Open angle glaucoma:

Risk factors:
African-Americans
Family history
Diabetes

Presentation:
Gradual loss of peripheral vision over years
End with tunnel vision
Examination:
High IOP
Cupping of optic disc
Loss of peripheral vision
Management:
Beta blockers (Timelol eye drop) first line
Laser trabeculoplasty adjunct

Diabetic retinopathy:

Non-proliferative:
Dilation of veins
Microaneurysms
Retinal hemorrhage
Edema & hard exudates
Proliferative:
Neovascularization

Macular degeneration:

Gradual loss of central vision

Cataract:

Blured vision
Nighttime driving problems
Glare
Tx = lens extraction

Vitreous Hemorrhage:

Presentation:
 Sudden onset loss of vision + Floaters
Most common cause is diabetic retinopathy
Examination:
Fundus is hard to visualize

Management:
Immediate consultation is required.
Conservative management for patients with underlying
conditions:
o Upright position during sleep
o Enhances settling of the hemorrhage
Once diabetic patient presents with a sudden onset of visual
loss with floaters, a vitreous hemorrhage has most likely
occurred.

Retinal Detachment:

Separation of the inner layer of the retina

Causes:
Diabetes mellitus

Trauma (intraocular surgery)

Presentation:
Sudden onset vision loss
Photopsia with showers of floaters
Fundoscopy = elevated retina with folds or tear

Central retinal vein occlusion:

Sudden painless, unilateral loss of vision.

Mostly in patients with hypertension
Findings disk swelling, venouns dilation & turuosity, retinal
hemorrhage, cotton wool spots

Infections:

Herpes simplex keratitis:

Corneal vesicles & dendritic ulcers