is adopted. If Deficiency type with symptoms of sweating,
oratum and a superficial and weak pulse in addition
symptoms and signs are severe and the
patient's constitution is strong, the method to other symptoms of invasion of Wind-
of producing vigorous sweating is adopted. Cold.
Seven If symptoms and signs are mild and the
2. - Da Qing Long Tang
patient's constitution is weak, the method of
Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction
causing mild sweating is adopted.
- Xiao Qing Long Tang
- Small Green Dragon Decoction
ogenic
Cinnamon Twig Decoction Regulates Defensive and Wind-Cold patterns of the Deficiency
; Body
Nutritive Qi type
ig. It is
/.
Major Blue-Green Dragon Releases the Exterior Wind-Cold complicated with Interior
gnosis Decoction Clears Internal Heat Heat
ting a
Small Green Dragon Decoction Warms the Lungs Wind-Cold complicated with Interior
edicine Resolves Phlegm-Fluid Phlegm-Fluid
3. - Sangju Yin
Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum
Decoction
- Yin Qiao San
Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder
Questions
1. What principles should be observed in
formulating prescriptions to Release the
Exterior?
2. How would you formulate a prescription for
the treatment of Deficient-type patterns of
invasion by external pathogenic factors?
119
Purgative formulae 28
in Da Xian Xiong Tang (Major Sinking into accumulation of dry faeces and the
the Chest Decoction). consumption of Body Fluids due to Full
Heat, Empty Heat or damage to Essence and
2. Formulating warm purgative prescriptions Blood following a prolonged illness or child
birth.
These formulae are indicated for constipa
tion with abdominal pain due to retention of In cases where Full Heat has consumed
Full Cold. Body Fluids, resulting in dry constipation,
the nature of the pattern is Excess com
The two factors of this pattern are the
accumulation of faeces and pathogenic Cold. plicated with Deficiency. Here, the method
Pathogenic Cold is resolved by warming of moistening the intestines is combined
and the accumulation of faeces is relieved by with the method of purging by combining
moist purgatives with herbs that nourish
purging. Warm purgative formulae therefore
consist of herbs that warm the Interior and the Yin and harmonize the Interior and
with herbs that clear Heat, regulate Qi and
dispel Cold, and purgative herbs. Warm
relieve constipation. An example is the
purgative herbs may be used, or a combina
tion of warm and hot herbs with cold purga combination of Fructus Cannabis, Semen
tives. Armeniacae Amarum, Radix Paeoniae Alba
For sudden distending and boring pain in and Mel with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus,
the heart and abdomen, lockjaw and sudden Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and Radix et
syncope, powerful hot purgatives are
Rhizoma Rhei in Ma Zi Ren Wan (Hemp
Seed Pill).
combined with herbs that warm the Interior
and dispel Cold, or with cold purgatives. An If dry constipation is caused by a deficiency
example is the combination of Fructus of Essence and Blood, the correct treatment
method is to relieve constipation gently with
Crotonis (Ba Dou) with Radix et Rhizoma
Rhei and dried Rhizoma Zingiberis in San warm and moist herbs, using herbs that
Wu Bet Ji Wan (Three-Substance Pill for warm the Kidneys, moisten the intestines
Emergencies). and tonify Essence and Blood. However,
If the onset of the disorder is gradual, and moist herbs can produce stagnation, and
pathological changes are not severe but purgatives may cause sinking of Qi in a
weak person. Therefore, herbs that regulate
consist of constipation, abdominal pain, a
thick white tongue coating and a deep tense Qi and herbs that raise Yang should be
added.
pulse, the correct method of treatment is
An example of such a formula is Ji Chuan
warming the Interior, dispelling Cold and
fiart (Benefit the River Decoction) in which
gently relieving constipation. In this case,
herbs that warm the Interior are combined Herba Cistanchis tonifies Kidney Essence,
with cold purgatives, and Qi tonic herbs are moistens the intestines and relieves consti
pation; Radix Angelicae Sinensis tonifies
added to the formula. Examples are the
combination of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with Blood and moistens the intestines; Radix
Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Herba Asari in Achyran this Bidentatae tonifies the Kidneys
Da Huang Fu Zi Tang (Rhubarb and and strengthens the lumbar region; Fructus
Prepared Aconite Decoction) and the Aurantii relaxes the intestines and sends Qi
downward; and Rhizoma Cimicifugae raises
combination of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with
the clear Yang and conducts the turbid Yin
Radix Aconiti Praeparata, dried Rhizoma
downward
Zingiberis, Radix Ginseng and treated Radix
Glycyrrhizae in Wen Pi Tang (Warm Ihe
Spleen Decoction). 4. Formulae that drive out excess waler
nd the Genkwa, Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis, constipation, the correct formula is Zeng Ye
to Full Semen Pharbitidis and Radix Phytolaccae, Cheng Qi Tang (Increase the Fluids and
nee and all of which dispel water via urine and Order the Qi Decoction). In this formula,
jrchild- stool. herbs such as Radix Scophulariae, Radix
However, such herbs are powerful and Rehmanniae and Radix Ophiopogonis,
nsumed somewhat toxic cathartics, and Fructus which nourish the Yin and promote Body
:ipation, Ziziphi Jujubae or other Spleen tonics are Fluids, are combined with cold purgatives
ss com- generally added to these formulae to protect such as Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii
method the Middle Burner, as in Shi Zcta Tang (Ten- Sulfas.
imbined Jujube Decoction}. If constipation is due to accumulation of
mbining If the pathological pattern includes Cold with Spleen Yang Deficiency, purgative
nourish oedema which blocks Qi circulation, as well herbs are combined with herbs that warm
ior and as Full Heat with thirst, coarse breathing, a the Interior and tonify Qi. An example is
Qi and hard abdomen and constipation, herbs Wen Pi Tang (Warm the Spleen Decoction),
is the that regulate Qi should be added. An in which Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is combined
Semen example of such a formula is Zhou Che with Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma
lae Alba Wan (Vessel and Vehicle Pill), in which Zingiberis, Radix Ginseng and treated Radix
na turns, Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae.
ladix et Euphorbiae Kansui, Flos Genkwa and
(Hemp Semen Pharbitidis are combined with
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride,
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
ficiency Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix
eatment
FORMULATING PURGATIVE
Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix et
PRESCRIPTIONS
itly with Rhizoma Rhei.
rbs that 1. Purgative formulae work in different ways,
ites tines depending upon the dosage and the method
5. Formulating prescriptions to purge and
owever,
of decoction and administration. For
tonify simultaneously
on, and example, Major Order the Qi Decoction and
Qi in a These formulae consist of purgative herbs Minor Order the Qi Decoction have different
regulate and tonic herbs in combination. They are actions and indications despite having
ould be indicated for an accumulation of pathogenic similar ingredients. If Fructus Aurantii
factors in the gastrointestinal tract compli Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae
i Chuan cated with a deficiency of the Upright Offidnalis are prescribed in large dosages
n which (Zheng) Qi of the body. In such cases, purga and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is added toward
Essence, tive herbs alone will further damage the the end of the cooking time, the purgative
i consti- Upright Qi, while tonic herbs alone will effect will be strong. If Fructus Aurantii
tonifies strengthen the pathogenic factors. Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae
;; Radix Interior patterns of Excess can consist either Officinalis are used in small dosages and the
Kidneys of accumulation of Heat or accumulation three herbs are cooked together, the purga
Fructus of Cold. Internal deficiency may involve tive effect will be weaker.
ends Qi Yin, Yang, Qi or Blood. The selection of Fructus Crotonis, an ingredient of Three-
ae raises formulae thus depends upon the individual Substance PHI for Emergencies, is a
rbid Yin case. powerful cathartic and should be adminis
If accumulation of Heat is severe, and Qi and tered in small doses, in the form of pills or
Blood are deficient, the method of clearing powder with the oil removed in order to
Heat with powerful purgatives is combined reduce its irritant effect on the stomach and
with the method of tonifying Qi and intestines.
consist Blood. An example of such a formula is Similarly, if Radix Euphorbiae Kansui is
ter and Huang Long Tang (Yellow Dragon taken in large doses it will effectively drive
ited for Decoction), in which Major Order the Qi out excess water but is likely to damage
st and Decoction is combined with Qi and Blood Stomach Qi. This side-effect is largely
)toms of tonics such as Radix Ginseng and Radix avoided if it is taken in small doses and
Angelicae Sinensis. combined with jujube, as in Ten-Jujube
purpose If there is an accumulation of Heat in Yang Decoction, in order to minimize its
ji, Flos Ming which consumes Yin, producing dry toxicitv.
122 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
Zhongling points out, 'Constipation can be - Minor Order the Qi Decoction does not
the result of dryness of Blood in old age, contain Natrii Sulfas, and Radix et Rhizoma
exhaustion of Blood following childbirth, Rhei is cooked together with smaller doses
consumption of Body Fluids and Blood due of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex
\i
to prolonged illness.... Pathological condi Magnoliae Officinalis. The formula is thus
tions will deteriorate if purgatives are taken milder in its action and is used in the treat
carelessly.' ment of less severe Yang Ming Heat, charac
terized by distress and fullness without
dryness.
Major Order the Qi Decoction Purges strongly Yang Ming Heat (severe) with distress,
fullness, dryness
Minor Order the Qi Decoction Purges less strongly Yang Ming Heat (less severe) with
distress and fullness onlv
Regulate the Stomach and Order Purges mildly Yang Ming Heat (mild) with no
B
theQi Decoction
Qi stagnation
Yellow Dragon Decoction Clears Heal Interior Full Heat complicated with
Dispels accumulation Qi and Blood Deficiency
Tonifies Qi and Blood
Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Clears Heat Acute febrile disease or Yang Ming
Decoction Nourishes Yin and Fluids Heat with Yin deficiency
Relieves constipation
Purgative formulae 123
vithout
distension, fullness and pain, a feverish
sensation of the body, thirst, lassitude, a
burnt yellow or dark tongue coating and a
the Qi
.urantii
deficient pulse.
Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi
gnoliae
Decoction combines Natrii Sulfas and Radix
ei and
et Rhizoma Rhei with Radix Scrophulariae,
\er and
Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Rehmanniae
to nourish Yin, clear Heat, increase Body
Fluids and relieve constipation. This formula
is thus indicated for acute febrile diseases
and Yang Ming Heat with Yin Deficiency,
listress, with symptoms of constipation, thirst, dry
lips, a dry and burnt yellow tongue coating
and a thready and rapid pulse.
ith
Questions
with 1. What are the indications for purgative
formulae?
2. How are cold purgative prescriptions
ling formulated?
124
and
prescribed according to the functions of the
- pungent and cool herbs that clear and
affected organs, their related channels,
disperse Heat, such as Fructus Arctii,
related organs and the actions of individual
Bombyx Batryticatus and Herba herbs.
Menthae.
For example, before formulae for clearing
The representative formula is Pu Ji Xiao Du Heat in the Heart are prescribed it must be
Yin (Universal Benefit Decoction to known that the Heart houses the Mind,
Eliminate Toxin). dominates the blood vessels, opens into the
If the Fire Poison moves to the pubic region tongue, is externally - internally related to
or if Blood Stasis and Heat combine in the the Small Intestine and has a Fire-Water
lower limbs, presenting with large carbun relationship to the Kidneys. It must also be
cles in the pubic region and gangrene of the known that Heart Fire can disturb the Mind,
toes, herbs that clear Heat are combined damage the Blood, cause Blood Stasis and
with: move upward to affect the tongue or
downward to affect the Small Intestine.
- herbs that drain Dampness through the
Symptoms of Heart Fire can thus include a
urine, such as Semen Plantaginis, Caulis heat sensation in the heart and chest,
Akebiae and Rhizoma Alismatis
restlessness, tongue ulcers, scanty deep-
and/or
yellow urine, insomnia, haemorrhage and
- herbs that nourish and activate Blood suppurating skin conditions.
such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis and - The herbs used to treat such a pattern
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. include:
The representative formulae are Long Dan
- bitter and cold herbs that enter the Heart
Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Draining the Liver
channel and clear Heat, such as Rhizoma
Decoction) for scrotal abscess and swelling
Coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae
of lymph nodes in the groin due to venereal
- herbs that nourish Yin and Blood, such as
disease and Si Miao Yong An Tang (Four-
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophulariae
Valiant Decoction for Well-being) for and Colla Corii Asini
gangrene of the toes.
- herbs that clear Heat through the urine,
If Fire Poison is retained in the vessels and
such as Herba Lophatheri, Caulis
muscles, forming boils, ulcers and furuncles,
Akebiae and Semen Plantaginis
herbs that clear Fire Poison and treat suppu - herbs that clear Heat in the Heart and
rating skin conditions, such as Flos
calm the Mind such as Cinnabaris and
Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Herba Succinum
Taraxaci, Herba Violae and Flos - herbs that cool Blood and stop bleeding
Chrysanrhemi are used. These are combined
such as Rhizoma Imperatae and Herba
with herbs that activate Blood, relieve Cephalanoploris.
swelling and soften hard masses, such as the
Mil tail of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Resina - The representative formulae are Dao Chi San
Olibani, Resina Myrrhae, Squama Manitis, (Eliminating Redness Powder) and Xie Xin
Spina Gleditsiae and Bulbus Fritillariae. Tang (Drain the Epigastrium Decoction).
The representative formulae are Wu Wei Xiao - Before prescribing formulae for clearing
Du Yin (Five-Ingredient Decoction to Liver Heat it must be understood that the
Eliminate Toxin) and Xian Fang Huo Ming Liver stores Blood, promotes the free flow of
Yin (Sublime Formula for Sustaining Life). Qi, opens into the eyes, is externally - inter
nally related to the Gall Bladder, has a Wood
4. Formulating prescriptions for clearing - Earth relationship with the Spleen and has
Heat in the organs a common origin with the Kidney; and thai
the Liver channel encircles the pubic region,
Each of the Zang Fu has its own physiolog
passes through the hypochondrium, links
ical functions, channel and location and its
with the eye system and reaches the vertex.
own symptoms and signs of disease-
It must also be understood that excessive
Patterns of disease may involve a singie
Heat in the Liver channel can damage Liver
organ or two or more organs simultaneously.
Blood, impair the function of promoting the
Formulae for clearing Heat in the organs are
free flow of Qi, affect the Gall Bladder,
Formulae for clearing Heat 127
disturb the head and eyes, invade the Spleen the secondary treatment method is clearing
i of the
and Stomach and consume Kidney Yin, Heat with cold and cool herbs.
annels,
producing hypochondriac pain, acid regur- Patterns of Interior Heat may involve the Qi,
ividual
gitation, a bitter taste in the mouth, poor Blood, Zang and/or Fu; clinical manifesta
appetite, headache, red eyes and! turbid tions will vary according to the location of
learing
vaginal discharge. the disease and the method of treatment
lust be
To clear Liver Heat, the primary herbs used must be adapted accordingly.
Mind,
are those which clear Heat in the Liver The severity of the pattern also determines
nto the
channel, such as Radix Gentianae, Radix which herbs are selected. Severe Interior
ated to
Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Indigo Heat will not improve if only mild herbs are
-Water
Naturalis, and Aloe. These are combined used. Conversely, if strong herbs are used to
also be
with:
treat mild Interior Heat patterns, patterns of
: Mind,
Cold will be created.
sis and - herbs that nourish Liver Blood such as The constitution of the patient is another
pie or
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae relevant factor in the selection of herbs.
testine.
Alba and Radix Rehmanniae Strong herbs should be used if the patient
:lude a
or has a strong constitution and Interior Full
chest,
- herbs that clear Damp-Heat such as Heat; even if the action of the herbs is too
deep- Caulis Akebiae, Rhizoma Alismatis and strong, it will not cause serious problems.
ge and
Semen Plantaginis However, if the patient has a weak constitu
or tion (e.g. women in the postpartum period),
pattern
- herbs that harmonize the Liver and cold and cool herbs should not be prescribed
disperse Fire such as Radix Bupleuri and in large doses even if there is high fever. In
b Heart Radix Ledebouriellae. these cases, the Heat should be cleared
nizoma - The representative formulae are Long Dan gradually to avoid the situation wherein
Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Draining the Liver 'Heat is not cleared, but internal Cold is
such as Decoction), Zuo )in Wan (Left Metal Pill), produced'.
ulariae
and Dang Gui Long Hui Wan {Dang Gui, 2. Therapeutic results are also related to
Gentian and Aloe Pill). dosage and the method of decoction and
urine, administration. For example, Gypsum
Caulis Fibrosum is a mineral and its active ingredi
ents are not easily extracted by cooking. It is
irt and C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN therefore often prescribed in large doses and
ris and FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR decocted for a long time before adding other
CLEARING HEAT herbs.
leeding
1. Interior Heat patterns may be patterns of Flos Lonicerae and Herba Houttuyniae
Herba Excess or Deficiency.
should not be decocted for a long time as this
Patterns of Excess are characterized by disperses their active ingredients.
abrupt onset, short duration, severe Extremely bitter and cold herbs such as
Zhi San
symptoms and rapid pathological changes. Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis,
Xie Xin
They tend to consume Qi and Body Fluids Cortex Phellodendri and Radix Gentianae
on),
and can cause the Blood to move recklessly. can easily damage the Stomach and Spleen.
learing
The main clinical manifestations include They should therefore not be prescribed in
hat the
high fever, restlessness, flushed face, yellow large doses, nor taken for a long time.
flow of
urine, dry stool, a rapid and forceful Radix Rehmanniae is cold, nourishing and
- inter-
pulse and a red tongue with yellow coating sticky in nature and when taken in large
i Wood.
or thorns. In severe cases, there may be doses for a long time may impair the
md has
convulsions, mania and haemorrhage. function of the Spleen and Stomach.
nd that
The correct treatment method is clearing 3. Formulae for clearing Heat are contraindi-
region,
cated in cases of persisting Exterior patterns,
i, links Heat.
Patterns of Deficiency are characterized by deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach with
vertex,
slow onset, long duration, slow pathological stagnation of Cold, Yang Deficiency with
cessive
changes, Yin Deficiency and excess of Yang. fever, and patterns of True Cold and False
e Liver
The primary treatment method is that of Heat.
ing the
nourishing Yin with sweet and cold herbs; Patterns of Deficient Fire are treated by
ladder,
128 Par! 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
tonification rather than clearing. For patterns of Qi level Full Heat. Typical
example, Empty Fire due to Kidney Yin symptoms include high fever, profuse
Deficiency is treated by strengthening Water sweating, restlessness, severe thirst and a
to control Fire. Floating Yang due to Kidney large and surging pulse.
Yang Deficiency is treated by returning the Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction clears
Fire to its origin. Heat more gently, but also nourishes Qi and
In these cases, the method of clearing Heat Yin, harmonizes the Stomach and stops
would aggravate the pathological condition. vomiting. It is thus indicated for the late
stage of febrile disease marked by damage to
Qi and Body Fluids and retention of residual
D. A COMPARISON OF FORMULAE FOR
Heat. Typical symptoms include a feverish
CLEARING HEAT (TABLE 29.3)
sensation, profuse sweating, restlessness,
1. - BaiHu Tang thirst with desire to drink, a red tongue with
White Tiger Decoction scanty coating and a thready and rapid
- Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang pulse.
Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction White Tiger Decoction is an extremely cold
formula used in the treatment of severe Full
Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction is
Heat patterns. Lophatherus and Gypsum
White Tiger Decoction with Rhizoma
Decoction clears Heat but tonifies at the
Anemarrhenae removed and Radix Ginseng,
same time and is used in the aftermath of
Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Ophiopogonis and
febrile disease to clear Heat from Deficiency.
Herba Lophatherus added. Both formulae
clear Heat and promote Body Fluids and are 2. - Qing Ying Tang
indicated forQi level Heat. Clear the Nutritive level Decoction
White Tiger Decoction is more powerful in - Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
clearing Heat and promoting Body Fluids Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia
and is thus indicated for Yang Ming Heat or Decoction
Lophatherus and Gypsum Clears Heat more gently Late stage febrile disease with
Decoction Nourishes Qi and Yin residua] Heat and damage to Fluids
Harmonizes the Stomach
Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Clears Heat from Nutritive Blood level Heat
Decoction and Blood levels
Stops bleeding
Resolves Stasis
Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction Clears Heat from Nutritive Nutritive level Heat
and Blood levels
ClearsQi level Heat
Nourishes Yin
Jade Woman Decoction Clears Stomach Heat Stomach Heat complicated with Yin
Nourishes Yin Deficiency
Expelling Whiteness Powder Clears Lung Heat 1 ung Heat which has damaged Yin,
Nourishes the Stomach but Fire not severe
These are the representative formulae for ingredients, both clear Stomach Heat.
Typical
clearing Nutritive level Heat and cooling Clearing the Stomach Powder clears
irofuse
Blood. Both contain Cornu Rhinoceri and Stomach Fire and cools Blood and is thus
and a
Radix Rehmanniae to clear Heat from the indicated for toothache due to Stomach Fire
Heart, clear Fire Poison, cool Blood and and bleeding gums due to Heat damaging
i clears
nourish Yin. Both are indicated for Heat at the blood vessels. Jade Woman Decoction
3i and
the Nutritive and Blood levels, with clears Stomach Heat and nourishes Yin and
'S
symptoms of fever which is more is thus indicated for toothache, epistaxis,
le late
pronounced at night, mild thirst, restless restlessness and thirst due to Stomach Heat
rage to
ness, insomnia, delirium, a deep-red tongue complicated with Yin Deficiency.
;sidual
;verish and a rapid pulse.
4. - Xie Bai San
Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia
ssness, Expelling Whiteness Powder
e with Decoction consists of herbs that act only on
- Wei ]ing Tang
rapid the Blood level such as Cornu Rhinoceri,
Reed Decoction
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae and
Cortex Moutan Radicis. It is thus more effec Expelling Whiteness Powder consists of
y cold
tive in cooling Blood and stopping bleeding; Cortex Lycii Radicis, Cortex Mori Radicis,
re Full
it also resolves Blood Stasis. It is indicated Radix Glycyrrhizae and non-glutinous rice.
/psum
for Blood level Heat with symptoms of Reed Decoction consists of Rhizoma
at the
haemoptysis, haematemesis, epistaxis, Phragmitis, Semen Coicis,
Semen
ath of
haematuria, bloody stools, dark-purple Benincasae and Semen Persicae. Both
:iency.
ecchymoses and petechiae and a deep-red or formulae clear Lung Heat and stop cough
purple tongue. and are thus indicated for cough and
In addition to Cornu Rhinoceri and Radix dyspnoea due to Lung Heat.
Rehmanniae, Clear the Nutritive Level Expelling Whiteness Powder clears Heat as
Decoction also contains Radix Salviae its primary function and nourishes the
Miltiorrhizae, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Stomach as a secondary function, in accor
Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Coptidis, Herba dance with the concept of nourishing the
Lophatheri, Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Earth to strengthen Metal. It is indicated
Forsythiae. Because it contains herbs that when Lung Heat has damaged the Yin, and
clear Qi level Heat as well as herbs that clear when Qi fails to descend properly, but
Heat from the Nutritive and Blood levels, Upright Qi is not severely damaged and Fire
this formula is more effective in clearing is not severe.
Heat from the Nutritive level via the Qi Reed Decoction not only clears Lung Heat
level, and nourishing Yin. It is thus indicated but also dispels Blood Stasis and pus and is
-luids for Heat at the Nutritive level, with thus indicated for lung abscess formed by
symptoms of fever which is more retention of stagnant Blood and Heat in the
pronounced at night, restlessness, insomnia, Lung, with symptoms of chest pain, foul
possible delirium and an indistinct skin sputum or spitting of purulent blood.
rash, a deep-red dry tongue and a thready Both formulae treat patterns involving
and rapid pulse. pathogenic Heat, but Expelling Whiteness
Powder is prescribed where there is a
3. - Qing Wei San deficiency of Upright Qi, while Reed
Clearing the Stomach Powder Decoction is prescribed when the patient's
- Yu Nu Jian constitution is strong.
Jade Woman Decoction
3. Formulating prescriptions for warming the Cervj, plus smaller doses of baked Rhizoma
channels and dispersing Cold Zingiberis, Cortex Cinnamomi, Herba
These formulae warm the channels, remove Ephedrae and Semen Sinapsis Albae to
obstruction from the collaterals, disperse warm the Yang, tonify Blood, disperse Cold
Cold and relieve stagnation. They are and relieve stagnation. The representative
indicated for Yang Deficiency and invasion formula is Yang He Tang (Yang-Heartening
of the channels and collaterals by Cold. Decoction).
Retention of Cold-Phlegm in the muscles, in nature. They warm the Interior and
tendons and bones produces generalized disperse pathogenic Cold but they also
swelling with more soreness than pain and consume Yin and damage Body Fluids.
absence of discoloration. Incorrect application of these formulae may
In cither case, the treatment method is to cause side-effects and a correct diagnosis is
vital.
warm the channels, disperse Cold, nourish
the Blood and remove obstruction from the The book insight into Medicine says:
vessels with two main groups of herbs: For Cold invasion of the body surface in
Winter, the method of providing warmth
- Ramulus Cinnamomi, Herba Asari, and
and dispersing Cold is adopted. For
Herba Ephedrae
! and
- Radix Angehcae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae
Wind invasion of the body in Winter, the
method of providing warmth and
dispersing Wind is adopted. For retention
Alba, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and
of Cold Phlegm, the method of providing
Colla Cornus Cervi.
warmth and resolving Phlegm is
Other herbs must then be added according adopted. For injury to the Spleen and
to the pattern of the individual patient. Stomach by cold food, the method of
For example, for severe blockage of channels providing warmth and assisting diges
and collaterals with symptoms of cold limbs, tion is adopted. For a weak constitution
localized purplish-blue discoloration and complicated with stagnation of Cold, the
numbness and pain in the lower back, hips method of providing warmth and tonifi-
and feet, add Medulla Tetrapanacis and cation is adopted.
Piperis Longi all contain volatile oils and The main ingredient of Regulating the
hizoma
their effects will be reduced if they are Middle Pill is Rhizoma Zingiberis, which is
Herba
decocted at high temperatures or for a long combined with Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma
bae to
time. Atractylodis Macrocephalae and treated
se Cold
Radix Glycyrrhizae. This formula warms
ntative
and invigorates Spleen Yang and dries
rtening
D. COMPARISON OF COMMON Dampness, which makes it effective in
FORMULAE FOR WARMING THE warming the Spleen and stopping diarrhoea.
INTERIOR (TABLE 30.1) It is indicated for deficiency of the Middle
Burner with stagnation of Cold marked by
1. - LiZhong Wan
abdominal pain, diarrhoea and poor
FOR Regulating the Middle Pill
appetite.
- WuZhu Yu Tang
The main ingredient of Evodia Decoction is
Evodia Decoction
Fructus Evodiae, which is combined with
are all - Xiao Jian Zhong Tang
Radix Ginseng, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae and
ely hot Minor Strengthening the Middle
a large dose of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens.
nr and Decoction
This formula disperses Cold, warms the
y also
All three of these formulae consist of herbs Stomach and conducts Rebellious Qi
Fluids,
that warm the Interior and tonify Qi. They downward to stop vomiting. It is indicated
ae may
warm the Middle Burner, eliminate Cold, for deficiency of the Middle Burner with
nosis is
tonify Qi and invigorate the Spleen and are stagnation of Cold marked by vomiting,
thus indicated for deficiency of the Middle epigastric pain, acid regurgitation and an
Burner with stagnation of Cold. Symptoms empty uncomfortable sensation in the
face in include abdominal pain, cold limbs, poor stomach. It is also used to treat Jue Yin
varmth appetite, gustatory impairment, absence of headache, retching and spitting of saliva,
d. For thirst, a pale tongue with white coating and and for Shao Yin syndrome with vomiting,
ter, the a deep and slow pulse. diarrhoea and cold limbs.
i and
tention Table 30.1 Comparison of formulae for warming the interior
>viding
Formula Actions Indications
;m is
;n and Regulating the Middle Pill Warms and invigorates Spleen Yang Deficiency of Middle Burner with
hod of Dries Damp Stagnation of Cold (abdominal
diges- pain and diarrhoea)
rata is
Prepared Aconite Decoction Strongly warms and tonifies to Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
wit. To with retention of Cold Damp
eliminate Cold Damp
d for a
bs are Four-Rebellious Decoction Restores Devastated Yang Yang Deficiency (cold limbs)
a ration
Angelica Four-Rebellious Warms the channels Blood Deficiency and stagnation of
Decoction Disperses Cold Cold in channels and collaterals
li, Flos Nourishes and invigorates Blood (cold extremities)
;ructus
134 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
The main ingredient of Minor in which the four limbs are not warmed and
Strenglhening the Middle Decoction is nourished due to the decline of Yang Qi. It
Saccharum, which is combined with uses powerful pungent and hot herbs to
Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba restore Collapsed Yang. It is indicated for
and treated Radix Glycyrrhizae. The combi coldness of the entire limb accompanied by
nation of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix systemic signs of deficiency and Cold.
Paeoniae treats disharmony of Yin and Yang Angelica Four-Rebellious Decoction treats
while the combination of Radix Paeoniae a pattern in which the limbs are not warmed
and Radix Glycyrrhizae relieves abdominal and nourished due to a deficiency of Yang Qi
pain- This formula is thus indicated for and deficiency and stagnation of Blood. It
deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna uses the method of warming the channels,
tion of Cold marked by intermittent abdom dispersing Cold, nourishing Blood and
inal pain. It is also used to treat palpitations removing obstruction from the vessels. This
and restlessness due to deficiency of both Qi formula is indicated for patterns of Blood
and Blood and for fever due to disharmony Deficiency and stagnation of Cold in the
of Yin and Yang. channels and collaterals; the coldness of the
limbs is relatively mild and is limited to the
2. - Zhen Wu Tang
areas below the knees and elbows, with
True Warrior Decoction
possible localized purplish-blue discol
- Fu Zi Tang
oration and a deep thready pulse.
Prepared Aconite Decoction
3. - Si Ni Tang
Four-Rebellious decoction
- Dang Gui Si Ni Tang
Angelica Four-Rebellious Decoction
ned and
ig Qi. It
lerbs to
ited for
Formulae that tonify 31
nied by
i.
n treats
warmed
YangQi
ilood. It
nannels,
?d and
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Panax-Poria-Atrac-
2ls. This A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
tylodis Powder).
f Blood FORMULATING TONIC
For Damp-Phlegm, add herbs that dry
in the PRESCRIPTIONS
Dampness and resolve Phlegm, such as
is of the
1. Tonic formulae are used for Deficiency Rhizoma Pinelliae in Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
d to the
patterns with symptoms of lassitude, palpi Gentlemen Decoction). For Sinking of
'S, with
tations, shortness of breath, dizziness, Central Qi, add herbs that lift the Qi such
discol-
blurred vision, a sallow or pale complexion, as Rhizoma Cimicifugae and Radix Bupleuri
malar flush, deficiency-type obesity or in Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonifying the
emaciation, cold limbs, five-palm heat, Middle and Benefiting Qi Decoction).
spontaneous sweating, night sweats, a Because Spleen Deficiency includes a
swollen and delicate or pale tongue and a weakness of transportation and transforma
thready and weak pulse. tion, herbs that regulate Qi are added to
Middle 2. The treatment method is tonification. counter the tendency of tonic herbs to
tain Qi 3. These formulae consist primarily of herbs produce stagnation. Examples include
treated that are sweet and warm, neutral or cold in Fructus Amomi in Panax-Poria-Atrac-
rbs that nature. tylodis Powder and Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae in Tonifying the Middle and
lulating Benefiting Qi Decoction.
B. FORMULATING TONIC Herbs that regulate Qi are also added where
PRESCRIPTIONS Qi Stagnation is already evident. An
example is the use of Radix Aucklandiae,
1. Formulating prescriptions to tonify Qi
Fructus Amomi and Pericarpium Citri
Formulae to tonify Qi consist mainly of Reticulatae in Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
sweet and warm herbs which tonify Qi and Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia
strengthen resistance to disease. They are and Amomum).
indicated for Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency. If Lung Deficiency is complicated with Yin
Qi Deficiency usually refers to Spleen and Deficiency, herbs that nourish Yin and
Lung Qi Deficiency. astringe the Lungs are added, such as Radix
Spleen Qi Deficiency refers to a dysfunction Ginseng combined with Radix
of transportation and transformation which Ophiopogonis and Fructus Schisandrae in
exhausts the source of Qi and Blood, Sheng Mai San (Generating the Pulse
produces Internal Dampness and causes a Powder), which clears and astringes while
sinking of Central Qi. tonifying.
The Lungs dominate Qi. Lung Qi Deficiency For cough or dyspnoea, or in cases of dishar
refers to a dysfunction of dispersing and mony between the Lungs and Kidneys, it is
descending and a weak resistance to external necessary to add herbs that tonify the
pathogenic factors. Kidneys, stimulate the reception of Qi and
In treating Dampness due to Spleen stop cough and wheeze. Examples are
Deficiency, herbs that resolve or drain Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Gecko, Bulbus
Dampness are included in the formula. Fritillariae and Cortex Mori Radicis in Ren
Examples are Poria in Si ]un Zi Tang (Four Shen Ge ]ie San (Ginseng and Gecko
Gentlemen Decoction) and Semen Coicis in Powder).
136 Part 4: C oinhiiintioiis and companions of commonly used formulae
2. Formulating prescripfions to tonify Blood used in large doses, as in Dang Gui Bu Xue
Tang (Angelica Decoction to Tonify the
Blood tonic formulae consist primarily of Blood), which contains five times as much
herbs that tonify and nourish Blood but Radix Astragali seu Hedysari as Radix
musi be adapted according to the actual Angelicae Sinensis. When Qi flourishes, it
condition of the patient. produces sufficient Blood.
When there is a deficiency of Heart Blood,
the Heart and Mind are deprived of
nourishment, producing symptoms of palpi
3. Formulating prescriptions to tonify Yin
tations, insomnia, poor memory and a Yin Deficiency can refer either to deficiency
thready and weak pulse. Herbs that nourish of Liver and Kidney Yin or deficiency of
the Heart and calm the Mind must be Lung and Stomach Yin.
included in the formula. An example is Gui Deficiency of Lung and Stomach Yin implies
Pi Tang (Tonifying the Spleen Decoction), a deficiency of Body Fluids, manifesting as
which contains Radix Angelicae Sinensis thirst and shortness of breath. Deficiency of
and Arillus Longan to tonify Blood and Liver and Kidney Yin implies a deficiency of
nourish the Heart and Semen Ziziphi Blood, manifesting as dizziness, blurred
Spinosae, Poria cum Ligno Hospite and vision and tinnitus.
Radix Polygalae to soothe the Heart and Lung Yin Deficiency can also produce dry
calm the Mind. cough and a dry sore throat. Stomach Yin
For deficiency of Heart Qi with symptoms of Deficiency can manifest as spitting of white
an intermittent pulse and palpitations, the sticky foam. Liver Yin Deficiency often
method of treatment is primarily to tonify produces hypochondriac discomfort,
Blood and nourish the Heart and secon restlessness and irritability. Kidney Yin
darily to tonify Qi and restore the pulse. The Deficiency often results in sore and weak
representative formula is Zhi Gan Cao Tang lower back and knees, nocturnal emissions
(Glycyrrhiza Decoction), which combines and cloudy urine.
Radix Rehmanniae, Colla Corii Asini, Radix All Yin tonics tonify Yin, but some are more
Ophiopogonis, treated Radix Glycyrrhizae, effective in tonifying the Yin of the Lung and
Radix Ginseng and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Stomach while others are more effective in
to tonify both Qi and Blood. tonifying the Yin of the Liver and Kidneys.
When there is a deficiency of Liver Blood, Herbs that are more effective in tonifying
the Liver's function of promoting the free Lung and Stomach Yin include Radix
flow of Qi and Blood is impaired and the Adenophorae, Radix Glehniae, Radix
eyes are deprived of nourishment. This Ophiopogonis, Bulbus Lilii, Herba
produces symptoms of hypochondriac pain, Dendrobii and Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati.
blurred vision, dry eyes and a scanty and These are combined with other herbs
pale menstrual flow. Because the circulation according to the actual condition of the
of Blood is impaired, formulae to tonify patient.
Blood often include herbs that regulate For example, deficiency of Lung Yin may
Blood. The representative formula is Si Wit produce Empty Heat, which damages blood
Tang (Four-Substance Decoction), which vessels and gives rise to cough, wheeze,
contains Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix blood-tinged sputum, a thready and rapid
Rehmanniae Praeparata and Radix Paeoniae pulse and a red tongue with scanty coating.
Alba to tonify Blood and nourish the Liver, In this case, herbs that clear Lung Heat, stop
and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong to bleeding, resolve Phlegm and stop cough are
activate the Blood and resolve stagnation. added to the formula, such as Colla Corii
Because this formula tonifies without Asini combined with Fructus Aristolochiae,
causing stagnation, it is much used for Fructus Arctii and Semen Armeniacae
tonifying Blood and regulating menstrua Amarum in Bit Fei F. jiao Tang (Tonifying the
tion. Lung Decoction with Ass-Hide Gelatin).
If the Spleen is deficient, the source of Qi and In treating Kidney Yin Deficiency with
Blood will be exhausted. Formulae for symptoms of dry sore throat and tidal fever,
tonifying Blood therefore often include it is necessary to tonify the Yin of both the
herbs thai (onify Qi and these are ?omi>times Lungs and Kidneys. An example is Bai He
Formulae thai tonifu 137
iu Xue Gu }in Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction to Rising, with symptoms of pain in the chest,
fy the Preserve the Metal), which contains: epigastrium and hypochondrium, acid
much regurgitation, a bitter taste in the mouth and
Radix - Bulbus Lilii, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix
a deficient wiry pulse, herbs that harmonize
Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Prae-
hes, it the Liver and regulate Qi should be added.
parata and Radix Scrophulariae to tonify
An example is Yi Guan Yin (Linking
Lung and Kidney Yin
Decoction), in which a large dose of Radix
- Radix Angelicae and Radix Paeoniae
Rehmanniae is combined with Radix
in Alba to nourish Blood
Glehniae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix
and
ciency Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Lycii and
ncy of - Radix Platycodi and Bulbus Fritillariae
Fructus Meliae Toosendan.
Thunbergii to clear Lung Heat, resolve
- For Yin Deficiency with hyperactive Yang,
mplies Phlegm and stop cough.
producing symptoms of dizziness and
:ing as - If Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency is blurred vision, the method of nourishing Yin
ncy of complicated with Fire Poison, giving is combined with the method of suppressing
ncy of symptoms of a red, swollen sore throat or a Yang. An example is Zhen Can Xi Feng Tang
-lurred white coating on the throat, herbs that clear (Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind
Heat and Fire Poison are added. An example Decoction), which employs Plastrum
ce dry is Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang (Nourish the Yin Testudinis, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix
:h Yin and Clear the Lungs Decoction), which Asparagi and Radix Paeoniae Alba to
white combines Radix Rehmanniae, Radix nourish Yin and clear Heat, and Radix
often Scrophulariae and Radix Ophiopogonis with Achyranthis Bidentatae, Haematitum, Os
mfort, Herba Menthae, Cortex Moutan Radicis and Draconis and Concha Ostreae to conduct
y Yin Radix Glycyrrhizae. In severe cases, Radix Blood downward, suppress Yang and calm
weak Scutellariae and Fructus Forsythiae may be Liver Wind.
issions added. Kidney Yin Deficiency is often complicated
Simple deficiency of Stomach Yin may be with Empty Fire, and herbs that tonify Yin
treated either with Yi Wei Tang (Benefiting are therefore often combined with herbs that
igand the Stomach Decoction), which consists of clear Heat and Fire. For simple deficiency of
tive in Radix Adenophorae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Kidney Yin with symptoms of dizziness and
leys, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, Radix blurred vision, sore and weak lumbar region
lifying Rehmanniae and crystalized brown sugar and knees, nocturnal emissions, night
Radix (Bing Tang), or with Wu Zhi Yin (Five-juice sweats, a red tongue with scanty coating and
Radix Decoction), which consists of pear juice, a thready pulse, sweet herbs that nourish
Herba lotus root, Radix Ophiopogonis, water- Yin are used to embrace the Yang, as in Zuo
dorati. chestnut and Rhizoma Phragmitis. Gui Yin (Restoring the Left Decoction) and
herbs If deficiency of Stomach Yin is complicated Zuo Gui Wan (Restoring the Left Pill).
3f the with Qi Deficiency and Heat, herbs that If Yin Deficiency is complicated with Raring
tonify Qi and clear Heat are added. An of Empty Fire with symptoms of five-palm
i may example is the combination of Herba heat, loose teeth, sore throat, a dry red
blood Dendrobii and Radix Ophiopogonis with tongue with scanty coating and a thready
heeze, Radix Panacis Qinquefolii, Rhizoma rapid pulse, herbs that clear Heat and Fire
rapid Coptidis, Herba Lophatheri, Rhizoma should be added. An example is Liu Wei Di
>ating. Anemarrhenae and watermelon peel in Qing Huang Wan (Six-Fiavour Rehmannia Pill),
t, stop Slut Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summer Heat and in which Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,
gh are Augment the Qi Decoction). Rhizoma Discoreae and Fructus Corni are
Corii Herbs that are more effective in tonifying combined with Cortex Moutan Radicis,
ichiae, Liver and Kidney Yin include Radix Rhizoma Alismatis and Poria.
niacac Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, If Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency is
ng the Plastrum Testudinis, Carapax Tnonycis, complicated with more severe signs of Fire
in). Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Fructus Corni. such as tidal fever, haemoptysis, irritability,
with These are combined with other herbs restlessness and burning pain in the feet and
fever, according to the condition of the patient. knees, the dosage of herbs that clear Heat
th the For Liver or Kidney Yin Deficiency compli and Fire should be increased, as in Da Bit Yin
Sai He cated with Liver Qi Stagnation or Liver Yang Wan (Great Tonify the Yin Pill), in which
138 Part 4: Cowhtniiticns and comparisons of commonly used formulae
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Plastrum is accomplished primarily via the Heart and
Testudinis are combined with Rhizoma Liver and secondarily via the Spleen and
Anemarrhenaeand Cortex Phellodendri. Stomach. The Spleen and Kidneys are
involved in Yang Deficiency, which is treated
4. Formulating prescriptions to tonify Yang by warming and tonifying these organs to
benefit the source of Fire. The Liver,
Deficiency of Kidney Yang implies a lack of
Kidneys, Lungs and Stomach are all
warmth. Symptoms may include soreness of
the lumbar region and knees, aversion to
involved in Yin Deficiency, which is treated
with sweet and cold Yin tonics to benefit the
cold, impotence, premature senility and
Stomach, moisten the Lung, nourish the
copious clear urine. If the 'holding in'
Kidneys and strengthen the Liver.
function of the Kidneys is impaired, there
For conditions of extreme deficiency,
may be nocturnal emissions and enuresis; if
powerful tonics should be used in large
the transformational function of the Kidneys
doses and first aid should be administered
is impaired, there may be dysuria and
for Collapse.
oedema.
For chronic conditions of deficiency, tonifica-
Yin and Yang share a common root and Yin
tion should be achieved gradually, using
tonics are often added to Yang tonic
mild herbs.
formulae both to support the Yang and to
For Yang Deficiency with Internal Cold,
counter the warmth and dryness of Yang
sweet and warm tonic herbs are used and
tonic herbs. Examples include Shen Qi Wan
herbs that clear Heat or moisten are
(Kidney Qi Pill) and You Gui Wan
contraindicated.
(Restoring the Right Pill), in which a large
For Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat, sweet
dose of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata is
and cool tonic herbs are used and pungent
combined with Rhizoma Dioscoreae and
and dry herbs are contraindicated.
Fructus Corni.
If Kidney Yang Deficiency leads to oedema,
2. Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang are the four essen
herbs that drain Dampness and open the
tial factors sustaining the vital activities of
Waterways are added, such as Poria and
the human body.
Rhizoma Alismatisis in Kidney Qi Pill and
Semen Plantaginis in // Sheng Shen Qi Wan
These factors are interrelated. For example,
(Invigorate the Kidney Qi Pill).
Qi and Blood share a common origin; Yin
and Yang share a common root. Vigorous Qi
For nocturnal or spontaneous emissions due
produces Blood and abundant Yang
to Kidney Deficiency and weakness of the
produces Yin.
seminal gate, astringent herbs that consoli
When one of these factors is diseased, the
date the Essence should be added, such as
others are affected. This produces compli
Semen Astragali Complanati, Semen
cated conditions, such as Qi Deficiency
Euryales, calcined Os Draconis and calcined
Concha Ostreae in Jin Suo Gu ]ing Wan
leading to Blood Deficiency, loss of Blood
leading to Qi Deficiency, Yin Deficiency
(Metal Lock Pill to Stabilize the Essence).
leading to hyperactivity of Yang and Yang
Deficiency leading to weakness of Qi.
Spleen Deficiency affects the Lungs, as Earth
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
fails to produce Metal. Kidney Yang
FORMULATING TONIC
Deficiency causes Spleen Qi Deficiency, as
PRESCRIPTIONS
Fire fails to warm Earth. Kidney Yin
1. Patterns of deficiency involve Qi, Blood, Yin Deficiency produces Liver Fire, as Water
or Yang and their related Zang Fu. For fails to nourish Wood.
example, the Spleen and Lungs arc involved These relationships are significant in the for
in Qi Deficiency and it is treated with sweet mulation of tonic prescriptions. For example,
and warm Qi tonic herbs which tonilv the Yin tonics are added to Yang tonic formulae
Spleen and Lungs. to support transformation; herbs that clear
The Heart and Liver are involved in Blood Heat are added to Yin tonic formulae to
Deficiency, which is treated either bv strengthen the Root and clear Empty Heat;
tonifving Blood directly or, indirectly, by Qi tonics are added to Blood tonic formulae
tonifving Qi in order (d produce Blood. This to stimulate Qi to produce Blood.
Formulae that tonify 139
art and For Lung Deficiency with Spleen weakness, pathogenic factors and both conditions
en and Earth should be strengthened to produce should be treated at the same time.
ys are Metal. For Yang Deficiency with stagnation
treated of Cold in the Spleen, Fire should be tonified 4. The Spleen and Kidneys play an important
gans to to warm Earth. For Deficiency of Waier with role in the treatment of deficiency patterns,
Liver, hyperactivity of Fire, Water should be but medical scholars of all ages have held
ire all nourished to produce Wood. different views as to which should be
treated tonified.
lefit the 3. The Spleen and Stomach are the source of Qi Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty held, 'It is
ish the and Blood. Tonic herbs tend to cause stagna less effective to tonify the Kidneys than to
tion of Spleen and Stomach Qi, thus tonify the Spleen', because the Spleen is the
idency, impairing the functions of transportation source of Qi and Blood and sufficient Spleen
n large and transformation. Qi makes it possible to transmit Essence to
listered If the Spleen and Stomach are weak, they the various parts of the body.
cannot easily digest tonic herbs, and atten Xu Shuwei of the Song Dynasty held, 'It is
onifica- tion should therefore be given to invigora- less effective to tonify the Spleen than to
, using tion of the Spleen in tonic formulae, using tonify the Kidneys', because the Kidneys are
herbs that regulate Qi. the origin of the congenital constitution, the
1 Cold, It is also necessary to determine whether Yin and Yang of the Zang Fu all rely on the
ed and residual pathogens are present. When a Kidneys and sufficiency of Kidney Qi
en are weakness of Upright Qi is complicated with ensures normal functioning of all the other
residual pathogens, tonification should be organs.
'ities of
Four Gentlemen Decoction Tonifies Qi Spleen Qi Deficiency
Invigorates the Spleen
cample,
Regulating the Middle Pill Tonifies Qi Deficiency of the Middle Burner
;in; Yin
Invigorates the Spleen with Stagnation of Cold
rous Qi
Warms the Middle Burner and
Yang eliminates Cold
;ed, the Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder Tonifies Spleen and Lung Qi Spleen Deficiency complicated with
Eliminates Damp Damp
compli-
Harmonizes the Stomach
ficiency
f Blood Generating the Pulse Powder Benefits Qi Prostration due to Qi and Yin
ficiency Promotes Body Fluids Deficiency (Yin Collapse)
d Yang
Frigid Extremities Powder Rescues Devastated Yang Prostration due to Yang Deficiency
(Yang Collapse)
is Earth
Yang Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Tonifies Qi Spleen Deficiency
ncy, as
Qi Decoction Raises sinking Qi Fever due to Deficiency
Restores function of conducting Sinking of Central Qi
ey Yin
the clear up and the turbid
Water down
Tonifying the Tonifies the Heart and Spleen Heart and Spleen Qi Deficiency
the for- Spleen Decoction Restores the function of Weakness of Spleen function of
producing and controlling controlling Blood
<ample,
Blood
irmulae
at clear Six-Flavour Tonifies Kidney, Spleen and Kidney Yin Deficiency
ulae to Rehmannia Pill Liver Yin
y Heat;
Kidney Qi Pill Tonifies Kidney Yin and Yang, Kidney Yang Deficiency
rmulae
but mainly Yang
140 Part 4: Lombinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
the importance of any one organ, insight into sallow complexion, lassitude, weak voice,
Medicine says, 'It must be understood that if poor digestion, loose stools, a pale tongue
the Spleen is weak but the Kidneys are not and a deficient pulse.
deficient, the Spleen should be tonified; if Four Gentlemen Decoction is a basic
the Kidneys arc weak but the Spleen is not formula for Spleen and Stomach Qi
deficient, the Kidneys should be tonified; Deficiency with impairment of the functions
and if both the Spleen and Kidneys are of transportation and transformation.
deficient, thev should both be tonified.' Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder has a
stronger and more comprehensive action. It
tonifies not only Spleen Qi but also Lung Qi;
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMON TONIC it also eliminates Dampness and harmonizes
FORMULAE <TABLE 31.]) the Stomach. It is thus indicated for Spleen
1. ~ Si jun Zi Tang and Stomach Qi Deficiency complicated
with Dampness.
Four Gentlemen Decoction
- Li Zhang Wan 3. - Shcng Mai San
Regulating the Middle Pill Generating the Pulse Powder
- 5/ Ni Tang
Four Gentlemen Decoction is a basic Qi
Frigid Extremities Decoction
tonic formula and only one ingredient differ
entiates it from Regulating the Middle Pill. Both formulae are often used as first aid for
Both formulae tonjfy Qi and invigorate the prostration but from different causes.
Spleen with Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Generating the Pulse Powder is indicated
Atractylodis Macroeephalae and treated for Yin Collapse, with symptoms of a hot
Radix Glycyrrhizae. sensation and profuse oily perspiration
Because Four Gentlemen Decoction uses which is salty and sticky. The body and
Radix Ginseng as its Emperor (Jim) herb and limbs are warm, or the body is warm but the
combines it with Poria, it is more effective in limbs cold; the face is flushed and the tongue
tonifying Qi and invigorating the Spleen. It red and dry.
is thus indicated for Spleen and Stomach Qi Frigid Extremities Decoction is indicated
Deficiency with impairment of transporta for Yang Collapse, with symptoms of a cold
tion and transformation, manifesting as sensation and profuse watery perspiration
sallow complexion, reduced appetite, a pale which is not salty or sticky. The body and
tongue with white coating and a weak pulse. limbs are cold, the complexion pale and the
Regulating the Middle Pifl uses Rhizoma tongue pale and moist.
Zingiberis as its Emperor herb. It is thus Generating the Pulse Powder benefits Qi
more effective in warming the Middle and promotes Body Fluids and is thus also
Burner and eliminating Cold and is indicated for deticiency of both Qi and Yin
indicated for deficiency of the Middle with symptoms of lassitude, shortness of
Burner with stagnation of Cold marked by breath, thirst, profuse sweating, dry mouth
aversion to cold, cold limbs, abdominal pain, and throat and a rapid deficient pulse.
loose stools, a pale tongue with white Frigid Extremities Decoction rescues
coating and a deep thready pulse. Devastated Yang and is thus indicated for
2. - Shot Ling Bai Zhu San extreme Yang Deficiency with cold limbs,
abdominal pain, lassitude, somnolence,
Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder
aversion to cold, lying with the body curled
- Si inn Zi Tang
Four Gentlemen Decoction up, absence of thirst and a deep, thready and
feeble pulse.
Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder is made
4. - Bu yiiougYi Q.ltino
up o) Four Gentlemen Decoction plus
Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Semen Doltchnris
Decoction
Album, Semen Nelumbinis, Semen Coieis,
- Ctii Pi Tew;:
Fructus Amomi and Radix Platycodi.
Both formulae tonify Qi and invigorate the Tonifying the Spleen Decoction
Spleen and are indicated for Spleen and Both formulae km: Radix Ginseng, Radix
Stomach Qi Deficiency with symptoms ot Astragali sen I ledvsari, Rhizoma
Formulae thai touify 141
of equal doses of Fructus Meliae Toosendan dry in nature and use of these herbs over a
and Rhizoma Corydalis. Fructus Meliae long time or in large doses will also damage
Toosendan is the Emperor herb, acting to Yin and Blood. Herbs that nourish Yin and
harmonize the Liver, clear Heat, activate Qi Blood should therefore be added to formulae
and relieve pain. Rhizoma Corydalis for harmonizing the Liver and regulating Qi.
activates Blood circulation and promotes Examples include the use of Radix Angelicae
smooth circulation of Qi to reinforce the Sinensis and Radix Paeoniae Alba in Xiao
analgesic effect of the formula, which Yao San (Free and Relaxed Powder) and
promotes the smooth circulation of both Qi Radix Rehmanniae or Radix Rehmanniae
and Blood. Praeparata in Hei Xiao Yao San (Black Free
When Qi circulates smoothly, Dampness is and Relaxed Powder).
resolved. Retardation of Qi circulation Both Liver Qi Stagnation and stagnation of
Qi is Spleen and Stomach Qi may impair the
produces Dampness, which accumulates to
di the functions of transportation and transforma
form Phlegm. For patterns of Qi Stagnation
, acid tion, producing a deficiency of Spleen Qi. In
complicated with Dampness and Phlegm,
duced this case, herbs that tonify Qi and invigorate
herbs that resolve Dampness and Phlegm
attern the Spleen should be added to the formula.
should be added. An example is Ban Xia Hou
Radix Examples include the use of Rhizoma
Po Tang (Pinellia and Magnolia Bark
Cortex Atractylodis Macrocephalae and treated
Decoction), which is the main formula for
ti and Radix Glycyrrhizae in Free and Relaxed
treating Plum-stone Qi. This formula utilizes
the combinations of Cortex Magnoliae Powder and the use of Radix Ginseng,
lation Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and
Officinalis and Folium Perillae to activate Qi
1 and treated Radix Glycyrrhizae in Six
and relieve stagnation, and Rhizoma
on of Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia
Pinelliae, Poria and Rhizoma Zingiberis
i thus and Amomum.
Recens to resolve Phlegm and disperse
n of
masses. The entire formula relieves Plum-
^orate
stone Qi by regulating Qi, relieving stagna 2. Formulating prescriptions to conduct
[Id be
tion and resolving Phlegm. Rebellious Qi downward
rcula- Another example is Gardenia-Ligusticum
u Gan Formulae that conduct Rebellious Qi
Pill, which uses Rhizoma Cyperi to activate
Liver downward consist primarily of herbs that
Qi and relieve stagnation and Rhizoma
jleuri, conduct Qi downward and either soothe
Atractylodis (which is bitter and warm in
izoma asthma or stop vomiting. Such formulae
nature) to resolve Dampness.
ionize stop cough and wheeze, harmonize the
Cold is characterized by contraction. When
ite Qi Stomach and stop vomiting in patterns of
stagnation of Qi is complicated with Cold, it
justici Rebellious Qi of the Lung or Stomach, either
produces disorders such as hernia and cold
ivigo- of which may involve underlying Cold or
epigastric pain. For this pattern, herbs that
, This Heat, Deficiency or Excess.
disperse Cold and warm the Interior should
tment
be added. An example is Liang Gu Wan
with (Galangal and Cyperus Pill), which treats a. Formulae that conduct Rebellious Qi downward
?r and epigastric pain, using one ingredient to and soothe asthma
idriac Formulae that conduct Rebellious Qi
activate Qi and the other to disperse Cold.
Another example is Nuan Gan jian (Warm downward and soothe asthma treat
1) is a Rebellious Lung Qi. The Lungs' function of
the Liver Decoction), which treats hernia
'g Qi presenting as a cold sensation and pain in dispersing can be impaired either by
treats invasion of the Lung by external pathogenic
the lower abdomen. This formula combines
with factors or by dysfunction of the Kidneys'
Radix Linderae and Lignum Aquilariae
ntion reception of Qi, giving rise to symptoms of
Resinatum with Cortex Cinnamomi and
uses
Fructus Foeniculi. cough, dyspnoea, stuffiness of the chest and
b and coarse breathing.
- The Liver is a Yin organ and stores a Yin
justici These formulae often consist of herbs such
substance (Blood), but Liver Yang tends to
lation as Fructus Perillae, Semen Armeniacae
rise. Severe stagnation of Liver Qi or trans
Qi. Amarum, Radix Asteris, Flos Farfarae,
formation of stagnant Qi into Fire may
i San Cortex Mori Radicis and Lignum Aquilariae
damage Blood. In addition, herbs that
nsists Resinatum, with the addition of other herbs
activate Qi circulation are often aromatic and
144 Part 4: Cc ns mid comparisons of commonly used formulae
Qi are indicated for Qi disorders of the resolves Dampness and assists digestion as
g treat
excess type. If tonification is used to treat Qi secondary actions. It is thus indicated for Six
Stomach
Stagnation of the excess type, the condition Stagnations (i.e. stagnation of Qi, Blood,
lescends.
will be aggravated. On the other hand, if Phlegm, Fire, Dampness and Food), with
thogenic JO |
distension and fullness due to deficiency are symptoms of distress and stuffiness in the
on of the
treated by invigorating the circulation of Qi chest and diaphragm, epigastric and abdom
>toms of
rather than tonifying, Qi will be further inal pain, acid regurgitation, vomiting and
ling,
damaged and deficiency will be aggravated. poor digestion. It is necessary to determine
of herbs
In the treatment of patterns of combined which of the six stagnations is the most
Rhizoma
excess and deficiency, a small dose of Qi pronounced before additional ingredients of
is, Caulis
tonic herbs is added to formulae that the formula can be selected.
'x Kaki.
activate the circulation of Qi in order to treat Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
imach Qi
both Ben and Biao. consists of Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Cyperi,
ng to the
2. Formulae to regulate Qi consist primarily of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus
herbs that are pungent, warm, aromatic and Aurantii, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong,
ect treat-
dry in nature. These herbs tend to consume Radix Paeoniae and treated Radix
e Burner
Qi and Yin and must be prescribed in the Glycyrrhizae. It is indicated for Liver Qi
rard. An
correct dosage.
Stagnation and stagnation of Blood with
? (Clove
Such herbs are contraindicated in cases of Qi symptoms of alternating chills and fever,
), which
Deficiency and Empty Fire due to Yin hypochondriac pain, a pale purplish tongue
itomach,
Deficiency. They should be used with with white coating and a wiry pulse.
lious Qi
conduct caution in the treatment of Qi Stagnation
2. - Tian Tai Wu Yao San
iccup. complicated with Yin Deficiency, and in Top-Quality Lindera Powder
>f Empty
pregnant women, and should be balanced
- Nuan Gan }ian
;ar Heat by herbs that are sweet and cold in nature Warm the Liver Decoction
urn Citri and promote Body Fluids or nourish Blood.
3. Because most herbs that regulate Qi are Both formulae contain Radix Linderae and
:ens and
aromatic and pungent in nature, their active Fructus Foeniculi, and both formulae
: Zhu Ru
ingredients will evaporate and be lost if they activate Qi circulation and disperse Cold.
Shaving
are decocted for a long time or if the lid of They are otherwise quite different.
the cooking pot is removed from time to In Top-Quality Lindera Powder, Radix
tach Qi
time during cooking. Aromatic herbs such as Linderae is combined with herbs that
etention
Radix Aucklandiae and Lignum Aquilariae strongly relieve Qi Stagnation, such as Radix
Phlegm
Resinatum should be added in the last 4 or 5 Aucklandiae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
iuan Fu
minutes of cooking. Viride and Semen Arecae, and the action of
tematite
invigorating Qi circulation is therefore more
ae and
pronounced. Fructus Meliae Toosendan,
ihizoma
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED though bitter and cold in nature, is prepared
conduct
FORMULAE TO REGULATE QI with Fructus Crotonis (which is removed
Phlegm
(TABLE 32.1)
from the formula after preparation), thus
intensifying its action of warming and
; closely 1. - Yue }u Wan dispersing; Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis
Qi. The Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill and Fructus Foenicuii combine to treat long
include - ChaiHu Shu Gan San standing accumulated Cold.
Spleen, Bupleurum Soothing the Liver
This formula is commonly used in the treat
:e Body Decoction ment of Cold-type hernia with symptoms of
d Radix
Both formulae activate Qi circulation, relieve hardness and swelling of the scrotum and
stagnation and stop pain. violent pain radiating to the lower abdomen.
Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill consists of Because all the ingredients of this formula
Rhizoma Cyperi, Rhizoma Ligustici eliminate pathogenic factors, this formula
Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Fructus treats excess-type patterns only.
iTO Gardeniae and Massa Fermentata In addition to Radix Linderae and Fructus
Warm the Liver Decoction Activates Qi circulation Liver and Kidney Deficiency
Disperses Cold complicated with invasion of Cold
Tonifies Liver and Kidneys
Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Conducts Rebellious Qi downward 'Excess above and Deficiency below',
Decoction Warms and resolves Cold Phlegm i.e. cough and wheeze due to
Assists Kidney reception of Qi Kidney Deficiency and Phlegm
Arrest Wheezing Decoction Stimulates Lung functions of Recurrent asthma, due to Wind-Cold
descending and dispersing with underlying Internal Phlegm-
Resolves Phlegm Heat
Inula and Haematite Decoction Conducts Stomach Qi downward Rebellious Stomach Qi due to Stomach
Tonifies Qi Qi Deficiency and retention of
Resolves Phlegm Turbid Phlegm
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Clears Heat Rebellious Stomach Qi due to Empty
Shaving Decoction Conducts Stomach Qi downward Stomach Heat
Tonifies Qi
Nourishes the Stomach
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Warms the Stomach Hiccup or vomiting due to Stomach
Decoction Conducts Stomach Qi downward Deficiency with Stagnation of Cold
Activates Qi circulation
Sinensis, Fructus Lycii, Poria and Rhizoma Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Decoction
Zingiberis Recens. This formula is indicated consists of Fructus Perillae, Rhizoma
for Liver and Kidney Deficiency and BJood Pinelliae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis,
Deficiency complicated with invasion of Radix Peucedani, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix
Cold, as seen in Cold-type hernia marked by Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
deficiency complicated with excess. It conducts Rebellious Qi downward,
Symptoms include a cold sensation and pain soothes wheeze and warms and resolves
in the scrotum, inability to attain an erection, Cold Phlegm as its primary actions and
pale complexion, cold feet, a white tongue warms the Kidneys to assist reception of Qi
coating and a deep pulse.
as its secondary action. It is indicated for
3. - Su Zi }ian$ Qi Tang cough and wheeze due to retention of
Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Decoction profuse Phlegm marked by excess in the
- Ding Chunn Tang upper body (i.e. the Lungs) and deficiency of
Arresl Wheezing Decoction the lower body (i.e. the Kidneys).
Arrest Wheezing Decoction consists of
Both formulae are indicated for asthma but Semen Ginkgo, Herba Ephedrae, Fructus
their use requires a differentiation of the Perillae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fios Farfarae,
underlying pattern. Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Cortex Mori
Formulae that regulate Qi 147
Radicis, Radix Scutellariae and Radix tonifies Qi and nourishes the Stomach. It is
Glycyrrhizae. This formula is a collection of indicated for Rebellious Stomach Qi due to
many different types of herbs that treat Empty Heat in the Stomach, with symptoms
wheeze, including cold herbs, warm herbs, of hiccup, vomiting, a tender red tongue and
herbs which stimulate the dispersing a rapid deficient pulse.
function of the Lungs and herbs which Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
astringe the Lungs. It stimulates the consists of Flos Caryophylli, Calyx Kaki,
functions of dispersing and descending, Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Zingiberis
soothes wheeze and resolves Phlegm and is Recens. Using Flos Caryophylli and Calyx
thus indicated for recurrent asthma due to Kaki as the Emperor herbs, this formula
exposure to external Wind-Cold with warms the Stomach and conduct Rebellious
Internal Phlegm-Heat. Symptoms include Qi downward. It is effective in warming the
profuse sticky yellow sputum, a sticky Middle Burner, activating Qi circulation and
lia)
yellow tongue coating and a rolling and stopping hiccup.
rapid pulse. There may also be fever and This formula is indicated for hiccup due to
aversion to cold. Stomach Deficiency with stagnation of Cold
Cold
and Rebellious Stomach Qi. It also treats
4. - Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
vomiting due to stagnation of Cold in the
Inula and Haematite Decoction
Stomach. In either case, symptoms include
- ]u Pi Zhu Ru Tang
hiccup, vomiting, clear and dilute sputum,
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving
epigastric distress, a pale tongue with white
Decoction
Cold
coating and a slow pulse.
- Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
:gm-
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
Deficiency and Blood Stasis, includes a large For fresh blood in the stool, the correct treat
dose of Radix Astragali sen Hedysari. ment method is to clear Heat from the
If Blood Stagnation is complicated with intestines and stop bleeding with Huai Hun
pathogenic Heat which gives rise to disor San (Sophora Japonica Flower Powder).
ders in the lower body, bitter and| cold This formula uses Flos Sophorae to clear
purgative herbs should be added, such as Damp-Heat from the intestines and stop
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas. Tao bleeding and includes Cacumen Biotae and
Ren Cheng Qi Tang (Peach Pit Decoction to charred Herba Schizonepetae to enhance its
Order the Qi), which is indicated for a haemostatic effect.
combination of Blood Stagnation and Heat - For urinary disturbance with haematuria,
in the Lower Burner, is made up of Tiao Wei the method of treatment is to cool Blood,
Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and stop bleeding, promote urination and open
. herbs Order the Qi Decoction) plus Semen the Waterways. The representative formula
rmulae Persicae and Ramulus Cinnamomi. is Xiao )i Yin Zi (Cephalanoplos Decoction),
Blood If stagnant Blood forms paipable abdominal in which Herba Cephalanoploris and Radix
Radix masses, herbs that activate the Blood gener Rehmanniae are combined with Nodus
(ue Fu ally will not be effective and substances that Nelumbinis Rhizomatis and Pollen Typhae
nating break stagnation and resolve masses will be to cool Blood, stop bleeding and resolve
mn Yin needed. Such substances include Hirudo, Blood Stasis.
Salviae Tabanus, Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga, - In Cold deficient patterns, haemorrhage is
b and Rhizoma Sparganii and Rhizoma Zedoariae. caused by Spleen deficiency with impair
mi are The representative formula is Bie jia jian Wan ment of the Spleen's function of controlling
; pain, (Turtle Shell Pill). Blood, and deficiency of the Chong and Ren
in the channels. The treatment method is to warm
ion of and tonify to stop bleeding. Huang Tu Tang
2. Formulae that stop bleeding
(Yellow Earth Decoction) is a formula
, herbs Formulae that stop bleeding treat both commonly used in the treatment of bloody
e Cold internal and external bleeding. stool, haemoptysis and epistaxis due to
m jing Haemorrhagic patterns can arise from excess deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna
tn), in or deficiency and may involve different tion of Cold. This formula contains Terra
Radix Zang Fu, and these factors will determine Flava Usta or Halloysitum Rubrum which
-huan- the selection of herbs. warm the Yang to stop bleeding, and
:o acti- The most common cause of haemorrhagic Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix
Stasis, patterns is Fire, which damages blood Aconiti Praeparata and Radix Glycyrrhizae
Cinna- vessels and causes the Blood to leave the which warm the Yang and invigorate the
1s and vessels. Symptoms include haemoptysis, Spleen to restore the Spleen's function of
licated epistaxis, haematemesis, uterine bleeding controlling Blood.
:y and and bloody stool. The treatment method is to Jiao Ai Tang (Ass-Hide Gelatin and
innels; clear Heat, cool Blood and stop bleeding. Mugwort Decoction) is indicated for uterine
lation, Shi Hui San (Ten Partially-Charred bleeding. It contains Colla Corii Asini and
infer- Substance Powder) is a commonly used Folium Artemisiae Argyi to stop bleeding
formula which cools Blood and stops and nourish Blood, and Radix Rehmanniae
ie pro- bleeding with Herba seu Radix Cirsii Praeparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix
defici- Japonici, Herba Ccphalanoploris, Folium Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Ligustici
|)i and Nelumbinis, Cacumen Biotae, Radix Rubiae, Chuanxiong to nourish Blood and regulate
ion of Rhizoma Imperatae and Cortex Trachycarpi. menstruation. It treats both the Biao and the
i with It also includes Frucfus Gardeniae, Cortex Ben of bleeding due to deficiency of the
i and Moutan Radicis and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Chong and Ren channels.
priate. to clear Heat and Fire and conduct Heat Blood coagulates on exposure to Cold;
nating downward. The haemostatic effect of the warmth causes it to circulate. Large doses of
nanni- formula is enhanced by charring the ingredi herbs that cool Blood and stop bleeding tend
ourish ents to ash. It is indicated for haemoptysis, to cause stagnation of Blood and herbs that
fy the haematemesis, bloody stool and haematuria activate the Blood and resolve Stasis should
ction), caused by reckless movement of Blood due be added to formulae that stop bleeding
to Qi to Heat. to counter this effect. An example is the
150 Part 4: Combinations ami com patron-. o< commonly used formulae
Blood Mansion Eliminating Activates Qi and Blood Stagnation of Blood in the chest
Stasis Decoclion Resolves Stasis
Revive Health by Invigorating the More strongly activates Blood and Stagnation of Blood in the
Blood Decoction resolves Stasis hypochondrium due to
traumatic injury
Eliminating Redness Decoction Clears Heart Heat Urinary disturbance due to Heart
Promotes urination Heat
Sophora Japonica Flower Decoction Cools Blood and slops bleeding Bloody stool due to Wind and
Fire Poison or Damp-Heat at the
Blood level of the Spleen and
Stomach
Yellow Earth Decoction Warm Yang Bloody stool due to Spleen Yang
Invigorates the Spleen and Deficiencv
promotes the control oi Blood
Formulae that regulate Blood 151
LY USED tive in treating stagnation of Blood in the Flava Usta, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macroce-
JLOOD chest with symptoms of chest pain, palpita phalae, Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Colla
tions, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, Corii Asini. The formula warms Yang, invig
irritability and afternoon fever; the latter is orates the Spleen and stimulates the control
more effective in treating stagnation of of Blood. It treats bloody stool due to Spleen
asis
Blood in the hypochondrium due to Yang Deficiency with an impairment of the
traumatic injury, with the symptom of intol Spleen's function of controlling the Blood;
erable hypochondriac pain. the key symptom is a dribbling discharge of
the
dark or pale blood following the stool.
2. - Xiao ]i Yin Zi
Accompanying symptoms include a sallow
Cephalanoplos Decoction
tivate the complexion, pale tongue with white coating
- Dao Chi San
ined with and a deep, thready and weak pulse.
Eliminating Redness Powder
d activate
Carthami, Both formulae clear Heat and promote
Bupleuri urination and are thus indicated for urinary
disturbances. Questions
; Stasis Cephalanoplos Decoction is made up of
1. Give examples to illustrate why herbs that
i Ligustici Eliminating Redness Powder plus Herba
activate Qi circulation are often added to
>ra, Radix Cephalanoploris, Pollen Typhae, Nodus
formulae that activate Blood and resolve
imanniae, Nelumbinis Rhizomatis and Radix
Blood Stasis.
urantii to Angelicae Sinensis to cool Blood and stop
2. What are the functions of Fructus Gardeniae
and Blood bleeding, and Fructus Gardeniae and
and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in Ten Partially-
Talcum to clear Heat and Fire and promote
charred Substance Powder?
lie Blood urination. It is thus more effective in clearing
i Manitis, Heat and cooling Blood and is indicated for
d Radix urinary disturbance with haematuria due to
lation of
Both formulae are indicated for bloody stool,
Lower
but one treats a Full Heat pattern while the
other treats a Cold deficient pattern.
to Heart The main ingredients of Sophora Japonica
Flower Powder are Flos Sophorae and
Cacumen Biotae. The formula cools Blood
i and
ieatatthe and stops bleeding; it treats bloody stool
en and resulting from an invasion of pathogenic
Wind and Fire Poison or Damp-Heat into the
Blood level of the Spleen and Stomach, with
=n Yang
the key symptom of an explosive discharge
of bright red blood before or after stools.
Yellow Earth Decoction consists of Terra
152
sticky white tongue coating, herbs that Gardeniae and Herba Artemisiae
Herba Agastachis and Fructus Amomi Defensive Qi, the correct treatment method
Cardamomi. consists of benefiting Qi and promoting
If the pathological changes are most diuresis. The representative formula is Fang
apparent in the Middle Burner, with ]i Huang Qi Tang {Stephania and Astragalus
symptoms of epigastric distress and poor Decoction), in which Radix Stephaniae
appetite, the treatment method is to resolve Tetrandrae is combined with Radix Astragali
Dampness and harmonize the Middle seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Atractylodis
Burner. An example is Three-Nut Macrocephalae and Radix Glycyrrhizae to
Decoction, which contains Fructus Amomi promote diuresis without damaging the
Cardamomi, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Upright Qi.
and Rhizoma PInelliae. When Dampness obstructs Qi, giving rise to
If the disease is located in the Upper Burner, symptoms of oedema with distension and
with symptoms of dizziness, sore throat, fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen,
fever and aversion to cold, herbs that the correct treatment method consists of
promote the Lungs' dispersing function activating Qi circulation and promoting
should be added, for example Semen diuresis. The representative formula is Wu
Armeniacae Amarum in Three-Nut Pi San (Five-Peel Powder), which combines
Decoction. Poria peel, Cortex Mori Radicis and ginger
If the Damp-Heat moves downward to the peel with Pericarpium Arecae and
Lower Burner, giving rise to symptoms of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae to activate Qi
urinary disturbance and leucorrhoea, the in order to activate fluid circulation.
treatment method is to clear Damp-Heat in When the Bladder's function of controlling
the Lower Burner. Examples include the use urine is impaired, causing retention of Water
of Talcum, Semen Plantaginis, Herba in the Lower Burner with symptoms of
Dianthi and Herba Polygoni Avicularis in Ba oedema and dysuria, the correct treatment
Zheng San (Eight-Herb Powder for method consists of strengthening Qi and
Rectification), and the use of Cortex promoting diuresis. The representative
Phellodendri and Rhizoma Atractylodis in formula is Wu Ling San (Five 'Ling'
Er Miao San (Two-Marvel Powder). Powder), which combines Rhizoma
Alismatis, Polyporus Umbellatus, Poria and
3. Diuretic formulae that drain Dampness Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae with
Ramulus Cinnamomi or Cortex Cinnamomi
Formulae that expel Dampness through the to strengthen the Bladder's function of
urine consist primarily of herbs that are controlling urine.
sweet and bland in nature. They are If Water and Dampness turn to Heat which
indicated for retention of excess Water and damages Yin, giving rise to symptoms of
Dampness with symptoms of oedema and dysuria, fever and thirst, the correct treat
retention of urine.
ment method consists of clearing Heat,
Oedema and urinary retention due to excess nourishing Yin and promoting diuresis. The
Water and Dampness are treated with the representative formula is Zhu Ling Tang
method of draining Water and Dampness (Polyporus Decoction), whichcombines
through urination. There is a saying, 'If Polyporus Umbellatus, Poria and Rhizoma
urination is not promoted in the treatment of Alismatis with Colla Corii Asini and Talcum
Damp syndromes, the method is wrong.' to drain Dampness, clear Heat and nourish
These formulae consist primarily of herbs Yin simultaneously.
such as Polyporus Umbellatus, Poria,
Rhizoma Alismatis and Semen Coicis.
Complications such as overflow of Water to 4. Formulae that warm and expel Water and
Dampness
the muscles, obstruction of Qi circulation in
the Inferior or impairment of the Bladder's Formulae that warm and expel Water and
function of controlling urine require the Dampness act to warm Yang, disperse Cold
addition of other herbs. and drain Dampness through urination.
If Water and Dampness are retained in the They are indicated for patterns of transfor
muscles due to invasion of external mation of Dampness into Cold and patterns
pathogenic Wind and deficiency of of Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency with
Formulae that expel Dampness- 155
nethod impairment of transportation and transfor remove obstruction from the collaterals.
moting mation of fluids. Symptoms include oedema, Herbs that activate Qi, eliminate Dampness
is Fang urinary disturbance and turbid urine- and relax the tendons, or tonify and astringe
ragalus Patterns of Cold Damp are characterized by the Kidneys, are therefore added to formulae
jhaniae Internal Cold, retention of Water and for these patterns. The representative
:tylodis Kidney Yang Deficiency. Pathogenic Cold - Shi Pi San (Strengthening the Spleen
cannot be eliminated without warming; Decoction), which uses Radix Auck-
izae to
ng the Water and Dampness cannot be eliminated landiae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis,
without diuresis; and Spleen and Kidney Semen Arecae and Fructus Tsaoko
; rise to Yang Deficiency cannot be rectified without - Ji Ming San (Powder to Take at Cock's
moting invigorating the Spleen and Kidneys with - Bei Xie Fen Qing Yin (Dioscorea
the methods of dispelling Cold and Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the
is Wu
mbines activating fluid circulation. Formulae Clear), which uses Fructus Alpiniae
include: Oxyphyllae and Radix Linderae.
ginger
and
- herbs that warm Yang and disperse Cold,
vate Qi such as Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix 5. Formulae that expel Wind-Damp
Aconiti Praeparata and Rhizoma
trolling Formulae that expel Wind-Damp treat Bi
Zingiberis
f Water syndromes and relieve pain. They are
- herbs that drain Dampness, such as Poly-
ams of indicated for invasion of the muscles,
porus Umbellatus, Poria and Rhizoma
jatment
channels and collaterals, tendons, bones and
Alismatis
Qi and
joints by Wind-Damp; symptoms include
- herbs that invigorate the Spleen and
mtative
aversion to cold, fever, a heavy sensation
benefit Qi, such as Radix Codonopsis
'Ling'
and pain in the head and body, lumbago,
Pilosulae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macro-
pain in the knees and numbness.
hizoma cephalae and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Disorders of Wind-Damp vary in location
ria and
le with The representative formulae include Ling and complications and the selection of herbs
lamomi Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria-Ramulus will vary accordingly.
tion of Cinnamomi- Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza If the upper body (i.e. the head, face and
Decoction) and Zhen VJu Tang (True Warrior muscles) are affected, giving rise to pain in
t which Decoction). The former is more effective in the head, shoulders and back, or if there is
warming Yang and resolving retained fluid; fever and aversion to cold, herbs such as
oms of
:t treat- it is thus indicated for retention of Phlegm Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii, Radix
and fluid with symptoms of palpitations, Ledebouriellae, Rhizoma Ligustici
; Heat,
dizziness and vertigo, cough and dyspnoea. Chuanxiong and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
sis. The
The tatter is more effective in warming the are selected.
8 Tan&
mbines Kidneys and promoting diuresis; it is thus If the lower body (i.e. the lower back, knees
hizoma indicated for oedema due to Kidney Yang and ankles) are affected, with symptoms of
Deficiency. lumbago, pain in the knees and reduced
Talcum
Retention of Cold-Damp in the Interior mobility of joints, herbs such as Radix
nourish
obstructs the circulation of Qi, giving rise to Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Stephaniae
abdominal distension. Invasion of the lower Tetrandrae and Fructus Chaenomelis are
body by Dampness affects the channels and chosen.
rand collaterals, causing the ankles to swell. Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang (Notopterygium
Urinary disturbance with turbid urine is Dispelling Dampness Decoction) is a
related to Kidney Deficiency. When there is commonly used formula for the treatment of
ter and
Qi stagnation, one should activate the Qi; invasion by external Wind-Damp. In this
se Cold
when there is Kidney Deficiency, one should formula, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
ination.
astringe in order to tonify the Kidneys; when and Radix Angeiicae Pubescentis are the
'ansfor-
the channels and collaterals are invaded by Emperor herbs, to disperse Wind-Damp
jatterns
Dampness, one should relax the tendons and from all parts of the body. Radix
cv with
156 Part 4. Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
Ledebouriellae and Rhizoma Ligustici are and warm herbs also damages Body Fluids
the Minister, to relieve headache by and consumes Yin.
expelling Wind-Damp; Rhizoma Ligustici Excessive use of bitter and cold herbs to
Chuanxiong and Fructus Viticis are the clear Damp-Heat damages not only Yin but
Assistant, to eliminate Wind and relieve also Yang Qi. If Yang Qi is damaged,
pain; and Radix Glycyrrhizae is the pathogenic Dampness will persist. If Yin is
Messenger, to harmonize the ingredients of consumed, Dampness will turn to Heat.
the formula. The overall formula promotes The method of clearing Damp-Heat will
diaphoresis, expels Dampness and relieves further damage Yin; the method of
pain. nourishing Yin will then aggravate
- Chronic painful joints due to invasion by Dampness.
Wind-Damp often affect the Liver and Attention should therefore be given to
Kidneys, giving rise to Qi and Blood protecting Qi and Yin when using formulae
Deficiency. Herbs that nourish Blood, that expel Dampness.
activate Blood circulation, tonify Qi, invigo
rate (he Spleen and tonify the Liver and
Kidneys are therefore added. The represen
tative formula is Du Huo ]i Sheng Tang D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
(Angelica Pub escens-Loran thus Decoc FORMULAE THAT EXPEL DAMPNESS
tion). (TABLE 34.1)
If Dampness turns to Cold, the correct treat Balancing the Stomach Powder is more
effective in drying Dampness and invigo
ment method consists of warming and
rating the Spleen as it combines a large dose
resolving Dampness. If Dampness turns to
Heat, the correct treatment method consists of Rhizoma Atractylodis with Cortex
of clearing Heat and expelling Dampness. If Magnoliae Officinalis and Pericarpium Citri
pathogenic Dampness combines with Reticulatae. It does not Release the Exterior.
pathogenic Wind, the treatment method The first formula is thus indicated for
invasion of external Wind-Cold complicated
consists of eliminating Wind-Damp. If
with retention of interior Dampness; the
pathogenic Dampness combine? with
second is indicated for Dampness invading
Summer Heat, the treatment method
consists of clearing Summer Heat and elimi
the Spleen and Stomach with stagnation of
Qi.
nating Dampness. If exterior symptoms are
present, they must be addressed as well. 2. - Can Lu Xiao Du Dan
3. Dampness is a Yin pathogen and tends to Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate
damage >ang Qi. Excessive use of bitter, dry Toxin
formulae that expel Dampness 157
;gravate
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Clears Heat and Fire Poison Febrile disease due to invasion of
Eliminate Toxin Expels Damp Damp and Heat in equal degrees
iven to
jrmulae Three-Nut Decoction Regulates Qi Invasion of Damp-Heat, with
Resolves Damp Heat more Damp than Heat
Five 'Ling' Powder Invigorates Qi and Yang Dysuria due to impairment of the
Invigorates the Spleen Bladder's control of urine
Promotes diuresis
fUSED
JESS Polyporus Decoction Clears Heat Dysuria due to combination of
Promotes diuresis Water and Heat, complicated
Nourishes Yin with Yin Deficiency
is indicated for febrile disease due to Colla Corii Asini is added to nourish Yin and
invasion of seasonal pathogenic Damp-Heat; moisten dryness.
iminate in this pattern, Dampness and Heat are of The first formula is indicated for dysuria
equal severity. Three-Nut Decoction is with clear urine, fullness in the lower
158 Part 4: Cotnbuiutwiis and ami pardons of commonly \wd formulae
Questions
1. Why are herbs that activate Qi circulation
added to formulae that dry Dampness and
harmonize the Stomach?
2. How do Three-Nut Decoction and Sweet
Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin differ
in their actions and indications?
159
Phlegm
These formulae consist primarily of herbs
Formulae that dry Dampness and resolve that clear Heat and herbs that resolve
Phlegm consist primarily of bitter, warm and Phlegm. They eliminate Turbid Phlegm and
dry herbs that eliminate Phlegm. Such clear Internal Heat, and are indicated for
formulae dry Dampness, invigorate the Phlegm-Heat patterns.
160 Part 4: Combination* ami comparisons of commonly used formulae
Patterns of Phlegm-Heat are caused by the Interior. They resolve Phlegm and
Internal Heat acting on the Lungs to retained Fluid, warm the Interior and
condense Body Fluids into Phlegm. disperse Cold, and are indicated for
Symptoms include cough with thick sticky patterns of Cold-Phlegm with retained
yellow sputum which is difficult to expecto Fluid.
rate, a red tongue with sticky yellow coating Patterns of Phlegm-Fluid are marked by
and a rolling rapid pulse. cough with clear watery sputum, dyspnoea,
These formulae consist of a combination of: recurrent acute episodes provoked by
- herbs that clear Heat and resolve Phlegm, exposure to cold, a pale tongue with a
such as Fructus Trichosanthis, Radix slippery white coating and a deep slow
Platycodi, Arisaemae cum Felle Bovis, pulse. Such patterns affect the Spleen and
Bulbus Fritillariae and Chlorite-schist Stomach primarily and the Kidneys secon
and darily.
- herbs that clear Heat, such as Radix The patliogenesis is Spleen Yang Deficiency
Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus with retention of Internal Cold and Fluid, or
Gardeniae and Flos Lonicerae. retention of Cold and Fluid in the Lung; it is
sometimes also related to Kidney Yang
The representative formula is Qing Qi Hua Deficiency. In any event, the Lungs are
Tan Wan (Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm always involved.
Decoction), in which herbs that activate Qi The book Synopsis of the Golden Cabinet says,
circulation (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and 'In the treatment of retention of Phlegm and
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) are combined Fluid, warm herbs are used to mediate the
with Poria, which drains Dampness and condition.' Formulae that treat Phlegm-Fluid
invigorates the Spleen. consist of:
Phlegm-Heat patterns tend to be compli
cated. In addition to cough with sticky - herbs that warm the Lungs and Spleen,
yellow sputum, they may present with other such as Rhizoma Zingiberis, Herba Asari,
and Ramulus Cinnamomi
symptoms, such as an accumulation of
pathogens in the chest. In this event the - herbs that dry Dampness and resolve
treatment method consists of using pungent Phlegm, such as Rhizoma Pinelliae and
herbs to open the chest, combined with Semen Sinapis Albae
and
bitter herbs to send Rebellious Qi
downward, resolve Phlegm and disperse - herbs that invigorate the Spleen and
masses. The representative formula is Xiao resolve Dampness, such as Poria and
Xian Xiong Tang (Small Sinking Chest Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.
Decoction), in which Rhizoma Pinelliae is The representative formulae are Ling Gui
combined with Hcrba Trichosanthis and Zlm Gau Tang (Poria-Ramulus Cinnamomi-
Rhizoma Coptidis. Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza Decoction) and
If Phlegm and Heat cloud the Mind they Ling Gnu Wit Wei Jiang Xin Tang (Poria-
may produce manic-depressive disorders; Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber-Asarum
if they disturb the Heart they may Decoction).
produce palpitations and insomnia. The If Food Retention, or impairment of trans
representative formula for this pattern is portation and transformation, give rise to
Meng Shi Gun Tan Wan (Chlorite-Schisl Pill poor appetite and abdominal distension,
for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes), in which herbs that promote digestion and invigorate
Chlorite-schist and Nitrum are combined the Stomach should be added. An example is
with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix San Zi Yung Qin Tang (Three-Seed
Scutellariae and Lignum Aquilariae Nourishing Parents Decoction), which
Resinatum.
employs Fructus Perillae and Semen Sinapis
Albae lo resolve Phlegm and soothe asthma
3. Formulae thai warm and resolve Phlegm- and Semen Raphani to promote digestion
Fluid and relieve stagnation. When Qi circulates
smoothly, Phlegm and Retained Food are
These fornulae consist primarily of herbs resolved and cough and asthma will disap
that eliminate Phlegm and herbs that warm pear spontaneously.
Formulae thai eliminate Phlegm 161
4. Formulae that moisten dryness and resolve Decoction), which includes Folium Mori
n and
r and Phlegm and Semen Sojae Praeparata to promote the
Lungs' function of dispersing and eliminate
;d for
Formulae that moisten dryness and resolve
stained pathogenic Dryness; Semen Armeniacae
Phlegm consist of herbs that clear Heat and Amarum and Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
resolve Phlegm, and herbs that nourish Yin
to stop cough and resolve Phlegm; Radix
;ed by
and moisten the Lungs. Such formulae
Adenophorae and pear peel to promote
pnoea,
moisten the Lungs, resolve Phlegm, nourish
Body Fluids and moisten dryness; and
k! by
Yin and promote Body Fluids. They are
Aith a
Fructus Gardeniae to clear Lung Heat.
indicated for patterns of Dry-Phlegm.
If Phlegm is due to Empty Fire arising from
j slow
Patterns of Dry-Phlegm primarily involve
Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency, herbs that
in and the Lungs. The pathogenesis is invasion of
nourish Yin and clear Fire should be added.
secon-
the Lungs by Dryness and Heat, which cause
The representative formula is Bai He Gu Jin
Body Fluids to condense into Phlegm.
Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the
iciency
Symptoms include thick sticky sputum
Metal), which includes Radix Rehmanniae,
uid, or which is difficult to expectorate, and Lung
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix
ig; it is Yin Deficiency with dry throat, choking
Ophiopogonis, Bulbus Lilii, Radix
Yang
cough and hoarse voice. To treat such
gs are
Scrophulariae, Radix Paeoniae Alba and
patterns, Lung Dryness should be moist
Radix Angelicae Sinensis to nourish Yin and
ened, Phlegm should be resolved and clear Heat; and Radix Platycodi and Bulbus
t says,
pathogenic Heat should be cleared.
Fritillariae to clear Heat and resolve Phlegm.
in and
Formulae that treat Dry-Phlegm therefore
When the Lungs and Kidneys are nourished,
ate the
consist of: Empty Fire is reduced and Phlegm-Heat is
i-Fluid
resolved, patterns of Dry Phlegm will
- herbs that nourish Yin and moisten the
resolve spontaneously.
Lungs, such as Radix Adenophorae,
Jpleen,
Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Asparagi
Asari,
and Bulbus Lilii 5. Formulae to expel Wind and resolve
and Phlegm
- herbs that clear Heat and resolve Phlegm,
je and Formulae that expel Wind and resolve
such as Bulbus Fritillariae, Fructus
Phlegm consist primarily of herbs that expel
Trichosanthis, Radix Platycodi and
Phlegm and herbs that subdue Wind. They
Succus Bambusae.
n and are indicated for patterns of Wind-Phlegm.
a and Because Phlegm follows the movement of Qi
The representative formula is Bei Mu Gua
lae. Lou San (Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder), and the smooth circulation of Qi resolves
which uses Bulbus Fritillariae, Fructus Phlegm, herbs that regulate Qi must be
8 Gui
Trichosanthis, Radix Platycodi and Radix included in such formulae.
nomi-
Trichosanthis to moisten dryness and Wind-Phlegm patterns are related not only
l) and
resolve Phlegm, and Exocarpium Citri to the Liver but also to the Spleen. If Wind-
Poria-
Grandis and Poria to regulate Qi and resolve Phlegm disturbs the clear Yang, giving rise
sarum
Phlegm. When the Lungs' function of to dizziness, vertigo and headache, further
descending is restored, dry cough and additions must be made:
trans-
rise to sputum will be relieved.
- herbs that dry Dampness and resolve
:nsion, However, patterns of Dry Phlegm can Phlegm, such as Rhizoma Pinelliae
gorate also be caused by invasion of External Heat - herbs that invigorate the Spleen and
nple is and Dryness damaging Lung Yin, or by eliminate Dampness, such as Rhizoma
?-Seed Empty Fire due to Lung and Kidney Yin
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Poria
which Deficiency which condenses Body Fluids
and
inapis into Phlegm.
- herbs that subdue Wind, such as
sthma If Phlegm is due to damage by External Heat
Rhizoma Gastrodiae.
;estion and Dryness, herbs that promote the Lungs'
dispersing function and eliminate The representative formula is Ban Xia Bai
:ulates
pathogenic Dryness should be added. The Zhu Tian Ma Tang (Pinellia-Atractylodes-
x3 are
representative formula is Sang Xing Tang Gastrodia Decoction).
disap-
(Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel If Internal Phlegm-Heat stirs up Liver Wind
162 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
and clouds the Mind, producing symptoms - However, herbs that expel Phlegm differ in
of epilepsy, the formula must include: nature; they may be warm, dry, cool or
- herbs (hat clear Heat and resolve Phlegm, moist. It is essential to identify the nature of
such as Bulbus Fritillariae, Arisaemae the Phlegm in formulating prescriptions to
cum Felle Bovis and Succus Bambusae expel Phlegm.
-USED
Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Moistens dryness
Powder Resolves Phlegm
Regulates Qi and stops cough Phlegm patterns due to Lung
Dryness
resolve
Clearing Qi - Resolving Phlegm Clears Heat Internal Heat and Phlegm (cough
is Qi
Decoction Resolves Phlegm with thick yellow sputum)
Radix Regulates Lung Qi
isenger
n and
whole
hlegm,
2. - Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang cated with retention of fluid. Symptoms
Middle
Poria-Glycyrxhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber include aversion to cold, fever, absence of
rns of
-Asarum Decoction sweating, cough, dyspnoea, profuse thin
cough
- Xiao Qing Long Tang sputum, a moist and slippery tongue coating
m and
Small Green Dragon Decoction and a tense superficial pulse. This formula
lausea,
also contains Herba Ephedrae and Ramulus
a pale Both formulae use Rhizoma Zingiberis,
Cinnamomi, to Release the Exterior and
Herba Asari, Fructus Schisandrae and Radix
promote the Lungs' dispersing function;
repre- Glycyrrhizae to warm the Lungs and resolve
Rhizoma Pinelliae to dry Dampness and
f Dry retained Fluids. Both are indicated for reten
resolve Phlegm; and Radix Paeoniae Alba to
i Citri tion of Cold in the Lungs with symptoms of
nourish Blood and astringe Yin; in combina
Bulbus cough, profuse sputum and dyspnoea.
tion with Ramulus Cinnamomi it harmo
[t also Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber
nizes Nutritive and Defensive Qi.
Radix -Asarum Decoction is more effective in
hlegm, warming the Lungs and resolving retained 3. - Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan
i, and Fluids; it is thus indicated for patterns of Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm
Fluids Phlegm-Fluid with symptoms of cough with Patterns
occasional expectoration of thin sputum, - Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan
ryness, fullness in the chest, dyspnoea, a slippery Clearing Qi-Resolving Phlegm
stops white tongue coating and a deep slow pulse. Decoction
'hlegm Poria is used in this formula to invigorate
with the Spleen and drain Dampness. - Both formulae contain Radix Scutellariae to
ifficult Small Green Dragon Decoction is also clear Fire in the Upper Burner; both are
thirst, effective in Releasing the Exterior and indicated for Phlegm-Heat patterns.
:ongue dispersing Cold and is thus indicated for Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm
invasion by External Wind-Cold compli Patterns is aimed at treating Internal Heat
164 Part 4: Combinations and comparieons of commonly used formulae
Questions
1. Why are herbs that regulate Qi added to
formulae that expel Phlegm? Give an illus
trative example.
2. Compare and contrast formulae for clearing
Heat and resolving Phlegm, and formulae
for moistening Dryness and resolving
Phlegm.
165
inl
Ledebouriellae, Fructus Arctii and a. Formulae that suppress Liver Yang and subdue
CO.
Periostracum Cicadae are jointly the Wind
co:
Emperor herbs, to expel Wind and Release These formulae are indicated for patterns of
an
the Exterior; these are combined with Liver Yang Rising with stirring of Liver
Bu
Rhizoma Atractylodis, to expel Wind and Wind. They consist primarily of herbs that
Ca
dry Dampness; Radix Sophorae suppress Liver Yang, such as Concha
He
Flavescentis, to clear Heat and dry Haliotidis, Os Draconis, Concha Ostreae and
Dampness; Caulis Akebiae to drain Damp- Haematitum.
c. Foi
Heat through the urine; and Rhizoma Because Liver Yang Rising is closely associ
Th
Anemarrhenae and Gypsum Fibrosum to ated with Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency,
tio
clear Heat and Fire. This formula is herbs that nourish Yin are added. An
sta
commonly used in the treatment of rubella example is Zhen Can Xi Feng Tang (Pacifying
Wi
and eczema.
the Liver and Subduing Wind Decoction),
pri
Invasion of the channels and collaterals by which contains Haematitum, Os Draconis
Bio
pathogenic Wind retards the circulation of and Concha Ostreae to conduct Rebellious
Rat
Qi, Blood and Body Fluids, resulting in Qi downward, suppress hyperactive Yang
Rat
stagnation of Blood and the formation of and calm Liver Wind, and Plastrum
Col
Phlegm-Damp. When this occurs it is even Testudinis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix
To:
more difficult to expel Wind, and herbs that Scrophulariae and Radix Asparagi to
sioi
activate Blood and relieve pain must be nourish Yin and Blood.
sub
added. There is a saying, 'To treat Wind, If Liver Yang Rising is complicated with
E),
treat Blood first. Smooth circulation of Blood pronounced Internal Heat, herbs that clear
anc
and Blood. Such formulae subdue Wind and Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang (Antelope Horn and
stop convulsions. Uncaria Decoction) is a formula commonly
Patterns of Internal Wind are caused by used in the treatment of extreme Heat
Liver Wind, which may originate from Liver producing Wind. In this formula, Cornu
Yang Rising, extreme Heat producing Wind, Antelopis and Ramulus Uncariae are jointly
or Blood Deficiency giving rise to Wind. the Emperor herbs; they are combined with
Symptoms include dizziness, vertigo, Folium Mori and Flos Chrysanthemi, to cool
tremor, slurred speech, motor impairment, the Liver, subdue Wind, clear Heat and stop
fits, toss of consciousness, deviation of the convulsions; and Radix Rehmanniae and
mouth and eye, and hemiplegia. The Radix Paeoniae Alba to nourish Yin,
methods of treatment vary according to the promote Body Fluids and relax the tendons.
cause of the condition. Excess Heat tends to condense Body Fluids
Formulae that expel Wind 167
into Phlegm; Wind and Phlegm may then type. Herbs must be selected according to
combine and move upward to worsen the the nature of the pattern.
condition. In this case, herbs that clear Heat 2. In the treatment of External Wind, the treat
and resolve Phlegm are added, such as ment method consists of dispersing. In the
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and (fresh) treatment of Internal Wind, the treatment
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam, as in Antelope method consists of pacifying, and pungent
Horn and Uncaria Decoction. dispersing herbs should be avoided.
Pungent herbs that disperse Wind are
c. Formulae that nourish Yin and subdue Wind
usually warm and dry in nature and can
These formulae are indicated for consump
consume Body Fluids and produce Fire.
tion of Yin, Blood and Body Fluids in the late
They should be used with caution where
stage of febrile disease, with stirring of Liver
there is deficiency of Body Fluids, or Yin
Wind of the Deficient type. They consist
Deficiency with Empty Heat or hyperactive
primarily of herbs that nourish Yin and Yang.
Blood and promote Body Fluids, such as
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae Alba,
Radix Ophiopogonis, Plastrum Testudinis,
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
Colla Corii Asini and egg yolk.
FORMULAE THAT EXPEL WIND
To strengthen their effect in stopping convul
(TABLE 36.1)
sion, herbs that suppress the Liver and
subdue Wind are added. Examples include 1. - Ling jiao Gou Teng Tang
E Jiao ji Zi Huang Tang (Ass-Hide Gelatin Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction
and Egg Yolk Decoction) and Da Ding Feng - Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang
Zhu (Major Arrest Wind Pearl), both of Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind
which contain Colla Corii Asini, egg yolk, Decoction
Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Paeoniae Alba - Da Ding Feng Zhu
to nourish Yin and Blood, and Concha Major Arrest Wind Pearl
Ostreae and Concha Haliotidis to suppress
All three formulae pacify Internal Wind.
hyperactive Yang.
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction is
more effective in clearing Heat, cooling the
Liver and stopping convulsion. It features
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
Cornu Antelopis and Ramulus Uncariae
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT
cum Uncis as the Emperor herbs, to clear
EXPEL WIND
Heat, cool the Liver, pacify Wind and
1. Wind patterns tend to be complicated and to stop convulsions. These are combined
change quickly. It is essential to determine with Folium Mori and Flos Chrysanthemi
whether the Wind is external or internal, to assist in clearing Heat and pacifying
whether it is complicated with Cold, Heat, Wind.
Dampness, Phlegm or Stagnant Blood and This formula is indicated for Wind due to
whether it is of the Deficiency or Excess excess Heat in the Liver channel, with
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Clears Heat Liver Wind due to extreme Heat
Decoction Cools the Liver
Stops convulsion
Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Suppresses hyperactive Yang Wind-Stroke due to Liver Yang
Wind Decoction Conducts Qi and Blood Rising with Liver Wind
downward
Pacifies Wind
Major Arrest Wind Pearl Nourishes Yin and Blood Deficiency-type Liver Wind due to
Suppresses hyperactive Yang consumption of Yin
Pacifies Wind
168
Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
Questions
1. Why do formulae that pacify Internal Wind
contain herbs that nourish Yin?
2. What is the difference between formulae that
cool the Liver and pacify Wind and formulae
that nourish Yin and pacify Wind? Give
illustrative examples.
169
indicated for restlessness of the Excess type For this pattern, herbs that nourish Yin
caused by fear, shock or other emotional and Blood are 'used. An example is Tian
factors. Wang Bu Xin Dan (Heavenly Emperor
If there is Empty Fire in the Heart or Liver, Tonifying the Heart Pill), which combines
with signs of hyperactive Yang, herbs that herbs that nourish the Heart and calm
clear Heat and quell Fire are added, such as the Mind, such as Semen Ziziphi
Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Rehmanniae and Spinosae, Semen Biotae, Poria, Radix
Cornu Antelopis. The representative Polygalae and Fructus Schisandrae, with
formula for clearing Heat and calming the herbs that nourish Yin and Blood, such as
Mind is Zhu Sha An Shen Wan (Cinnabar Pill Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix
to Calm the Spirit), which contains Rehmanniae, Radix Asparagi and Radix
Cinnabaris and Rhizoma Coptidis. Ophiopogonis.
Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
Suan Zao Ren Tang (Sour Jujube Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill
Li-*
Decoction). Lii
In both formulae, Cinnabaris is used to
db
soothe the Heart and calm the Mind.
am
In Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit,
C POINTS TO REMEMBER IN He
Cinnabaris is combined with Rhizoma
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT is i
Coptidis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix
CALM THE MIND Kit
Rehmanniae and treated Radix
Yir
1. Formulae that soothe the Heart and calm the Glycyrrhizae. This formula clears Heart
pa]
Mind contain substances that are heavy and Heat, nourishes Yin and Blood and calms the
drt
descending in their action and difficult to Mind. It is indicated for Heart Fire
ulc
digest. They can only be administered for a consuming Yin and Blood, with symptoms
atl
short time. of restlessness, palpitations, insomnia,
Some of these substances are also toxic, and dream-disturbed sleep, a sensation of heat in
should be administered with caution, the chest, a red tongue with yellow coating
especially to patients with abnormal liver and a thready and rapid pulse.
and kidney function. For example, a large In Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill, Cinnabaris
Qut
dosage of Cinnabaris may cause mercury is combined with Magnetitum and Massa 1. Bot
poisoning. Fermentata Medicinalis. This formula Ma
These substances are also hard, and it is thus harmonizes the Heart and Kidneys, tha
more difficult to extract their active ingredi improves vision and calms the Mind. It is Wr,
ents. They should be broken into pieces and indicated for disharmony between the Heart Gl>
cooked for some time before adding other and Kidneys with symptoms of palpitations, Me
ingredients of the formula. insomnia, blurred vision, tinnitus and 2. Wh
2. Restlessness is often linked to emotional deafness. cah
problems and herbal treatment should be Yin
combined with psychotherapy to achieve 2. - Suan Zao Ren Tang Giv
better therapeutic results. Sour Jujube Decoction
Cinnabar Pill to Calm Clears Heart Heat Heart Fire consuming Yin and Blood
the Spirit Nourishes Yin and Blood
Calms the Mind
Magnetite and Harmonizes the Heart and Disharmony between the Heart and
Cinnabar Pill Kidney Kidneys
Improves vision
Calms the Mind
Sour Jujube Decoction Nourishes Liver Blood Liver Blood Deficiency and
Clears Heat hyperactive Liver Yang
Calms the Mind
Heavenly Emperor Nourishes the Heart and Yin and Blood Deficiency
Tonifying the Heart Pill Kidneys
Tonifies Yin and Blood
Clears Heat
Calms the Mind
Formulae that calm the Mind 171
Questions
1. Both Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit and
Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill are formulae
that soothe the Heart and calm the Mind.
Why do both contain treated Radix
Glycyrrhizae and Massa Fermentata
Medicinalis?
2. Why do formulae that nourish the Heart and
calm the Mind contain herbs that nourish
Yin and Blood, and herbs that clear Heat?
Give illustrative examples.
172
of Preserving and Harmonizing Pill with formula for distress in the chest; Bie Jia Jian
the addition of Rhizoma Atractylodis Wan (Decocted Turtle Shell Pill) is a
Macrocephalae and is thus more effective in commonly used formula for palpable
promoting digestion. Jian Pi Wan masses in the hypochondrium.
(Strengthen the Spleen Pill) combines Qi
tonics such as Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
Dioscoreae and Radix Glycyrrhizae with FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
digestives such as Fructus Crataegi, Massa REDUCE FOOD STAGNATION AND
Fermentata Medicinalis and Fructus Hordei DISSIPATE MASSES
- herbs that soften hardness and disperse and dissipate masses are inappropriate as
masses, such as Carapax Trionycis they would delay a resolution of the condi
- herbs that break Blood Stasis, such as tion.
- herbs that activate Qi circulation, such as combinations of Deficiency and Excess. The
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Cortex various treatment methods of activating Qi
Table 38.1 Comparison of formulas that reduce Food Stagnation and dissipate masses
Strengthen the Spleen Pill Invigorates the Spleen and Spleen and Stomach Deficiency with
tonifies Qi impaired digestion and pronounced
Promotes digestion signs of Damp-Heat and Qi
Activates Qi Stagnation A. GU
Clears Damp-Heat
FO1
FOJ
Ast
indicated for Food Stagnation with patl
symptoms of Qi Stagnation and mild Damp-
Questions Bio.
Heat. 1. Why do formulae that reduce Food syrr
Citrus aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Stagnation and promote digestion contain swe
Pill is more effective in clearing Damp-Heat. herbs that activate Qi and resolve nen
botl
2. - BaoHeWan
If e
Preserving and Harmonizing Pill
the)
- Jian Pi Wan
exte
Strengthen the Spleen Pill
met
Both formulae contain Fructus Crataegi, Exte
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis, Pericarpium witr
Citri Reticulatae and Poria. Both promote In t
digestion and harmonize the Stomach and Coll
are indicated for Food Stagnation with will
symptoms of distension and fullness in the proi
Astringent formulae 39
- herbs that nourish Yin and Blood, such as to Nourish the Organs), which consists of Th.
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Pericarpium Papaveris, Semen Myristicae ble
Praeparata, Radix Angeticae Sinensis, and Fructus Chebulae to astringe the dis
and Radix Paeoniae Alba intestines and stop diarrhoea; Radix Lei
and Ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis Lh
- herbs that clear Heat and quell Fire, such Macrocephalae and Radix Glycyrrhizae to tht
as Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis tonify Qi and invigorate the Spleen; Radix vat
\A\
They are indicated for persistent uterine this condition, herbs that nourish Yin and
bleeding and for persistent vaginal Blood should be added to stop bleeding. An
discharge due to Deficiency. example is Jiao Ai Tang (Ass-Hide Gelatin
Leucorrhoea stems from deficiency of the and Mugwort Decoction).
Liver, Spleen and Kidneys, impairment of If uterine bleeding is accompanied by Heat
the function of the Dai channel in controlling signs, herbs that clear Heat should be added,
vaginal discharge, and downward such as Radix Scutellariae and Cortex
movement of pathogenic Dampness. Phellodendri in Gu }ing Wan (Stabilize the
Persistent leucorrhoea indicates a decline of Menses Pill).
Upright Qi. Accompanying signs and
symptoms commonly include palpitations
dyspnoea, pallor, lumbar soreness, lassitude,
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
a pale tongue and a thready pulse.
FORMULATING ASTRINGENT
Formulae that stop leucorrhoea are based on
PRESCRIPTIONS
astringent herbs that stop leucorrhoea such
as Semen Euryales, Semen Ginkgo, Stamen 1. It is essential to determine the cause and
Nelumbinis, calcined Os Sepiellae seu location of the disease before formulating a
Sepiae and calcined Concha Ostreae. prescription. In most cases, deficiency of
For Spleen Deficiency, add herbs that tonify Upright Qi is the underlying cause.
Qi, such as Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Astringing treats only the Biao, and herbs
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma must be added to formulae according to the
Dioscoreae. For Dampness, add herbs that degree of consumption of Qi, Blood, Yin,
dry Dampness and invigorate the Spleen Yang, Essence and Body Fluids.
such as Rhizoma Atractylodis, or herbs that 2. Astringent formulae are indicated for
drain Dampness such as Poria, Semen deficiency of Upright Qi giving rise to an
Plantaginis and Rhizoma Alismatis. The excessive loss of Blood, Essence and Body
representative formula is Wan Dai Tang (End Fluids. Many of the same signs and
Discharge Decoction). symptoms may be caused by external
For Heat, add herbs that clear Heat such pathogenic factors, e.g. profuse sweating in
as Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma febrile disease, cough due to retention of
Coptidis. The representative formula is Yi Phlegm-Fluid, spermatorrhoea due to
Huang Tang (Change Yellow [Discharge] Empty Fire, diarrhoea due to overeating and
Decoction). uterine bleeding due to Heat in the Blood.
Uterine bleeding is linked to the Chong and These formulae are not appropriate in such
Ren channels. It may be acute and severe, or cases.
chronic and mild with a thin pinkish The Complete Collection of Jin Yue's Treatises
discharge, accompanied by pallor, palpita says, The method of astringing is adopted
tions, dyspnoea, a pale tongue and a thready for deficiency conditions. If this method is
or weak pulse, or a large, deficient pulse. used in an excess condition, you close the
It is treated primarily with astringent herbs door to keep the devils in.'
that stop bleeding, such as Os Sepiellae seu If external pathogenic factors are present,
Sepiae, Cortex Ailanthi, charred Cacumen astringents are not used until they have been
Biotae, Herba Agrimoniae, Colla Corii Asini, cleared.
charred Folium Artemisiae Argyi and
Halloysitum Rubrum.
For Spleen Qi Deficiency and weakness of D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
the Chong and Ren channels, add herbs that ASTRINGENT FORMULAE (TABLE 39.1)
tonify Qi such as Radix Astragali seu
Hedysari, Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma 1. - Yu Ping Feng San
Chong and Ren channels become deficient, Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Decoction
and Qi and Blood are greatly damaged. For All three formulae consolidate the Exterior
178 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Nourishes Yin Nights sweats due to Yin Deficiency
Decoction Quells Fire
Stops sweating
jr
A. Seasonal and respiratory Radix Ledebourieliae lOg
i
Exterior with pungent and cool herbs. The recommended formula is a variation of the
The recommended formula is a variation of Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin (Newly-Augmented tree
Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Elsholtzia Decoction): obs
Powder):
Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae 3g
Flos Lonicerae 10-15g Semen Glycine Germinatus (Dint Juan) 15 g a. Inif
Fructus Forsythiae lOg Herba Agastachis 10 g
Thi:
Herba Menthae Herba Eupatorii 10 g
Herba Artemisiae Chinghao 15 g the
(added at end of decoction)
Folium Mori Semen Dolichoris Album 15 g tem
lOg
Flos Chrysanthemi lOg Flos Lonicerae lOg sen;
Modifications: The
- If Summer Heat is more pro
of
- For influenza with severe Fire nounced, remove Herba Elsholtziae seu and
Poison, add Radix or Folium Isatidis Moslae from the prescription and add Pow
Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus F
- If Heat is complicated with Cold, with Gardeniae. F
symptoms of aversion to cold and - If pathogenic Dampness is more F
absence of sweating, add Herba pronounced, add Rhizoma Atractylodis R
Schizonepetae (10 g). and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis. F
Diseases in internal medicine 183
continues, with shortness of breath and a henae (12 g) and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Hi. Rec
large but weak pulse, this suggests (6g). In I
Collapse of Qi and Body Fluids. In this - For circulatory failure, add Radix gra
case, add Sheng Mai San (Generating the Ginseng (10 g) to benefit Qi and rescue anc
Pulse Powder) to benefit Qi and promote Collapse. ma
Body Fluids.
fev
CASE STUDY 40.2 flu;
ii. Invasion of the Nutritive level of the Heart by ENCEPHALITIS B thr
Summer Heat con
Male, age 5
This pattern is due to inward transmission of cat<
The patient was admitted to hospital after having
Summer Heat to the Nutritive and Blood Tht
had fever (39.7 C) and convulsion for 5 days. He
levels of the Pericardium. Clinical manifesta cle<
presented with coma, convulsion, gurgling due to
tions include high fever, lethargy, coma, Qir
sputum in the throat, shortness of breath, cold
convulsion, a deep-red tongue with a burnt anc
limbs, constipation, a thick yellow tongue coating
coating and a rapid, thready, large pulse. The and a rapid, rolling pulse.
treatment principle is to clear Heat from the
Pathogenesis: Invasion of Jue Yin by pathogenic
Nutritive level, open the orifices and calm
factors; Phlegm-Heat in the Interior disturbing the
Wind. The recommended formula is a varia
Pericardium.
tion of Qing Ying Tang (Clear the Nutritive
Level Decoction) and Qing Wen Bai Dit Yin Western diagnosis: Encephalitis B
(Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Treatment principle: Clear Heat from the Heart,
Decoction): open the orifices, resolve Phlegm, relieve consti
pation and subdue Liver Wind.
Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici 0.5 g
The herbs used were:
(ground to a powder and taken
separately with water) a. One pill of Calm the Palace Pill with
- I
or Cornu Bubali 30 g Cattle Gallstone, taken with fresh Succus
(decocted with other ingredients) Bambusae, to clear Heat, resolve Phlegm
Radix Rehmanniae 30g and open the orifices.
Flos Lonicerae 30 g b. Gypsum Fibrosum (raw) 50 g
Fructus Forsythiae 15g (decocted first) I
Herba Lophatheri lOg Flos Lonicerae 30 g - f
Folium Isatidis 15g Fructus Forsythiae 10 g r
Rhizoma Coptidis 5-10g Fructus Gardeniae 10 g (
Radix Ophiopogonis 15 g Bamboo juice 10 g c
Rhizoma Acori Graminei 5-10g Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (raw) 6g
V
(added at end of decoction) (added at end)
Radix Curcumae tOg NatriiSulfas 10 g
d. Seq
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 15g (taken separately with water)
(added at end of decoction) Semen Pharbitides 10 g If n.
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 12 g
Modifications: mor
(added at end)
bloc
- For delirium and coma, add 1-2 pills of Scorpio 3g
Hea
An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Calm the Carapax Eretmochaelydis (Da//Wao)10g
Fire
(decocted first)
Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone) or Zhi
com
Concha Haliotidis 20 g
Bao Dan (Greatest Treasure Special Pill),
(decocted first) The
to be taken in three doses.
Rhizoma Phragmitis 15 g inch
- For stirring of Wind with convulsion, add
Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw) 3g dysj
0.3-1.5g of powdered Cornu Antelopis,
treat
to be taken separately. After administration of three doses, the fever
gradually subsided and convulsions stopped; the Qi, i
- For severe convulsions, add l-2g of
patient had two bowel motions with black sticky fro it
powdered Scorpio and Scolopendra in
stool; gurgling in the throat improved and the The
equal amounts, to be taken with the
patient's mental state became clear.
prepared decoction. C
- For severe internal Heat with a burnt- Two doses of herbs that clear Heat and resolve
Phlegm were then administered, after which the
yellow tongue coating, add Gypsum
boy was discharged from hospital.
Fibrosum (50 g), Rhizoma Anemarr-
Diseases in internal medicine 185
d. Sequelae i. Wind-Cold
This pattern is due to invasion of the Lungs
If neurological symptoms are still present 6 by pathogenic Wind-Cold, which impairs
months after the onset, they are caused by
the Lungs' dispersing function. Clinical
blockage of the collaterals and misting of the manifestations include cough with thin
Heart by Phlegm and Stagnant Blood due to
white sputum, nasal obstruction and
Fire Poison damaging the Yin and
discharge and a thin, white tongue coating.
condensing Body Fluids into Phlegm.
The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind-
The main signs and symptoms at this stage Cold, promote the dispersing function of the
include delirium, dementia, aphasia, Lungs and stop cough. The recommended
dysphagia and paralysis of the limbs. The formula is a variation of Zhi Ke San (Stop
treatment principle is to promote Upright Coughing Powder) and San Ao Tang (Three-
Qi, resolve Phlegm and remove obstruction Unbinding Decoction):
from the collaterals.
Herba Ephedrae 3-6g
The recommended formula is:
Herba Schizonepetae lOg
Carapax Trionycis 15 g Folium Perillae 3-6g
(decocted first) Fructus Perillae lllg
Squama Manitis 12g Radix Peucedani lOg
(decocted first) Radix Plarycodi
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga lOg Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOe
186 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
Cinnamomi Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza
of dispersing with pungent and cool herbs, clear
Lung Heat and relieve cough. Decoction):
- For Yin Deficiency with scanty sticky hoarseness, cough, stuffiness of the chest, Ba
sputum, dry mouth and throat, malar nasal obstruction, headache and possible Pr
flush, a red tongue with scanty coating fever and aversion to cold.
and a rapid, thready pulse, remove The treatment principle is to disperse Wind-
Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum from the Cold and promote the smooth circulation of
prescription and add Radix Adenophorae Lung Qi.
(10-15 g), Radix Ophiopogonis (10 The recommended formula is:
-15 g), Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Herba Ephedrae 2-3 g
(10 g) and Cordyceps (2-3 g) (ground to
Herba Schizonepetae lOg
powder and taken separately). Radix Peucedani 10 g
- For dyspnoea, spontaneous sweating and Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 g
palpitations, add powdered Gecko (2- Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii 10 g
3g) and powdered Radix Ginseng (2- Radix Platycodi 6g
Cfi
3 g), to be taken separately. Semen Sterculiae Scaphigerae
HC
(Pang Da Hai) 3-5 pieces
The following is a prescription for external Fe
application; it is to be used during the
ii. Phlegm-Heat Th
Summer, in order to prevent asthmatic ho,
This pattern results from invasion of the
attacks during the Winter:
Lungs by Wind-Heat, which condenses rec
foil
Semen Sinapis 20 g Body Fluids into Phlegm. Phlegm and Heat
PO:
Rhizoma Corydalis lOg then combine to block the air passage.
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui Chi
Clinical manifestations include hoarseness,
Spt
Herba Asari
cough with thick yellow sputum, a dry or
tea
The herbs are ground to a powder and sore throat and a sticky yellow tongue att;
mixed with Moschus (0.6 g) and sufficient coating. foil
ginger juice to make a paste, which is then The treatment principle is to clear Heat, the
applied to acupuncture points such as Feishu resolve Phlegm, and ease the voice. we
(UB 13), Gaohuang (UB 43), and Bailao (extra: The recommended formula is: slic
2cm above and lateral to Dazhui, Du 14). Cortex Mori Radicis lOg Pa
The paste is removed from the points after Radix Peucedani lOg Ph
2-3 hours. Treatment is given once every 10 Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii lOg am
cold or retention of Phlegm-Heat. The i. Yin Deficiency with Dryness and Heat
Deficiency type results from Lung Fire due This pattern results from Dryness and Heat
to Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency, or from damaging Yin, or from Lung and Kidney Yin
a deficiency of Lung Qi and Yin due to exces Deficiency due to prolonged illness. In either
sive speaking or singing.
case, Yin Deficiency produces internal Heat,
which prevents the production of normal
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT vocal sound. Clinical manifestations include
chronic hoarseness, sore throat, dry throat
a. Dysphonia of the Excess type
and mouth, dry cough with little sputum,
i. Wind-Cold tinnitus, tidal fever, night sweats, a red
This pattern results from invasion of the tongue with scanty coating and a rapid,
Lungs by pathogenic Wind-Cold, which thready pulse. The treatment principle is to
On
impairs the Lungs' function of opening and nourish Yin, reduce Fire and moisten Jug
closing the vocal cords. Clinical manifesta Dryness. wer
tions include sudden onset of aphonia or The recommended formula is a variation of inst
Diseases in internal medicine 191
Bai He Gu Jing Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction to After 42 doses of this formula, the patient was still
Preserve the Metal): only capable of whispering.
At this point, the treatment method was altered
Radix Adenophorae 10-15g
to include relieving depression and stagnation,
Radix Ophiopogonis 10-l5g
and Free and Relaxed Powder (30 g) and
Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g Great Tonify the Yin Pill (5g) were added to
Radix Scrophulariae 10-15g the prescription; the former was decocted
Radix Platycodi 6g
wrapped with the other ingredients while the
Folium Mori 10g
latter was taken separately with water twice
Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg
daily.
Fructus Chebulae lOg
Semen Oroxyli {Mu Hu Die) After another month of treatment, her condition
was somewhat improved, but she still could not
speak loudly and overuse of her voice resulted
Pathogenesis: Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-12g
Phlegm combining with stagnant Qi in the throat, Fructus Chebulae lOg
and failure of Body Fluids to nourish the upper Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii lOg
body. Semen Sterculiae Scaphigerae 5 pieces Hi
Radix Platycodi 6g
Western diagnosis: Chronic laryngitis
Radix Glycyrrhizae 10 g
Treatment principle: Nourish Lung and Kidney Periostracum Cicadae 2-3g
Yin and subdue Fire.
The formula used was a variation of Bupleurum in. Deficiency of the Middle Burner and stagnation
Soothing the Liver Decoction and Left Metal ofQi
Pill:
Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach means
Radix Bupleuri 3g weakness in transportation and transforma
Rhizoma Cyperi 9g tion, thus producing stagnation of Qi.
Radix Curcumae 9g Clinical manifestations include dull or
Rhizoma Corydalis 9g distending epigastric pain, especially after
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
eating and alleviated by belching, and
Viride 4.5 g
reduced appetite and lassitude.
Fructus Meliae Toosendan 9g
The treatment principle is to tonify the
Fructus Gardeniae (burnt) 4.5 g
Middle Burner and regulate Qi.
Radix Scutellariae 4.5 g
plus Left Metal Pill 3g The recommended formula is a varia
(taken separately with water) tion of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia
After administration of two doses, epigastric
and Amomum) and Zhi Zhu Wan (Aurantia
distension improved and the pain became less
severe. All signs and symptoms disappeared after
Immaturus-Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Pill):
another three doses.
After administration of three doses, epigastric pain Yi Guan fian (Linking Decoction): se;
was less and the patient's appetite improved but Radix Glehniae 10-15g
he complained of stuffiness of the chest and Herba Dendrobii 10-15g
insomnia. His tongue coating was thin and sticky Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g 2. DIAJ
and his pulse was thready and wiry. Pericarpium Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg
Zanthoxyli and Fructus Amomi were then removed Radix Glycyrrhizae GENERA
%
from the prescription; Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg Diarr
(9g), Radix Paeoniae Rubra (9g), aged Fructus Rhizoma Corydalis lOg the J
Chaenomehs (3g) and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (5 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 5-10g Intest
pieces) were added.
Fructus Gardeniae lOg of ex
After five doses of this new formula the symptoms Modifications: Dam]
were relieved, and the patient was given emoti
another five doses to consolidate the therapeutic - For lack of gastric acid, add Fructus funct;
results.
Mume (3-5 g) and fresh Fructus Crataeei tion ;
(1015g) g transi
Diseases in internal medicine 195
Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang (Kudzu, Coptis and After three more doses, both the abdominal pain
Scutellaria Decoction), Xiang Lian Wan and tenesmus had disappeared. There was some Moc
(Aucklandia and Coptis Pill), and Shao Yao mucus, but no blood in the stool. Her irritability and
Tang (Peony Decoction): five-palm Heat were reduced and her urine was - F
not such a deep yellow. The bitter taste persisted. 2
Radix Scutellariae lOg At this point, Rhizoma Zingiberis was removed P
Rhizoma Coptidis 3-10g from the prescription and another five doses were C
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g prescribed.
Radix Aucklandiae - F
5g
Radix Puerariae lOg
By her next visit, her stool had become formed C
Herba Portulacae and contained no mucus, with bowel motions ai
Praeparata (2-5 g) and Fructus Alpiniae drinks. He had a sallow complexion, a thin, white
tongue coating and a weak-floating, thready and
Oxyphyllae(lOg).
rapid pulse.
For Sinking of Central Qi, add Rhizoma
Cimicifugae (2g), Radix Bupleuri (2g) Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Kidney Yang and of
and Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (10g ). the Spleen and Stomach.
For chronic dysentery, add Fructus Treatment principle: Primarily warm and invigo
Chebulae OOg) and Pericarpium Granati rate the Spleen and Kidneys and secondarily
tonify Qi and astringe the intestines.
Glycyrrhizae and Poria were removed from the Radix Bupleuri 6-10g
taste in the mouth, poor appetite and a Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 10g
200 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
After five doses, the jaundice disappeared; after Chronic illness leads to deficiency of Blood
another 10 days of treatment, liver function and Yin, and of Liver and Kidneys. Clinical
returned to normal. Treatment was continued for manifestations include dull hypochondriac
another 2 weeks based on the principles of
pain, dizziness and vertigo, tinnitus, five-
soothing the Liver and invigorating the Spleen,
palm Heat, bleeding gums, a red, cracked
and the patient was discharged from the hospital
free of all signs and symptoms. tongue with a thin, clean coating, and a
thready, wiry pulse.
The treatment principle is to nourish the
b. Liver Qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency Kidneys and Liver and harmonize the collat
erals.
Liver Qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency The recommended formula is a variation of
result in disharmony between the Liver and Linking Decoction:
Spleen. Clinical manifestations include
Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g
distending or dull pain in the costal and
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10-15g
hypochondriac regions, percussion pain in Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
the Liver area, mild enlargement of the Fructus Lycii lOg
Liver, reduced appetite, lassitude, depres Radix Adenophorae 10-15g
sion or irritability and restlessness, and a Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g
wiry pulse. This pattern is often present in Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg
acute anicteric hepatitis or chronic hepatitis. Radix Curcumae lOg
The treatment principle is to soothe the Fructus Aurantii
5g
Liver, relieve stagnation, benefit Qi and Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis
H
invigorate the Spleen.
The recommended formula is a variation of Modifications:
Xiao Yao San (Free and Relaxed Powder): For bleeding due to Heat in the Blood,
Radix Bupleuri
58
add Cortex Moutan Radicis (10g),
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg Fructus Gardeniae (burnt) (lOg), Radix
Fructus Aurantii Rubiae (10 g) and Indigo Naturalis (5g)
5g
Rhizoma Cyperi lOg (mixed with water and taken separately).
Radix Curcumae 10 g For Spleen Deficiency, add Radix
Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg Codonopsis Pilosuiae (10 g), Radix
Rhizoma Corydalis lOg
Astragali seu Hedysari (10-15g) and
Radix Codonopsis Pilosuiae lOg
Rhizoma Atractylodis Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Macrocephalae 10g
Poria
lOg
Radix Glycyrrhizae
4. CHOLECYSTITIS AND
Modifications:
CHOLELITHIASIS
For Damp-Heat, add Herba Artemisiae GENERAL DESCRIPTION CASE'
Scopariae (10-15 g), Fructus Gardeniae
The key symptom of cholecystitis and CHOLE
(10 g), Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati
cholelithiasis is right hypochondriac pain, Male, a
(15 g), Rhizoma Atractylodis (5-10g) and
which typically radiates to the shoulder and
Cortex Magnolia Officinalis (2-5g). This pal
back and may be accompanied by fever.
For Blood Stagnation, add Radix Salviae right up
The pathogenesis of the disease is retention hospital
Miltiorrhizae (15 g), Rhizoma Ligustici
of Damp-Heat in the Interior, leading to pain wi:
Chuanxiong (10g) and Sudden Smile
disorders of the Liver and Gall Bladder. violent j
Powder (10 g).
The treatment principle is to soothe the a bitter
For severe Blood Stagnation, add
Liver, ease the Gall Bladder, clear Heat and tion, a
Rhizoma Sparganii (5-10 g), Rhizoma
eliminate Dampness. pulse,
showed
1 I
Diseases in interim! medicine 201
- For hypertension with symptoms of This pattern is due to Heart and Kidney Rad
Radix Ophiopogonis (15 g), Fructus warm Yang and remove obstruction from (d
Arisaema cum Bile 10g Stasis, remove obstruction from the vessels dog),
Rhizoma Pineiliae (treated with Succus and soothe the Heart. Plantag
Bambusae) lOg
The recommended formula is a variation of For defi
Poria lOg
Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Radix
Frucrus Aurantii Immahirus 5g Decoction: Paeonia
Radix Polygalae lOg
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae lOg Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
Polygor
Cortex Albiziae 15g Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
Semen Persicae lOg
CASE STUDY 40.15
PALPITATION
Flos Carthami 5-10g D. Disea
Radix Curcumae lOg
Male, age 53 system
Poria cum Ligno Hospite lOg
This patient complained of frequent episodes of Succinum 2g
palpitations, which could become very severe at (ground to a powder and taken 1. ACUTE Al
times; he had also suffered from dizziness, blurred separately)
vision, timidity and insomnia over the past 3 Os Draconis 15g GENERAL DES
months. Other clinical manifestations included Semen Biotae lOg The oedem
profuse sputum, poor appetite, hypertension into the TC
(160/100), a white sticky tongue coating and a wiry e. Heart Yang Deficiency other stage;
pulse. consumptic
Deficiency of Heart Qi and Yang allows the
nephritis i
Pathogenesis: Disturbance by Phlegm-Heat in Heart and Mind to be disturbed. Clinical
the Interior. Wind, inw
manifestations include palpitation which is
Dampness,
Western diagnosis: Hypertension worse on exertion, shortness of breath,
causes incl
stuffiness of the chest, aversion to cold, cold
Treatment principle: Clear Heat, resolve Phlegm Spleen and
limbs, dizziness, a pale tongue and a deep,
and calm the Mind with heavy substances. passages,
thready or intermittent pulse.
The formula used was a variation of Warming the Water and
The treatment principle is to warm Yang,
Gall Bladder Decoction and Magnetite and Water meta
benefit Qi, soothe the Heart and calm the
Cinnabar Pill:
Mind. the root a
Kidneys.
Rhizoma Pineiliae The recommended formula is a combination
(ginger-treated) 9g of Panax-Aconitum Decoction and Gui Zhi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 4.5 g DIFFERENTIAT
Gan Cao Long Gu Mu Li Tang (Cinnamon
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Twig, Licorice, Dragon Bone and Oyster a. Wind-Wate
(stir-baked) 4.5 g
Shell Decoction), with additions:
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam 9g Invasion of
Poria 9g Radix Aconiti Praeparata 3-5 g
' impairs the
Os Draconis 15 g Ramulus Cinnamomi 5g
the water
Concha Ostreae 30 g Radix Ginseng 5-10 g
combine to
(decocted first) or Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 15 g
which is m<
Rhizoma Arisaematis (prepared) 4.5 g Astragali seu Hedysari 15 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 5g face; pittir
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g
plus Fructus Schisandrae 5g pressure is :
Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill 4,5 g Os Draconis 15 g tations incl
(decocted first) cough, dysj
After ten doses of this prescription, all symptoms
Concha Ostreae 20 g cold.
had disappeared.
(decocted first) The treatme
Modifications: promote tr
The
upper body, add Semen Lepidii seu CASE STUDY 40.16
Zhi
Descurainiae (6g), Semen Armeniacae NEPHRITIS
Phe]
Amarum (10 g) and Herba Ephedrae Male, age 35
(3-5 g). R
This patient presented with oedema of the face R
- For abdominal distension and fullness, a
and lower limbs, pallor, palpitation and shortness F
sensation of heat, restlessness, thirst and of breath on exertion, lumbar soreness and a R
constipation, remove Ramulus bearing-down sensation in the anus. He had a S.
Cinnamomi from the prescription and white tongue coating and a weak-floating and R
add Semen Zanthoxyli (3g), Semen thready pulse. C
Lepidii seu Descurainiae (6g) and Radix C
Pathogenesis: Spleen and Kidney Deficiency
et Rhizoma Rhei (5 g). resulting in retention of Water and Damp which R
spread to the muscles. R
NB: If the patient's blood pressure is high,
P
Herba Ephedrae should not be used in the Western diagnosis: Acute aggravation of chronic
treatment of the two patterns discussed nephritis
above. Treatment principle: Invigorate the Spleen and 2. URI
Kidneys' function of controlling Water and Damp. URI
c. Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency The formula used was a variation of Five 'Ling'
GENER,
Powder and Five-Peel Powder:
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency means Urin
an inability to resolve Water and Dampness. Ramulus Cinnamomi 3g are *
(10 g) to tonify the Spleen and The treatment principle is to nourish the R;
Succinum 6g Fr
3. SPERMATORRHOEA, IMPOTENCE Fr
(to be taken separately with
AND INFERTILITY Se
water three times daily)
and frequency decreased from more than 20 times Spermatorrhoea is caused by a dysfunction
to 10 times daily. There was still some mild of the Kidneys in storing Essence. There are -Mod:
distending pain and tenderness in the lower two types. Nocturnal emission is often of the
- Fc
abdomen. Urinalysis showed clear, yellow urine Excess type and is caused by disturbance of
ar
with a small quantity of white blood cells. the seminal chamber by Heart and Kidney
ar
The same prescription was continued, and after Fire or by Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner;
another three doses all symptoms had disap the treatment principle is primarily to clear
b. Dow
peared and urinalysis was normal. Fire or Heat. Spontaneous emission is often
of the Deficiency type and is caused by This
weakness of the seminal gate due to Kidney Livei
b. Spleen and Kidney Deficiency Deficiency; the treatment principle is to Burn,
tonify the Kidneys and consolidate the nocti
Long-term urinary infection and urinary
Essence. impo
lithiasis leads to Spleen Deficiency, Sinking
Impotence is usually caused by decline of dam[
of Spleen Qi and weakness of Kidney Qi.
Ming Men Fire; in some patients it is the foul
Clinical manifestations include recurrent
result of downward movement of Damp- soren
episodes of difficult and dribbling urine
Heat causing relaxation of the penis. limbs
with haematuria, lumbar soreness and
Female infertility results from deficiency of and ;
listlessness. Aggravations are often induced
Essence and Blood with stagnation of Cold pulse
by overwork or stress. If there is concurrent
in the uterus, or from Damp-Heat in the The
Yin Deficiency, symptoms will also include
Lower Burner, stagnation of Liver Qi or elimi:
restlessness, five-palm Heat or low-grade
retention of Phlegm-Damp. The treatment Ther
fever, and tidal flushing of the face.
principles are accordingly to provide Long
The treatment principle is primarily to
warmth and tonify Essence, to clear Heat theL
benefit Qi and tonify the Kidneys and secon
and eliminate Dampness, to relieve stagna
darily to clear Damp-Heat. Ra
tion of Liver Qi and regulate menstruation
Co
The recommended formula for Spleen
or to dry Dampness and resolve Phlegm. Co
Deficiency is a variation of Tonifying the
Ra
Middle and Benefiting Qi Decoction:
Fn
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg Ca
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari lOg a. Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire Rh
Rhizoma Atractylodis Ra.
Macrocephalae lOg The seminal chamber is disturbed by Empty Rh
Rhizoma Cimicifugae 3g Fire due to Kidney Yin Deficiency, or by Set
Radix Bupleuri 3g Heart Fire. Clinical manifestations include Rh
Radix Dipsaci lOg nocturnal emissions with dreams, excessive
Semen Astragali Complanati 15g erection or premature ejaculation, tinnitus,
Poria lOg CASE
lumbar soreness, restlessness and insomnia.
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae lOg IMPOT
The treatment principle is to nourish Yin and
Male,.
The recommended formula for Kidney Yin reduce Fire.
Deficiency is a variation of Anemarrhena, The recommended formula is a variation of For o\
Phellodendron and Rehmannia Pill: Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and impote
Rehmannia Pill: had ye
Radix Dipsaci lOg
yellow
Cortex Eucommiae lOg Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Radix Rehmanniae 15g Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g Patriot
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg Fructus Corni 10-15 g Yang,
Cortex Phellodendri lOg Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 10 g Damp-
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae lOg Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
Treatrt
Semen Cuscutae 15g Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
and cte
Fructus Schisandrae 2g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg Cortex Phellodendri 10 g The fo
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg Fructus Rosae Laevigatae 10 g the Rlc
Diseases in internal medicine 211
For over a year this patient had suffered from For spermatorrhoea, add Fructus Rosae
impotence, lumbar soreness and weak legs. He Laevigatae (12 g), Stamen Nelumbinis
had yellow urine, a red tongue with a thick, sticky
(lOg) and Os Draconis (15g) (decocted
yellow coating, and a rapid, wiry pulse.
first).
Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Kidney Yin and For infertility due to retention of Cold in
Yang, complicated with downward movement of the uterus, add Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Damp-Heat. (lOg), Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Treatment principle: Tonify Kidney Yin and Yang (6g), Cortex Eucommiae (12 g), Colla
and clear Damp-Heat. Corii Asini (10 g) (melted and taken
separately) and Folium Artemisiae Argyi
The formula used was a variation of Restoring
the Right Pill: dOg).
212
Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
d. Retention of Phlegm-Damp
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Obesity produces Phlegm-Damp in the
a. Wind, Cold and Dampness
Interior, which blocks Qi and hinders the
Chong and Ren channels. This is a common When body resistance is weak, pathogenic
cause of female infertility. Clinical manifes Wind, Cold and Dampness are able to
tations include prolonged menstrual cycle invade the channels and collaterals, thus
with scanty pale and thin flow or amenor- inhibiting mobility of the joints. Clinical
rhoea, leucorrhoea, obesity, dizziness, lassi manifestations include intermittent pain in
tude, stuffiness of the chest, a pale tongue the joints and muscles which is aggravated
with a sticky white coating, and a deep, in damp weather, a thin white tongue
rolling pulse. coating and a wiry or soft pulse.
The treatment principle is to dry Dampness, The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind,
resolve Phlegm, activate Qi and invigorate Cold and Dampness and remove obstruction
the Spleen. from the collaterals.
The recommended formula is a variation of The recommended formula is a variation of
Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan (Atractylodis and Yi Yi Ren Tang (Coix Decoction):
Cyperi Pill for Eliminating Phlegm): Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 5-10g
Rhizoma Atractylodis 10g
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 5-10g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g
Macrocephalae lOg
Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae lOg
Rhizoma Pinelliae Semen Coids
lOg 15g
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Rhizoma Atractylodis lOg
lOg
Rhizoma Arisaematis lOg Modifications:
Rhizoma Cyperi lOg
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus lOg - If Wind predominates, causing
Porial
wandering joint pain, add Radix
Modifications: Ledebouriellae (10g), Radix Clematidis
(10 g) and Agkistrodon Acutus or Zaocvs
For Cold, add Ramulus Cinnamomi (5-10g). y After
(2-5 g).
- If Cold predominates, causing a sensation peare
For stagnation of Blood, add Rhizoma of cold and joint pain which is worse on
Ligustici Chuanxiong (6-10g), Radix exposure to cold, add (treated) Rhizoma b. Win.
Angelicae Sinensis (10g) and Radix Aconitum Carmichaeli (2-5g), Herba
Achyranthis Bidentatae (lOg). Asari (2-6g) and Herba Ephedrae Wine
For Qi stagnation, add Radix Bupleuri bloc*
(5g) and Cortex Albiziae (10-15g). - If Dampness predominates, causing a onse
1. BI SYNDROMES (PAINFUL JOINTS) Radix Angelicae Sinensis {10 g), Ramulus Thei
Loranthi (15 g) and Rhizoma Cybotii of Bt
GENERAL DESCRIPTION (10g) Ram
Bi syndrome refers to pain and limited Miao
movement of the body, limbs, joints and
muscles. It corresponds to the Western CASE STUDY 40.19 Rr
diagnostic categories of rheumatoid arthritis BI SYNDROME Gj
and osteoarthritis and is caused by invasion Male, age 49 "
of the channels, collaterals, joints and Rr
muscles by pathogenic Wind, Cold, This patient complained of soreness and pain in Ra
Dampness and Heat. the left leg and foot for the past 4 months He had Cc
received acupuncture, cupping, plasters and Se
Discuses in internal medicine 213
After two doses, the fever, swelling and pain affecting the tendons and channels, and manj
subsided. The prescription was then modified Liver and Kidney Deficiency. weat
according to the remaining symptoms, and the The treatment principles are to clear Heat, limb:
patient was discharged from hospital 6 days later nourish Yin, benefit the Lungs and Stomach, signs
free of all symptoms. She continued treatment for
clear Damp-Heat and tonify the Liver and of th
a short time to consolidate the therapeutic results
Kidneys. and i
until she was fully recovered.
Thei
elimi
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Thei
c. Kidney Deficiency with stagnation of
a. Lung Heat consuming Body Fluids Four
Phlegm and Blood
Pathogenic Damp-Heat and toxins act on the a
Long-term rheumatism leads to stagnation
Lungs and Stomach to consume Body RI
of Phlegm and Blood, and deficiency of the Re
Fluids, thus depriving the tendons and
Liver and Kidneys. This is a chronic pattern. R?
channels of moisture. Clinical manifesta
Clinical manifestations include swelling, Rr
tions include fever at the onset of the
rigidity, deformity and restricted movement a
disease, weakness of the limbs and body
of the joints, and intermittent pain. Fr
when the fever subsides, dryness of the
The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver
throat, thirst, a red tongue and a thready, Modi
and Kidneys, resolve Phlegm and Blood
rapid pulse. - Fc
Stasis, eliminate Wind and remove obstruc
The treatment principle is to clear Heat,
tion from the collaterals. ar
nourish Yin and benefit the Lungs and Rf
The recommended formula is:
Stomach. tit
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 10 g The recommended formula is a variation of PI
Ramulus Loranthi 15 g
Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Glehnia- Dt
Cortex Acanthopanacis Radids 10 g
Ophiopogon Decoction): - Fc
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Semen Sinapis Albae 2-3 g Radix Adenophorae 10-15g in
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g to:
Agkistrodon Acutus 5-10 g Herba Dendrobii 10-15g Sq
orZaocys 15 g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg se1
Male, age 52
tongue, add Radix Paeoniae Rubra (10 g)
Squama Manitis (10 g) and Eupolyphaga This patient had suffered paroxysmal paralysis of
seuSteleophaga(lOg). his lower limbs for over 2 years and a diagnosis of
- If Heat signs are absent, but there is a hypokalaemia was established (0.9mg/100 ml)
localized sensation of cold, remove The paralysis was worse on rainy days. In May he
Cortex Phellodendri from the prescrip had an aggravation and could not get up- he was
treated with an intravenous drip of potassium
tion and add Ramulus Cinnamomi
chloride and improved slightly. On his way to the
(2-5 g) and Herba Epimedii (10 g). hospital he fell to the ground six times due to
weakness of the legs. His legs were cold, he had
an aversion to cold generally and he had frequent
c. Liver and Kidney Deficiency nocturia.
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Green Tea Regulating Powder:
Macrocephalae 1og R
Rhizoma Cimicifugae (treated) 3g Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10g R
On subsequent visits to the hospital, Fructus Chrysanthemi (10 g), Fructus Tribuli emot
Mume was replaced by Fructus Chaenomelis in (10-15 g) and Gypsum Fibrosum (15 g) This
the prescription. Treatment was continued for a (decocted first). diagi
month until the patient could walk to the market to For turbid nasal discharge, add Flos neun
do his shopping and suffered no new attack on Magnoliae (2-5 g) and Fructus Xanthii Thet
rainy days.
"0g>- activi
If pathogenic Wind is complicated with The]
Dampness, giving rise to a feeling as if Gast:
The treatment principle is to suppress hyper Stagnant Blood blocks the vessels. Clinical
active Liver Yang. manifestations include recurrent stabbing
The recommended formula is a variation of pain which is fixed in location. There may be
Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction:
a history of trauma.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae 10 g The treatment principle is to activate Blood
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 10-15 g circulation, resolve Stasis and relieve pain.
Folium Mori 10 8 The recommended formula is:
Flos Chrysanthemi 10 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Fructus Tribuli 10-15 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
Semen Cassiae 10-15g
Semen Persicae 10 g
Concha Ostreae 15-20g
FlosCarthami 5-10 g
(decocted first)
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
Modifications: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 10 g
Patt
lOg symptoms are aggravated by emotional
Rhizoma Gastrodiae disti
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 10g stress.
We:
Rhizoma Typhonii 10 g The treatment principle is to suppress Liver
Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10 g Yang and calm Liver Wind. Trei
Rhizoma Atractylodis The recommended formula is a variation of Live
Macrocephalae lOg Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction:
The
Fructus Tribuli 10-15g
Ramulus Uncariae cum Unds 10-15g Gas
10-12g
Poria
Rhizoma Gastrodiae lOg
Rhizoma Alismatis 10-15g
Flos Chrysanthemi 10 g
from the prescription and add Arisaema - For hyperactivity of Liver Fire with a
cum Bile (10 g), Caulis Bambusae in flushed face and a bitter taste in the
Taeniam (10 g), Fructus Aurantii mouth, add Spica Prunellae (15 g),
Immaturus (10 g), Bombyx Batryticatus Fructus Gardeniae (10 g) and Cortex
(10 g) and Lumbricus (10 g). Moutan Radicis (10 g).
For frontal headache, add Radix - For vomiting, add Haematitum (15 g).
Angelicae Dahuricae (10 g). - For Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency, add
For temporal headache, add Rhizoma Fructus Lycii (15 g). Radix Rehmanniae
Ligustici Chuanxiong (10 g) and Radix (15 g) and Radix Polygoni Multiflori
Bupleuri(5-10g). (15 g).
For parietal headache due to invasion of - For hypertension, increase the dosage of
pathogenic Cold-Damp, add Rhizoma Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis and add
Ligustici (5-10 g). Herba Siegesbeckiae (15 g) and Folium
For parietal headache which is Cold in Apocyni Veneti (15 g).
nature and due to internal imbalance,
add Fructus Evodiae (2-3 g) and Herba The treatment principle is to nourish Blood
Asari (1.5-2 g).
and eliminate Wind.
The recommended formula is a variation of
For occipital headache, add Radix
Four-Substance Decoction:
Puerariae (10-15 g).
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae 1 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
4. DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5g
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Radix Polygoni Multiflori 15-30 g
Dizziness and vertigo are often seen in Herba Schizonepetae 10 g
Radix Ledebouriellae 10 g
hypertension, aural vertigo and neurosis.
Bombyx Batryticatus 1 g
Their causes include Stagnant Liver Qi
turning to Fire and Liver Yang Rising,
Phlegm-Damp misting the Mind, deficiency
of Qi and Blood depriving the head of CASE STUDY 40.23
nourishment, and Kidney Deficiency with DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
insufficiency of the Sea of Marrow. Male, age 52
Pathogenesis: Liver Yang Rising and upward obesity, a sticky tongue coating and a rolling
disturbance of Liver Wind. pulse.
The treatment principle is to resolve
Western diagnosis: Hypertension
Phlegm-Damp and calm Wind.
Treatment principle: Subdue Liver Yang, calm The recommended formula is a variation of
Liver Wind and clear Heal.
Pinellia-Atractylodis Gastrodia Decoction:
The formula used was a variation of
Rhizoma Gastrodiae lOg
Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction:
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Rhizoma Gastrodiae 9g Macrocephalae 10-12g
Concha Haliotidis 18 g
Modifications:
Ramulus Loranthi 9g
Concha Margaritifera Usta 30 g - If vomiting is severe, add Haematitum
Magnetitum 30 g and ginger-treated Caulis Bambusae in
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam 9g
Taeniam.
Fructus Gardeniae (burnt) 9g
- For Liver Yang Rising, add herbs that
Radix Paeoniae Alba (raw) 9g
calm Liver Yang.
After two doses, the dizziness, vertigo and - For aural vertigo and labyrinthine
vomiting improved. After another three doses, all hydrops, increase the dosage of Rhizoma
symptoms further improved, but there was Yin Alismatis and Poria and add Semen
Deficiency in the lower body and hyperactivity of
Plantaginis (12 g) {decocted wrapped).
Yang in the upper body, indicating that Fire could
not return to its origin because Kidney Yin had not
recovered. c. Qi and Blood Deficiency
Subsequent treatment was thus focused on the Deficiency of Qi and Blood deprives the
underlying cause of the condition and a variation head and eyes of nourishment. Clinical
of Restoring the Lett Pill was prescribed: manifestations include dizziness, vertigo,
Turbid Phlegm moves upward and mists the Dioscoreae (15g), Radix Aucklandiae (5g)
clear cavity of the head. Clinical manifesta and Radix Bupleuri (3g).
tions include dizziness and vertigo, stuffi For deficiency of Yin and Blood, remove
ness of the chest, nausea, abundant sputum, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and Radix
Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
220
Ra
Astragali seu Hedysari from the prescrip Deviation of the mouth and eye in an attack
Ra
tion and add Radix Polygon! Multiflori on the channels and collaterals is caused by
(15g) and Fructus Ligustici Lucidi (15g). facial paralysis. The other conditions are the
ii. Cereb,
consequences of cerebrovascular accident,
cerebr
which include cerebral haemorrhage,
d. Liver and Kidney Deficiency Yin I
cerebral thrombosis, cerebrovascular spasm,
Liver and Kidney Deficiency implies insuffi cerebral embolism and subarachnoid
comp
Curculiginis (10 g), Rhizoma Anemar- a. Attack on the channels and collaterals Boj
Rh
rhenae (10 g) and Cortex Phellodendri (invasion of the collaterals by Wind-
Liu
ao g). Phlegm)
He
- For Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency
i. Facial paralysis
complicated with Liver Yang Rising, add
When the collaterals are empty and resis
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (10 g), Ramulus
tance to disease is weak, pathogenic Wind
Uncariae cum Uncis (10-15 g) and Concha
invades and combines with Phlegm-Damp.
Ostreae (15-30 g) (decocted first).
Clinical manifestations include an abrupt
- For spermatorrhoea or leucorrhoea, add
onset of deviation of the mouth and eye,
Semen Euryales (10-15 g), Os Draconis
drooling, unclear speech, numbness of the
(15 g) and Rhizoma Dioscoreae (15 g).
face, possible aversion to cold, a sticky white
tongue coating and a wiry, rolling pulse.
The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind,
5. WIND-STROKE resolve Phlegm and remove obstruction
from the collaterals.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Wind-Stroke presents with sudden collapse
The recommended formula is a variation of
and loss of consciousness, or mental cloudi Lead to Symmetry Powder:
ness and hemiplegia or deviation of the Rhizoma Typhonii 10 g
mouth and eye. The former condition is Rhizoma Arisaematis 10 g
referred to as attack on the Zang-Fu, while Bombyx Batryticatus 10 g
the latter is considered to be attack on the Lumbricus 10 g
Scorpio 2*5 g
channels and collaterals.
Diseases in internal medicine 221
relaxed hands, incontinence of both urine in the aftermath of Wind Stroke; soreness, dee
and faeces, profuse sticky or cold sweating, weakness and motor impairment of the thin
pallor, cold limbs and a deep and hidden or limbs and body, with loss of sensation in wer
Sheng Fit Tang (Ginseng and Aconite The recommended formula is a variation of the
Decoction) and Restoring the Pulse Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-Tenths dos
Powder Decoction:
15-30 g
Radix Ginseng Rubra (Hang Shen) 10 g Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
(decocted separately) Radix Angelicae Sinensis 30 g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata 10 g Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
Concha Ostreae 30 8
(decocted first)
CASE STUDY 40.24
Modifications: WIND-STROKE
gives rise to hemiplegia, muscular atrophy, The initial stage of the disease is of the
dizziness, tinnitus, rigidity of the tongue, Excess type and is treated by eliminating
slurred speech, a deep-red or dark purple Phlegm, calming Wind and opening the
tongue and a deep, thready and wiry, or orifices. Chronic cases are of the Deficiency
hesitant pulse. type; the primary treatment method is to
The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver tonify the Kidneys, Heart and Spleen while
and Kidneys. secondarily resolving Phlegm.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Di Huang Yin Zi (Rehmannia Decoction): DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
F
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
pattern is often induced by emotional stress r
or Radix Ginseng 6g
and includes warning symptoms such as i
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
dizziness and rebellion of Qi before a Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
r
c
seizure. FructusLycii l2g
If the pattern is one of Phlegm-Fire, clinical Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g Mot:
manifestations will include headache, red Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 12 g
eyes, flushed face, restlessness and a sticky Rhizoma Pinelliae (treated) 10 g - H
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g r
yellow tongue coating.
If the pattern is one of stirring of Wind with Radix Polygalae lg c
a. Stagnation of Liver Qi
b. Heart and Kidney Deficiency
Emotional irritation impairs the function of
Long-term epilepsy damages the Heart and
the Liver in promoting the free flow of Qi,
Kidneys. Clinical manifestations include
thus resulting in Liver Qi Stagnation.
recurrent seizures of varying severity,
Clinical manifestations include mental
listlessness, dizziness, palpitations, reduced
depression, restlessness, stuffiness of the
appetite, sore and weak lumbar region and chest, sighing, wandering distending pains
knees, pallor, a pale tongue with thin, white
in the costal and hypochondriac regions and
coating, and a thready and possibly rolling
a wiry pulse.
pulse. In severe cases, intelligence may be The treatment principle is to soothe the
impaired.
Liver, regulate Qi and relieve depression.
The treatment principle is to tonify the The recommended formula is a variation of
Kidneys, soothe the Heart, invigorate the
Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
Spleen and resolve Phlegm.
and Free and Relaxed Powder:
The recommended formula is a variation of
Da Bu Yuan jmn (Great Tonify the Source Radix Bupleuri (vinegar-treated) 5g
Decoction) and Six Gentlemen Decoction: Radix Paeoniae Alba 1 g
Diseases in internal medicine 225
Moutan Radios (10 g) and Fructus The treatment principle is to soothe the
Heart, nourish Yin and relieve stagnation.
Gardeniae (10g).
For Liver and Heart Fire and Phlegm-Fire The recommended formula is a variation of
manifesting as irritability, mania and Gan Mai Da Zao Tang (Licorice, Wheat and
restlessness, add Arisaema cum Bile Jujube Decoction):
(10g), Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (10 g), Radix Glycyrrhizae 5-10 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Radix Wheat 15-30g
include stuffiness of the chest and a wiry thin, sticky tongue coating and a rapid, thready
pulse. She had a history of depression for 5 years.
rolling pulse.
The treatment principle is to regulate Qi, Pathogenesis: Deficiency of the Heart, disturbed
relieve Stagnation and resolve Phlegm. by Phlegm-Damp.
The recommended formula is a variation
Western diagnosis: Neurasthenia
of Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoc
Treatment principle: Nourish the Heart, calm the
tion:
Mind, eliminate Phlegm and open the orifices.
Rhizoma Pinelliae lOg
The formula used was a variation of Licorice,
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Wheat and Jujube Decoction:
Folium Perillae
Rhizoma Cyperi (treated) lOg
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 9g
Fructus Aurantii lOg Wheat 30 g
Radix Platycodi Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 5 pieces
Poria lOg Herba Ecliptae 15 g
Cortex Albiziae 15 g Rhizoma Acori Graminei 9g
Iron cinder (Sheng Tie Luo) 30 g
Modifications:
Radix Curcumae 9g
If stagnant Qi turns to Fire and damages Rhizoma Arisaematis (prepared) 4.5 g
the Yin, remove Cortex Magnoliae Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
1. CHYLURIA
CASE STUDY 40.26
Heat and tonify the Spleen and Kidney. urethra, hesitant urination, dizziness, lassitude, a
Diseases in internal medicine 227
slightly red tongue with a sticky yellow coating, manifestations include a bearing-down
and a weak-floating pulse. sensation in the lower abdomen, lassitude, a
pale tongue with a white coating, and a soft,
Pathogenesis: Spleen and Kidney Deficiency
complicated with downward movement of Damp- thready pulse.
Heat, the signs of Excess being more pronounced The treatment principle is to tonify and raise
than the signs of Deficiency. Qi,
The recommended formula is a variation of
Western diagnosis: Chyluria
Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi
Treatment principle: Clear Damp-Heat and Decoction:
promote the Bladder's function of dividing the
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
clear from the turbid.
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10 g
The formula used was a variation of Dioscorea Rhizoma Atractylodis
Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the Clear Macrocephalae 10 g
and Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification: Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
c. Spl
Semen Cuscutae 15g The recommended formula is Tonifying the
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae 15g Spleen Decoction:
Semen Euryales lOg
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 115-20 g
Poria lOg
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Modifications: Macrocephalae lOg
tion
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g Kidneys and strengthen their storing
ano
Cortex Lycii Radicis 10-15g function.
had
Rhizoma Phragmitis 15g The recommended formula is a variation of
Yan.
Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill: and
Modifications:
Radix Rehmanniae or Radix lowe
- For severe Heat with restlessness and a
Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30g The
desire to drink large quantities of fluid,
Fructus Corni lOg prir
add raw Gypsum Fibrosum (15-30 g) Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15-30g nou
(decocted first). Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg
form
- For Qi and Yin Deficiency with shortness Fructus Lycii 15g
of breath, spontaneous sweating and Rhizoma Alismatis
lassitude, add Radix Astragali seu
Modifications:
Hedysari (10 g), Radix Codonopsis
Pilosulae (10 g) and Fructus Schisandrae If the urine is profuse and turbid, add
(2-5 g). Fructus Rubi (10 g), Semen Cuscutae
(15 g) and Ootheca Mantidis (10 g).
For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Ginseng
b. Middle diabetes
(5-10 g), Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Retention of Heat in the Stomach causes (10 g) and Rhizoma Polygonati (15 g).
constant hunger and consumes Body Fluid. For Spleen Deficiency with Dampness,
Clinical manifestations include constant remove Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex
hunger with excessive eating, an empty and Moutan Radicis and Fructus Comi from
uncomfortable sensation in the stomach, the prescription and add Radix
restlessness, thirst, profuse sweating, consti Codonopsis Pilosulae (10 g), Rhizoma
pation with dry stool, emaciation, a dry Atractylodis Macrocephalae (12g), Semen
yellow tongue coating and a rolling, rapid Dolichoris (15 g), Radix Puerariae (15 g)
pulse. and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
The treatment principle is to clear Stomach Galli(lOg).
Heat, nourish Yin and promote Body Fluids. If Yin Deficiency affects Yang, producing
The recommended formula is a variation of symptoms of urination equal to the
Jade Woman Decoction: amount drunk, lumbar soreness and cold
Radix Rehmanniae 15g limbs, add Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Radix Ophiopogonis 15g (2 - 5 g), Cortex Cinnamomi (2 - 5 g),
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12g Semen Cuscutae (15 g) and Cornu Cervi
Gypsum Fibrosum (raw) 15g (3-5 g).
Rhizoma Coptidis 3g
Radix Trichosanthis 15g
Herba Dendrobii CASE STUDY 40.28
DIABETES
Modifications:
Male, age 21
- For Stomach Fire with constipation, add
This patient presented with loss of body weight,
raw Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (10 g) at the
thirst with a desire to drink large quantities, exces
end of the decoction to reduce Fire in the
sive hunger, profuse urine, irritability, a sensation
Large Intestine.
of heat in the chest, a bitter taste and sticky sensa
tion in the mouth, lumbar soreness, a scaly skin, a
c. Lower diabetes dark purple tongue with a sticky white coating, and
a thready pulse. Examinations showed sugar in
Deficiency of Kidney Essence impairs the his urine ++++, ketone bodies positive and blood
storing function of the Kidneys. Clinical sugar 603mg/100ml.
manifestations include frequent passing of
Western diagnosis: Diabetes
profuse thick, sticky urine, a dry mouth and
tongue, thirst with excessive drinking, dizzi Treatment principle: Clear Heat, nourish the
ness, blurred vision, sore and weak lumbar Stomach, relieve thirst and promote Body Fluids.
region and knees, a red tongue and a The first formula used was a variation of Xiao Ke
thready, rapid pulse. Fang {Prescription for Diabetes) and Er Dong
The treatment principle is to nourish the Tang (Two-Tuber Decoction). After administra
Diseases in internal medicine 231
tion of five doses, the results were not satisfactory include red or purple-red skin eruptions
and the case was reviewed. Because the diabetes with a burning sensation and severe itching,
had developed to a severe stage, both the Yin and restlessness, a red tongue with thin coating,
Yang of the body were damaged; upper, middle and a superficial, rapid pulse. The
and lower forms of diabetes were all present, the symptoms are aggravated by exposure to
lower form being the most severe.
heat.
The treatment principle was therefore modified, The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind
primarily to warm the Kidneys and secondarily to and clear Heat.
nourish Lung and Stomach Yin. The following The recommended formula is:
formula was prescribed:
Herba Schizonepetae 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12 g Radix Ledebouriellae lOg
FructusCorni 10 g Fructus Arctii 10-15g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata 3g Periostracum Cicadae 2-5 g
Cortex Cinnamomi 2g Herba Menthae 2-3 g
Herba Cistanchis 10 g Flos Lonkerae lOg
Fructus Schisandrae 5g Fructus Forsythiae 10 g
Radix Adenophorae 10 9 Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g
Radix Asparagi 19 Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg
Radix Ophiopogonis 10 g
Modifications:
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Radix Trichosanthis 12 g For Heat in the Blood, with red overlap
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g ping skin eruptions, add Cortex Moutan
Herba Dendrobii 109
Radicis {10 g), Radix Scrophulariae (15 g)
After administration of 50 doses of this formula, all and Radix Lithospermi seu Arnebiae (Zi
signs and symptoms had disappeared except for a Gw) (10-20 g).
sensation of five-palm Heat. The patient was not For retention of Damp-Heat on the body
excessively thirsty and the volume of urine surface with a sticky yellow tongue
decreased, while his body weight increased.
coating, add Radix Sophorae Flavescentis
Ketone bodies were negative and sugar in the
(10 g) and Fructus Kochiae (12 g).
urine decreased to ++.
For abdominal pain and constipation,
add Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (5-10 g).
For fever and restlessness, add Gypsum
4. URTICARIA
Fibrosum (15 g) (decocted first) and
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g).
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Urticaria is an allergic skin disease marked
by weals of varying shape and size and b. Wind-Cold
intolerable itching; the weals appear and
Invasion by Wind-Cold causes disharmony
disappear from time to time.
between the Nutrient and Defensive Qi.
The causes of urticaria include deficiency of
Clinical manifestations include pale red skin
Lung and Defensive Qi complicated with
eruptions which are induced or aggravated
invasion of External Wind, disharmony
by exposure to Wind and alleviated by
between the Spleen and Stomach with
warmth, a thin, white tongue coating and a
improper diet, and Blood Heat complicated
superficial, tense pulse.
with External Wind. The primary treatment
The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind
method is to eliminate Wind while the
and disperse Cold.
secondary treatment methods include
The recommended formula is a variation of
clearing Heat, cooling Blood, dispersing
Ma Huang Gui Zhi Ge Ban Tang (Half-
Cold, resolving Dampness and, in chronic
Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig)
cases, tonifying Blood and Qi.
and ]ing Fang Bai Dw San (Schizonepeta and
Ledebouriella Powder to Overcome
DIFFERENTIATION
Pathogenic Influences):
a. Wind-Heat Herba Ephedrae 2-3 g
Wind and Heat combine to invade the Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g
muscles and skin. Clinical manifestations Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
232
Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
ty
Gynaecological disorders 41
gynaecological disorders
b. Excess-type patterns
The key signs and symptoms in diagnosing
gynaecological disorders are those relating i. Qi Stagnation
to menstruation, leucorrhoea, pregnancy Clinical manifestations include an irregular
and labour. Systemic signs and symptoms menstrual cycle, hesitant and painful
are secondary in importance and should be menstruation, pelvic inflammation, perni
disregarded if they conflict with the key cious vomiting, palpable abdominal masses
symptoms. and retarded secretion of milk.
a. Deficiency-type patterns
ii. Blood Stagnation
/. Qi Deficiency Clinical manifestations include a prolonged
Clinical manifestations include a shortened menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhoea, uterine
menstrual cycle with profuse thin, pinkish bleeding, amenorrhoea, pelvic inflamma
flow, uterine bleeding, uterine prolapse, tion, palpable abdominal masses, persistent
persistent pale lochia following childbirth purple lochia with clots and boring
and spontaneous secretion of milk after abdominal pain which is aggravated by
delivery. pressure.
H. Blood Deficiency
Hi. Phlegm-Damp
Clinical manifestations include a prolonged
Clinical manifestations include a profuse
menstrual cycle with scanty thin, pinkish
vaginal discharge, amenorrhoea, infertility,
flow, amenorrhoea, postmenstrual abdom
pernicious vomiting and oedema during
inal pain, miscarriage and insufficient lacta
pregnancy.
tion.
and quality of the flow. It includes shortened Spleen Qi Deficiency implies impairment of
cycle, prolonged cycle, irregular cycle, exces the Spleen's function of controlling Blood,
sive amount of menstrual flow, scanty flow, thus leading to a shortened menstrual cycle.
Clinical manifestations include a shortened
etc.
In differentiating menstrual patterns, the menstrual cycle with profuse thin, pinkish
cycle and amount of flow determine flow, lassitude, a pale tongue and a weak,
whether the pattern is Hot or Cold; the thready pulse.
colour and quality of the flow determine The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and
whether the pattern is one of Excess or control Blood.
Deficiency. A shortened cycle with profuse The recommended formula is a variation of
flow suggests a Heat pattern; a prolonged Tonifying the Spleen Decoction and
cycle with scanty flow suggests a Cold Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi
pattern; a deep-red thick flow suggests a Decoction:
pattern of the Excess type; and a thin pinkish Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 15-20g
flow suggests a pattern of the Deficiency Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
pulse. fo
- For abdominal pain during menstru
For Kidney Yin Deficiency, the recom TV
ation with hesitant flow, add Semen
mended formula is a variation of Zhi Bai Di Bl.
Persicae (10 g) and Herba Lycopi
Huang Wan (Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill sk
aog). Th
with Anemarrhena and Phellodendri); for
- For Stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire, add
Kidney Yang Deficiency, it is a variation of St.
Cortex Moutan Radicis (lOg) and Fructus
Ai Fu Nuan Gong Wan (Mugwort and
Gardeniae (10 g).
Prepared Aconite Pill for Warming the
Womb):
In either case, the core formula consists of:
CASE STUDY 41.1
IRREGULAR MENSTRUATION Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30 g
Fructus Corni 10 g
Female, age 32
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
This patient complained of a shortened menstrual Semen Cuscutae 15 g
cycle (two periods per month, each lasting 3-7 Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
days). The flow was scanty and purplish-red with Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
clots and she experienced abdominal distension Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g
and occasional pain. During the premenstrual
Modifications:
period, she often experienced stuffiness of the
chest, irritability and distending pain in the breasts. - For Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire, add
Her tongue was red with a yellow coating and her
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Cortex
pulse was wiry, rapid and thready.
Phellodendri (5-10g) and Cortex
Pathogenesis: Stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire. Moutan Radicis (10 g).
- For Yang Deficiency, add Cortex
Treatment principle: Clear Liver Heat and soothe
the Liver. Cinnamomi (2-3g), Radix Dipsaci
(10 g) and Folium Artemisiae Argyi
The formula used was a variation of Free and
aog).
Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia:
- For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Astragali
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10g seu Hedysari (10-15g) and Radix
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g Codonopsis Pilosulae (10 g).
Radix Bupleuri (vinegar-treated) 5g
Radix Angelicae Sinensts 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
Rhizoma Cyperi [prepare^ 10 g
2. FUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Radix Curcumae 10 g
Cortex Albiziae 15 g GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Herba Leonuri 10 g Functional uterine bleeding is treated in
Rhizoma Atractytodis Macrocephalae 10 g three stages. First, the method of astringing
Poria 10 g
and stopping bleeding is used to stop the
Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
bleeding. Then the causes are established
This prescription was taken during the and treated. Finally, if there has been a
premenstrual and menstrual periods, and the substantial loss of blood, Qi and Blood are
patient was advised to take the patent medicine tonified.
Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and
Gardenia during the rest of the month.
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
After 2 months, her menstrual cycle became
normal. a. Heat in the Blood
the Chong and Ren channels. Clinical returned to work a few days later and
manifestations include uterine haemor gynaecological examination 20 days later was
negative.
rhage or prolonged dribbling flow of
thin pinkish blood, pallor or facial
puffiness, a pale tongue and a soft, thready
pulse.
3. DYSMENORRHOEA
The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and
control Blood. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Female, age 44
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
This patient's most recent period had continued
for 20 days. Initially, the flow was purplish-red with a. Stagnation of Qi and Blood
clots, then it turned to a pinkish dribble without
Stagnation of Liver Qi due to emotional
clots. She was now presenting with a pinkish
stress leads to stagnation of Qi and Blood,
watery flow, lassitude, dull pain on the left side of
allowing Blood to be retained in the uterus.
her abdomen, a pale tongue with no coating, and
Clinical manifestations include distending
a weak, thready pulse.
lower abdominal pain in the premenstrual
Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Qi not allowing the
and menstrual periods and a scanty and
Spleen to control Blood.
hesitant flow of dark purple blood.
Treatment principle: Tonify Qi and control Blood. If Qi Stagnation predominates, there may be
Rhizoma Cyperi {prepared} 12g four children and had had two abortions. During
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g the past year, she had had a dull lower abdominal
240 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
pain before and during her menstrual periods. The secondary amenorrhoea, hypoplasia of the
pain is alleviated by warmth and pressure. Her uterus, sallow complexion, sore and weak
menstrual flow was profuse and pinkish in colour. lumbar region and knees, dizziness, tinnitus,
Other symptoms and signs included pallor, pain in the heels, lassitude, a dark-pale
dizziness, blurred vision, sore and weak lumbar tongue and a thready and weak or deep and
region and knees, lassitude and loose stool. Her
hesitant pulse.
tongue was pale and flabby with a thin, white
The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver
coating and her pulse was weak and thready.
and Kidneys, nourish Blood and regulate
Gynaecological examination revealed no
abnormality. menstruation.
In cases of Kidney Yin Deficiency, the recom
Pathogenesis: Qi and Blood Deficiency and
mended formula is a variation of Six-
Spleen and Kidney Deficiency.
Flavour Rehmannia Pill; in cases of Kidney
Treatment principle: Tonify Qi and Blood, warm Yang Deficiency, it is a variation of Restoring
and invigorate the Spleen and Kidneys. the Right Pill. In either case, the core
The formula used consisted of: formula consists of:
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (treated) 15g Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30 g
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg Fructus Corni 10-15 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g Fructus Lycii 15 g
Poria 10g Semen Cuscutae 15 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12 g Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g Radix Bidentatae 10-15 g
Fructus Amomi 3g
Modifications:
(added at end of decoction)
Rhizoma Cyperi (prepared) 10 g - For Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire, add
Rhizoma Ztngiberis (baked) 5g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Cortex
Fructus Psoraleae 10 g Moutan Radicis (10 g) and Cortex Lycii
Rhizoma Corydaiis 10 g
Radicis(lOg).
After 2 months of treatment, the volume of - For Yang Deficiency, add Herba Epimedii
menstrual flow decreased and dysmenorrhoea (lOg), Radix Aconiti Praeparata (2-5 g)
disappeared. and Cortex Cinnamomi (2-5 g).
Liver and Kidney Deficiency can result from Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
developmental insufficiency or from exces Radix Dipsaci 10g
sive childbearing or sexual activity. Clinical Herba Epimedii 10 g
manifesfations include primary or Semen Cuscutae 15 g
Gynaecological disorders 241
Rhizoma Pinelliae 10 g
c. Qi and Blood Stagnation
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5-10 g
Stagnation of Qi and Blood results from Poria lOg
Liver Qi Stagnation or retention of Cold. Rhizoma Atractylodis lOg
1. SIMPLE LEUCORRHOEA
- If Cold-Damp is severe, giving rise to
profuse, watery leucorrhoea and lower
GENERAL DESCRIPTION abdominal pain accompanied by a sensa
Disorders of vaginal discharge are marked tion of cold, add Cortex Cinnamomi (2-
by a persistent discharge of abnormal fluid 5g), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (10 g)
from the vagina, accompanied by lumbar and Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae (15 g).
soreness, dizziness and lassitude. The colour - For Damp-Heat, giving rise to a yellow,
of the discharge may be white, yellow or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, remove
red-white. Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and Radix
Leucorrhoea is a symptom of various gynae Astragali seu Hedysari from the prescrip
cological disorders, including vaginitis, tion and add Cortex Phellodendri (10 g),
cervicitis, pelvic inflammation and cervical Cortex Ailanthi (10-15 g) and Rhizoma
cancer. The causes of these disorders include Dioscoreae Septemlobae (lOg).
downward movement of Damp-Heat,
stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire that moves
down with Dampness, Spleen Deficiency b. Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
with downward movement of Turbid Damp This pattern is due to Heat in the Liver
and constitutional Kidney Deficiency which channel, which combines with Dampness
impairs the function of the Dai channel and and moves downward. Clinical manifesta
allows the downward movement of Turbid tions include a yellow-green, sticky and
Damp. smelly vaginal discharge, pruritus vulvae,
Patterns of Excess are marked by downward scanty and deep-red urine, a red tongue
movement of Damp-Heat, while Deficiency with a sticky yellow coating, and a wiry,
conditions are caused by impaired function
rolling pulse.
of the Dai channel due to Spleen and Kidney The treatment principle is to clear Liver Heat
Deficiency. and expel Dampness.
The recommended formula is a variation of
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Gentiana Draining the Liver Decoction:
a. Spleen Deficiency with downward Radix Gentianae 2-5 g
movement of Turbid Damp Cortex Phellodendri 10 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Spleen Deficiency produces Dampness,
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
which then moves downward. Clinical
Radix Bupleuri
manifestations include a thin, odourless, Caulis Akebiae g
white or slightly yellow vaginal discharge, Semen Plantaginis 10g
pallor, lassitude, reduced appetite, loose {decocted wrapped)
stools, a pale tongue with a sticky white Semen Coicis 15g
coating, and a soft or thready and soft pulse. Rhizoma Alismatis lOg
Cephalanoploris (10 g), Cortex Ailanthi the function of the Dai channel in controlling
(15 g) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra (10 g). leucorrhoea, resulting in the downward
- For pruritus vulvae, steam and wash movement of Turbid Damp. Clinical
the diseased area with a decoction manifestations include a profuse, odourless
made up of Fructus Cnidii (15-30g), vaginal discharge that looks like egg
Cortex Phellodendri (10-15g), Radix white, sore and weak lumbar region and
Sophorae Flavescentis (15 g) and Alum knees, a dark complexion and a deep
aog). thready pulse.
- For trichomonal vaginitis, grind Fructus The treatment principle is to benefit the
Cnidii and dried alum into a powder (3:1) Kidneys and astringe the discharge.
and mix with melted gelatine to make an The recommended formula is:
ointment for external application. Apply
Semen Cuscutae 15 g
once per day in the evening for 5 consecu
Fructus Rubi 10-15g
tive days. Radix Dipsaci lOg
- Or steam and wash the diseased area with Semen Euryales lOg
a decoction of Radix Stemonae (15 g), Fructus Rosae Laevigatae lOg
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis {15 g), Fructus Corni lOg
dried alum {10 g) and Folium Persicae Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 15g
Treatment principle: Clear Heat, eliminate - prepare a paste of Arsenolitum (Pi Shi),
Damp, kill fungus and relieve pruritus. alum, realgar and Resina Olibani for
The formula used consisted of: external application.
Radix Gentianae 9g
Radix Rehmanniae 12 g
Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae 15 g
Semen Arecae 9g
2. CHRONIC PELVIC INFLAMMATION
Polyporus Umbellatus 9g
Poria 9g GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Rhizoma Alismatis 9g Chronic pelvic inflammation may or may
signs and symptoms include a foul yellow Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g
vaginal discharge, irregular menstruation, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10g
shortened menstrual cycle, infertility, a dark- Semen Persicae 10g
purple tongue with a sticky yellow coating, Flos Carthami eg
and a soft, hesitant or wiry pulse. Rhizoma Sparganii 6g
The treatment principle is to clear Heat, Rhizoma Zedoariae 6g
Rhizoma Cyperi (prepared) 10g
expel Dampness, activate the Blood and
resolve Stasis. After six doses, the cyst apparently decreased in
The recommended formula is a variation of size and the patient had a painful sensation in the
Hong Teng fian (Sargentodoxa Decoction) right lower abdomen. Herba Salviae Sinensis (Shi
plus Four-Marvel Pill: Jian Chuan) (12 g) was then added to the
prescription to clear Heat, eliminate Dampness
Cauhs Sargentodoxae 15-30 g and resolve Stasis.
Herba Patriniae 15-30g
Cortex Moutan Radicis
After a further five doses, the cyst disappeared,
lOg
Flos Lonicerae 15g
but the patient still had fever (37.6'C) and
distension and dull pain in the lower right
Rhizoma Atractylodis lOg
Cortex Phellodendri abdomen, suggesting retention of residual Heat.
lOg
Semen Coicis
Flos Lonicerae (10 g), Caulis Sargentodoxae
lOg
Semen Persicae (15 g) and baked Squama Manitis (12g,
lOg
Rhizoma Corydalis decocted first) were then added to the prescription
lOg
Rhizoma Zedoariae to clear Heat and Toxins, activate Blood circulation
5-10g
and remove obstruction from the channels.
Rhizoma Cyperi 10g
Resina Olibani 2-5g After five doses of this new formula, the patient
Resina Myrrhae 2-5g had fully recovered.
Faeces Trogopterorum lOg
Modifications:
b. Stagnation of Cold and Qi
- For low-grade fever, add Carapax
Trionycis (15 g) (decocted first) and Exposure to Cold during menstruation or
Cortex Lycii Radicis (10 g). after childbirth leads to stagnation of Cold,
- For palpable masses, add Squama Qi and Blood in the uterus. Clinical manifes
Manitis (15 g) (decocted first) and tations include soreness of the lumbo-sacral
Rhizoma Sparganii (10 g). region, lower abdominal pain, a bearing-
- For constipation and distending abdom down sensation, aversion to cold, irregular
inal pain, add raw Radix et Rhizoma Rhei menstruation, prolonged menstrual cycle,
(5 -10g) and Cortex Magnoliae dysmenorrhoea, purple menstrual discharge
Officinalis(2-5g). with clots, a profuse thin, white vaginal
discharge, a pale tongue or purple spots on
the tongue and a sticky white coating.
CASE STUDY 41.8
OVARIAN CYST
The treatment principle is to warm the
channels, disperse Cold and activate Qi and
Female, age 28
Blood.
This patient complained of distending pain in the The recommended formula is a variation of
Gynaecological disorders 245
Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Drive Out Blood benefit the Kidneys, tonify Qi and Blood,
Stasis in the Lower Abdomen Decoction): clear Heat, cool Blood and protect the fetus.
The recommended formula is a variation of c. Yin Deficiency and Heat in the Blood
Shou Tai Wan (Fetus Longevity Pill):
Yin Deficiency produces internal Heat. Heat
Radix Dipsaci in the Blood disturbs the Chong and Ren
Cortex Eucommiae 10-12g
channels, causing uterine bleeding during I
Ramulus Loranthi "g F
pregnancy. Clinical manifestations include
Semen Cuscutae 15g I
loss of thick red blood during early
Rhizoma Atractylodis 12g b
pregnancy, restlessness, thirst with desire to
Macrocephalae f
Folium Artemisiae Argyi lOg
drink, scanty and yellow urine, a red tongue
/
Colla Corii Asini lOg with thin yellow coating, and a thready,
C
(melted and taken separately) rolling and rapid pulse. F
The treatment principle is to clear Heat,
Modifications: Moi
nourish Yin, cool Blood and protect the fetus.
For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Codonopsis The recommended formula is Bao Yin jian - P
Pilosulae (10 g) and Radix Astragali seu (Protect the Yin Decoction) with additions:
Hedysari (10-15 g). Radix Rehmanniae 15g
For excessive bleeding, add Radix Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g
CAS
Boehmeriae (15 g). Radix Paeoniae Alba l[)g
PEP
Colla Corii Asini lOg
{melted and taken separately) Fern
CASE STUDY 41.9
Herba Ecliptae 15g Locr
THREATENED MISCARRIAGE
Radix Dipsaci 12g but;
Female, age 30 Radix Scutellariae 10-15g her
Cortex Phellodendri 10g blee
In the 5 years since her marriage, this patient had
Radix Boehmeriae 15g little
had three miscarriages, each occurring at
Radix Sanguisorbae lOg
approximately 40 days of pregnancy. She had a purp
Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Cortex
Poria lOg
Phellodendri (10 g) and Radix Angelicae
Modifications: Sinensis (10 g).
Appendix 1:
Gu Su
GuYa
Gua L
Gin Be
Long Dan Cao Radix Gentianae Sang Bai Pi Cortex Mori Radicis
Lu Jiao jiao Colla Cornus Cervi Shan Dou Gen Radix Sophorae Subprostratae
Lu Jiao Shuang Cornu Cervi Degelatinatium Shan Yao Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Lu Rang Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Shan Zha Fructus Crataegi
Appendix 2:
Latin names of herbs
with Pin Yin equivalents
Acanthopanacis Radicis, Cortex Wu Jia Pi Belamcandae, Rhizoma She Gan
Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Niu Xi Benincasae, Semen Dong Gua Zi
Aconiti, Radix Wu Tou Biotae, Cacumen Ce Bai Ye
Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Zhi Shi Cordyceps Dong Chong Xie Cao :
3ambusae, Caulis ZhuRu Corydalis, Rhizoma Yan Hu Suo
Sepiae, Os Wu Zei Gu
Siegesbeckiae, Herba Xi Xian Cao
Sinapis Albae, Semen Bai Jie Zi
Smilacis Glabrae, Rhizoma Tu Fu Ling
Solani Nigri, Herba Long Kui
Sophorae, Flos Huai Hua
258
Appendix 3:
Pin Yin names offormulae
with English equivalents
An Gong Niu Huang Wan Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang
Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-tenths Decoction
Ba Zhen Tang Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Eight-Precious Decoction Tonifying the Middle and Benefitting Qi Decoction
Ba Zheng San Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan
Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification Atractylodes and Cyperi Pill to Eliminate Phlegm
Bai He Gu Jin Tang Chai Ge fie Ji Tang
Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to Release the Muscle
Bai Hu Cheng Qi Tang Layer
White Tiger Decoction for Ordering the Qi Chai Hu Shu Gan Tang
Bai Hu Jia Cang Zhu Tang Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
White Tiger Decoction with Atractylodis Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San
Bai Hu Jia GuiZhi Tang Ligusticum-Green Tea Regulating Powder
White Tiger Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction Ci Zhu Wan
Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill
White Tiger plus Ginseng Decoction
Cong Bai Qi Wei Yin
Bai Hu Tang Scallion Decoction with Seven Ingredients
White Tiger Decoction
Cong Chi Tang
Bai Tou Weng Tang Scallion and Prepared Soybean Decoction
Pulsatilla Decoction
Cong Chi Jie Geng Tang
Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang Scallion and Prepared Soybean Decoction with
Pinellia-Atractylodes-Gastrod ia Decoction Platycodon
Zhcn Wu Tang
True Warrior Decoction
ZhiZhu Wan
Aurantia Immaturus-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Pill
Zhu YeShiGaoTang
Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction
Zi Xue Dan
Purple Snow Special Pill
Appendix 4:
Cinn
Kern
C
Citru
Cleai
Q
Clear
Agastache Upright Qi Powder Balancing the Stomach Powder Q
Huo Xiaug Zheng Qi San Ping Wei An
Clear
Angelica and Peony Powder Belamcanda and Ephedrae Decoction Q
Dang Gui Shao Yao San She Gan Ma Huang Tang
Clear
Angelica Decoction to Tonify the Blood Benefit the River Decoction
Q-
Dang Gui Bit Xue Tang ji Oman Jian
Clear
Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction Benefiting the Stomach Decoction
Q*
Dang Gui Si Ni Tang Yi Wei Tang
Clovt
Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction with Evodia and Black Free and Relaxed Powder Dt
Ginger Hei Xiao Yao San
Dang Gui Si Ni Wit Zhu Yu Sheng Jiang Tang Coix i
Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Decoction Y.
Angelica, Peony and Rehmannia Decoction Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
Gui Shao Di Huang Tang Copt;
Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to Release the Muscle Hi
Angelica Pubescens-Loranthus Decoction Layer
Du Huo fi Sht'ng Tang Cypei
Chat Ge fie }i Tang
Xi.
Angelica Strengthening the Middle Decoction Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
Dang Gui Jiati /.hong Tung Dang
Chai Hit Shu Gan Tang
Da
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone
Ling ]iao Gou Teng Tang Dang
An Gong Niu Huang Wan
Dii
Arrest Seizures Pill Calm the Stomach with Poria Powder
Ding Xian Wan Decoc
Wei Ling San
Hi
Arrest Wheezing Decoction Cattle Gallstone Pill to Clear the Heart
Ding Oman Tang Descu
Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan
Tit.
Artemisia Annua and Soft-shelled Turtle Shell Decoction Cephalanoplos Decoction
Qing Hao Bie }ia Tang Xiao )i Yin Zi Diosct
Bet
Artemisia Yinchenhao Decoction Change Yellow (Discharge) Decoction
Yin Chen Hao Tang Drain
Yi Huang Tang
Xie
Ass-Hide Gelatin and Egg Yolk Decoction Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes
E [iao ji Zi Huang Tang Drive t
Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan
Ge
Ass-Hide Gelatin and Mugwort Decoction Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction
Iiao Ai Tung Drive <
Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang
Sha
Astragalus Decoction to Construct the Middle Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit
Huang Qi juin Zhang Tang Zhu Slia An Shen Wan Fight-I
Ba.
Atractylodes and Cyperi Pill to Eliminate Phlegm Cinnamon Twig Decoctioin
ding Fu Duo Tun Wan Gui Zhi Tang Eight-!
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Magnolia Bark and Apricot Eliminating Redness Powder
Kernel Duo Chi San
Gin ZhiI in Hou Po Xing Zi Tang
Elsholtzia Decoction
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepared Aconite Xin tig Rn Yin
Gin Zhi Fit Zi Tang
End Discharge Decoction
Citrus Aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Pill Wan Dai Tnng
Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan
Ephedra Decoction
Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Decoction Ma Huang Tang
Qing Wen Bui Du Yin
Ephedra, Asarum and Prepared Aconite Decoction
Clear Summerheat and Augment the Qi Decoction
Ma Huang Fit Zi Xi Xin Tang
Qing Shu Yi Qi Tung
Ephedra-Prunus-Gypsum-Glycyrrhiza Decoction
Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction
Ma Xing Sin Can Tang
Qing Ying Tang
Evodia Decoction
Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm Decoction
Wit Zhu Yu Tang
Qing Qi Hun Tan Wan
Expelling Whiteness Powder
Clearing the Stomach Powder
Xk' Bai San
Qmg Wei Snn
Five-Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate Toxin
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
Wit Wei Xiao Du Yin
Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
Five Juice Decoction
Coix Decoction
Wu Zhi Yin
Yi Yi Ren Tang
Five Ingredient Powder with Poria
Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity
Wu Ling San
Huang Linn ]ie Dn Tang
Five-Peel Powder
Cyperus and Perilla Leaf Powder
Wit Pi San
Xiang Su Snn
Drive Out Blood Stasis Below the Diaphragm Decoction Four Rebellious Decoction with Ginseng
Ge Xia Zliu Yu Tang Si Ni lia Ren Shen Tang
Drive Out Blood Stasis in the Lower Abdomen Decoction Four Rebellious Restore Collapsed Yang Decoction
Shao Fit '/.hit Yu I'ang Si Ni )ih ji Tang
Eliminating Phlegm Decoction Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia
Dao Tan Tang Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San
266 Appendices Appendices
Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Decoction
Zhi Zi Dou Chi Tang Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang
Great Tonify the Yin Pill Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal
Da Bu Yin Wan Bai He Gu Jin Tang
Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill Lycium Fruit, Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill
Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan Qi ju Di Huang Wan
Hidden Tiger Pill Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the Middle
Hu Qian Wan Hou Po Wen Zhong Tang
Major Sinking into the Chest Decoction Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction
Da Xian Xiong Tang Ban Xia Hou Po Tang
Nourish the Yin and Clear the Lungs Decoction Reed Decoction
Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang Wei Jing Tang
Oyster Shell Powder Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction
Mm Li San Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang
Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind Decoction Regulating the Middle Decoction
Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang Li Zhong Wan
Revive Health by Invigorating the Blood Decoction Strengthening the Spleen Decoction
Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang Shi Pi Yin
Salvia Decoction
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin
Dan Shen Yin
Can Lu Xiao Du Dan
Sargentodoxa Decoction
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving Decoction
Hong Teng jian
ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
Scallion and Prepared Soybean Decoction Ten-jujube Decoction
Cong Chi Tang
Shi Zao Tang
Yang-Heartening Decoction
Yang He Tang
Appendix 5:
Artet
Yi
Fnictus Gardeniae
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Radix Rehmanniae
Benefiting the Stomach Decoction
Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to Release the Muscle Layer Herba Cephalanoploris
Chai Ge lie ]i Tang Talcum
Radix Bupleuri Caulis Akebiae
Radix Puerariae Pollen Typhae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis
Radix Scutellariae Herba Lophatheri Cinn;
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii Radix Angelicae Sinensis Kern*
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae Fructus Gardeniae Gi
Radix Paeoniae Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Platycodi
Change Yellow [Discharge] Decoction
Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction Yi Huang Tang
Chai Hit Shu Can Tang Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Semen Euryales
Radix Bupleuri Cortex Phellodendri
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Semen Plantaginis
Rhizoma Cyperi Semen Ginkgo Cinna
Fructus Aurantii
Gu
Radix Paeoniae Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone Radix Scutellariae
An Gong Nin Hang Wan Chlorite-schist
Folium Artemisiae Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum
Rhizoma Cyperi
Fructus Evodiae Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction Citrus
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang Zhi
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Puerariae
Radix Dipsaci Radix Paeoniae
Radix Rehmanniae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Cortex Cinnamomi
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit
Zhu Sha An Shen Wan
Calm the Stomach with Poria Powder Cinnabaris
Wei Ling San
Rhizoma Coptidis Clear I
Polyporas Umbellatus Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Qin
Rhizoma Alismatis Radix Rehmanniae
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Poria
Ramulus Cinnamomi Cinnamon Twig Decoction
Rhizoma Atractylodis CuiZhiTang
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Ramulus Cinnamomi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Radix Paeoniae
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepared Aconite Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm Pill
Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Decoction Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
Qing Wen Bai Du Yin Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
Gypsum Fibrosum Flos Caryophylli
Cornu Rhinoceri Asiarici Calyx Kaki
Rhizoma Coptidis Radix Ginseng
Fructus Gardeniae Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Platycodi
Radix Scutellariae Coix Decoction
Rhizoma Anemairhenae Yi Yi Ren Tang
Radix Paeoniae Rubra Semen Coicis
Radix Scrophulariae Rhizoma Atractylodis
Radix Scutellariae
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Cortex Phellodendri
Cortex Cinnamomi
Fructus Gardeniae
Fructus Foeniculi
Cyperus and Perilla Leaf Powder Rhizoma Zingiberis Praeparata
Xiang Su San Pollen Typhae
End
Rhizoma Cyperi Faeces Trogopterorum
Folium Perillae Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Resina Myrrhae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Rhizoma Corydalis
Rhizoma AlpiniaeOfficinalis
Four Rebellious Decoction Rhizoma Cyperi
SiNi Tang
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction
Rhizoma Zingiberis Zhi Zi Don Chi Tang
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Fructus Gardeniae
Semen Sojae Praeparata
Four Rebellious Decoction with Ginseng
Si Ni jia Ren Shot Tang
Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Ginset
Yue Jit Wan
Rhizoma Zingiberis Ret
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Cyperi
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Four Substance Decoction Ginsei
Fructus Gardeniae
Si Wu Tang Rer,
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Tian Ma Cou Tcng Yin
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis
Concha Haliotidis
Four-Valiant Decoction for Weil-Being
Fructus Gardeniae
Si Miao Yong An Tang
Radix Scutellariae
Flos Lonicerae
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Radix Scrophulariae
Cortex Eucommiae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Herba Leonuri
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Ramulus Loranthi
Caulis Polygoni Multiflori
Free and Relaxed Powder
Poria cum Ligno Hospite (Cinnabam coaled) Ginser
Xiao Ytw San
Radix Bupleuri Ren
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Fructus Schisandrae
Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia Generation and Transformation Decoction
Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San Sheng liua Tang
Cortex Moutan Radicis Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Fructus Gardeniae Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Radix Bupleuri Semen Persicae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Rhizoma Zingiberis Glehni
Radix Paeoniae Alba Radix Glycyrrhizae Ska
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae I
Poria Gentian Draining the Liver Decoction I
Licorice, Wheat and Jujube Decoction Lycium Fruit, Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill
Can Mai Da Zao Tang Qi Ju Di Huang Wan
Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Wheat Fructus Corni
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Rhizoma Alismatis
Lift the Source decoction Poria
Ju Yuan ]ian Cortex Moutan Radicis
Radix Ginseng Fructus Lycii
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Flos Chrysanthemi
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Rhizoma Cimicifugae Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Ci Zhu YJan
Magnetitum
Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal
Cinnabaris
Bai He Gu Jin Tang
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Radix Rehmanniae
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the Middle
Radix Ophiopogonis
Hou Po Weng Zhong Tang
Bulbus Lilii
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Bulbus Fritillariae
Poria
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai
Radix Scrophulariae
Radix Aucklandiae
Radix Plarycodi
Rhizoma Zingiberis
Linking Decoction
Yi Guan jian Major Arrest Wind Pearl
Radix Glehniae Da Ding Feng Zhu
Radix Ophiopogonis Radix Paeoniae Alba
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Colla Corii Asini
Radix Rehmanniae Plastrum Testudinis
Fructus Lycii Radix Rehmanniae
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Fructus Cannabis
Fructus Schisandrae
Lophatheri-Tamarix-Arctii Decoction Concha Ostreae
Zhu Ye Liu Bang Tang Radix Ophiopogonis
Cacumen Tamaricis Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
280 Appendices Appendices
Panax-Aconitum Decoction
Sheii Fu Tang
Pinellia and Magnolia Bark DecocHon
Ban Xia Hou Po Tang
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
282 Appendices Appendices
Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang Preserving and Harmonizing Pill Tia.
Decoction Talcum
Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang Magnetitum
Renew
Poria Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici
Zai
Ramulus Cinnamomi Cornu Antelopis
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Aristolochiae
Semen Coicis
Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Semen Benincasae
Frucrus Lycii
Semen Persicae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Poria
Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction
Fructus Corni
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Restoring the Left Pill
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Zuo Gui Wan
Natrii Sulfas
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Regulating the Middle Pill Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Li Zhong Wan Fructus Lycii
Frucrus Corni
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Zingiberis Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Semen Cuscutae
Colla Cornus Cervi
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Plastrum Testudinis
Rehmannia Decoction
Di Huang Yin Zi Restoring the Right Fill
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata You Gui Wan
Rhizoma Alismatis C
Poria Spring Onion and Prepared Soybean Decoction r
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin Three-Substance Pill for Emergencies
San Wu Bei fi Wan Tricho
Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan
Gw
Talcum Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Rhizoma Zingiberis
Radix Scutellariae Frucrus Crotonis
Rhizoma Acori Graminei
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-Tenths Decoction
Caulis Akebiae Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang
True h
Herba Agastachis Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Ziu
Rhizoma Belamcandae
Fructus Forsythiae Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Herba Menthae Lumbricus
Semen Amomi Cardamomi Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Flos Carthami
Semen Persicae
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving Decoction
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Tonifying the Lung Decoction with Ass-Hide Gelatin
Bu Fa E Jiao Tang
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Colla Corii Asini
Frucrus Arcrii
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
TrueV*
Radix Ginseng Fructus Aristolochiae
Zhe
Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Ten-Jujube Decoction Glutinous rice (Nuo Mi)
Shi Zao Tang
Flos Genkwa Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi Decoction
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui
Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Ginseng Turtle r
Ten Partially-charred Substance Powder Bie
Shi Hid San Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Herba Cephalanoploris
Folium Nelumbinis Radix Bupleuri
Cacumen Biotae Rhizoma Arractylodis Macrocephalae
Rhizoma Imperatae
Radix Rubiae Tonifying the Spleen Decoction
Gui Pi Tang
Fructus Gardeniae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Poria cum Ligno Hospite
Appendix 5; Formulae and constituent herbs 287
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Radix Ophiopogonis
Gypsum Fibrosum
Warm the Spleen Decoction Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Wen Pi Tang Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rice (Geng Mi)
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
White Tiger Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction
Rhizoma Zingiberis
Bai Hu Jia Gui Zhi Tang
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Gypsum Fibrosum
Warming the Gall Bladder Decoction
Rice (Geng Mi)
Wen Dan Tang
Ramuius Cinnamomi
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Yellow Dragon Decoction
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Huang Long Tang
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Narrii Sulfas
Poria
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Water and Earth Immortals Special Pill Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Shui Lu Er Xian Dan Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ginseng
Semen Euryales
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae
Adenu
White Tiger Decoction
Yellow Earth Decoction
Huang Tu Tang Agastt'
BaiHu Tang
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Gypsum Fibrosum
Radix Rehmanniae Agkiti
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Agrim.
Rice (Geng Mi)
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Colla Corii Asini
Ailan t
Radix. Scutellariae
White Tiger Decoction for Ordering the Qi
Terra Flava Usta
Bai Hu Cheng Qi Tang Akebir*
Gypsum Fibrosum AJbizi.
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (raw)
Yong Quan Powder to Promote Lactation
Xia Ru Yong Quan San Allii M
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Alpinit
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Narrii Sulfas Exsiccatus
Radix Rehmanniae
Old rice (Chen Cang Mi) Alpini.
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Radix Bupleuri
White Tiger Decoction with Atractylodis Alumt
Bai Hu Jia Cang Zhu Tang Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride Amer.i
Radix Trichosanthis
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae cas.'
Index
Cardomomi Rotundi, Semen, 47 Cold dispersal, formulae, 130-131 comparisons, 156-158 ca-
Carthami, Flos (Hong Hua), 34-35, Cold-Damp, spleen, diarrhoea/ prescription formulation chi
85,87 dysentery, 195-196 guidelines, 152,156
Caryophilli, Flos (Ding Xiang), 27, Colitis, chronic, 198-199 warming formulae, 154-155
28, 82, 83 Colpomycosis, 243 Delivery, disorders, 245-250 Epiler
Cassiae Common cold, 181-182 Epim.
Dendrobii, Herba (Shi Hu), 41, 44,
Folium (Fan Xie Ye), 14 case study, 181-182 73,79
Semen (Jue Ming Zi), 9,10 differentiation and treatment, Diabetes, 229-231 Eriobt
Central Qi, 99,101-102 181-182 case study, 230-231 Esser.
Cephalanoploris, Herba (Xiao Ji), Constipation, 202 lower, 230 Euco-
31,33,86,87 Coptidis, Rhizoma (Huang Lian), middle, 230
Cerebral embolism, 221 9,59,60,61,67-68,79 upper, 229-230
Cerebral thrombosis, 221 Cordyceps (Dong Chong Xia Cao), Diarrhoea, 101,195-199
Cerebrovascular spasm, 221 43, 45, 46 Eupr:
astringent formulae, 176
Cervi Corii Asini, Colla (E Jiao), 41,44, case studies, 197-199
Colla Cornus (Lu Jiao Jiao), 42, 86,87 Digestion, 100 Eup:
45 Corneum Gigeriae Galli, promotion, 15, 63-64
Cornu (Lu Jiao), 42, 45, 80 Endothelium (Ji Nei Jin), 15, Eupi'--
formulae, 172-173
Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu (Lu 68 Digestive system, diseases,
Rong), 42,45, 76 Corni, Fructus (Shan Zhu Yu), 41, Eur>v;
191-202
Chaenomelis, Fructus (Mu Gua), 44,49, 78 Dioscoreae, Rhizoma (Shan Yao),
21,65 Coronary heart disease, 202-204 Evod.
39-40, 44, 77
Chebulae, Fructus (He Zi), 47, 48 case study, 203-204 Dioscoreae Septemlobae, Rhizoma
Chinensis, Galla (Wu Bei Zi), 47,48 Corydalis, Rhizoma (Yan Hu Suo), Exter
(Bi Xie), 25, 69
Cholecystitis, 200-202 29-30, 84 Dipsaci, Radix (Xu Duan), 43,45,
case study, 201 Coughing, 18-19,92, 93-94 Extern
80
Cholelithiasis, 200-220 chronic tracheitis, 187 Diuretics, 108,109 dii
case study, 201 tracheitis and pneumonia, formulae, 154
Chrysanthemi, Flos (Ju Hua), 5, 6, 185-187 for-
Dizziness/vertigo, 218-220
54, 60, 72, 79 Crataegi, Fructus (Shan Zha), 15, case study, 218-219
Chyluria, 226-228 64 Dolichoris, Semen (Bian Dou),
case study, 226-227 Crinis Carbonisatus (Xue Yu Tan), 39-40, 44, 55
Cibotii, Rhizoma (Gou Ji), 21,22 32,33 Draconis, Os (Long Gu), 36, 38, 74 pur
Cicadae, Periostrachum (Chan Curcuiiginis, Rhizoma (Xian Mao), Drynariae, Rhizoma (Gu Sui Bu), pur
Empty Fire, Yin deficiency, 194 Fraxini, Cortex (Qin Pi), 9,11,61 nutritive level, Summer Heat
Encephalitis B, epidemic, 183-185 Fritillariae, Bulbus (Bei Mu), 17,58 invasion, 184
case study, 184-185 60, 70-71 orifices, opening, 96
sequelae, 185
soothing, 95-96
stages and treatment, 183-185 Galactorrhoea, 250
Enuresis, 108,110 mind calming formulae, 169
Galactostasis, 249 Heart Blood, 95, 96-97
astringent formulae, 176 Gall bladder
stagnation, palpitation, 206
Ephedrae common herbs, 105-106 Heart Fire, 95
Herba (Ma Huang), 3,19,53, 54 Damp-Heat, 105-106, 201 Heart Qi, 95, 96-97
56,57 Heat clearance, 105,106 Heart and spleen deficiency,
Radix (Ma Huang Gen), 47, 48, herb interactions /combinations,
81
palpitation, 205
106 Heart Yang, 95,96
Epigastric pain, 191-195 Gardeniae, Fructus (Zhi Zi), 9,10,
acute, 192
deficiency, palpitation,
59, 60, 68 206-207
case studies, 192,194 Gastritis, chronic, 193 Heart Yin, 95,96-97
chronic, 192-195 Gastrodiae, Rhizoma (Tian Ma), Heat
differentiation and treatment, 37,38, 70, 72, 73 and Blood, 12-13
192-195 Gecko (Ge Jie), 43, 45,46, 75, 76
Epilepsy, 223-224 and Fire, 8-12,58-62
Gentianae, Radix (Long Dan Cao), and Fire Poison, clearance
Epimedii, Herba (Yin Yang Huo), 9,10, 59-60, 73 formulae, 125-126
43,45,80 Gentianae Macrophyllae, Radix nutritive level, clearance
Eriobotryae, Folium (Pi Pa Ye), 18 (Qin Jiu), 20, 62, 65,66 formulae, 125
Essence, astringent formulae, 176 Ginger, Baked (Pao Jiang), 27,28, in organs, clearance formulae,
Eucommiae, Cortex (Du Zhong), 32, 33, 83, 86, 87 126-127
43, 45, 73,80 see also Zingiberis, Rhizoma Qi level, clearance formulae,
Eupatorii, Herba (Pei Lan), 23,24, (Gan Jiang) 124-125
67
Ginko, Semen (Bai Guo), 19,56, 57 Heat clearance
Euphorbiae Kansui, Radix (Gan Ginseng, Radix (Ren Shen), 39,44
Sui), 71
combination therapies, 58-62
75-76, 78 formulae, 124-129
Euphorbiae Pekinensis, Radix (Da Ginseng Alba, Radix (Bai Shen), 39 comparisons, 128-129
Ji), 71 Ginseng Rubra, Radix (Hong phlegm eliminating formulae,
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga (Di Shen), 39 159-160
BieChong),35,63 Glehniae, Radix (Bai Sha Shen), 41, prescription formulation
Euryales, Semen (Qian Shi), 48, 44,79
80-81
guidelines, 124,127-128
Glycyrrhizae, Radix (Gan Cao), 40, Hedyotis Diffusae, Herba (Bai Hua
Evodiae, Fructus (Wu Zhu Yu), 27, 44, 68, 74, 78
She She Cao), 12
28,59,61,82 Granati, Pericarpum (Shi Liu Pi) Hepatitis
Exterior consolidation, formulae 48
case study, 199-200
175-176 Gynaecological disorders, viral, 199-200
Exterior Release 233-251
Hippocampus (Hai Ma), 43, 45
disease resistance strengthening, Cold patterns, 234 Hirudo (Shui Zhi), 35
115-116
deficiency-type patterns, 233 Hoarseness, case study, 191
formulae, 113-115 differentiation, 233-234 Hominis, Placenta (Zi He Che), 45
comparisons, 117-118 excess-type patterns, 233 46
prescription formulation Heat patterns, 233 Hordei Germinarus, Fructus (Mai
guidelines, 113,116-117 Gypsum Fibrosum (Shi Gao), 8, 9, Ya), 15, 64
pungent/cool herbs, 114-115 54, 58,67,68
Houttuyniae, Herba (Yu Xing
pungent/warm herbs, 113-114
Cao), 11
Haematitum (Dai Zhe Shi), 37, 38, Hyperacidity, 100-101
Facial paralysis, 220-221 73
Hypertension, 218-219
Farfarae, Eos (Kuan Dong Hua), Haemorrhoids, 31
17,18,55
Hypokalaemia, 215-216
Haliotidis, Concha (Shi Jue Ming),
Filariasis, 226 37, 38, 72, 73
Imperatae, Rhizoma (Bai Mao
Fire, and Heat, 8-12 Halloysitum Rubrum (Chi Shi Gen), 86, 87
Fire Poison, 10-12 Zhi), 33,47,48
Impotence, 210-212
clearance formulae, 125-126 Headache, 216-218 case study, 211
Foeniculi, Fructus (Xiao Hi Xiang) case study, 216-217
27,28
Indigo Naruralis (Qing Dai), 9,11,
pathogenic Wind invasion, 61
Food retention, 195 216-217
Infertility, 210-212
Food stagnation, reducing Heart, 95-98
Interior warming, 26-27,28,
formulae, 172-174 common herbs, 95-96 82-84
comparisons, 173-174
deficiency/excess conditions, channel warming/cold dispersal
and digestion promotion, 97-98 formulae, 132
172-173
herb interactions/combinations, formulae, 130-134
guidelines, 172-173 96-98 comparisons, 133-134
Forsythiae, Fructus (Lian Qiao), 9 nourishing, mind calming prescription formulation
10,60 formulae, 169-170
guidelines, 130,132-133
292 Index
Intestines, 99-103
herb interactions /combinations
astringent formulae, 176
106
Magnoliae Officinalis, Cortex (Hou
astringents, 101
stomach disharmony, 192-193
Po), 23, 24,55, 61, 67-68
common herbs, 99-101 Manitis, Squama (Chuan Shan Jia)
warming herbs, 105,106,107 35
Damp-Heat clearance, 101,103 Liver Blood
herb interactions /combinations Mantidis, Ootheca (Sang Piao
accumulation, 105
101-103 Xiao), 48
deficiency, 105
Inulae, Flos (Xuan Fu Hua) 16 17 Margarita (Zhen Zhu), 37
stasis, 105
84 ' ' Liver Fire
Margaritifera Usta, Concha (Zhen
Isatidis Zhu Mu), 37, 38
clearance, 104, 106
Folium (Da Qing Ye), 9,11, 60
lung invasion, 187
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Radix, (Ban Lan Gen), 9, 11, 60 (ShenQu), 15,64
Liver Heat, clearance, 104,106 Mel (Feng Mi), 40,44
Liver and Kidney deficiency
Jaundice, Damp-Heat retention Melancholia, case study, 225-226
dizziness/vertigo, 220
199 Meliae Toosendam, Fructus
effects, 215
Joints, painful, 212-214 (Chuan Lian Zi), 29-30, 84
Liver Qi, stagnation, and spleen
Juglandis, Semen (Hu Tao Rou) Menopausal syndromes, 250-251
deficiency, 200
43,45, 46, 75, 76 case study, 251
Liver Wind, 37-38
Menstrual disorders, 234-242
calming herbs, 104, 106
Kaki, Calyx (Shi Di), 83 Menstruation, irregular, 234-236
Liver Yang, hyperactive, 104,106
Kidney deficiency case study, 236
Liver Yang Rising
and Damp-Heat retention, Menstrual cycle
dizziness and vertigo, 218
nephritis, 208-209 irregular, 235-236
headache, 217
Phlegm and blood stagnation prolonged, 235
Liver Yin
214 shortened, 234-235
deficiency, 200
urinary tract infection/lithiasis Menthae, Herba (Bo He), 5, 54 Para!
nourishment, 104,106
210 Meretricis seu Cyclinae, Concha
Lochia, persistent, 246-248 Pan
Kidney Fire, empty, clearance, blood stagnation, 247
powder (Ge Fen Colla Patnn
109 Corii), 61, 86, 87
case studies, 247-248
Kidney Yang, tonification, 108 109 Middle Burner
no
Heat in the blood, 248 deficiency, 193
Qi deficiency, 246-247
Kidney Yin warming formulae, 130-131
Lonicerae Peri;
deficiency, 200 Mind calming formulae, 169-171
Caulis (Ren Dong Teng), 10 Fo:
tonifications, 108, 109, 110 comparisons, 170-171
Flos (Jin Yin Hua), 9, 10, 60 Fr s
Kidneys guidelines, 169, 170
Lophatheri, Herba (Dan Zhu Ye) Persic
common herbs, 108, 109 8, 9, 68
heart nourishing, 169-170
herb interactions/combinations heart soothing, 169
Loranthi, Ramulus (Sang Ji Shene)
109-110 Mind calming herbs, 26 72-74
22,65,66,73,80 95-96
Lumbricus (Di Long), 38, 56, 57 Phe1'
Lactation disorders, 249-250 Lung Heat
Ming Men Fire decline, 211
Laminariae, Thallus (Kun Bu) 17 Miscarriage
clearance, 91, 93 Phh,-
18, 60, 71 habitual, 245-246
consuming body fluids, 214 eh;
Ledebouriellae, Radix (Fane Fene) threatened, 245-246
Lung Qi, 92, 93
4, 6, 53, 65, 77 ' Lung Yin, 92, 93
case study, 246
Leonuri, Herba (Yi Mu Cao) 34 Mori
Lungs, 91-94
35, 85, 87 Folium, (Sang Ye), 5, 6, 54
astringents, 92, 93
Lepidii seu Descurainiae, Semen Ramulus (Sang Zhi), 21, 65
descending function, 91-92, 94
(Ting Li Zi), 18-19,56 Mori Radici, Cortex (Sang Bai Pi)
dispersing function, 91
Leucocytopenia, 228-229 18,19,56
Leucorrhoea, 242-245 herb interactions/combinations Morindae Officinalis, Radix (Ba Ji
93-94
astringent formulae, 176-177 Tian), 42-43, 45
Liver-Fire invasion, 187
case study, 243 Moutan Radicis, Cortex (Mu Dan
moistening, 91, 93
simple, 242-243 Pi), 12,60,63
phlegm and fluid retention, 187 Mume
turj
Ligustici Chuanxiong, Rhizoma purgation, 91
(Chuan Xiong), 21, 29, 33 Flos (Lu E Mei), 29, 30
warming, 92, 93, 94
35, 85, 86, 87 Fructus (Wu Mei), 47
Lycii, Fructus (Gou Qi Zi) 41 44
Ligustici Sinensis, Rhizoma et Myristicae, Semen (Rou Dou Kou)
49, 72, 73, 79 ' ' 47, 48, 80
Radix, 6
Lycii Radicis, Cortex (Di Gu Pi) Phleg,.
Ligustri Lucidi, Fructus (Nu Zhen Myrrhae, Resina (Mo Yao), 34 35 Phleg
13,62
Zi), 41, 44, 79 85-86, 87
Lycopi, Herba (Ze Lan), 85, 87 Phlei;
Linderae, Radix (Wu Yao) 29 69
80 ' ' Lygodii, Spora (Hai Jin Sha), 24,25
Natrii Sulfas (Mang Xiao), 14, 63 Phragr
Liver Melumbinis, Semen (Lian Zi),' 48
Lysimachiae, Herba (Jin Qian Cao) Phyllo
calming herbs, 37-38
24, 25, 68
NelumbinisRhizomatis, Nodus
common herbs, 104-106 (Oujie),31,32,33 Pinell
Damp-Heat, 201 Nephritis, 207-209
Magnetitum (Ci Shi), 36, 38, 74
harmonizing herbs, 105,106 case study, 208
Magnoliae, Flos (Xin Yi Hua), 4, 5 Pi pen.
Neurasthenia, 225-226
Index 293
Notoginseng, Radix (San Qi), 32, Plantaginis, Semen (Che Qian Zi), Raphani, Semen, (Lai Fu Zi), 15, 71
33,87 24,68 Rehmanniae, Radix (Sheng Di
Notopterygii, Rhizoma seu Radix Platycodi, Radix (Jie Geng), 16-17, Huang), 12,13, 59-60, 61,
(Qiang Huo), 4, 5, 6, 20, 21, 55,84 64, 65, 68, 72, 79
65 Pneumonia, 185-187 Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix
case study, 186-187 (Shu Di), 13, 41, 44, 75, 76,
Olibani, Resina (Ru Xiang), 34, 35, Polygalae, Radix (Yuan Zhi), 36, 38 78,79
85-86, 87 Polygonati, Rhizoma (Huang Jing), Respiratory diseases, 181-191
Ophiophogonis, Radix (Mai 41,44 Rhei, Radix et Rhizoma (Da
Dong), 41, 44, 75, 76, 79,81 Polygonati, Odorati, Rhizoma (Yu Huang), 14,60,63-64,82,
Oryzae Germinatus, Fructus (Gu Zhu), 41,44 83
Ya), 15, 64 Polygoni Cuspidati, Rhizoma (Hu Rheumatoid arthritis, acute,
Ostreae, Concha (Mu Li), 37,38, Zhang), 34,35, 68 213-214
48, 49, 72, 73,74, 77 Polygoni Multiflori, Radix (He Rhinoceri Asiatici, Cornu (Xi Jiao),
Ovarian cyst, case study, 244 Shou Wu), 41, 44, 75, 76 12,61
Poria (Fu Ling), 24, 68, 69, 76 Rosae Laevigatae, Fructus (Jin
Paeoniae Alba, Radix (Bai Shao), 3 Portulacae, Herba (Ma Chi Xian), YingZi), 48, 80-81
40,44,53, 59,65, 72, 78,81 9,11 Rosae Rugosae, Flos (Mei Gui
Paeoniae Rubra, Radix (Chi Shao), Postpartum urinary disorders, Hua), 29,30
12 248-249 Rubi, Fructus (Fu Pen Zi), 48-49
Palpitation, 205-207 Pregnancy disorders, 245-250 Rubiae, Radix (Qian Cao), 32, 33
case study, 206 Prunellae, Spica (Xia Ku Cao), 9,
Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix (Xi 10,60 Saccharum Granorum (Yi Tang),
Yang Shen), 39,44 Pruni, Semen (Yu Li Ren), 14, 64 40,44
Paralysis, 214-216 Pseudostellariae, Radix (Tai Zi Salviae Multiorrhizae, Radix (Dan
Paridis, Rhizoma (Zoa Xiu), 11 Shen), 39,44 Shen), 33,35, 86,87
Patriniae, Herba (Bai Jiang Cao), Psoraleae, Fructus (Bu Gu Zhi), 43, Sanguisorbae, Radix (Di Yu), 31,
12-13, 60 45,80 33, 86, 87
Pelvic inflammation, chronic, Puerariae, Radix (Ge Gen), 6, 54, 55 Santali, Lignum (Tang Ziang), 86,
243-245 Pulsatillae, Radix (Bai Tou Weng), 87
Perillae 11,60-61 Sargassum (Hai Zao), 17,18,60, 71
Folium (Zi Su Ye), 4 Purgatives, 14,63-64, 101 Sargentodoxae, Caulis (Hong
Fructus (Su Zi), 17,18, 55-56, 71 cold, formulae, 119-120 Teng), 12-13,60
Persicae, Semen (Tao Ren), 34-35, formulae, 119-123 Schisandrae, Fructus (Wu Wei Zi),
63,85, 87 comparisons, 122-123 47,48, 75, 76,83
Peucedani, Radix (Qian Hu), and continuous tonification, Schizonepetae, Herba (Jing Jie), 4,
16-17,55,56 121 53,54
Phellodendri, Cortex (Huang Bai), for excess water, 120-121 Sciatica, 212-213
9,58,59, 67,80 moist, formulae, 120 Scolopendra (Wu Gong), 38,65, 72
Phlegm prescription formulation Scorpio (Quan Xie), 38, 72
eliminating formulae, 159-164 guidelines, 119,121-122 Scrophulariae, Radix (Xuan Shen),
comparisons, 162-164 warm, formulae, 120 9,12, 60, 61
Dampness drying, 159 Pyrossiae, Folium (Chi Wi), 24,25 Scutellariae, Radix (Huang Qin), 9,
dryness moistening, 161 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61-62
Heat clearance, 159-160 Qi Scutellariae Barbatae, Herba (Ban
prescription guidelines, 159, and Blood deficiency, ZhiLian), 12
162 dizziness/vertigo, 219 Seasonal diseases, 181-191
Wind expulsion, 161-162 circulation invigoration, Sepiae, Os (Wu Zei Gu), 48, 49
resolution, 16-18, 70-71, 92, formulae, 142-143 Shao Yang syndrome, 201-202
93-94 damage by Summer Heat, Siegesbeckiae, Herba (Xi Xian
stagnation, blood stasis, 203 183-184 Cao), 20,65
turbid rebellious, downward Sinapis Albae, Semen (Bai Jie Zi),
retention, dizziness/vertigo, conduction, 143,144 16,17,71
219 regulating formulae, 142-147 Smilacis Glabrae, Rhizoma (Tu Fu
upward displacement, comparisons, 145-147 Ling), 12
217-218 guidelines, 142,144-145 Sophorae, Flos (Haui Hua), 31, 33,
Phlegm-Damp, retention, 212 regulation, 27-30, 82-84 86,87
Phlegm-Fire, palpitation, 205-206 renal reception, 108,109 Sophorae Flavescentis, Radix (Hu
Phlegm-fluid resolution, warming tonics, 39-40, 44, 81 Shen), 9-10
formulae, 160 tonification formulae, 135-136 Sophorae Subprostatae, Radix
Phragmitis, Rhizoma (Lu Gen), 8, 9 Qi deficiency (Shan Dou Gen), 9,11
Phyllostachyos, Folium (Zhu YeJ, constipation, 202 Sparganii, Rhizoma (San Leng),
8,9 coronary heart disease, 204 33-34, 35, 85, 87
Pinelliae, Rhizoma (Ban Xia), 16, Qi level heat, clearance formulae, Spatholobi, Caulis (Ji Xue Teng),
17,54,70-71 124-125 34, 35, 78
Piperis Futokadsurae, Caulis (Hai Qi stagnation, 192,193 Spermatorrhoea, 108,110,
Feng Teng), 21 and blood stasis, 203 210-212
294 Index