Control of PE PDF

iu
khin
in
t cngg sut

((Control of Power Electronics))
Mn hc truyn
tr yn t
kin thc v cc
phng
h php
h iu
i khin
khi thit b bin
bi
i in
i nng
s dng
d li h kin
linh ki bn
b dn
d
cng sut
ln.
ln
Bc
o to:
Cao hc
M s HP: EE6032
1 November GS. TSKH.

GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1
2012 BM iu khin t ng Vin in H Bch Khoa H Ni
Chng
g trnh mn hc

Chng 1: Khi qut v thit b bin i
1 Cu to v hot ng
1.
2 Mch lc ca thit
2. b bin
i

3. Vn
iu
khin
trongg thit
b bin
i

Ch
Chng 2 C
2: Cc phng
h php
h tto xung i iu khi
khin
(m van, iu ch in p)
1. M t NL ngun
g p
p 2 mc v to
mu xungg K
2 Phng
2. Ph php
h K tnt s ca
sng
ch h (sng
( c bn)
b )
3 Phng php sng mang
3.
4 Phng php iu
4. ch vector
5. Phngg pphp
p s dng
g mu xungg tnh sn

6 Phng
6. Ph php
h iu
i chh -
(iu
(i chh in
i p
DC)
Chng
g trnh mn hc

Chng 3: M hnh ha cc thit b bin
i
1 M hnh
1. h h ton
t ca
cc
thit b bin
bi i
2 M hnh truyn t v cc im cn bng
2.
3 c im cho php s dng ph2 tuyn tnh ha chnh xc
3.
4. c im
cho php s dng nguyn l Flatness
5 c
5. im
i choh pphp
hp s d g pphh2 thit
dng hi k Backstepping
B k ppi g
6 c im cho php s dng nguyn l Passivity
6.
Chng 4: Cc v d thit k
1 K trt b bin i DC
1. DC-DC
DC
2 K xp
2. x tuyn
tnh b bin
i DC
DC-DCDC

Chng
g trnh mn hc

Chng 4: Cc v d thit k (tip)

4. K pphi
hi tuyn
y ((tuyn
y tnhh ha
h chnh
h h xc,, ta
theo
h th
h ng,
g,
nguyn l phng) b bin i DC-DC
DC DC
5 K xp x tuyn tnh bin i DC-AC
5. DC AC
6 K trt bin i DC-AC
6. DC AC
7 K phi tuyn theo nguyn l phng bin i DC-AC
7.
8 K bin i AC
8. AC-DCDC

Chng
g trnh mn hc

TI
LIU THAM KHO
1 D.G.
1. DG H Holmes,
l T
T.A.
A Lipo
Lip ((2003)) Pulse
P l Width
Wid h Modulation
M d l i
for Power Converters - Principles and Practice.
Practice IEEE
P
Press, JJohn
h Wil
Wiley & Sons
S
2 M.K.
2. M K Kazimierczuk (2008) Pulse-width
Pulse width Modulated DC-
DC
DC P Power C Converters. John
J h WilWileyy & Sons,
S , Ltd
Ld
3 H.
3. H Sira-Ramrez,
Sira Ramrez S. S Silva-Ortigoza
Silva Ortigoza (2006) Control
C t l Design
D i
Techniques in Power Electronics Devices. Springer
4 F.
4. F JJenni,i, D
D. W
Wuest (1995)
( ) Steuerverfahren
S f h fuer
f
selbstgefuehrte Stromrichter.
Stromrichter Vdf Hochschulverlag AG, AG
BG T
B.G. Teubner
b Stuttgart
St tt t

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

M u
Cc phng n bin i
nng
lng in bng
thit b in
t cngg sut ((chiu ca mi tn
l chiu ca dng g nngg lng).
g)
Mn hc ch q quan tm n cc
phng php iu khin TBB.
Mt
Mt thit b bao gm c hai
chiu AC-DC-AC c gi l
thit b bin tn
tn.
Nghch lu
AC mt pha
v AC ba pha
p
nui bi ngun
g
p
p DCC

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 1 Cu to v hot ng
1.1.
1.1.1 Nguyn l TBB
Nguyn l cu to ca bin tn
Thit b bin i (TBB) pha li c nhim v ghp mch mt chiu trung gian vi li cp in
nng.
TBB pha h li
l i c th c
kh nng
K d dng i
in nng.

TBB
TBB phah ti
i c nhim
hi v t ch h vn
h
hnh
h (tn
(t s,
d
dng, p)) th
theo yu
cu
ca
ph
h ti
ti, v vy

b bbuc
bt phi
hi c kh nng K.
Mch mt chiu trung gian (MCTG) gi vai tr kho nng lng di dng in nng (mch in p
trung gian, NL ngun p) hoc di dng t nng (mch dng trung gian, NL ngun dng).
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 1 Cu to v hot ng
1.1.
1.1.2 Cc yu cu i vi TBB
a)) Yu
Y cu i
vi
pha
h li:
l
C kh nng ly/hon
tr in nng t/tr li li. Nhm
mc ch : i lng K c chn l
gi tr trung bnh ca in p ud (i vi NL ngun p) hay dng id (i vi NL ngun dng).
Dng chy pha li phi bo m dng sin.
Tiu th t cngg sut v cng. g
Khi bin tn l thit b trungg gian
g gia
g 2 li in,
, cc yyu cu trn t
ra vi c 2 pha.
p
b)) Yu cu i vi
pha ti:
p
NL ng g thi l
thit b K c c
tnh ngun dng
hay ngun p p.
C kh nng K
cch ly cng sut
hu / v cng.
cng
Dng
D / p ra cng

t b mo
dng
d
cng
tt.

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 1 Cu to v hot ng
1.1.
1.1.3 Thit b bin i pha li
a) i
vi NL ngun p:
S 1: CL khng g c K.
Dng g li c dng
g xungg kim
dn n cng g sut v cngg
mo dng.
S 2: CL c K K. Dng c
dng xung vung
vung. T l cng
sut v/hu cng do gc K
quyt nh v c qu o
ng trn cm khng.
khng
S 3:
S 3 CL c K v c th
chiu.
o hi Q Qu o ng

trn
v ti
i vn
c
c i
im
cm khng.
S 4: NL vi kh nng
vn hnh c 4 gc . C th
K dng g gn
g vi dng g sin.

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 1 Cu to v hot ng
1.1.
1.1.3 Thit b bin i pha li
b) i vi
i NL ngun ddng: C hhaii s cho
h php
h i
iu chnh
h h (C) chnh
h h xc
dng
d ca mch h MCTG
vo
mt
t gi
i tr
t dng
d bt k
S 5: Khng
Kh s ddng t i
in. C th
h d d
dng
o chiu
hi chy
h ca d
dng cng
sut b
bng cch
h gi
i
nguyn chiu
ca dng in, ch o du in p (ch NL, xem qu o ng trn).
S 6: NL ngun dng c c tnh pha li ging s 4, d khc v s . C th d dng K
dng nng lng, bo m dng sin cho dng in. V in khng ca li bao gi cng l cm, ta
phi dng
p g dngg t u vo to nhnh thot cho dng g in trongg cc qqu trnh chuyn
y mch.
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 1 Cu to v hot ng
1.1.
1.1.4 Thit b bin i pha ti
a) i
vi NL ngun p:
S 7: V c bn tng g t s 4.
Dng
g in
pp pph pph2 khin van.
thuc
D dng g C dng g ra. NL c kh nng g
cung cp/tip nhn cng sut hu/v
cng.
cng
b) i vi NL ngun dng:
S 8: Ch c kh nng nui cc ti
t bo m c cng sut v cng
(tnh cm).
cm) Dng ti dng khi vung
vi
i bin
bi ging
i id. Rt hnh ch h thay
th
i cng
sut t v cng.

S 9:
S 9 C thh to d
dng vi
i dng
d gn

2
hnh sin (ph thuc ph khin van).
Bin dng c th to tu , mc d
id khng i.
C th K cng sut hu
/ v cngg trongg di kh rng.g
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.1 Van bn dn
Hnh a)
C trng
Cc t thi ng

ngt
t ca
van bn
b dn
d
l tng

Hnh b)
Tri: Dng dng/p
v tn hao chuyn
y
mch
khi coi van l l

tngg
Phi: Dng dng/p
v tn hao chuyn
mch khi xt van thc
t

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.1 Van bn dn a) Tham s ca cc loi van thng dng
b) Ph
Phm vii tn
t s
cng
ttc ca
cc
loi
l i van thng
th dng
d
c)) S
S khi mchh K van
c) a))
b)

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL b) My in ba pha
a) Li in d iN
u N = e N RN i N LN
dt
My in
My in khng ng

b
ng b v biu

vector

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL
c) Bin
th u
vo ca TBB
Cch ly th nng. Phi hp mc in p. S dng nhiu cun th cp ci thin cht lng

dng/p
g p ra bngg cc gii
g php
p p mch
khc nhau.
d)) Ti chun 1 ppha,, 3 ppha

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL e)) Ph ti chun gghp
p vi NL ngun
g p
p
qua khu lc
q
in p u ra thng mo dng. Dng ca dng do ti quyt nh. Khi nui ti chun, in cm
Lk c tc dng nh khu lc bc 1.
1 Mt s ng dng i hi dng/p pha ti phi bo m hnh
sin Cn khu lc u ra LF, CF, cng vi Lk s to nn khu lc bc 3. 3 Gi thit: Sc t ng cm
ng e c dng thun ty sin v tn s 1. Khi y ta thit k theo:
iA 1 2 Lk CF
G1 = = ; 1
u AB j ( Lk + CF ) j 3 Lk LF CF
uL j Lk
G2 = = ; 1
iL 1
G3 = = ; 1
Mi tn s
1, u b khu
lc ni ngn
mch.h

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL
f) Ph ti chun
ghp vi NL ngun
dng qua khu lc
mc 11.1.3
1 3 (s 6) nhn mnh vai tr ca t C
trong vic to nhnh thot cho dng khi chuyn mch.
mch 1
Res
R =
Lk CF
uL j Lk
G4 = = 2
; 1
iA 1 Lk CF
iL 1
G5 = = ; 1
iA 1 2 Lk CF
g)) Hiu
H ng
mt ngoi
(h
(hiu
ng d
dn d
dng))
Dng phn b khng u
trn tit
din dy
in tr hiu dng
g tngg
Chiu su thm dng g c
tnh theo:
D
= ;<
0r f 2

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL a) M t bng hm logic, gi tr trung
bnh ngn hn v hm iu ch
1 SA+=1 v SA-=0: Dng iA chy (khng ph
1.
thuc du) qua SA+ v in p ra uA0=ud/2
2 SA+=0 v SA-=1: Dng iA chy (khng ph
2.
th d
thuc du)) qua SA- v in
i p
ra uA0=-ud/2
3 SA+=1
3. 1 v SA-=1:
1 Trng
T thi ny
ni
i ngn

mchh NL v v vy
b cm.

4. SA+=0 v SA-=0: Ty theo du, iA chy
qua
van trn hoc di. in p ph thuc du
ca dng. y l trng thi bt
nh, do NL
nh ngha kha mi SA khngg bo m c tnh ngun
g p,
p v vyy
S A = S A+ S A khngg c
s dng.
g
1+ SA 1 S A Trong thc t ch s dng 2 trng thi 1 v
S A+ = ; S A = ud
2 2 u A0 = ( S A+ S A ) 2 Tc
2: T l lun
l phin
hi ng
ngt t gia
i 2 van
u 2 SA++SA-=1.1 T d ddng s ddng hhaii
u A0 = S A d id + = S A+iA ; id = S Ai A
2 h logic
hm l i SA+ v SA- xy dng
d h
hm
1+ SA 1 S A quy i
gin on tnh in p.
id + = i A ; id = iA
2 2

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL a)) M t bng
g hm logic,
g ggi tr trungg
bnh ngn
g hn v hm iu ch ((tip)
p)
G tr trung b
Gi bnhh ngn
hhn:
t +TT 2
1
u A0 (t ) = u A 0 ( ) d
TT t TT 2
Tn s ng ngt thp Tn s ng ngt cao
Mc tiu: Thay th
cc in p gin on trang trc bi in p trung bnh ngn
hn,
thun tin hn (v d) khi thit
k
cc khu C hay tnh ton cng sut
hu / v cng.
M t bng hm iu ch mA(t): Gi thit in p mch MCTG c lc tt, bo m ud = const
(ngn hn).
hn) Tng t iA = const.
const Vy theo trang trc:
u u 1 + S A 1 + S A 1 S A 1 S A
u A0 = S A d = S A d ; i d + = iA = iA ; i d = i = iA
2 2 2 2 2 A 2
i lng S A c gi l hm iu ch, t l Trong nhiu ng dng, uA0,Ref
A0 R f c dng sin, v
thun vi gi tr t uA0,Ref
A0 R f ca in p.
p Nh vy cc phng trnh lin tc s c dng (MA:
c th m t NL bi cc phng trnh modulation degree):
lin tc c dng di y: mA = M A sin (1t + m ); u A0 = M A
ud
sin (1t + m )
2
ud 1 + mA 1 m A iA i
u A0 = m A ; id + = iA ; i d = iA i d + = 1 + M A sin (1t + m ) ; i d = 1 M A sin (1t + m ) A
2 2 2 2 2
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 2 mc
Na cu
1 pha (hnh mc 1.2.3a): Khng tn
ti trong thc t v mch MCTG thng khng c
im gia. Mch c bn n ch nhm h tr khi tm hiu cc nguyn l mch tip theo.
Cu
1 pha:
Hm q quyy i ggin on
c
dng:
g
ud
u AB = ( S A S B )
2
iA
id = ( S A S B )
2
M
M t li
lin tc trn
min
i thi
hi gian
i bi 2 hm
h Thng
Th thng
th 2 hm
h iu
i ch
h c
chn
h
i ch:
iu h ngc du
d nhau:
h
ud i u AB = mud
u AB = (mA mB ) ; i d = (mA mB ) A vi: m = mA = mB
2 2 i d = miA
u AB = Mu
i (1t + m )
M d sin
Khi hm iu ch
m = M sin (1t + m )

i d + = MiA sin (1t + m )
c dng sin:

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p
2 mc (tip)
Cu
3 pha:
in p pha trung tnh:
ud u u
uU 0 = SU ; uV 0 = SV d ; uW 0 = SW d
2 2 2
in
i p pha
h pha:
h
ud u
uUV = ( SU SV ) ; uVW = ( SV SW ) d
2 2
u
uWU = ( SW SU ) d
2
Dng
D ca
mch
h MCTG
MCTG:
1 + SU 1 + SV 1 + SW
id = iU + iV + iW
2 2 2
1
iU + iV + iW = 0 id = ( SU iU + SV iV + SW iW )
2 uU = uU 0 u N 0
Khi
Khi mchh ti c hnh
h h tam
t gic,
i in
i p rii trn
t ti chnh
h h l in
i p
uV = uV 0 u N 0
pha
h pha
h ttrn.
Khi mchh ti c hnh
h h sao, in
i p
rii trn
t ti s l
i p
in pha
h uU, uV, uW: uW = uW 0 u N 0
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 2 mc (tip)
Cu
3 pha (tip):

in
in p im sao uN0 s c dng
d g pph
tthuc
uc ti.
t . Khi ti i xng v khng tn ti thnh phn mt
chiu ta c:
ud S S u S S u S S u
uN 0 = ( SU + SV + SW ); uU = SU V W d ; uV = SV U W d ; uW = SW U V d
6 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
Nu
Nu m
t b
bng
g hm
lin
tc trn
t min
tthi
ggian
a ta c:
ud u u
uU 0 = mU ; uV 0 = mV d ; uW 0 = mW d
2 2 2
u 1
u N 0 = d (mU + mV + mW ); i d = (mU iU + mV iV + mW iW )
6 2
Thng thng, cc hm iu
ch l i
xng. Vy:
T 2T
mU (t ) = m (t ); mV (t ) = m t 1 ; mW (t ) = m t 1
3 3
Cng
C c th m t cc
trng thi
hi in
i p
pha
h b
bng vector
nh
h h
hnhh v b
bn tri.
i
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc
N cu
Na 1 pha:
h Na cu
bao gm 4 van (c th dn
2
chiu), c iu khin sao cho khng
van no pphi chu q ud/2 ni vi
qu
im g
gia ca in
p p mch
MCTG.
Bngg d
di m t cc
c c t hp ttrng
ng thi
hu ch:
Hm logic (m t trng thi ng/ngt) s c 3 gi tr Cc

C trng
t thi cn
li
l i
u hhoc
t
tng
+1 0 v 1.
+1, 1 Hm
H quy i gin i on
cho
h dng
d v p
i p
in trn
t van, hoc
h ngn mch h NL
NL,
h sau. T
nh Trong
, tta c 3 dng
d chy
h pha
h mch
h MCTG
MCTG. h
hoc a
n
trng thi
hi bt
b nh.
h
ud
u A0 = S A ; id 0 = (1 S A2 ) iA u im:
V mi
van ch chu ud/2, c th
thit
k
NL
2
chu in p gp i (tng cng sut) khi dng cng
S +1 S 1
id + = S A A i A ; id = S A A iA 1 loi van nh NL 2 mc. Do thm 1 mc in p, s
2 2 d dng g K ggim mo dng
g pp ra.
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip)
Mi
Mi gii php NL 3 mc u
i hi phi c im gia ca 2
th nng thuc mch MCTG
3 gii php to im gia (hnh
bn phi)
phi).
Hnh
H h trn:
t im
i gia
i o.
bo
b
th nng
m i xng
ta t cn
c
id,0 = 0 phi
hi c
phng
h php
h
C tch cc dng ti.
Hnh gia: Bo m im gia
cng, thm ch cho php mang
ti khng g i xng.
g t c s
dng
g trongg thc
t.
Hnh di: Gii p php p cng
g cn
C th nng im gia. Vic C
c th do mt trong 2 NLL m Gii php gia bt buc, gii php trn v di
nhim
nhim. khng bt buc phi s dng bin th. V vy,
gii p
g php
p gia
g t c
dng.g
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip)
C 1 pha
Cu h Hm quy i dng/p c dng nh sau:
ud
u AB = ( S A S B ); id 0 = ( S B2 S A2 ) i A
2
S +1 S + 1 S A 1 S B 1
id + = S A A SB B i ; i = S A
S iA
2 2
A d B
2 2
Nh
Nh c 3 mc logic, in p trn ti c th t 5 mc sau: u
ud, u
ud/2, 0
Cu 3 pha
Hm quy i
dng/p c dng nh sau:
ud u u
uU 0 = SU ; uV 0 = SV d ; uW 0 = SW d
2 2 2
id 0 = SU2 iU SV2 iV SW2 iW
SU + 1 S +1 S +1
id + = SU iU + SV V iV + SW W iW
2 2 2
S 1 S 1 S 1
id = SU U iU + SV V iV + SW W iW
2 2 2

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL Cu 3 pha (tip) c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip)
in p trn ti c th t nhiu mc:

in
in p pha im gia uU0, uV0, uW0: c
3 mc ud/2,
/2 0
in p pha pha uUV, uVW, uWU: c
5 mc ud, ud/2,
/2 0
Khi mang ti i xng:
in
i p phah (trn
(t ti) uU, uV, uW: c
9 mc

2u
2 d/3,
/3 ud/2,
/2 ud/3,
/3 ud/6,
/6 0
in
i p
i
im sao uN0: c 7 mc

ud/2, ud/3, ud/6, 0
C th m t NL bng cch biu din vector nh

hnh bn.
bn Ta thy r 19 im
im, ng vi cc v tr
chun m nh ca vector uS c th t ti.
ti V tr
cc nh ca lc gic bn trong (6 vector chun) Cc trng thi in p ca NLL ngun p 3
c th t ti bng 2 t hp,
hp vector c module = 0 mc biu din di dng vector
mc, vector.
thm ch bng 3 t hp trng thi ng/ngt van.
van V d
d us: 00-:
00 SU = 0,0 SV = 0,
0 SW = -1
1
++0 SU = +1,
++0: +1 SV = +1,
+1 SW = 0
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL
d) NL ngun p m rng
n
nay
ay mi
cch cp loi
o 1-3
3ppha
a vi
2-3
3 mc
c
in
p
p. C hai
a kh
nng
g m rng:
g
Tng
Tng bt k s pha bng cch tng thm s nhnh van bn dn: Nui ti nhiu pha
nh ng c B kch thch vnh cu c s pha > 3.
3
Tng
Tng bt k s mc in p: Cho n nay cn t c s dng trong thc t t.
C hai cch u lm tng s trng thi ng ngt (tng s mc in p ra)
ra).
e)) NL ngun
g dng
g
Trong
Trong thc t, mch NL ngun dng khng a dng nh mch ngun p. Ta ch cn xt hai dng
mch cu 1 pha v 3 pha l .
im khc c bn gia mch ngun dng v ngun p l: Mch ngun dng ch c php s dng
loi van cho php dn theo mt chiu duy nhtnht.
Cu 1 pha
Thay v hai van ca mt nhnh lin kt thnh
mtt n v nh
h mch h ngun
p, cc
van trn
t
v van di
d i c
gom thnh
th h hai
h i nhm
h khc
kh
nhau:
h (SA+/SB+) v (SA-/SB-)
Dng u vo v p u ra c gi n nh
tng i bi cc linh kin L v C (v c l).
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL e) NL ngun dng (tip)
Cu 1 pha
C h (tip):
( )
Do dng u vo, p u ra khng th c t bin,
cc van + s c cc trng thi sau:
SA+ = 1 v SB+ = 0: Dng id chy t cc + ca mch MCTG ti cc ni ra A.
SAA+ = 0 v SBB+ = 1: Dng id chy t cc + ca mch MCTG ti cc ni ra B.
SA+ = 0 v SB+ = 0: Trng g thi nyy gin
g on t
ngt
g dng g id v v vy
y b cm.
SA+ = 1 v SB+ = 1: Ty y theo du ca uAB, dngg id chy
y t cc
+ ca mch MCTG ti cc ni ra A
hoc
B. V
V dng g ra pphi bo m c im ngun
g dng
g ca NL,, trng
g thi nyy khng
g c
s dng.
g
Ch hai trng thi th 1 v th 2 l cc trng thi c ngha thc t. i vi 2
van di (van -)) cng tng t. t
Hm logic ca 2 cp van phi tha mn iu kin bn: S A+ + S B+ = 1; S A + S B = 1
Thc
t,, dng
g id c th c
pphp
p chy
y ngn
g mch
qua
q hai van ca cng g mt nhnh cu.
Hm quy i gin on c dng bn: i A = ( S A+ S A ) id = ( S B+ S B ) id
ud = ( S A+ S A ) u AB = ( S B+ S B ) u AB
Khi
Khi thay
tha SA+ - SA- v SB+ - SB- bi cc hm iu
i ch mA
v mB ta
t s thu
th c
cc
phng
h t h lin
trnh li tc
t sau y:
i A = m A id = mB id
ud = m AuAB = mBuAB

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL e) NL ngun dng (tip)
Cu 3 pha
Hm logic:
SU + + SV + + SW + = 1
SU + SV + SW = 1
Hm quy i gin on:

iU = ( SU + SU ) id ; iV = ( SV + SV ) id ; iW = ( SW + SW ) id
ud = ( SU + SV SU SV + ) uUV + ( SV + SW SV SW + ) uVW + ( SW + SU SW SU + ) uWU
Cc
Cc dng pha c ba mc: id, 0 v iid. Ti mi thi im, mch MCTG hoc c ni vi hai cc
pha pha,
pha hoc b ngn mch bi mt nhnh van van. Kt hp hm logic vi uUV+uVW+uWU=0 0 ta c:
ud = ( SU + SU ) uUV ( SW + SW ) uVW
u = ( S S ) u + ( S S ) u + ( S S ) u
d U+ U U V+ V V W+ W W
uUV = uU uV ; uVW = uV uW ; uWU = uW uU
Khi thay (SU+-S SU-),) (SV+-SSV-) v (SW+-S SW-) bi iU = mU id ; iV = mV id ; iW = mW id
cc
hm
h iu
i chh mU, mV, v mW ta t s thu
th c

cc
phng
h t h lin
trnh li tc
t bn:
b ud = mU uU + mV uV + mW uW
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL
f) Khi qut v dng dng / p

ca
NL ngun p
g) Khi qut v dng dng / p

ca NL ngun dng

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 2 Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL h) Nguyn tc bin i cp i
Trong cc mc trn nhiu ln ch

r nguyn tc bin i cp i:
Ngun
Ngun p bin thnh ngun dng.
dng
in cm bin thnh in dung
dung.
Mch song song bin thnh mch
ni tip.
tip
S
S sao bin
bi thnh
th h s tam
t
V d bin i cp i gia hai cu
gic.
i
1 pha
Van
V c kh nng
dn
d ngc bin
bi
Tri: NL ngun p; Phi: NL ngun dng
thnh van c kh nng chn ngc.
Cc loi ph ti ca NL ngun dng v p

Tri: Ti chun ca NL ngun p
Gia: Ti chun ca NL ngun dng (bin i cp i ca ngun p)
Phi: Phi hp ti cho NL ngun dng

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1 3 Vn iu khin trong TBB
1.3.
1.3.1 Cu trc K khi s dng NL ngun p
C 2 pha u c vng C trong cng vi nhim v C dng, dng cho php gim st,
st d dng gii hn
dng i vi vng C cp trn
dng. trn, vng C dng bn trong c tc dng nh ngun dng K c c.
Vng
V C pha h ti c nhim
hi v a
ti ti v gi
i n
nh
h trng
t thi vn
hnh
h h mong mun.

Pha
Ph ti quyt
t nh
h cng
sutt ca
mchh MCTG.
MCTG
Vng
V C d dng c thit
hi k trn
c s
sng
c b bn ca
d
dng.
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1.3.
1.3.2 Dng hu cng v dng v cng trong NL
NL vi ti chun:
T i Mch
Tri: M h 1 pha
h
Phi S
Phi: S thay
th th
C th iu khin cng Thun tyy dng

g Tch in
pp Thun tyy dng
g
sut hu v v cng hu cngg chy
y ra thnh 2 v cngg chy
y
qua ti thnh phn qua ti
hon ton c lp vi
nhau Vic K cch ly
nhau.
(K tch knh,
knh K kh
tng tc) cn ph
thuc vo mc phc
h
hp ca
cu
trc
t ti.
ti

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1.3.
1.3.3 iu khin dng a) Cu trc iu khin dng 1 pha
Hai phng php:

1 Gi tr t c dng hnh sin: C trc tip trn min thi gian.
1. gian Khu C c th theo lut PI hay
l khu
kh 2,
2 3 im.
i
2 Gi tr t
2. l mt
chiu:
hi C ttrn h tta quay
ng b vi
i vector
t dng.
d chnh
h h xc
cao hn,
h
cu
trc
C phc
h tp hhn v phi
hi c kh nng
kh tng tc (C tch
h knh)
k h)
1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1.3.
1.3.3 iu khin dng b) Cu trc iu khin dng 3 pha
Ba p phng g php:
p p
a)) C trc
tipp dngg ca tng
g ppha: S dng
g cc c
khu C pphi tuyn
y kiu 2 3 im
b) C trn h ta : C th s dng khu
C theo lut PI hay cc khu C phi tuyn
c) C trn h ta dq: L h ta quay ng b vi vector dng.
dng i lng C l thnh phn
mt chiu.
chiu Phi gii quyt bi ton K kh tng tc (K tch knh)

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1.3.
1.3.4 Vi v d v cu trc C ca thit b NL
Cu trc n gin C
C
nghch
h h lu
l pha
h li
l i
Cu trc kinh in C
(nghch lu pha ti)
ng c xoay chiu
ba pha trn c s ta
th t th
theo thng Rotor
R t

1 Khi qut
1. q v
thit
b bin
i

1.3.
1.3.4 Vi v d v cu trc K ca thit b NL
Cu trc C (nghch lu pha

l i) cung
li) c ng cp in nng cho
cm ti to
t thnh
th h mng c

Mc
o. M ti
tiu chnh:
h h n
nh
h
in p cung cp
1.3.5 Tng kt cc yu cu t ra cho khu IU CH

1. Khu iu ch MOD ((Modulator)) l thnh phnp ca vngg C ((thng
g l vng
g C dng).
g) Khu
MOD c nhim v bin g
gi tr t
ca in
pp ((dng
g lin tc
trn min thi gian)
g ) thnh hm
logic
g iu khin ng/ngt
g g cc van bn dn.
2. Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca in p ra NL phi bm nhanh v chnh xc gi tr t, khng nh
hng ti ng hc ca vng C C. Khu MOD phi c coi l khu t l P. P
3 Khu MOD gy mo dng in p ra.
3. ra Mt khu MOD ti u l khu t gy mo nht khi cho
trc tn s ng/ngt.
ng/ngt

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2 1 M t NL ngun p 2 mc v to mu xung K
2.1.
2.1.1 M hnh
Xut pht im tnh ton bao

gi cng l cc s th
thay
th (hnh
(h h bn)
b ) dng
d van l
tng,
cho
h php
h tnh
h ton
d
d
dng. Hy ly
l s a)) lm
l
v d:
Ba s
c
Bc 1: Cho trc hm logic bn ca NLL
(hm ng ngt) SA ngun
g p
p2
Bc 2: in p pha s c mc
tnh theo:
U
u A0 = S A d
2

c
im ca hm logic g p ch
g v dng/p
S A (t ) = as , cos (1t ) + bs , sin
i (1t )
xc lp c th c m t c bit thun =1
li nh chui Fourier.
Fourier Gi s ta c chui
U U 2 2
Fourier ca hm logic SA (khng cha au , = as , d ; bu , = bs , d ; u A0, 0 = au , + bu ,
thnh phn mt chiu DC): 2 2

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.1 M hnh (tip)
1
Bc 3: Dng ti c tnh theo cng thc i A (t ) = (u A0 e) dt
Lk
Tnh dng bng chui Fourier,
Fourier
vi sc t ng e c coi l e (t ) = e sin (1t + e ) = ae, =1cos (1t ) + be, =1sin (1t )
thun tu sin v ch cha sng 1 1
c bn.
bn ai , =1 =
1Lk
(bu , =1 be, =1 ); bi , =1 =
1Lk
(au , =1 ae, =1 )
Ngay c khi ti phc
N h hhp i A, =1 = ai2, =1 + bi2, =1
( d:
(v d thm
h khu
kh lc),
l ) vn
c
th tnh dng/p theo phng
1 1
ai , = bu , ; bi , = au ,
php trn. 1Lk 1Lk
u A0,
0
i A, = ai2, + bi2, = ; >1
1Lk
Bc 4: Dng
g ca mch MCTG s c tnh t
1+ S A 1 S A
dng
g pha
p v hm logic
g nh sau: id + = iA ; id = iA
2 2

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch
xc lp
a)) u ra AC Sngg c bn: L thnh pphn hu ch
ca u ra, tnh theo hm iu ch m
U u A0,
0 =1
u A0, =1 = m d ; m = M sin (1t + m ); M =
2 Ud 2
M c
gii l mc
i
iu chh vi
i gi
i tr Mmax = 4/
t ti a
Thnh phn gy mo: M t bi gi tr hiu dng UVZ , eff , IVZ , eff

hay gi tr bin iVZ
2
Tn
n hiu tng: M t b
bi gi
g tr
t hiu d g U eff , I eff hay
u dng ay gi
g tr
t bin
b 2 u =1
UVZ , eff U eff
ff
u , i . H s mo dng ca tn hiu tng c nh ngha nh sau: k = = 2
2
U effff U effff
Tn s ng g ngt
g fs v h s ngg ngt
g q:
q
Tn s ng g ngt
g fs l mt
i
lng
g v cng g qquan trng,
g, c
trng g cho pphng g pphp
p iu khin /
iu ch. H s ng ngt q: f
q= s
f1
cho bit s ln chuyn mch 2q (ln/xung) ca 1 van trong 1 chu k cng tc tc. Bng tip theo cho
ta bit s ln chuyn mch ca tng loi s c cp n. n

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp a) u ra AC (tip)
S ln chuyn mch trong s Na cu Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha

Chui
Ch i Fourier:
F i Khi bit cc h
s Fourier
F i ca tn
t hiu
hi xoay chiu,
hi
in p im trung tnh uA0 hoc uU0 2q 2q 2q
ta c th
h tnh
h c cc
gi tr hhiu

in p pha uAB hoc uU - 4q 6q dng mt cch d dng (xem ph
in p pha pha uUV - - 4q tn
hnh thuc trang trc).
2 2
Dng ra iA hoc iU 2q 4q 6q u u
U effff = ; UVZ , effff = 2
Dng mch MCTG id hoc id+ 2q 4q 6q
=1 2 =2
b) Pha DC (mch MCTG): Khi S A (t ) = M sin (1t ) + S A,VZ ; iA (t ) = i A, =1 sin (1t + i ) + i A,VZ
mch MCTG khng c lc l M i A, =1 i A, =1 M i A, =1
tng dng id+
tng, id + = cosi + sin (1t + i ) cos (21t + i ) +
d c dng hnh di 4 2 4
Xut
X t pht
ht im
i 1+ S A i A, =1 M S A,VZ i A,VZ i A,VZ
i = iA + sin (1t + i ) S A,VZ + sin (1t ) iA,VZ + +
tnh
h dng
d l d +
2 2 2 2 2
hm logic

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) b) Pha DC (tip)
Thnh phn mt chiu: Quyt nh cng sut M i A, =1
hu cng truyn ti qua NLL, ph thuc vo I d = cosi
h s iu ch,, bin dngg ppha v ggc ppha 4
ca dngg ppha u A0,, =1 i A, =1 M
U d Id = cosi = U d i A, =1 cosi
Sng
Sng hi c bn v bc cao: Trong 2 4
trng hp na cu,
cu dng mt chiu
c cha c thnh phn hi c bn i A, =1 M i A, =1
ln hi bc 2.
2 id , =1 = sin ( 1t + i ) ; id , =2 = cos (21t + i )
2 4
Thnh phn hi c bn
v hi bc 2 ca cc
mch l rt khc nhau. Na cu (idd+) Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha
Thnh phn M i A, =1 M i A, =1 3M iU , =1
Ph bin ca s na cu
mt
t chiu
hi Id cosi cosi cosi
4 2 4
Sng hi c i A, =1
bn Id,=1 sin (1t + i )
2
S hi
Sng M i A, =1 M i A, =1
cos (21t + i ) cos (21t + i )
bc cao Id,=2 4 2

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) b) Pha DC (tip)
Thnh phn
gy mo: Bao gm cc thnh phn
c cha tch ca SA v iA, trong c th c c cc
thnh phn mt chiu v hi 1, 21.
i A, =1 M S A,VZ iA,VZ i A,VZ
id ,VZ = sin (1t + i ) S A,VZ + sin (1t ) iA,VZ + +
2 2 2 2
Khi t lc
Cd ((hnh trn)) ln,, in
pp mch
MCTG c 1
ud ,VZ (t ) = iC dt; iC = I d id
cha hi ud,VZ
d VZ c
tnh nh sau: Cd
Na cu Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha
c)) Cc
C i
lng
l chun:
h in p chun UB Ud Ud
Phc v chun cc gi tr Ud
2 2
dng p, cho php nh
Dng chun IB UB Ud UB U UB Ud
gi, so snh cc mch = = d =
khc nhau mt cch 1Lk 21Lk 1Lk 1Lk 1Lk 21Lk
thun
li.
in khng chun UB U UB U UB U
XB = d = d = d
i A,n 2i A,n i A, n i A, n iU ,n 2iU ,n
H s iu ch M u A0, uU 0, uU , =1
0 =1 u A0,
0 =1 0 =1
=
UB UB UB UB

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip)
d)) Mmen hi trongg myy in xoayy chiu ba pha:

p Do hi ca dngg in gy
g y nn v l mt trongg cc
tham s qquan trng
g khi nh ggi cht lng
g K van NL. Cng g thc tnh mmen c dng:
g
3 1 3 1
M ell (t ) = Re {e*i s } = (eiStr S , )
S , + e iStr
2 s 2 s
Mmen
M hi l hiu
h s
gia
gi
tr tc
thi
h v gi tr trung bnh
b h ca
mmen
quay:
3 1 3 1
M el ,VZ = M el M el = Re {e*i Str ,VZ } = (eiStr ,VZ , + e iStr ,VZ , )
2 1 2 1
Khi cn so snh cc phng php K van (iu ch) khc nhau,
nhau thng ta chn ch khng ti:
3 1
M el = 0 e = u Str , =1; M el ,VZ = R {u*Str , =1 i Str ,VZ }
Re
2 1
Gi tr chun MB ca mmen c
chn
nh sau:
UBIB B U B2
MB = = 2
B B Lk

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.3 Tnh i xng
a) Phng php K ng b: Ph2 K s
c coi l ng
b mi chu k ca hm
logic (ng ngt), tc l mi chu k ca
in
p p u ra nghch
g lu u ggingg nhau.
V d iu ch ng b vi q = 7:
t : khng i xng trong 1 chu k
trn:
gia:
i i xng
chu h k
d i i xng
di: chuh k
C i
Cc iu ki
kin bo
b m
iu
i ch
h ng
bb:
Tn
s ng
g ngt
gt fs ln
gp mtt s nguyn
guy ln
tn
t s cng
c g tc (s
(sngg c bn)
b ) f1
S
S ln chuyn trng thi van q (trong mt chu k) phi l s nguyn
Hm
Hm logic (hm ng ngt),
ngt) cng nh dng v p phi c ph tn nh hnh trang 39
b) i
i xng ttrong
ong phm vi 1 chu k: Cc i
lng
g
ng
g b c th
t c c im

i xng
g trong
t o g phm
p
vi 1 chu k, cho php n gin ha nhiu vic tnh chui Fourier.
i xng chu k (hnh gia): Na chu k th 2 l nh o ca na chu k th nht.
nht C th tnh cc
h s Fourier bng cch ly tch phn trong khong chu k.
k

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.3 Tnh i xng
b) i
xng trong phm vi 1 chu k (tip)

2
as , = s (1t ) cos (1t ) d (1t );
0
i xngg chu k (tip):
( p) H s Fourier
Ch tn ti
hi bc
l,, khngg c thnh 2

pphn mt chiu.
c u. H s ng
g ngt
g q pphi bs , = s (1t ) sin (1t ) d (1t ); = 1, 3, 5,
0
l s nguyn l.
i
xng chu k: Do c thm trc i xng ti cc im /2, 3/2 trong phm vi na chu k,
khong tch phn tnh cc h s Fourier thu hp li ch cn chu k.
2
4
as , = 0; bs , =
s (1t )sin (1t ) d (1t ); = 1, 3, 5,
0
V d
d in
i p i xng

chu k (cu 1 pha):
tri: in p pha
phi: Hm ng ngt
ca
cc nhnh van

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.1.
2.1.3 Tnh i xng b) i xng trong phm vi 1 chu k (tip)
i xng chu k (tip)

Mmen
M hi ca
CXCBP khi nui
i bi ngun
p
i xng
chu
h k:
k T cng
thc
th trang
t 43:
43
3 u =1
( )
3 1
M el ,VZ = *
Re u Str , =1 i Str , M el ,VZ = 2 i 1 i +1 sin (1t )
2 1
=5, 7, 11, 13, 1 =6,, 12,, 18,,
3 u =1 u 1 u +1
=
2 12 Lk
1 +1 sin (1t )
=6,
= 6 12, 18
12 18,
M
Mmen hi ch
h cha
h cc
hi c bc
b l s nguyn
ln
l ca
6
c) Phng php K khng ng b

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
Phng php iu khin NL n gin nht l phng php K tn s ca sng
ch s dng
ch, d ng hm logic ch ggy ch
chuyn n mch (ng ngt) van
an 2 ln trong phm vii
mt
t chu
h k ca sng.
Thuc
Th nhm h cc phh2 K
ng b
b. C th t
t ti h s
iu
i
ch
h M = 4/
4/ i vi
i mii s ,
v v vy
cho
h php
h tn
t dng
d tt nht
ht in
i p
mch h
MTCG.
221S
2.2.1 S na
cu

Khi T+ T-, uA0 c cha thnh

phn
h DC ((mtt chiu).
hi )
Thng
Th thng
th tta chn
h T+ = T-
a) in p pha:
4 Ud 1 1 4 Ud 1

u A0 =
2
sin (1t ) + sin (31t ) + sin (51t ) +
3 5
=
2 sin (1t ) b) D
Dng gy
mo:

=
=1,
1 33, 55,
4 Ud 1 4 Ud 4 Ud
u A0,, =1 = ; U A0, 1 eff = ; M = ; U A0,
0 eff =
Ud 2 8 2
2
0 =1,
2 2 2 I A,VZ ,eff = 2+
1Lk 12
U A2 0,
0 eff
2
ff U A00, =11, eff
ff 8 U 2
ku = = 1 = 0, 435 = 0,109 d
U A0, eff 2 1Lk

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha
Gi tr trung
g bnh T1 T1 T1
U 1 U 1 1 = U d (S S )
= d ( S A S B ) dt = d A
T1 0
ca in p: U AB S dt S dt
B A B
2 T1 0 2 T1 0 2
0, khi y
Thng thng, gi tr trung bnh ca uAB phi l 0, tc l: S A = S B Nu s lm vic
ch bin DC DC.
i
bo m h s mo dngg l b nht, in pp cn pphi c dng g i xngg chu k ((hnh phi).
p ) C
th s dng
gg gc iu khin lm tham s chn
t do. C hai pphng g pphp
p K sau y: y
Phngg php
p p 1: S dngg 2 hm ngg ngt
g i xng
g v c dng
g xung
g vungg cho hai nhnh van ((hnh
tri,, trang
g tip).
p) Hai hm lch
pha g -2. C 2 hm u khngg cha thnh pphn DC.
p nhau gc

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip)
Phng php 2: S dng 2 hm ng ngt c thnh phn
DC ging
nhau (hnh phi). Hai hm
lch pha nhau gc . Khong thi gian T+ ca c 2 hm s l -2.
a) in p pha: 4 1 4 1
( ) ( 1 )
u AB = U d

cos ( ) sin (1t ) + cos (3 ) sin (31t ) +
3
= U
d cos sin t
=1, 3, 5,
4 1 4
u AB , =1 = U d cos ( ); U AB , =1, eff = U d cos ( )
2
2 2
4 U AB , eff U AB , =1, eff 8 2 ( )
8cos
M = cos ( ); U AB , effff = U d 1 2 ; ku = = 1
U AB , eff ( 2 )

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) a) in p pha (tip):
Gi tr hiu dng H s
mo dng Bin ca sng hi
b) Thnh phn
dng gy mo dng: V dng gy mo iA,VZ , ch do in p pha quyt
nh v khng
ph thuc sc t ng phn khng. tnh iA,VZ, ta s dng dng ngn mch iA,k (chy khi sc t
ng
g bng
g 0).
) V uAB c dng
g xung
g vung,
g, iA,k
A k lun c dng
g tuyn
y tnh.
U 4 3 2 2
I A,k ,effff = d +
1Lk 3 12
iA,VZ = iA,k ,VZ = ik ik ,=
1
U 4 3 cos 2 2
I A,VZ ,eff = d 8
2
+
1Lk 3 12
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
b) Thnh phn dng gy
mo
dng
d (tip):
(ti )
Dng ca
D in
i p
pha,h sng

c bn ca in p,
p dng gy
mo v ph tn s ca chng:
trn: = 0; di: = 3/10
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng

gy
g y mo tng, g, cng
g nh hi
bc
3 v bc 5 ca dng g

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) b) Dng mch MCTG:
iA
id = (S A SB ) 0dB : i A,=1
2
Tri: Dng mch MCTG,
dng pha v hm logic
Phi Ph tn
Phi: t s
ca

dng mch MCTG
i A,=1 = 0,
0 2I B
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha
in p pha trn ti v
in p pha - im gia
in p pha trn ti v in p pha - im

gia
in p pha - im gia v in p im trung tnh

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha (tip) a) in
in p pha trn
t n ti v in p pha - im gia
Hai
a in
p trn
t ch
c khc c nhau
au hi
bc 3 Cc
Cc gi
g tr
t hiu
u dng:
d g:
v cc hi c bc l s nguyn ln ca 3. 4 Ud 1 4 Ud 4
uU , =1 = ; UU , =1, effff = ;M =
Chui
Chui Fourier c dng sau: 2 2 2
4 Ud
1 UU2 , eff UU2 , =1, eff
8 Ud 9
uU (t ) = sin i (1t ) UU , eff = ; ku = = 1 2
2 =1,1 55, 77, 11
11, 13,
13 9 2 UU , effff
H
H s mo dng b hn hn so vi s 1 pha, l do: khng cn hi bc 3 v cc hi c bc l s
nguyn ln ca 3.
3
b) Thnh phn
dng gy mo:
1 2
IU ,VZ ,eff =
2
iU ,
=5, 7, 11
Ud 2
= 0,
0 0417
1Lk
2U d 1 Ud 2
iU ,VZ = = 0,123
0 123 in p pha trn ti, pha - im gia, Cc ph tng ng
1Lk 9 1Lk sng
c bn
b v d
dng gy mo 0dB Ud/2 h
0dB: hoc
IB

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
c)) Dng
D mch
h MCTG
MCTG:
Thnh
Thnh phn Id do cng sut
hu cng quyt nh.
nh
Sng hi bao gm cc bc l
s nguyn ln ca 6.
6
1
id = (iU SU + iV SV + iW SW )
2
d) Mmen hi: c tnh t ph in p cho h truyn ng ch khng ti.
ti Xut pht t phn
t h chui
tch h i Fourier
F i ini p ta
t c:

2
3 4 U d 1
1 1 sin ( t )
M el ,VZ = 1
2 2 12 Lk 2 2
=6, 12, 18, ( 1) ( + 1)

6U d2 1 1 1 1
= 2 2 2 2 sin (6 1t ) + 2 2 sin (12 1t ) +
1 Lk 5 7 11 13
6U d2 1 1
M el ,VZ 2 2 2 2
Bin mmen hi 1 Lk 5 7
Mmen hi ch khng ti khi
= 0,
0 294 M B K tn s sng ch, 1=(4)B

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 2 Phng
2.2. Ph g php
php K t
tn s
ca
sng
g ch
h (sng
( g c bn)
b )
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha (tip) d) Mmen hi (tip)
Hai thnh phn
hi dng c cng tn s b trit tiu nhau, v vy mmen hi tng i
nh so
2
vi cc ph khc.
Tuy nhin, khi ph ti tng in tr ng k (Rk0), hai hi dng k trn lch pha nhau s lm tng
mmen hi.
e) iu khin bin sng c bn ca in p
Bng
cch chn t l
T+/T- 1, ta c th
K bin ca sngg
c bn
Trong
o g in
pp pha
p
im gia xut hin
thnh phn DC
Tri vi ph2 K i
xng trong ph in
xng,
p xut hin thm
nhiu hi vi bin in p pha - im gia v pha
((trn ti),
), sng
g c bn ca in
Ph in p ca hnh bn tri
l c
ln, bit l hi p pha (trn ti) khi K khng 0dB: Ud/2
b chn
bc h i
xng, T+/T- = 7

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang a) To xung K iu kin:
Nguyn l: So snh sng mang +1
S ll > xT
x A, Soll xT x A, Soll
S ll xT
xT ((xungg rngg ca)) vi tn hiu S A = 1 x A, Soll 1
1 x A, Soll xT xT = 1
ch o xA,Soll
A Soll
tnh ton, coi xA,Soll l hng

trong phm vi chu k sng mang. Khi y,
tE t l thun trc tip
vi
xA,Soll. T c th tnh gi tr trung bnh ngn
hn ca hm ng ngt
v in p pha - im
gia.
TT
1 2t E TT U Gi tr trung bnh ngn
hn u A0 c th
SA =
TT S Adt = TT
= x A, SSollll ; u A0 = d x A, Soll
2
S ll
vi xA,Soll
c K t l trc tip
0

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang iu ch ng b - khng ng b
H s ng ngt
q = T1/TT = fT/f1 c th c gi tr bt
k: Nu
l s nguyn, ta c iu
ch ng
b.
Nu
khng phi l s nguyn, ta c iu
ch khng ng b.
iu ch iu ch
ng b khng

ng b
q = 3; x A, Soll = 0,8 q = 3,3; x A, Soll = 0,8
Ph tn s
ca in p

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang b) Dng ca sng mang (tn hiu iu ch)
Trn: Sng mang dng

xung
g rng
g ca
Di: Sng mang dng
xung tam
t gic
i
C 4 dng sng mang:

Xung rng ca iu ch bng sn sau: Sn trc c gi c nhnh, sn sau c s dng
i ch
iu h (hnh
(h h trn,
t bnb phi).
hi)
Xung
X rng
ca iiu ch
h bng
b sn trc:
t Sn
S sau c
gi
i c

nh,
h sn
ttrc
c
s
dng
d
iu
i ch
h (hnh
(h h trn,
bn
b tri).
i)
Xung tam gic cn: C hai sn trc v sau u c s dng iu
ch theo phng php
i
xng. Khi tn hiu ch o gn nh khng i
trong mt chu k iu
ch,
ta c hai sn xung
K van i xng so vi nh ca sng mang (hnh di, bn tri).
Xungg tam gic
g khngg cn: C hai sn trc v sau u c s dngg iu ch. Xungg K van
khngg i xngg ((hnh di,, bn pphi).
)
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang b) Dng ca sng mang (tip)
Ph tn
khi Ph
tn
khi
iu ch iu ch
bng sn bng sn
sau trc
Ph tn khi Ph tn khi
iu
u ch
c
i iu ch
xng khng i
xng
Ph tn
ca 2 phng php iu ch sn trc v sn sau l ging nhau
Ph tn ca ph2 iu ch 1 sn (trc hoc sau) vi 2 sn (trc v sau) l rt khc nhau nhng
bin ca c 4 pph2 u ggingg nhau.
So vi iu ch khng g i xng,g, pph ca pph2 i xngg t tn s hn v c bin
ggim nhanh hn.
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o
S ll = 0,8
x Soll 08 S ll = 1
x Soll S ll = 1,
x Soll 12 S ll
x Soll
Dng quan trng nht hay c
dngg trongg NLL l dngg hnh
sin:
S ll = x Soll sin (1t )
xSoll

bob m
xut hin
hi cc
im
i ct gia
i sng

mang v tn hiu ch o, cn tha mn
2 1 1
x Soll 1 . Nu
chn qu ln, khu MOD s x Soll , =1 = x Soll arcsin + 1 2
gy qu iu ch.
trng thi qu iu
ch x Soll
x Soll
x Soll > 1 , bin ca sngg c bn c m
t bi cngg thc bn:
Khi xSoll c dng xung vung,

vung ng vi mc 4 1 1
xSoll = sin (1t ) + sin (31t ) + sin (51t ) +
qu iu
i chh rt
t ln,
l bin
bi ca
sng
c bnb 3 5
t mc
t lln nht
ht nh
h phng
h php
h K ttn 4
s ca
sng
ch.h x Soll , =1 = = 1, 1 273


2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o (tip)
Khi tn hiu ch o do
vi x l to nn v do
kh
khng c dng
d sin
i
lin tc ???
Regular Sampling
Single Edge Sampling Double Edge Sampling
Thay i (1t ), ta c:
Th v xSoll = x Soll sin
* x Soll
S ll ( f ) =
x Soll 1 cos (2 f f Sampling ); * ( f ) = ( f f Sampling )
2 ( f f Sampling
S li )
f = n f Sampling f1; n = 0, 1, 2,

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o (tip)
fSampling/f1=4,7 fSampling/f1=4,7
Bin
sng g c bn ca tn
hiu ch o b hn v chm
pha TSampling/2 so vi tn hiu
ch o tht.
tht Dn n in p
ra ca NLL lun chm pha
so vi tn hiu
ch o.

Single Edge Double Edge
Hnh ttri:
Ph t
tn ca ttn hiu
u
ch o. Bn cnh sng c
bn f1 cn xut hin cc di
sng
hi nffSamplingf1 (single
( i l
edge) v 2nfSamplingf1 (double
edge)
edge).
Hnh phi: ng bao bin
ca ph tn. Cho thy, khi
fSampling ln,
l saii lch
l h bin
bi
sng c bn s b i i.
fSampling/f1 = 10; x Soll = 0,8; 0dB: 1

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang d) M t hm (logic) ng ngt trn min tn s
Hm
ngg ngt
gt m t tn hiu ((xung)
u g) ng ngt van b
bn dn
d
c xy dng tng qut khi s dng dng sng mang tam gic,
vi 2 sn khng i xng.
xng
xy dng hm,
hm ta xut pht t chui Fourier ca dng hnh
bn Sm minh ha
bn. a +b 2 1
thnh phn DC,
DC S = Sm + SVZ ; Sm = 1; SVZ = sin na + sin nb cos n (T t + )
SVZ l tng ca
2 2
n=1 n 2
cc
thnh
th h phn
h hi.
hi

+ cos na cos nb
sin n ( t + )

2 2
T

Cc sn ca tn hiu xung
ng ngt van c to nn
nh
h i
iu ch
h theo
th phng
h
php
h sng
mang m t
hnh
bn.


2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang d) M t hm ng ngt trn min tn s (tip)
Cc iu
u kin:

xxSoll S ll = x Soll cos (1t + x )
S ll l hm cos: xSoll
AA/2 + B/2 = A+B = 2. 2 Ch ring A c kh nng
m t tnh i xng: A = 0 hoc 2 ta c dng rng ca, ca A = 1
ta c dng tam gic cn.
cn
Hai gc ng ngt a/2 v b/2 ph thuc vo tn hiu ch
o
o. Hm Bessel J() khi = 07

a = A 1 + x Soll cos (1t + x )
2 2

b = B 1 + x Soll cos (1t + x ) = (2 A) 1 + x Soll cos (1t + x )
2 2 2
Thay
ay 2 gc
ngg ngt
gt trn
t vo cng
c g thc
t c hm
ng
g ngt
gt trang
t a g trc.
t c. Kt
t qu thu
t u c c cha
c a
nhiu s hng l tch an cho gia sin v cos, biu din di dng tng v hn ca cc hm
Bessel (hnh trn) sau y:

sin ( cos ) = k sin J ( ) cos ( ) ; cos ( cos ) = k cos J ( ) cos ( )

=0 2
=0 2
1 khi = 0
0 11, 22, 33, ; k =
= 0,

2 khi = 1,, 2,, 3,,

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Sau khi thay cc cng thc trang 64 vo cng thc trang 63, ta thu c sau nhiu
bin
i:

S ll cos ( 1 t + x )
Sm = x Soll

SVZ = cn i ( nT t+1t) + ( n + x ) + ( nA
sin A+ ) S
Sm l i lng xoay chiu
chiu.
n=1 =0
2 S
SVZ m t thnh phn gy
mo. Cc thnh p phn tn s
ca ch bao gm cc hi ca
+sin ( nT t-1t) + ( n - x ) + ( nA+ ) ;
1 khi T ln gp
mt s
2 nguyn ln ca 1.
k

cn =

J n x A cos ( n + ) J n x ( 2 A )
n 2
Soll

2
Soll

Trong ph tn lun tn ti cp
hi nT 1. Trong
T nT l
,
s nguyn ln ca tn s
mang, 1 c trng cho cc
Sng mang khng i
xng
di tn bin trn v di.
Gi tr cn ng vi bin ca x Soll = 0,8;
0 8; 0dB : 1
mi
i cp
dao
d ng.


2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Khi s dng sng mang i
xng:
A=1.
A 1 i vii mii t hp
h chn
h
{
SVZ = cn cos (nT t+
1 t) + (n + x )
n=1 =0
ca n+ ta c cn=0,
=0 tc l: Mt
na ca ph tn cao bin mt.
Khi s dng g sngg mang g i
}
+ cos (nT t-1 t) + (n - x ) ;
xng (n+ = l) ta c cng
2k
th bn
thc b vii ph
h tn
t nh
h Sm = x Soll cos (1 t+ x ); cn = i (n+ ) J n x Soll
sin
hnh di y.
y n 2 2
C
C th dng cnn tnh bin
ca cc hi, ph thuc bin
ca tn hiu ch o
Sng mang i xng

x Soll = 0,8; 0dB : 1
Bin ca sng c bn v
ca mt
s sngg hi thuc

di tn mang th nht.

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.2 S na cu a) M
t dng p trn
t n min tn s
Hm ng ngt SA c to theo ph2 sng mang tam gic cn.
in p pha - im
gia uA0: C ph hi ch khc vi ph ca
hm ng ngt gi tr ca i lng chun.
U
u A0 = S A d
2
Dng
ng gy mo:
1 u A 0,,
iA, = u A 0, cos ( t+ ) dt = i ( t+ )
sin
Lk Lk

Vic tnh cng
=
u A 0,n,
iA,VZ i (nT t+1 t ) + (n + x )
sin thc bn l kh
(nT + 1 ) Lk
n=1 =0
phc tp.
p p Tuy y
nhin, hu nh
ch c cc thnh
i (nT t-1 t ) + (n - x ) ;
u A 0,
0 n, phn tn s thp
+ sin
(nT 1 ) Lk

gi trng s ng
k. V vy,
y, ch cn

2

2
tnh tng khi n = 1
1 2 1 u u
= in, = +
A 0, n , A 0, n , cng t kt
I A2 ,VZ , eff
2 n=1 =0 2 n=1 =0
( n + ) L ( n ) L

qu kh quan.
quan

T 1 k T 1 k

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) Dng
Dng mch MCTG: Dng c 1+ S A 1 S A
id + = i A ; id = iA
tnh theo cng thc bn: 2 2
Tri: Dng v gi tr trung
bnh ca id+ khi dngg pha
p
Ph tn
t ca
id+, 0dB
0dB : i A
chm /4 so vi tn hiu
ch o ca in p.
Phi Ph tn
Phi: t ca
d
dng
mch MCTG,
MCTG thu c khi
phn tch dng
p g xpp x tnh
theo cng thc sau y:
1+ S A
id + = (i A, =1 + iA,VZ ) Dng ca cc dng in
2
1
2
(iA + iA, =1Sm + iA, =1SVZ )
b) Cng thc gn
ng
m t dng v p
Tri: Tn hiu ch o, in p
pha - im
gia v dng gy
mo; q = 77, M = 0
0,8.
8
Phi: Chu k ca sng mang khi
tnh dngg gy
g y mo

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) b) Cng thc gn ng m t dng v p (tip)
Ud
Gi tr in p trung bnh ngn
hn: Theo cng thc mc 2.3.1a) ta c: u A0 x A, Soll
2
Gi
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p: V trong chu k sng mang, gi tr
hon ton khng ph thuc vo mi tham s vn hnh (k c fT) T
1 Ud
v c coi l hng,
hng v v in p pha - im gia lun c gi tr U A0,
0 eff = u A2 0 (t ) dt =
T 2
l Ud/2,
/2 c th d dng tnh chnh xc cho na cu: 0
1 Ud 1 Ud
Gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn: Sng c bn t l thun 0 =11,eff =
U A0, x A, Soll = M
2 2 2 2
t
trc ti
tip vi
i tn
t hiu
hi ch
h o xA,Soll, tc
t l vi
i hm
h iu
i ch
h M.
M
H s
mo
in
p: Khng
h ph h thuc
h
(U d 2) (1 M 2 2)
2
q, nhng ph thuc M v c gi tr U A2 0,effff U A2 0,=1,effff M2
a khi ku =
0,707 ku 1. t gi tr ti U A0,
=
U 2
= 1
2
0 eff
ff d
M=0
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo: Cc gi thit gn ng:
1 Sc t ng cm ng e(t) l hng trong phm vi chu k sng mang TT v c gi tr bng tn hiu
1.
ch
h o.
V Vy iA,=1 = 0 v uA,=1 = e.
2 D
2. Dng gy mo iA,VZ c gi
i tr
t 0 ti
t i thi im
i u
v cui
i ca
chu
h k sng
mang TT.
3 Gi tr ti
3. i a
v ti
i thiu
hi ca iA,VZ l i xng
qua trc thi
hi gian
i (hnh
(h h trang trc).
)
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) b) Cng thc gn ng m t dng v p (tip)
(k +1)TT (k +1)TT
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo (tip): 1 2
TT I A,VZ ,eff (kTT ) = iA,VZ dt = 2 (u A0 u A0,
2 2
) dt
i ki
iu kin 2 v 3 ch
h th
tha mn
gn
ng v L k kTT
0 Soll
kTT
ph
h thuc
th vo
dng
d sng
mang. Phn
Ph ng

2 2
gp
ca chu
h k sng
mang th h k trong phm
h TT U d 2 TT
2

vi 1 chu k sng c bn l:

= 1 M sin k

2 Lk 48 q

Dng
Dng gy mo tng s l tng ca cc phn ng gp trong phm vi 1 chu k sng c bn v c gi
tr ti a khi M = 0: q
TU 3 4
TT I A,VZ ,effff = TT I A2 ,VZ ,effff (kTT ) I A,VZ ,effff T d
2
M M 2 +1
k =1 2 48 Lk 8
Dng gy mo ti a: t
max khi sng c bn ca p
i qqua im 0.
U T
i A,VZ d T
2 4 Lk
Cc gi
C i ttr so snh
h khi
sng mang c dng tam
gic cn: q = T1/TT 5
g

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha
Hai van SA, SB c th c

K hhon
tton
c
lp
l vi
i
nhau hoc tt hn c l:
nhau,
c K trong mt quan
h ph thuc do ta quyt
y
nh.
a)) Tn
T hiu
h ch
h o

i
vi
v sng
s g c bn,
b , c ngha
g a quyt nh
l gi
g tr
t trung
t u g bnh
b ngn
g hn
u AB , l gi
g tr
t phi
p bm
b
theo tn hiu ch o uAB,Soll
AB S ll, c th c to ra t cc t hp bt k ca uA0,Soll
A0 S ll v uB0,Soll
B0 S ll.
u AB = u A0 u B 0 ; u AB = u A0 u B 0
hn ch mo dng trong phm vi chu k sng mang, ta s dng sng mang i xng:
u u
u A0, Soll = AB , Soll x A, Soll ; u B 0, Soll = AB , Soll xB , Soll
2 2
b) Sng mang c tn s n trong in p pha trn ti: in p pha trn ti cn t b mo dng. dng i
vi
i sng
c bn,b yu
cu
c ngha h l:
l Gi ttr hiu
hi dng
d phi
hi l b nht
ht (cha
( h t hi nht).
ht) V vy

cn
phi
hi c bin
bi php
h gi i tr
t hiu
hi dng
d ca
uAB l ti thiu.
thi
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) b) Sng mang c tn s n trong in p pha trn ti (tip)
Tri: Sng mang

c dng ging
ht nhau
nhau. bo Phi: Sng mang
m g gi tr trung
g c dng o nhau.
bnh ngn hn, tE Gi tr
t hiu
hi dng
d
khng c php khng ph thuc
nh hn na.
na Gi vo tn hiu ch
tr hiu dng ph o v c gi tr ti
q = 15; 0dB: Ud a. Dng gy mo
thuc
vo tn hiu
ch o. t
tng ng
k
k.
2 2 2 x A0, Sollll xB 0, Sollll 2 2

TT U AB ff = U d t E = U d TT
,eff TT U AB ,eff = U d TT = Const
2
U AB ,eff = U d
U d2TT
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
c)) Sng
S mang c tn
s kp
k trong in
p
phah trn
ti:
in
i p uAB 2.3.3.b)
2 3 3 b) ch
h cu
to bi 1 xung
trong phm vi 1 chu k sng mang. C th to uAB vi 2 xung theo 2 cch nh hnh di y.
Tri: Hai sng mang o

nhau v b dch pha i chu
k.
Phi Sng
Phi: S mang c
dng
d
tam gic cn
cn.
Nhn xt:
Di tn mang th nht ca
c 2 ph
h2 l 0
0. Ch tn
t ti
t i di
tn mang th 2. 2 Hn ch
mo dng dng.
Ph2 bn tri c dng gy
mo b hn khng ng k. q = 15;
15 0dB
0dB: Ud
Ph2 tam
t gic
i cn hhay c

s dng hn trong thc
tin.

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) d) M t dng v p trn min tn s
C
C th
h tnh
h choh dng
d sng
mang b bt k
k. Tuy
T nhin,
hi ta chh
tnh cho trng hp ph cp trong thc tin:
Sng mang
c dng tam gic cn.
iu
ch, ta phn tn hiu uAB,Soll thnh hai tn hiu ch
o
c bin nh nhau,, nghchg o nhau cho hai nhnh
cu:u AB ,Soll = U d M cos (1t + x )
u AB , Soll Ud
0 Soll =
u A0, = M cos (1t + x ) = u B 00, Soll
2 2
u A0,, Soll
x A, Soll = = M cos (1t + x ) = xB , Soll
Ud 2
SA = SA,m + SA,VZ ; SA,m = M cos (1 t+ x )

Hm ng g ngt
g {
SA,VZ = cn cos (nT t+1 t) + (n + x ) + cos (nT t-1 t) + (n - x ) }
c tnh theo n=1 =0
cng thc SB = SB,m + SB,VZ ; SB,m = M cos (1 t+ x + ) = SA,m

mc 2.3.1d)
2 3 1d)
(trang 65): n=1 =0

{
SB,VZ = cn cos (nT t+1 t) + (n + ( x + )) + cos (nT t-1 t) + (n - ( x + ))
}
2k 1 khi = 0
cn = sin (n+) J n M ; k =
n 2 2 2 khi = 1, 2, 3,


2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) d) M t dng v p trn min tn s (tip)
T 2 hm ng ngt
ta c th tnh c in p pha trn ti:
Ud U U
uAB = ( SA SB ) = ( SA,m SB,m ) d + ( SA,VZ SB,VZ ) d ; uAB,m = U d M cos (1t+x )
2 2 2
uAB , m uAB ,VZ

uAB,VZ = U d cn {cos ( nT t+1t) + ( n + ( x + )) + cos ( nT t-1t) + ( n - ( x + ))}
n=2,
2 44, =1 3,
1, 3

Cc phng trnh trn minh ha 2 c im:

1) Bi
Bin ca
sng
c bn
b uAB,m ln
l gp i bin
bi tn
t hiu
hi ch
h o
ca
in
i p
phah - im
i gia.
i
2) Kh
Khng tn
t ti
t i cc
di tn
t bc
b l,
l v ti
t i cn = 0.
0 c
bit,
bit di tn
t mang th 1 kh
khng xut
t hin.
hi
Dngg mch
MCTG
iA
id = ( SA SB ) 0dB : i A
2
Hnh bn minh ha trng hp
dng chm pha /4 so vi tn hiu
p ch o. Nu b qua tch ca
dngg iA,VZ
A VZ vi SA v SB ta c:
M = 0,8; q = 15; i A = 0,2 I B
id i A,=1 ( S A,m S B ,m )
+i A,=1 ( S A,VZ S B ,VZ )
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) e) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng dng v p (hnh di)
Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca
in p: ng
vi mc ch iu
ch, gi tr t l thun vi gi
tr t
uAB,Soll
AB Soll
Ud
u AB uAB,Soll =
2
( x A,Soll xB,Soll )
= mU d
q = 7; M = 0,8
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p pha
trn ti: C ngha quyt nh khi
t h gi
tnh i tr
t hiu
hi dng
d l khong
kh thi gian
i tE, khi m in
i p t ti l 0.
t trn 0 T Trong phm
h vii 1 chu
h
k sng
mang ta c thh tnh
h gn
ng:
u
tE TT AB,Soll = TT M cos (t + x )
Ud
Phn
ng gp ca chu k th k
ca sng mang s l: TT U 2AB,eff ( kTT ) = U d2 tE ( kTT ) = U d2TT M cos ( kTT )
q
Tng
ca cc phn ng gp trong 1 2
pphm vi chu k sngg c bn s cungg
U AB,effff =
qTT
Ud2tE ( kTT ) Ud
M
k=1
cpp gi
g tr hiu
dng:
g U AB,eff ,max = 0,798
0 798U d khi M =1

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) e) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng dng v p (hnh di)
1 Ud
Gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn ca in p: U AB,=1,effff uAB,Soll = M
Gi tr t l thun vi gi tr t uAB,Soll 2 2
2 2
U AB ,eff U AB , =1,
1 eff 2
H
H s mo
in
i p:
ku = 1 M
U AB ,eff 4
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo: c tnh t dng ca in p ri trn ti, cch tnh ging nh
s na cu. Nh hnh (bn phi) ca trang trc cho thy: in p (Ude) c tc dng tng, cn e
c tc dng g ggim dng.
g ngg thi e = uAB,Soll
AB Soll. Dngg t
ggi tr ti a khi M = 0,617. ,
1 U d TT 3 4 8 Gi
Gi tr ti a ca dng gy mo: Khi in p l:
3 1
S ll = U d M cos ( 1t + x ), ta c:
I A,VZ ,eff M M + M 2
u AB ,Soll
48 Lk 8 3 2
* 1 U d TT M
i A,VZ = cos (1t + x )
4 Lk
M cos2 (1t + x )
C th rt ra:
1 U d TT
i A,VZ M (1 M ) khi M 0,5
05
4 Lk
1 U d TT
i A,VZ khi M > 0,5
,
16 Lk

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha
V nguyn tc,
tc c th s
dng
g cho mi nhnh van
mt sng mang ring. Tuy
nhin,
bo m s ng

nht v ph tn s,
s ta ch
s dng 1 dng sng mang
chungg cho c 3 nhnh.
a) Dng sng mang:

Trong
Trong cc tnh ton tip theo ta ch xt sng mang c dng tam gic cn.
cn
H
H s ng ngt q (t l gia tn s sng mang v sng c bn sng ch) l ty .
Ni chung,
chung
NLL thng s dng iu ch khng ng b b.
Dng g sng
g mangg ngg b: q = 3k ((k = 1,2,3, ...)) = l bi s (nguyn
( g y ln)) ca 3
Khi cc tn hiu
ch o i xng, g, dn n cc hm ngg ngt g cngg i xngg tuyt
y i.
Bn cnh
cc p ph bin ggingg nhau,, cc pph ggc ppha ca ba in
pp ppha - im ggia cngg nh
nhau. Ngha l: Cc hi c tn s 3k1 l ng pha, chng to nn thnh phn ng nhp ch tn
ti trong in p pha - im gia v in p im sao (nh ngha in p: trang 35), 35) nhng hon
ton khng tn ti trong in p pha trn titi. c im ny th hin r trong ph tn s hnh
thuc trang k tip.
tip

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
b) Tn hiu ch o
Gi
Gi thit:
thit Sng
S c bnb ca in
i
pha
p h - im
i gia
i trng
t rt
t tt
vi
i tn
hiu
hi ch
h o
(khng
(kh tn
ti hi bc 3, bc 5).
Tn hiu ch o l mt h 3 tn
hiu hnh sin ging nhau nhng
lch
p pha 1200. H s iu ch M = 0,8 q = 21; 0dB: Ud/2
M khngg c pphpp ln hn 1.
Ud U
= M d sin (1t + U ,V ,W )
uU 0,,V 0,,W 0,,Soll = xU 0,,V 0,,W 0,,Soll
2 2
U ,V ,W = 0,
0 2 3
3, 4 3
Tng bin ti a ca tn hiu ch o (bng cch xp chng thm sng hi):

c im: thnh
th h phn
h ng
nhph (thnh phn c cng bin - tn s - pha) ca in p pha
i gia
im i khng
kh tn t ti
t i trong
t i p
in pha
h trn
t ti,
ti c th c
t dng
tn d tng
t gi i tr
t ti a
ca

bi tn
bin hiu
hi ch
h o.

Ta xp
chng
h vi bab tn
hiu
h ch
h o
thm
h thnh
h h phn
h uG,Soll c tn
s gp
3 l
ln tn
s c bn
b
(hnh trang tip
theo). Thng ta chn tn hiu c hnh sin (hi bc 3).
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) b) Tn hiu ch o (tip)
Tn hiu xp
chng
tng
bin ti a cho tn hiu
ch o:

Ud
uG,Soll = AI M i (31t)
sin
2
Bin ca tn hiu xp AI = 1/6; M = 1,155 q = 21; 0dB: Ud/2

chng c th c chn theo
cc
tiu
ti chun
h khc
kh nhau:h
1 T
1. Tng ti a
h s iu
i ch
h M;
M 2.2 Gim
Gi mo dng
d cho
h dng
d v p.
(Khi ta
t chn
h bin
bi nhm h tng
t
ti
i a
h s M ta s thu
h c
ch
h s mo
dng
d ging
i nh h n lc
l gim
i mo
dng
d trc tip)
i )
Bin ca hi bc 3 nhm
t h s iu a: Ti gc = /3, bin ca in p pha
ch ti
im
gia uU0,Soll
, khng th b nh hng bi hi bc 3 v ti hi c gi tr 0. V vy ta chn AI
gia uU0,Soll ti /3 l ti
sao cho in p pha im a (tip
tuyn
nm ngang): AI = 1/6 = 16,7%.
H s iu ch Mmax = 2/sqrt(3)
q ( ) = 1,155.
Bin ca hi bc
3 nhm t g dngg ti thiu: AI = 1/4 = 25%;; Mmax 1,122
mo dng ,

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
b) Tn
T hiu
h ch
h o
(tip)
( )
Tn
Tn hiu xp chng dng tam gic cn:
Bin ca tam gic ADr = = 25%
H s iu ch: Mmax = 2/sqrt(3) = 11,155
155
c) M t dng v p trn min tn s

in p pha trn ti c tnh t in p
pha - im gia v in p im sao:
uU / V / W = uU 0 / V 0 / W 0 uN 0 xU / V / W ,Soll = M cos (1t + x + U / V / W )
1 SU / V / W ,m = M cos (1t + x + U / V / W )
uN 0 = (uU 0 + uV 0 + uW 0 )
3
K 3 nhnh van NL, ta s n=1 =0

{
SU / V / W ,VZ = cn cos ( nT t + 1t) + ( n + ( x + U / V / W ))

dng 3 tn hiu ch o xU,Soll,
xV,Soll
+ cos ( nT t - 1t) + ( n - ( x + U / V / W ))
}
V Soll v xW,Soll
W Soll, lch nhau g
gc
ppha: U/V/W = 0,, -2/3 v -4/3 2k
1 khi = 0
cn = sin ( n + ) J n M ; k =
n 2 2
2 khi = 1,, 2,, 3,,


2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) c) M t dng v p trn min tn s (tip)
Dng mch MCTG id: Dng hnh
bn thu c khi dng pha lch so 0dB : iU / V / W
vi p mt gc /4.
c tnh t tngg ca 3 thnh phn
p
do 3 na cu g gy
y nn,, khi K v
ti
t i xng
g s c mt
t lot
ot hi
b
trit tiu Khi iu ch ng b, M = 0,8; q = 21; iU / V / W = 0,2 I B
s ch cn tn ti cc hi c bc l
s nguyn ln ca 6.6
1
id = (iU SU + iV SV + iW SW )
2
d) Cng thc gn ng tnh dng v p
Cng thc c xy dng trn c s gi thit:
th dng/p ca h thng 3 pha i xng lp li trong khong cch /3 vi lun phin du v
t h t.
trnh t
Tng
T ca bnh
b h phng
h gi
i tr hiu
hi dng
d trong c
3 pha
h (tnh
(t h trong
t kh /3) l ging
khong i nhau
h cho
h
kh gc
khong /3 bt
b k
k, v c tnh
h cho
h i
i lng
l X (l dng
d hoc
h p).
)
2
X eff = ( X U2 ,eff + X V2 ,eff + X W2 ,eff ) 3

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) d) Cng thc gn ng tnh dng v p (tip)
Gi s: in p pha U c dng cosin, thnh phn
ng
nhp l uG, ta s c 3 in p ch o sau:
Ud in p
uU 0,,V 0,,W 0,,Soll = xU ,V ,W ,Soll ch o

2 cha c
U thnh
= M d cos (1 t + U ,V ,W ) + uG phn
h
2
ng
U ,V ,W = 0, 2 3, 4 3 nhp.
p
q = 7;
7 M=0
0,8
8
Cc cng g thc t trang g tip

p theo tnh trn c s
in p ch o c dng trch mu (hnh bn)
vi:
i
fTast = 2fT, tc l: TTast = TT/2
Thi
Thi im trch mu l nh ca sng mang theo
ph2 Double Edge
p g Sampling
p g
V nguyn tc: Kt qu tnh khng chu nh
h
hng ca
ph h2 trch
h mu.
Duy
D nhth s ln
l trch
h
mu s nh hng ti chnh xc xc.

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Gi tr trung bnh ngn
hn: Cc in p Ud
pha trn ti uU/V/W ng vi in p pha uU 0 / V 0 / W 0 uU 0 / V 0 / W 0, Soll = xU / V / W , Soll
im gia, tr i thnh phn ng nhp 2
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p: Gi tr hiu dng ca mi

pha c tnh xp
x theo cng thc:
M 2 M
uU /V /W ,eff U d ; khi M = M max = uU /V /W ,eff U d = 0,, 461U d
3 3 3
Gi
Gi tr hiu
hi ddng ca sng
in
i p c bn:
b
1 Ud
u=1,eff = M
2 2
H s mo in p:
2
U eff U 2=1,eff 3 q = 5, 11, 21
ku = = 1 M
U eff 8
uG = 0 uG = Hi bc 3 c bin 16,7%

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Gi
G tr hiu
h ddng ca
dng
d
gy mo:
tnh ta quan st dng p
trongg phm vi mt chu k
trch mu TTast (hnh bn,
chu
h k trch
t h mu
th 3 ca

hnh trang trc).
trc)
Cc chp nhn khi tnh:

Cc gi tr ch o uU0,Soll, uV0,Soll, uW0,Soll, c trch mu ti thi im u ca chu k trch mu.
Cc sc t ng
g l hng g trong g pphm
vi chu k trch mu TTast = TT/2. Chngg trngg v pha
p v bin
vi cc gi
g tr ch o in pp ((khngg c thnh pphn ngg nhp)
p) eU/V/W = uU/V/W,Soll
U/V/W Soll. V vy
y
khng
g xut
u hin s
sngg c bbn trong
o g d
dngg mch
c MCTG.
C G.
Dng
Dng gy mo c gi tr 0 ti thi im u v cui ca chu k trch mu.
Khi chp nhn cc gi thit trn trn, ta c th tnh dng trong phm vi 1 chu k trch mu,
mu ri t
tnh phn ng gp IVZ 2
,eff
ca tt c 3 pha:
TT 2 TT 2 TT 2 TT 2
1 T
iU / V / W = (uU / V / W eU / V / W ) dt 3IU2 / V / W ,VZ ,effff T = iU2 dt + iV2 dt + iW2 dt
Lk 0 2 0 0 0
Tuy nhin, mc d coi dng trong tng chu k trch mu l tuyn tnh (on thng)
vic tnh ton l
rt kh khn v ta s ch tnh cc thnh phn quan trng trong cng thc trn.
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Gi
G tr hiu
h ddng ca dng
d gy mo (tip):
( )
2
U d M 2 TT 2 TT

3IU / V / W ,VZ ,eff (1t ) =
2 2
3 (t0 + t1 ) + 3(t0 + t1 )
Lk 8 2 2

M 2 TT 2
cos (1t )(2t1 + 3t0t1 ) + cos 1t t2 3 3t0 3t1 t2 +
3 2 (t + t2 )
3 3
6 (TT 2) 3 2 9 (TT 2) 1
tnh cng thc trn ta cn bit cc khong thi gian t0, t1 v t2. C tnh chng trn c s hnh
trang 83. C 3 khong u ph thuc gc 1t v h s iu ch M. Ring t0 cn ph thuc vo
thnh pphn ng g nhp:p
1T
1. Khi khng c thnh phn ng nhp: t0 = T 1 M cos (1t )
2 2
2 Khi s dng thnh phn ng nhp nhm t t0 = t7:
2.
1 T 1T
t0 = T t1 t2 = T 1 M 3 sin (1t + 3)
2 2 2 2 2
3. Khi s dng thnh phn ng nhp hi bc 3:
M Ud Mo dng
M d l H s
iu
i chh M Ud
u G , Soll = b nht l ti a u G , Soll =
4 2 6 2
1T
1
1 T 1
t0 = T
1 + M cos (31t ) cos (1t ) t0 = T 1 + M cos (31t ) cos (1t )
2 2

4

2 2 6

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Gi
G tr hiu
h ddng ca dng
d gy mo (tip):
( ) TT (uU 0,Soll uV 0, Soll ) TT 3
t1 = = M sin ( 3 1t )
Gi tr ca t1 v t2 c tnh nh hai cng 2 Ud 2 2
thc bn phi: TT (uV 0, 0 Soll )
0 Soll uW 0, T 3
t2 = = T M sin (1t )
2 Ud 2 2
Khi
Khi thay t0, t1 v t2 vo cng thc tnh gi tr hiu dng u trang 86, ng thi (tng t khi tnh
tr hiu dng ca in p) tnh tng v ly trung bnh ca tt c cc phn ng gp vo gi tr hiu
dng ca dng trong khong gc /3, /3 ta s thu c cng thc (lng t gc l 1t = 2TTast/T1
= 2/(6N)): 1 N
3IU / V / W ,VZ ,eff = 3IVZ
2 2
,eff ( k 1t )
N k =1
1 N 1 N k
= IVZ ,eff (k 1t ) =
IU2 / V / W ,VZ ,eff
2
2
IVZ ,eff (1t )
N k =1 3 k =1 3N
Khi chn 1t bc rt nh,
nh tc l tn s trch mu ln hn tn s c s rt nhiu ln,
ln ta c th thay
xp
x cng
th
thc t
tnhh tng
t bi tch
t h phn
h sau: Khi:
3 11. in p ng nhp uG = 0: KG = 00,375
375
1
IU2 / V / W ,VZ ,eff ,eff (1t ) d (1t )
2 2 in p ng nhp t0 = t7: KG = 0,33
2. 0 33
= IVZ
3 0 3 in p ng nhp vi 16,7%
3. 16 7% hi bc 3:
KG = 0,334
0 334
U d M TT
IU / V / W ,VZ ,effff 0 5 00, 735M + KG M 2
0,5 4. in p ng nhp vi 16,7% hi bc 3:
4 Lk 3 2 KG = 0,334
,
2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Tn hiu ch
Tn hiu ch o trch
o lin tc mu
v uG = 0 v uG = 0
Tn hiu ch
lin
o li tc
t Tn hiu
T hi chh
v uG l hi o lin tc
bc 3 c bin
b v uG l
hi

16,7% bc 3 c bin
25%
Gi tr hiu dng ca
dng gy mo

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
Gi tr ti a ca dng gy mo: Gi thit: Sc t ng phn khng l hng v bng 0 trong phm
vi chu k trch mu TT/2. Khi y in p pha ch ri trn Lk.
U 1
iU ,VZ = d
3 Lk
t1
iU / V / W ,VZ = 1 U d TT M
3 1 TT 8 3 Lk
t1 = t2 = M
2 2 2
Thnh phn in p ng nhp nhm gim ti thiu dng gy mo: T pt. u tin ca trang 86, ta
c th tm gi tr t0 tm cc tiu ca dng gy mo. Hy ly o hm theo t0:
1

3 I 2
( t ) = 0 t = TT 2 1 + M cos (3 t ) cos ( t )
u ( t ) =
M Ud
cos (31t )
t0
U / V / W ,VZ , eff 1 0 1 1 G 1
2

4

4 2
e) Mmen hi (nh ngha

mc 2.1.2d,
2 1 2d trang 43)
3 1
M el ,VZ =
3 1
2 1Lk
{
Re u*Str , =1 (u Str u Str , =1 ) dt }
M ell ,VZ =
2 1
{
Re u*Str S , =1 Stri }
S ,VZ

3 1

= uStr , =1, (uStr , uStr , =1, ) dt d
1 2 1Lk

( )
Lk
i Str ,VZ = u u dt
Str Str , = 1
+ uStr ( uSt uStr ) dt
St , = 1
1, Str , St , =1
1,

2 C
2. Cc ph
h2 to
t xung iu
i khin
khi NL
2 3 Phng
2.3. Ph g php
php sng
g mang
g
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) e) Mmen hi (tip)
Mmen hi ph thuc q = 21; 1 = B; M = 1

mnh vo thnh phn
i
in p
ng nhp
h uG;
ch ph thuc khng
ng k vo lch pha
gia tn hiu mang v
sng c bn.
uG = 0 uG = 25%
Bin (gi tr ti
a)
2
3TT U d 4
2 3 4t0 (1t = 0)
M ell ,VZ M
M
ca mmen hi:
81Lk 2 23 TT
Ch : Khi chn uG
nhm t dng gy
mo
b nht
ht tta
ng
thi t c bin
mmen hi l b
nht.
q = 21;
21 M = 1

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2 4 Phng php iu ch vector
2.4.
2.4.1 Nguyn l iu ch vector
L p
phng g php
p p iu ch trc
tuyn
y ((On-line)) qquan trng
g nht,, hay
y c
ng
g
dng
d g nht
t c
choo s cu 3 p
pha
a ((hnh ttrn,
, b
bn ttri).
)
C
C th ch ra rng: Ph2 iu ch vector tng ng vi ph2 K s dng sng
mang c tn hiu ch o dng trch mu
mu.
Hm ng ngt (hm logic) c to trc tip t vector in p.
Hm p
Bng 3 nhnh van ta ch c th to ra c 23 = 8 t hp trng thi ng ngt 0Z ... 7Z.

Bng
8 t hp ng vi 8 vector chun 0U ... 7U m t hnh trn (bn phi).
8 phi)
Hai vector chun 0U v 7U c module (bin ) bng 0. 0
Tt c cc vector chun cn li u c module l 2Ud/3.
/3

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.1 Nguyn l iu ch vector (tip)
Gi tr trung bnh ngn
hn ca vector in p uStr c tnh bng cch ly
trung bnh trong khong
t+T
chu k trch mu
TTast. 1
Tast
1
uStr =
TTast u Str dt =
T

k
k
Utk ; tk = TTast
k
T t t Tast
T t
Vi k
Vi U l vector chun c s
dng trong khong thi gian tk:
St = u + u
1 2
u Str
t t2 2
1
u = 1 1 U; 2
u= U
TTast TTast
Mc tiu ca iu
ch: To vector
u Str sao cho vector trng vi
tn hiu
ch o
uSoll tt nht. Lu
iu ch hnh bn pphi. Tn s
trch
c mu u (cn
(c c gi
g l tn s bm xung) cng
c g ln,
, dng
d g ggyy mo
o v
v mmen
e hi s ccngg b i..
2 4 2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector
2.4.2
Ta c 3 bc t do:
C th to vector uStr t cc t hp khc nhau ca 6 vector 1U ... 6U.
Trnh t
thc
hin
ca cc vector c chn
c th l khc nhau.
Vector vi module = 0 c th c thc bi 1 trongg 2 vector chun 0U v 7U.
hin
2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip)
a) iu
ch vector quay trn t cc t hp trng thi ng ngt

Hnh ttri
minh haa kh nng to vector
vecto bt k
j t
u = |u|e 1 t 3 vector ua, ub v uc.
Ba
Ba vector ua, ub v uc c th c to t cc
vector chun,
chun thc hin trong mt phn ca
chu k TTast, ng vi t l gia module ca cc
vector cn thc hin v module ca vector
chun.
chun
Trong
T khong
kh cn li
l i ca
TTast, ta
t thc
th hin
hi 1
h 0U v 7U.
trong 2 vector chun
Hnh pphi
cchoo ta bit:
b t: Module
odule ca vector
vecto chnh l bin ca cc in p pha.
p a. Khi vector
vecto quay trn
t
vi vn tc gc 1 = 2f1, nh ca vector s chuyn ng theo mt qu o trn. Qu o trn
c bn knh ln nht l: 2 Ud
u Str ,max =
3 2
Tc l: Ln hn Ud/2 khong 2 3 ln ln.
H s iu ch M l t l gia bin
uU / V / W u Str 4 u Str
in p pha trn ti v Ud/2: M= = =
Ud 2 Ud 2 3 x U

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Trnh t thc hin cc t hp
trng thi ng ngt
TTast/T1 = 22
Hnh tri: 8 t hp trng thi ng ngt ng

vi 8 vector chun (0Z v 7Z v tch) Ranh gii gia cc gc phn su (Sector).
Nt chm chm: Chu k trch mu (bm xung)
Mi ng ni biu din cc chuyn trng
thi dn n: 1 nhnh van chuyn mch.
mch
Khi
Khi chuyn trng thi b qua trng thi ln Cn
u tin chn cc bc chuyn
cn: 2 nhnh van chuyn mch. trng thi ch buc 1 nhnh van
Khi chuyn
y trng g thi gia
g 2 trng
g thi i chuyn
y mch Tn hao ng g ngt
g
din:
3 nhnh van chuyn y mch.
l ti thiu.

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Thi gian duy tr cc vector c module = 0
Sau khi thc hin cc trng thi to in p, thi gian cn li c chia cho 0Z hoc 7Z:
t0 + t7 = TTast t1 t2
Vic
chia khng g nh hngg n ggi tr trung
g bnh ngn
g hn ca vector cn thc hin,
, nhngg nh
hngg n gi
g tr trungg bnh ngn
g hn u N 0 , v v vy
y c nh hngg n h s iu ch ti a Mmax
v dng/p gy mo.
Trong thc t thng c s dng 1 trong 3 ph2 chia thi gian sau y: 1. Chia sao cho: u N 0 = 0
Trong
2 t t0 = t7; 3.
2. 3 Ch s dng 1 trng thi c module = 0 trong 1 chu k trch mu
b1)) Chia sao cho u N 0 = 0
1 2 1
t0 = TTast t1 t2
2 3 3
TT
= Tast 1 M cos (1t )
2
t7 = TTast t0 t1 t2
TTast
= 1 M cos 1t + M = 0,8 T /T = 42; 0dB: U /2
2

6
Tast 1 d
H s iu
ch c gi tr ti
a l M = 1. Ngha l: Khng th tn dng ton b chu k TTast to
trng thi in p hu ch (c im t ph2 K s dng sng mang).
ny bit
2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Thi gian duy tr cc vector c module = 0
b2) Chia
Ch t0 = t7:
Khi y
ta c:
U 1 t1 t2
uN0 = d +
2 TTast 3 3
Ud
= M sin 1t
4 6
M = 0,8
08 TTast/T1 = 42; 0dB: Ud/2
in p c dng ging nh ph2 K bng sng mang c s dng hi bc 3 dng tam gic cn vi
in
bin Ud/8 lm thnh phn ng nhp
nhp.
Khi h s iu ch t ti a,
a t0 v t7 tin ti 0 (tc l t1+t2 = TTast).
) Khi y: M = 2 3 = 1,155
1 155
b3) Ch s dng t0 hoc t7:
Theo
Theo phng n nyny, trong mi chu k ch xy ra 2 qu trnh chuyn mch van.
van
Cu 0 7
Cu hi t ra: Trng thi no Z hay Z s c s dng? C nhiu cch t vn khc nhau,
nhau
sau y ta s ch xt 3 phng n
n.

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.

2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) 0<
t0 = 0; t7 = TTast
T t t1 t2
6
b3) Ch s
dng
d t0 hoc
h t7: Ph
Phng n
1:
1
< t7 = 0;
0 t0 = TTast t1 t2
6 3
M = 0,8; TTast
T t/T1 = 42
iU ,=1 = 0, 05 I B 0dB: Ud/2
Mt
t nhnh
van
a khng
g
chuyn mch
M = 0,8; TTast/T1 = 42 Phngg n 2: Khongg thi ggian trongg

1 nhnh van khngg chuyn
y mch
c th c x dch trong mt gii
hn no nhm mc nh ngn nga
chuyn mch khi dng c gi tr ln.
ln
Nh hn ch tn hao ng ngt.
ngt
iU ,=1 = 0, 05 I B

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b3) Ch s dng t0 hoc t7:
Phng n 3: Trong 4 khong thi gian M = 0,8

ca chu k khng h xy ra ng ngt
van Vic phn chia thi gian da trn
van.
cng
thc
th ca
phng
h n 1.
1 Gii php
h
ny
cn
c
ch
h v:
Dng
D mo dng
d
rt
nh.
h
b4) Dng gy mo ph thuc phn chia trng thi

module = 0:
a: in
i p i
im sao bbng 0
b: t0 = t7, ng vi phng n iu ch chun

c: hoc t0 hoc t7; c1: Phng n 1; c2: Phng n 2;
c3: Phng n 3
TTast/T1 = 42
d: ggingg c (vi
( TTast/T1 = 63);
) d1: Phngg n 1;
d2: Phngg n 2;; d3: Phngg n 3

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.3 Tnh tng t gia ph2 iu ch vector v ph2 K s dng sng mang
Hnh trn: Tn hiu ch o lin tc v tn hiu

ch o b trch mu, sng mang.
H h gia:
Hnh i Dng
D ca
ba
b in
i p
phah - im
i gia.
i
Hnh di: Dng ca 3 in p pha trn ti.
ti
Tn hiu ch o lin tc c trch mu

ti
nh ca sng mang (dng tam gic cn), to
thnh tn hiu ch o trch mu.
Giao im ca tn hiu ch o
trch mu vi
sngg mang
s g to
o thnh cc hm ng ngt ((hm
logic) SU, SV v SW. Sau khi nhn hm ng
ngt vi Ud/2 ta s thu c cc in p pha
im gia uU0, uV0 v uW0 c dng quen thuc.
thuc
t0 1 1
Xut pht t cc suy din = 1 x, (1 kTTast ) = 1 M cos (1 kTTast )
TTast 2 2
thun ty hnh hc ta d dng
thu c t hnh trn cc cng t1 1 3
= xU ,Soll (1 kTTast ) xV ,Soll (1 kTTast ) = M sin 1 kTTast
th tnh
thc t h bn
b (Bin
(Bi ca TTast 2 2 3
t gic
tam i cn
l 1.
1 Cc
C tnt hiu
hi t2 1 3
ch
h o
lun i tr 1.
l c gi 1 = xV ,Soll (1 kTTast ) xW ,Soll (1 kTTast ) = M sin (1 kTTast )
TTast 2 2
2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2.4.
2.4.4 in p pha trn ti, dng gy mo v mmen hi
a)) Cc
C cng
thc
h tnh
h gn
ng:

Doo c c
im
g ging
g php 2 K s d dngg s
sngg mang,
a g, ta c tth s d
dngg tt c cc cng
c g tthc
c gn
g
ngg
cho mc 2.3.4d (trang 82) ca s cu 3 pha. Trong trng hp q > 10, c th coi cc cng
thc l chnh xc.
xc Trong mc 2.3.4d, 2 3 4d duy nht cha c cng thc gn ng tnh dng gy mo
cho trng hp tn hiu ch o khng lin tc (b trch mu). mu)
Dng gy mo khi tn hiu ch o khng lin tc: Cng thc cho trng hp ch s dng t0 hoc t7
U M TT
IU /V /W ,VZ ,effff d 2 KG1M + KG 2 M 2 ; TT = 2TTast
4 Lk 3 2
+Phng n 1: KG1 = 3,122;3 122; KG2 = 1,280
1 280
+Ph
+Phng 2:
n 2 KG1 = 3,216;
3 216 KG2 = 1,385
1 385
+Ph
+Phng 3:
n 3 KG1 = 3,310;
3 310 KG2 = 1,435
1 435
Dng gy mo ca phng n iu ch chun (cng thc trang 87, khi t0 = t7): Cng thc ny nu
ra y ch nhm
mc ch so snh vi trng hp b trch mu.
U M TT
IU /V /W ,VZ ,effff d 0 5 00,735
0,5 735M + 00,3333M 2 ; TT = 2TTast
4 Lk 3 2
b) Mmen hi: Trong trng hp iu ch chun vi t0 = t7, cng thc tnh gn ng mmen hi l
ging nh ph2 K s dng sng mang ca s cu 3 pha
pha. Trong trng hp iu ch vi tn hiu
ch
h o
trch
t h mu
ta
t s phi
hi tnh
t h lli.
i

2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2 5 Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn
2.5.
2.5.1 Nguyn l
Nguyn l iu ch
Off-Line s dng
mu xung tnh sn
C u thi
Chun t g gian:
a
i lng u vo: C th thc hin trong hay ngoi
H
H s iu ch M khu iu ch.
ch Ty ng dng c
Trn: Thc hin hai tn s khc nhau vi
Tn s cng tc 1 th chy c lp hay ph thuc; cng
mt t mu
xung
Gc pha u ca in p ra V d: ng b vi tn s li Di: iu ch in p ca ASM theo
phng php U/f. Tn s ng ngt v h
bng PLL (Phase-Locked-Loop)
(Phase Locked Loop) s
iu
i ch
h ph
h th
thuc
ttn s
c s


2 Cc
2. C ph2 to xung iu
khin
NL
2 5 Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn
2.5.
2.5.1 Nguyn l
Phng php hot ng theo nguyn l iu ch ng
b: Ch khi ton b chu k ca mu xung
tri qua, s bt u mt chu k mi.
Tn s ng g ngt
g fsi ((ng
g vi mt h s ngg ngt
g qi c nh:
xem hnh trangg trc)) tng
g t
l
thun
vi tn s cng g tc ((tn s ca sngg c bn).) V vy,
y, ton di tn s cngg tc s phi
p chia
thnh nhiu
u khong
o g vvi cc
c c h s ng
g ngt
g khcc nhau:u: q1, q2, q3 vv q4 vv
Khi
Khi tn s cng tc rt nh, ng vi fs < fs,min i : p dng nguyn l iu ch khng ng b.
phn gii ca h s iu ch M (mc iu ch) b gii hn bi s mu xung ct trong b nh. nh

Tn s cng tc,
tc gc pha ca mu xung v v tr ca gc ng ngt b lng t ha bi phn
gii ca chun thi gian.
gian
Thng thng: Tng m iu khin c thc hin bng
vi iu khin (Microcontroller) hoc vi mch chuyn dng
(ASIC Application
(ASIC: A li ti Specific
S ifi Integrated
I t t d Circuits).
Ci it )

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 1 M hnh ton ca cc TBB
3.1.
3.1.1 Nguyn tc m hnh ha

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 2 M hnh truyn t v cc im
3.2. cn bng

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 3 c im
3.3. cho php s dng ph2 TTHCX
tng
g tuyn
y tnh ha chnh xc
M hnh phi tuyn

c dng: g1 (x)
u1
x1

x = ; u = ; g (x) =

dx
= f (x) + H (x)u vi:

xn

um
g m (x)

dt

y = g ( x )

H (x) = (h1 (x), h 2 (x), , h m (x))
Nu tha mn cc iu kin v bc
bc tng i
i v tnh khng
khng suy bin
bin ca ma trn L
L Lr11 g (x) Lhm Lr1f 1 g1 (x) Lr1 g (x)

h1 f 1 f 1

L (x) = ; a (x) = L (x)
1

Lh Lrfm 1 g m (x) rm 1 rm
1
Lhm L f g m (x) L f g m (x)


3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 3 c im
3.3. cho php s dng ph2 TTHCX
tng
g tuyn
y tnh ha chnh xc
V d DFIM:
Nhn xt:
M
M hnh
h h khng
kh ch h ttuyn
tnh
t h trn
t khng
kh giani trng
t thi mi,
i hai
h i trc
t dq
d hon
h ton
t tch
t h
k h dn
knh, d n
cu trc
t K mi i c c
i
im t
tchh knh
k h trc
t ti
tip, di
directt ddecoupling.
li
Quan
Q h vo/ra
/ ca tng
knh
k h chh cn
l khu
kh tch
h phn.
h

3 M hnh ha cc thit
3. b bin
i

3 4 c im cho php s dng nguyn l phng
3.4.
Khi nim differentally flat system hay ngn
gn flat system
dx
H = f ( x, u ) ; x R n , u R m , y R m l phng
nu tha mn 3 iu
kin:
d
dt
du d lu
9iu kin
1: Nu tm c u ra y = F x, u, , , l
dt dt
dy d ly dy d l +1y
9iu kin 2: Nu tn ti 2 hm x = P y , , , l ; u = Q y, , , l
dt dt dt dt
9iu kin 3: u ra y l c lp vi phn (cc bin phng c lp vi nhau v c
lp vi
i o hm ca chng).
chng) Ngha l khng tn ti hm c dng sa
sau::
dy d ky
H y, , , k =0
dt dt
u
ra y c gi l u
ra phng
flat output

3 M hnh ha cc thit
3. b bin
i

3.4.
tng flatness based control design
flatness-based
Lu :
Cc cng trnh NC ti HBKHN ch ra: Cc loi my in XC3P (khng ng b
rotor lngg sc,, khngg ngg b
ngun
g kp,
p, ngg b
kch thch vnh cu)) u tha mn cc
iu kin
ca h pphng.g
Cch
C c t vn
v i vi
v myy in
XC3P:
C3 : Khng
g i tm bin
b phng,
p g, m kim tra xem
e
bin m ta quan tm c tha mn iu kin phng hay khng??

3 M hnh ha cc thit
3. b bin
i

3.4.
t
tng flatness-based
fl t b d control
t ld i
design

3 M hnh ha cc thit
3. b bin
i

3.4.
V d DFIM:
Nhn
xt:
Thit lp qu o phng phi bo m
bin ra phng kh vi n bc l (xem hm
F) v qu o khng c php cha
cc im m u v x tr nn bt nh.
nh

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 5 c im
3.5. cho php s dng ph2 thit k Backstepping
C th p dng vi cc h phi tuyn
c cu
trc dng tam gic di (lower triangular
form) sau y:
x = f ( x, 1 )

1 = g1 ( x, 1 , 2 )

= g ( x, , ,, , u )
m m 1 2 m
l loi h c th tch thnh cc h con vi bin

iu o (virtual control
khin
variable)
i bl ) ca mi
i h
h con ll bin
bi trng thi
h i ca h
h con trc ,
choh php
h thit
hi k
k hm
h
nh
n h (stabilizing
( t bili i ffunction)
ti ) ca
tng
t h con bi hmh LF thch
th h hp.
h
tm hm LF ca h, c th tin
hnh tm cun tng bc (backstepping),
chiu
b u
bt t hm
h LF ca h con cuii cng.

1
Vi+1 = Vi + z Ti+1z i +1
2

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 5 c im
V d
myy in
PMSM:
d
= f1 ( , i s )
d
dt
di s
dt
(
= f 2 [ , i s ] , u s
T
)
B 1:
Bc 1
1
e = reff V1 = e2
2
dV1 3z 3z k m
= e e = k1e2 e p ( Lsd Lsq ) isd isq e p pisq f W k1e
dt 2J 2J J J
2 J k f mW
isd*d = 0; isq* = + + k e
1
3z p p J J

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 5 c im
Bc 2:
ei = i*s i s eid = isd* isd ; eiq = isq* isq

1 1
V2 = V1 + eid2 + eiq2
2 2
dV2 dV1 de de
= + eid id + eiq iq = k1e2 k2eid2 k3eiq2
dt dt dt dt = 0 usdd
3z R L 1
+ eid k2eid + e p ( Lsd Lsq ) isq + s isd sq z pisq usd
2J Lsdd Lsdd Lsdd = 0 usq
3z 2 kf
+ eiq k3eiq + e p p + k1 ( mM k f mW )
2J 3z p p J
Rs Lsdd p 1
Nhn xt:
Nh t Mmen
M ti + isqq + z pisd + z p usqq
mw adaptive
d i backstepping?
b k i ? Lsq Lsq Lsq Lsq

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 5 c im
Cu
trc K ng c PMSM:
Lu :
Cc cng trnh NC ti HBKHN
kim
chng phng php cho
tt c cc loi
my y in
XC3P
((khngg ngg b
rotor lng
g sc,,
khng
g
ngg b ngun
gu kp,p,
ngg
b kch thch vnh cu).
Phi
Phi quan tm ti adaptive
backstepping lm ch vn
ph ti i vi ng c IM,
IM
PMSM v vn ngun gi i
vi my pht DFIM.
DFIM

3 M
3. hnh
ha
cc
thit
b bin
i

3 6 c im
3.6. cho php s dng nguyn l Passivity

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 1 iu khin
4.1. trt b bin i
DC
DC-DC
DC

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 2 iu khin
4.2. xp x tuyn tnh b bin i
DC
DC-DC
DC

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 3 iu khin
4.3. phi tuyn b bin i
DC
DC-DC
DC
4.3.1. K s dng tuyn tnh ha chnh xc (Exact Linearization)

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 3 iu khin
DC
DC-DC
DC
4.3.2. K ta theo th ng (Passivity-based
(Passivity based Control Design)

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 3 iu khin
DC
DC-DC
DC
4.3.3. K da trn nguyn l phng (Flatness-based
(Flatness based Control Design)

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 4 iu khin
4.4. xp x tuyn tnh b bin i
DC
DC-AC
AC

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 5 iu khin
4.5. trt b bin i
DC
DC-AC
AC

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 6 K theo nguyn l phng
4.6. b bin i
DC
DC-AC
AC

4 Cc
4. C v d thit
k

4 7 iu khin
4.7. b bin i
AC
AC-DC
DC


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iu

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

Cch ly th nng. Phi hp mc in p. S dng nhiu cun th cp ci thin cht lng

d)) Ti chun 1 ppha,, 3 ppha

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

Hm logic (m t trng thi ng/ngt) s c 3 gi tr Cc

1 November GS. TSKH.

in p trn ti c th t nhiu mc:

C th m t NL bng cch biu din vector nh

1 November GS. TSKH.

Hm quy i gin on:

f) Khi qut v dng dng / p

g) Khi qut v dng dng / p

1 November GS. TSKH.

Trong cc mc trn nhiu ln ch

Cc loi ph ti ca NL ngun dng v p

1 November GS. TSKH.

C th iu khin cng Thun tyy dng

1 November GS. TSKH.

Hai phng php:

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

Cu trc C (nghch lu pha

1.3.5 Tng kt cc yu cu t ra cho khu IU CH

1 November GS. TSKH.

Xut pht im tnh ton bao

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

Thnh phn gy mo: M t bi gi tr hiu dng UVZ , eff , IVZ , eff

1 November GS. TSKH.

S ln chuyn mch trong s Na cu Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

d)) Mmen hi trongg myy in xoayy chiu ba pha:

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

i xng chu k (tip)

c) Phng php K khng ng b

1 November GS. TSKH.

Khi T+ T-, uA0 c cha thnh

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

1 November GS. TSKH.

Gi tr hiu dng ca dng

1 November GS. TSKH.