Forearm and Hand

Muscle
By
Guy, Pom, Kim, Bank
Muscles/Origin/Action/Insertion
Pronator Teres Muscle
Origin: humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

(common flexor tendon),

ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Lateral radius

Action: pronation of forearm and flexion of elbow

Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Base of the second and third metacarpals,

anterior palmar surface

Action: Flexion of wrist, Abduction of Wrist,

flexion of elbow (weak)

Palmaris Longus

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Palmar Aponeurosis

Action: Flexes Hand at Wrist

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of humerus,

Coronoid process of ulna, Shaft of radius.

Insertion:Middle Phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit

Action: Flexes hand at wrist,

Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus,

Olecranon process of ulna, Shaft of ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, Hamate, 5th metacarpal

Action: Flexes hand at wrist, Adduct Hand

Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: Ulna, Interosseous Membrane

Insertion: Distal Phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit

Action: Flexes Digital Inteterphanlangeal joints

Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Anterior Radius, Interosseous Membrane

Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Pollex

Action: Flexes 1st Interphalangeal Joints

Pronator Quadratus
Origin: Distal and anterior ulnar shaft

Insertion: Distal and anterior radius

Action: Pronates forearm

Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Humerus

Insertion: Styloid Process of the radius

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow,

Stabilizes elbow during flexion and extension

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Humerus

Insertion: 2nd metacarpal

Action: Extends hand at wrist

Abduction hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 3rd metacarpal

Action: Extends hand at wrist, Abducts hand

Extensor Digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit

Action: Extends distal interphalangeal joints,

Extends hand at wrist

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Posterior ulna

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: Extends hand at wrist, Adducts hand

Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Proximal ulna

Insertion: Proximal end of radius

Action: Supinates forearm

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Posterior radius, Posterior ulna

Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Trapezium, 1st metacarpal

Action: Abducts pollex

Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Posterior radius, Posterior ulna

Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of pollex

Action: Extends 1st metacarpalphalangeal joint

Extensor pollicis longus
Origin: Posterior radius/ Posterior ulna/

Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of pollex

Action: Extends 1st interphalangeal joint

Extensor Indicis
Origin: Posterior ulna, Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of 2nd digit

Action: Extends 2nd distal interphalangeal joint

Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Distal phalanx of 5th digit

Action: Extends 5th distal interphalangeal joint.

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Scaphoid, Trapezium, Flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of pollex

Action: Abducts pollex

Opponens Pollicis
Origin: Trapezium, Flexor retinaculum

Insertion: 1st metacarpal

Action: Opposes pollex

Flexor pollicis brevis
Origin: Captile/ 2nd-4th metacarpals

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of pollex

Action: Flexes 1st metacarpals-phalangeal joint

Abductor pollicis
Origin: Capitate 2nd-4th metacarpals

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of pollex

Action: Abducts pollex and Opposes pollex

Tendons and Ligaments
Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon
Flexor Digitorum superficialis tendons
Tranverse Carpal Ligament
Palmaris Longus Tendon
Palmar Aponeurosis
How to Stretch Forearm Muscle
Finger Flexor Stretch: Take the wrist and fingers backward keeping elbow straight by using another
hands.

Finger Extensor Stretch: Curl your wrists and fingers up using another hand keeping the elbow stretch.
Praying Position Stretches
Standing, place palms together in a praying position. Elbows touch each other. Your hands should
be in front of your face. Your arms should be touching each other from the tips of your fingers to
your elbows. With your palms pressed together, slowly spread your elbows apart.
Make a Fist
- Make a gentle fist, wrapping your thumb across your fingers.
How to exercise your forearm and hand?
Exercise
Wrist Curls For Flexion and Reverse Wrist Curls For Extension

Behind The Back Wrist Curls

Reverse Grip Barbell Curls

One-Arm Cable Reverse Curls

Injuries and Treatments
Forearm Muscle injuries
Symptoms
Not be able to fully flex or stretch your wrist and fingers and may feel pain when you try
Feel tender or sore or become swollen
Muscle spasms-forearm tightens without you flexing
Treatment
Activity Reduction- Rest
Immobilization-Use of a sling to provide effective stress-reduction
Temperature Therapy- cold temperature for flammation and hot temperature to rest
Pain Medications- such as ibuprofen, aspirin or naproxen [require doctor administration]
Exercise Therapy- both restore health and strengthen the forearm to bolster it against future
injury