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References:
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83

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Soil Salinity
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104

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115

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159

: :
(( )1994) :

.
( :)1998

.
( :)2000

.
( :)1996
.198
( :)1997

.
: ::
Anderson G.L., J.D. Hanson and R.H. Haas (1993): Evaluating Landsat TM
Derived Vegetation indices for Estimating Above Ground Biomass on Semiarid
Rangelands, remote Sensing of the Environment, 45, pp. 165-175.
160
Crist E.P. and R.C. Cicone (1984): Application of the Tisseled Cap Concept to
simulated Thematic Mapper data, Photographic Engineering and Remote Sensing,
Vol. 50, pp. 343-352.
Crist E.P. and R.J. Kauth (1986): The Tasseled Cap De Mystified, Photographic
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Ausbildungsberuf Kartograph/Kartographin, in: Kartographische Nachrichten, 47,1,
pp. 14-16.
Harahsheh H. and R. Tateisli (1998): Remote Sensing and GIS applications for
Land use and Land Suitability Mapping Case study Irbid District, Jordan, The Arab
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Jackson R.D. (1984): Remote Sensing of Vegetation Characteristics for Farm
management, SPIE 475, pp. 81-96.
Jackson, R.D. and A.R. Heute (1991): Interpreting vegetation indices, Preventive
Veterinary Medicine, 11, pp. 185-200.
Leone A.P., G.G. Wright and C. Corves (1995): The application of satellite remote
sensing for soil studies in upland of southern Italy, International Journal for Remore
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Lillesand T.M. and R.W. Kiefer (1987): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, London.
Perry C.R. and L.F. Lautenschlager (1984): Functional equivalence of spectral
vegetation indices, Remote Sensing Environment, 14, pp. 169-182.
Pinty, B., C. Leprieur and M.M. Verstraete (1993): Towards a quantitative
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Post D.F., C. Mack, P.D. Camp and A.S. Suliman (1988): Mapping and
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Richardson A.J. and C.L. Wiegand (1977): Distinguishing Vegetation from Soil
background information, Photogrammetry Wngineering and Remote Sensing, 43,
pp.1541-1552.
Rosenholm D. (1993): Landuse and Vegetation mapping by satellite, SSc Satellite
experiences 1987-1993, ITC Journal,3, pp. 251-262.
161
Tucker C.J. (1979): Red and Photographic Infrared binear combinations for
Monitoring Vegetation, Remote Sensing Environment, 8, pp. 127-150.
Wardly N.W. (1984): Vegetation Index Variability as a function of viewing Geometry,
International Journal of Remoet Sensing, 5, pp. 861-870.
:
Erdas Imagine ver. 8.4, Erdas Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA )1
Arc/View, ESRI Inc., Redlands, California, USA )2
Arc/View Image Analysis ver. 1.1, Erdas Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA )3
Microsoft Excel 97, Microsoft Corporation, USA )4
162
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)6 Flow Channels
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)7 : 1992 :
Gardiner, V., 1975, Drainage Basin Morphometry, British Geomorphological Research Group,
Technical Bulletin, No. 4.
236
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'thePontsTable = av.FindDoc("Spoth.dat").FindTheme("Spotheights.shp").GetFTab
theContourThme = MsgBox.Choice (av.GetActiveDoc.GetThemes, "Select The
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theContourTable = theContourThme.GetFtab
theElevField = MsgBox.Choice (theContourTable.GetFields, "Select The Elvation
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'###################################################################
theView = av.GetActiveDoc
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239
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: Script
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Hutah.dat
Spotheights.shp . Spoth.dat
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Transaction of American Geophysical Union, vol. 8, pp. 913-920.
)14
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Geology, vol. 74, pp. 17-37.
247

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( :)1982

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.231-177
( :)1988

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( :)1996
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( :)1986

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( :)1992
.25
252
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.229
ESRI, (1998): Working with Arc/View Spatial Analyst, Redlands, California.
Gardiner V. (1975): Drainage basin morphometry, British Geomorphological
Research Group, Technical Bulletin, No. 14.
Mark D.M. (1988): Network Models in Geomorphology, Modelling in
Geomorphological Systems, John Willey, 1988.
Smart J.S. (1978): The analysis of drainage network composition, Earth Surface
Processes, vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 129-170.
Shreve R.L. (1966): Statistical law of stream numbers, Journal of Geology, 74, pp.
17-37.
Strahler A.N. (1952): Quantitative Analysis of Watershed Geomorphology,
Transactions of American Geophysical Union, vol. 8, Number 6, pp. 913-920.
Strahler A.N. (1964): Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channels
network, in: V.T. Chow (ed), Handbook of applied Hydrology.
Tarboton D.G. R.L. Bras, I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, (1991): On the Extraction of Channel
Networks from Digital Elevation Data, Hydrological Processes, Vol. 5, pp. 81-100.
Walsh F. (1972): Application of stream order numbers to the Merrimack river, basin,
in: Water Resources Res. 8, pp. 95-189.
:) 21
. :)1413(
. :)1413(
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) 21
.
253
(1409) :
.
(1417) :
.
Fay Robertson (1993): Camel Densities in the special Ibex Reserve at Hawrah Bani
Tamim.
Khushal Habibi (1991): Biology of Nubian Ibex, Capra ibex nubiana, in Hawtat Bani
Tamim Canyons.
Khushal Habibi (1993): Management of Nubian Ibex in the Special Ibex Reserve.
Williamson D. and K. Dunham (1993): National Ibex Reserve, Draft Masterplan
1993-1997.
:
)1 250.000:1
.
)2 250.000:1
:
1996 180.
)3 .
:
)1 Arc/View 3.2
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258
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( :)8
260
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261
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262
Flow Accumulation map ( :)11
263
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References:
Association for Geographic Information (2003):
About the AGI GIS Dictionary, Home Page of the
Geography Dept., University of Edinburgh, Uk.
Aziz, M. (1992): Dictionary of GIS Terms, Dar El-
Haqiqa for International Communication, Dar
Elsalam, Cairo.
Aziz, M. (2002): Design and Implementation Plan
for the National GIS Data Dictionary of Kuwait,
unpublished study for the National GIS Center of
Kuwait.
ESRI Vews (Fall 2002): Status Report on Arc/GIS
Data Models.
Gifford Pinchot National Forest (1999): National
Forest GIS Data Dictionary, Home Page of the
Organization.
Misra, P. (2001): National Geo-Spatial Data
Infrastructure (NGDI) (A Simplified Aproach),
Workshop discussion paper, India.
Openware Company (2002): Techincal Proposal
for the National GIS center of Kuwait, Product
Descriptionbased on ESRI Products, unpublished
report.
SCAR Working Group on Geodesy and Geographic
Information (1999): Map and Data Standards
Project Summery of Feature Codes for Use on
Maps and in Databases, and Data Dictionary.
USGS (2003): The Data Dictionary Transfer, Home
Page of U.S. Geology Survey.
484

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Arab World Geographer, 2001, pp. 1 :

Fig.1: Urban Zone in Kuwait

Buffer of Main Roads

Fig. 2: Main Roads Network and Road Buffer

Existing Landfill Sites

Fig.3: Landfill Sites and Buffer

Fig. 4: Groundwater and Oil Fields Criteria

Wad i Al-Ba tin

Fig. 5: Geom orphologic Units

Sand-Limy Soil Jal-Alzoor Hill

Fig. 6: Soil types in Kuwait

Fig. 7: Natural Vegetation in Kuwait

)4 :Properties of overlay output

- 2005 8500 4000

Al-Ruwaih, F. (1996a): Hydrogeochemical variation of carbonate aquifer Al-

Geographical Society, Vol. 79, 2006, pp. 61-76

)1 Heute, 1988 Crist, 1986 Wardly, 1984 :

Anderson et )1 : Jackson, 1984 Heute, 1988

)2 : Khushal Habibi, 1991. & 1993. 1409 .

)4 Flow Direction map

)5 Flow Accumulation map

)7 Strahler ordering methode

) 11Script " "

type = MsgBox.ChoiceAsString({"Point", "Line", "Polygon"}, "Feature type:", "New

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def = FileDialog.Put(def, "*.shp", "New Theme")

if (def <> nil) then

if (theFld <> NIL) then

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)4 :Flow Direction map

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Strahler, A.N., 1952, Quantitative Analysis of Watershed Geomorphology, )13 :

)2 Spatial Analyst ESRI

) 1992 Time factor

) and Mendes, 1998

.set printing press

Automated Query System Modeling

-5 Attribute data table creation

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( )17 1990 .503

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) 2Ahonen Pasi, GIS and e-Government, e-Government in Regions Conference, Katowice, :

Ahonen Pasi, GIS and e-Government, e-Government in

Processor: UltraSPARC III

: :Data Sharing Model

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