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Capacitors & Energy Storage PDF
Capacitors & Energy Storage PDF
Q
Q = CV Or C=
V
Need Q: Q = A
b r r
Need V: from defn: Vb Va = E dl
a
Use Gauss Law to find E
CLICKER QUESTION
r
a) + E d
r
b) E d
r
c) + q0 E d
r
d ) q0 E d
Test charge moves to lower potential
Recall: Two Infinite Sheets
(into screen)
+ -
+ -
Field outside the sheets is zero E=0 + - E=0
+ -
Gaussian surface encloses + -
zero net charge A + -
+ -
+ -
Field inside sheets is not zero: + -
Gaussian surface encloses + -
A -
non-zero net charge Q = A +
r r -
E dS = AEinside E =
0
+ -
E
Example: Parallel Plate Capacitor
-Q
-Q a
A r
+Q
++++ a
d +Q
----- b b
L
Parallel Plates Cylindrical Spherical
A 0 2 0 L 4 0 ab
C= C = C =
d b ba
ln
a
CAPACITORs in parallel
To find the equivalent capacitance Ceq:
Q Q
V1 = ; V2 =
C1 C2
Q Q
V = V1 + V2 = +
C1 C2
V 1 1 1
= = +
Q Cseries C1 C2
C3 a b
C1 C2 C
b
How do we start??
Recognize C3 is in series with the parallel
combination on C1 and C2. i.e.,
1 1 1 C 3 (C1 + C 2 )
= +
C C3 C1 + C2 C=
C1 + C 2 + C 3
UI7PF7: CLICKER PROBLEM
a) C/2 b) C c) 2C
UI7PF7: CLICKER PROBLEM
C
C C C
C
Configuration A
Configuration B Configuration C
a) Configuration A
b) Configuration B
c) Configuration C
UI7ACT 3: CLICKER PROBLEM
What is the equivalent capacitance, Ceq, of the
combination shown?
o
Ceq C
C C
o
Ceq C
C C
o
C
C
C C C1
1 1 1 C C 3
= + C1 = Ceq = C + = C
C1 C C 2 2 2
CLICKER QUESTION
U Q
q
U = dU = dq =
Q
=
(CV )2
1
= CV 2
2
0 0
C 2C 2C 2
Two parts
a) Q1 > Q2 b) Q1 = Q2 c) Q1 < Q2
d V d 2d C1 V C2 2d
What is the relation between the U1, the energy stored in C1, and
the U2, energy stored in C2?
d V d 2d C1 V C2 2d
What is the relation between the U1, the energy stored in C1, and
the U2, energy stored in C2?
1 Q2 1 Q2
U= =
2 C 2 ( A 0 / d )
++++++++ +++++++
+Q This is the energy
density, u, of the
The electric field is given by:
electric field.
Q 1
E= =
0 0 A U = 0 E2 Ad
2
The energy density u in the field is given by:
U U 1 2 J
u= = = 0E Units:
volume Ad 2 m3
Energy Density
Claim: the expression for the energy density of the
electrostatic field 1
u = 0E 2
2
is general and is not restricted to the special case of the
constant field in a parallel plate capacitor.
each of length L. 1
each of length L. 1
= 0
Consider a parallel plate capacitor with no dielectric
A
C0 = 0
d
A capacitor with a dielectric becomes simply,
A A
C = KC 0= K 0 =
d d
The change in capacitance can be accounted for
by changing permittivity.
Y&F Problems 24.72 and 24.71
A
A parallel plate capacitor has two
dielectrics, side by side, find the
capacitance
A K1 + K 2
C = 0
d 2
A
A parallel plate capacitor has two
dielectrics, stacked, find the
capacitance
A 2 K1K 2
C = 0
d K1 + K 2
EXAMPLE
0.3 x 10-3 m
= 2.71 nF
UI8PF 8: TWO PART CLICKER PROBLEM
Two identical parallel plate capacitors are connected to a battery.
Remaining connected, C2 is filled with a dielectric.
a) V1 > V2 b) V1 = V2 c) V1 < V2
a) Q1 > Q2 b) Q1 = Q2 c) Q1 < Q2
CLICKER PROBLEM:
a) V1 > V2 b) V1 = V2 c) V1 < V2
a) E1 > E2 b) E1 = E2 c) E1 < E2
UI8ACT1/Clicker Problem
What is the relationship between V0 and V in the
systems shown below?
+Q (Area A) +Q (Area A)
d/3
V0 d V conductor
d/3
-Q -Q