Figure 5A shows a smoothly decaying oscillation.

The first suitable candidate is

the sine cardinal function, f ( x )=sinc ( x ) , but this decays too swiftly to match to
the figure.

cos ( x )
Instead, f ( x )=
cosh ( x ) will provide more malleability to obtain the desired

a( x)

b( x)
shape. The general form to match the figure exactly is . Inspecting
cosh
cos
F ( x )= A

the figure determines the requirement that min ( F ) =0.004 and max ( F )=0.01 ,

which will be satisfied by determining A and B . We denote

y ( x )= Af ( x ) + B , which will have the same minima and maxima as F.

The maxima of f (x) is 1 at x=0, and, using numerical methods, the

minimum of f (x) is found to be f ( x ) =0.440 at x =2.72,+2.72 . We now

have two simultaneous equations, 0.01= y ( 0 ) =A + B and

0.004= y ( x )= Af ( x ) + B . These are easily solved to determine A=0.00417

4
and B=0.00583 . The frequency determines = and the phase shift
180
=90 deg. The remaining two parameters a and b can now easily be

determined by trial and error as a=1.5 and b=0.75