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TableofContents
1 Implicationsof73rd&74thConstitutionAmendmentAct,1993_______________1
1.1. Provisionsof74thConstitutionAmendmentAct ________________________________________________1
1.2. NewRolesandFunctionsofStateTownandCountryPlanningDepartment_________________4
1.3. StatusoftheProvisionsof74thConstitutionAmendmentActonUrbanLocalBodies_______5
1.4. Recommendations_________________________________________________________________________________9
2 TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition
Rehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013______________________________________11
2.1. BasisofthenewAct ______________________________________________________________________________11
2.2. KeyFeatures ______________________________________________________________________________________11
3 ModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985__________15
3.1 Keyfeatures_______________________________________________________________________________________15
3.2 Suggestedmodificationsinthelaw______________________________________________________________16
4 ModelMunicipalLaw,2003____________________________________________________21
4.1. Keyfeatures_______________________________________________________________________________________21
4.2. SuggestedchangesintheLaw___________________________________________________________________22
4.2.1. Clause(s)forinclusioninthepresentMML____________________________________________23
4.2.2. AdditionalProvisions____________________________________________________________________25
5 StateLevelLegalFrameworkComparativeAnalysisOverview___________27
5.1. Maharashtra_______________________________________________________________________________________44
5.2. HimachalPradesh_________________________________________________________________________________45
5.3. TamilNadu________________________________________________________________________________________46
5.4. Gujarat ________________________________________________________________________________________46
5.5. Karnataka ________________________________________________________________________________________48
5.6. Bihar ________________________________________________________________________________________48
5.7. Mizoram ________________________________________________________________________________________50
6 LegalRequirementsforIndustrialDevelopment_____________________________53
6.1. Industries(DevelopmentandRegulation)Act,1951__________________________________________53
6.2. IndustrialPolicy,1991 ___________________________________________________________________________53
6.3. PolicyforForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)_____________________________________________________54
6.4. ManufacturingPolicyforClusterDevelopments_______________________________________________56
6.4.1. NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011___________________________________________________56
6.4.2. NationalInvestmentandManufacturingZones(NIMZs)Guidelines ________________57
6.4.3. SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005________________________________________________60
6.4.4. SchemesforclusterdevelopmentunderMinistries___________________________________62
6.4.5. ProvisionsforMicroSmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME) _______________________63
7 OtherNationalLevelLegalRequirements___________________________________67
7.1. NationalHeritageConservation_________________________________________________________________67
7.1.1. TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(Amendmentand
Validation)Act,2010____________________________________________________________________69
7.2. NationalEnvironmentalLegalRequirements__________________________________________________70
7.2.1. EnvironmentImpactAssessmentNotification2006__________________________________70
7.2.2. EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986_____________________________________________________71
7.2.3. ForestConservationAct,1980__________________________________________________________72
7.2.4. CoastalRegulationZone,2011__________________________________________________________73
7.2.5. EcoSensitiveZones _____________________________________________________________________74
7.3. CantonmentAct,2006____________________________________________________________________________76
ii
ListofTables
Table1.1:ItemslistedinEleventhandTwelfthSchedule__________________________________________________2
Table1.2:FinancesofPanchayats&Municipalities________________________________________________________3
Table1.3:StatewiseCompliancewith74thCAAasonOctober2004_____________________________________7
Table1.4:StatusofMPCsinvariousStates_________________________________________________________________8
Table5.1:ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActs&implementationacrossNation________29
Table5.2:ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActsofsevenStates_____________________________35
Table6.1:LiberalisedSectorforForeignDirectInvestment(RelatedtoUrbanandRegionalPlanning)56
Table6.2:SchemesproposedforpromotionofCluster/ParkDevelopment____________________________64
Table6.3:Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprisesClassification__________________________________________65
Table7.1:StatutoryObligationsofEnvironmentClearances_____________________________________________72
Table7.2:ActivitiesProhibited,RegulatedorPermittedinEcosensitiveZone_________________________75
iii

Implicationsof73rd&74thCAA,1993
1 Implications of 73rd & 74th Constitution

AmendmentAct,1993
1.1. Provisionsof74thConstitutionAmendmentAct
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (73rd CAA) came in effect from 24th April,
1993and74thConstitutionAmendmentAct(74thCAA),ineffectfrom1stJune1993,
ushered a new era in the history of urban local government in the country. The
ConstitutionofIndiahasdetailedprovisionsforensuringprotectionofdemocracyin
ParliamentandStateLegislatures;however,itdidnotmakelocalselfgovernmentin
urbanareasaclearcutconstitutionalobligation.Eventhoughtherewasprovisionfor
organisationofvillagePanchayatsintheDirectivePrinciplesofStatePolicy,therewas
no reference to municipalities except implicitly in Entry 5 of the State List, which
places the subject of local selfgovernment as a responsibility of the State. The 74th
CAA (referred to as part IXA of Constitution) made provisions for decentralisation,
thereby, ensuring democracy in the establishment and operation of local self
government.Itbestowspowertothepeopletoplanforthemselvesandparticipatein
thedecisionmakingprocess.ThemainprovisionsintroducedbytheActareasunder:
1) ConstitutionofPanchayatsandMunicipalities:
Article243Bof73rdCAA,providesfortheconstitutionofPanchayatsatthreelevelsin
astate:
a) Village,
b) Intermediate (may not be constituted in a State having a population not
exceedingtwentylakhs)and
c) District.
Article243Qof74thCAA,providesforconstitutionofMunicipalitiesineveryStateas
givenunder:
a) NagarPanchayatfortransitionalarea,thatistosay,anareaintransitionfrom
ruraltourbanincharacter.
b) MunicipalCouncilforasmallerurbanarea,and
c) MunicipalCorporationforalargerurbanarea.
2) Constitution of Ward Committees: Article 243 S provides for constitution of
wardcommittees,consistingofoneormorewards,withintheterritorialareaof
aMunicipalityhavingapopulationof3,00,000ormore.
3) DurationofMunicipalities: Article 243 E of 73rd CAA and 243 U of 74th CAA,
provides a fixed term of 5 years of a panchayat and municipality respectively,
fromthedateappointed.Electionstoconstituteapanchayatormunicipalityare
required to be completed before the expiration of the duration of the
municipality.
URDPFIGuidelines,2014.VolumeIIA.MinistryofUrbanDevelopment 1

4) Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats and Municipalities:

Article 243G of 73rd and 243W of 74th CAA provides powers, authority and
responsibilities of Municipalities subject that legislature of the State by law
endow:
a) ThePanchayatsandMunicipalitywithsuchpowersandauthority thoseare
necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self
government. The law prepared by the state government may contain
provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon
Municipalities,withorwithoutconditionswithrespectto
i. the preparation of plans for economic development and social
justice;
ii. the performance of functions and implementation of schemes as may
beentrustedtothemincludingthoseinrelationtothematterslistedin
theEleventhandTwelfthSchedule;
b) The Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to
enable them to carryout the responsibilities conferred upon Municipalities
themincludingthoseinrelationtothematterslistedintheTwelfthSchedule.
Table1.1: ItemslistedinEleventhandTwelfthSchedule
S.No. 29Itemsofthe11thSchedule S.No. 18Itemsofthe12thSchedule
1 Agriculture,includingagricultural 1 Urbanplanningincludingtownplanning
extension
2 Landimprovement,implementationof 2 Regulationoflanduseandconstruction
landreforms,landconsolidationandsoil ofbuildings
conservation
3 Minorirrigation,watermanagementand 3 Planningforeconomicandsocial
watersheddevelopment development
4 Animalhusbandry,dairyingandpoultry 4 Roadsandbridges
5 Fisheries. 5 Watersupplyfordomestic,industrialand
commercialpurposes
6 Socialforestryandfarmforestry 6 Publichealth,sanitationconservancy
andsolidwastemanagement
7 Minorforestproduce 7 Fireservices
8 Smallscaleindustries,includingfood 8 Urbanforestry,protectionofthe
processingindustries environmentandpromotionof
ecologicalaspects
9 Khadi,villageandcottageindustries 9 Safeguardingtheinterestsofweaker
sectionsofsociety,includingthe
handicappedandmentallyretarded
10 Ruralhousing 10 Slumimprovementandupgradation
11 Drinkingwater 11 Urbanpovertyalleviation
12 Fuelandfodder 12 Provisionofurbanamenitiesand
facilitiessuchasparks,gardens,
playgrounds
13 Roads,culverts,bridges,ferries, 13 Promotionofcultural,educationaland
waterwaysandothermeansof aestheticaspects
2 URDPFIGuidelines,2014.VolumeIIA.MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

S.No. 29Itemsofthe11thSchedule S.No. 18Itemsofthe12thSchedule

communication
14 Ruralelectrification,including 14 Burialsandburialgrounds;cremations,
distributionofelectricity cremationgroundsandelectric
crematoriums
15 Nonconventionalenergysources 15 Cattlepounds;preventionofcrueltyto
animals
16 Povertyalleviationprogramme 16 Vitalstatisticsincludingregistrationof
birthsanddeaths
17 Education,includingprimaryand 17 Publicamenitiesincludingstreet
secondaryschools lighting,parkinglots,busstopsand
publicconveniences
18 Technicaltrainingandvocational 18 Regulationofslaughterhousesand
education tanneries
19 Adultandnonformaleducation
20 Libraries.
21 Culturalactivities
22 Marketsandfairs
23 Healthandsanitation,including
hospitals,primaryhealthcentresand
dispensaries
24 Familywelfare
25 Womenandchilddevelopment
26 Socialwelfare,includingwelfareofthe
handicappedandmentallyretarded
27 Welfareoftheweakersections,andin
particular,oftheScheduledCastesand
theScheduledTribes
28 Publicdistributionsystem
29 Maintenanceofcommunityassets
Source:73rd&74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct
5) FinancesofPanchayatsandMunicipalities:AsperArticle243Hof73rd&243X
of74thCAAithasbeenlefttothelegislatureoftheStatetospecifytheimposition
oftaxes.
Table1.2: FinancesofPanchayats&Municipalities
RevenueSources Responsibilityof
Taxes,Duties,feesetcetera LeviedandcollectedbyPanchayats&Municipalities
Taxes,Duties,feesetcetera LeviedandcollectedbyStateGovernment
Grantinaid GiventomunicipalitiesfromtheStateGovernment
Funds For crediting and withdrawal of money by Panchayats &
Municipality
Source:73rd&74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct
6) State Finance Commission: Article 243 I of 73rd CAA give provision of State
FinanceCommission(SFC).Article243Yof74thCAAextendsduty/powerofSFC

to review the financial positions of municipalities apart from Panchayati Raj

InstitutionsandmakerecommendationstotheGovernor.
7) Committee for District Planning: Article 243 ZD provides for constitution of
District Planning Committee at district level in every state, to consolidate the
plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities in the district and to
prepareadraftdevelopmentplanforthedistrictasawhole.
a) A close study of this article provides a reasonable inference that each
municipalityisexpectedtoprepareaplanforitsareaandundertakethetask
of urban planning including town planning, regulation of land uses,
construction of buildings and phasing of the programme for economic and
socialdevelopmentasenvisagedintheTwelfthSchedule.
b) The DPC would provide interaction with the municipal bodies and
panchayatiRajinstitutions,inadditiontoplanningandconflictresolutions.
8) Committee for Metropolitan Planning: Article 243 ZE provides for
constitution of a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) for planning a
metropolitan area having a population of 10 lakh or more, comprising one or
moredistrictsandconsistingofoneormoremunicipalitiesorpanchayats.
9) Scheduled Areas: In terms of Article 243 M of 73rd&243ZC of 74th CAA, these
provisionsshallnotapplytoScheduledareasandTribalareas asreferredtoin
Article244oftheConstitution(i.eScheduledareasandscheduledtribesinthe
StatesofAssam,Meghalaya,TripuraandMizoram.)However,Parliamentmayby
law,extendtheprovisionsofPartIXAtotheseareassubjecttosuchexceptions
andmodificationsasmaybespecifiedinthatlaw.
In order to provide time to State Governments to allow changes to be made in the

thenexistingStateMunicipallawswhichwereinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthe
74thCAA,atransitionperiodofoneyearwasprovided,uptill31stMay1994.
1.2. New Roles and Functions of State Town and Country

PlanningDepartment
The new role of Town and Country Planning Departments that emerges out of the
provisionsofthe73rd&74thCAAshall,amongothers,include1:
a) AdviceandtechnicalassistancetotheStateGovernmentonmatterspertaining
to spatial planning and development as well as implementation of state
programmes;
b) InitiationofactionpertainingtoprovisionoflegalsupportinrelevantActsfor
socioeconomic, spatial planning and development processes; and on the
suggestedRegionalandUrbanDevelopmentPlanningsystem;
1 UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 & MM


c) Assistance to the State Urban and Regional Planning Board in formulation of

theStatePerspectivePlanandstrategyofspatioeconomicdevelopmentofthe
State, having regard to proposals contained in district and metropolitan area
developmentplans;
d) Division of the State into various planning regions taking into account the
physical,sociocultural,economicandclimaticconsiderationsandformulation
ofplansoftheirspatioeconomicdevelopmenttoserveasaguideforresolving
interdistrict developmental issues and provide basis for interdistrict co
operationandcoordinationwithaviewtopreparedistrictdevelopmentplans
moreharmonious;
e) Scrutinyofthedistrictandmetropolitanareadevelopmentplansforapproval
of State Government, taking into account the State perspective plan, spatio
economic development strategy and proposals of relevant planning region
coveringthedistrictofthemetropolitanarea;
f) Ensuring that respective settlement Development Plans prepared by local
authoritiesarewithintheframeworkoftheapprovedperspectiveplanofthe
State/settlement;
g) Technical assistance to local authorities if so requested at the cost of the
concernedbody;
h) Preparationofthedevelopmentplanincaseofdefaultbythelocalauthority,
district planning committee or the metropolitan planning committee, if so
directedbytheStateGovernment,atthecostoftheconcernedplanningbody;
i) Provision of necessary research input directly or through the help of
consultants in formulation of policies, strategies, norms, standards, laws,
regulations and rules pertaining to urban and regional planning and
developmentmatters;
j) Provisionofmanpowertrainingfacilities;
k) Establishment of an Urban and Regional Information System and
disseminationofinformation.
1.3. Status of the Provisions of 74th Constitution Amendment

ActonUrbanLocalBodies
The 74th CAA envisages that the District and Metropolitan Planning Committees
consolidateplanspreparedbythe PanchayatsandtheMunicipalitiesinthedistrict/
metropolitan region. It shall prepare a draft development plan for the district/
metropolitanregionasawholeandsendthedraftDistrictandMetropolitanPlansto
theStateGovernment.Theimplicationisthattheseplansaretobeintegratedwiththe
State Plans. As per the Constitutional mandate, the District and Metropolitan
Development Plans have to ensure coordinated spatial planning, sharing of natural

and other resources, integrated provision of infrastructure and environmental

conservation.TheapproachhasbeenmaintainedforregionalplanninginChapter4of
Volume1.
TheconstitutionofDPCandMPCin74thCAAisanapproachfortheStatestoaddress
regional planning issues. However, these provisions have not been adopted at all
Indialevel.ThestudycarriedoutbyNationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)Impact
oftheConstitution(74th)AmendmentActontheUrbanLocalBodies:AReview,April
2007 and MOUD Strategic Plan of Ministry of Urban Development for 20112016
reveals that only few States have undertaken constitution of MPC, DPC and Ward
Committees(WCs),whereastherearelargenumberofstateswhoareyettointegrate
theseprovisionintheirlegislativeframework.Thetablebelowshowsthestatewise
complianceof74thCAAprovisionsasonOctober2004.


Table1.3: StatewiseCompliancewith74thCAAasonOctober2004
Constitu
Regular Constitutionof
Sr. tionof Reservation
State/UT Conductof
No. ofSeats
ULBs Elections WCs DPCs MPCs SFCs
1. Andhra
9 9 9 9 9
Pradesh
2. Arunachal
9 9
Pradesh#
3. Assam 9 9 9 9 9
4. Bihar 9 9 9 9 9
5. Chhattisgarh 9 9 9 9 9
6. Delhi 9 9 9 9 9
7. Goa 9 9 9 9
8. Gujarat 9 9 9 9
9. Haryana 9 9 9 9 9
10. Himachal
9 9 9 9
Pradesh
11. Jharkhand 9 9 9
12. Karnataka 9 9 9 9 9 9
13. Kerala 9 9 9 9 9 9
14. Madhya
9 9 9 9 9 9
Pradesh
15. Maharashtra 9 9 9 9 9
16. Manipur 9 9 9 9
17. Meghalaya*
18. Mizoram*#
19. Nagaland*
20. Orissa 9 9 9 9 9
21. Punjab 9 9 9 9
22. Rajasthan 9 9 9 9 9
23. Sikkim# 9
24. TamilNadu 9 9 9 9 9 9
25. Tripura 9 9 9 9
26. Uttaranchal 9 9 9 9
27. UttarPradesh 9 9 9 9
28. WestBengal 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Source: NIUAupdatetable#TherearenomunicipalitiesinState
*Theprovisionsof74thCAAarenotappliedtocertainscheduleareasandtribesofIndia
Itcanbeobservedthatonly10stateshaveprovisionforconstitutingDPCsandonly1
statehasprovisionforconstitutingMPC.However,otherStateslikeMaharashtraand
AndhraPradeshnowhaveprovisionforconstitutingMPCs.

AccordingtoIndianInstitutesofPublicAdministration(IIPA) reportUrbanSector
FeedbackforMetropolitanPlanningCommittees,IIPA,thestatusoftheMetropolitan
Planning Committees constituted so far or those which are in the process of being
constitutedasin2011aregivenintablebelow:
Table1.4: StatusofMPCsinvariousStates
Metropolitan
S.No. NameofState StatusofMPC
City
1. WestBengal Kolkata Constituted
2. Maharashtra Mumbai Constituted
3. Maharashtra Nagpur Constituted
4. Maharashtra Pune Constituted
5. AndhraPradesh Hyderabad Atinitialstageofconstitution.
6. Karnataka Bengaluru Atinitialstageofconstitution.
7. MadhyaPradesh Bhopal Necessarylegislationisyettobepassed
8 UttarPradesh Kanpur StateGovernmentisconsideringtoissueanotification
underSection57AofUPMunicipalCorporationsAct,
1959forconstitutionofMPC
9. Gujarat Ahmedabad Tobeconstituted
10. Rajasthan Jaipur Tobeconstituted
11. Haryana Faridabad Constituted
Source:IIPA
AspertheIIPAReport,theStatesarereluctanttoexpeditefollowupwithregardto
implementationoftheconstitutionalprovisionsandmostofthemarelaggingbehind
in the preparation of Metropolitan Development Plan. Some of the reasons for not
operationalizingtheprovisionsoftheConstitutionalAmendmentActmaybe:
ThepreparationofMetropolitanDevelopmentPlanisaprofessionallyledspatial
exercise and is not mere consolidation of the sectoral plans. The MPCs lack
adequate/requisiteprofessionalcapacitiestoprepareit.
Lack of technical expertise in the Metropolitan Planning Committee or lack of
directions/guidanceforconstitutingthesame.
Prior to preparing a Metropolitan Development Plan (MDP), it is imperative to
delineate the metropolitan region based on certain criteria. Barring a few
megacitieslikeKolkata,Mumbai,Chennai,HyderabadandBengaluru,noneofthe
othermetropolitancitieshavedelineatedtheirrespectivemetropolitanregions.
For preparing Metropolitan Development Plan, a multi disciplinary team
comprising of Town & Country Planners as an urban planner and/or regional
planner,environmentalplanner,transportplannersandinfrastructureplanneras
thecoreteamandateamofexpertsasperrequirementofthestudyisessentially
amultidisciplinaryexercise.
Lack of will among the State Governments to take action for delineating the
metropolitanareaaswellaspreparingtheplanforthesame.

Lack of incentives/initiatives for taking appropriate action for preparation of

Metropolitan Development Plan which may not be the priority for some of the
StateGovernments.
AsperNIUAstudy,inKarnataka,KeralaandTamilNadu,DPCshavebeenconstituted
andtechnicallytheyarefunctioning.However,itislearntthatinKarnatakatheyhave
notbeenfunctioningasexpected.IncaseofMadhyaPradesh,itislearntthatDPChas
no executive powers. In Chhattisgarh, the DPCs are not functioning at all and no
meetingsofDPCsarebeingheld.Infact,Keralaistheonlystateinthesouthwhere
DPCsareactiveandfunctional.
Itisapparentthatmanystatesareyettointegrate74thCAAintermsofconstituting
DPC and MPC as a part of decentralized planning process in order to address the
issues at all levels. Report of the Working Group on Urban Strategic Planning
prepared by MoUD, has also emphasized a major thrust to Regional and Urban
PlanningandpreparationofDistrict,MetropolitanandCitySpatialandDevelopment
Plansthroughstrategicguidelinesandfinancialsupport.
1.4. Recommendations
Forpromotionofstrongerpublicprivatepartnership,itisessentialtoimplement73rd
and 74th CAA. Quality of development largely depends upon how direct and free
participationisincorporatedfordevelopmentprojectsinlocalareas,thisrequirement
is almost essential. Further, Guidelines recommend review and revision of Regional
Plans and Development Plans every 5 years. This review is critical mechanism for
guidingdevelopmentmeaningfullyandcanonlybedonethroughdirectinvolvement
oflocalcommunities(theirrepresentatives),concernedlocalauthoritiesandexperts.
ThereforeURDPFIGuidelinesrecommendsthatStatesshouldimplementthe73rdand
74thCAAattheearliest.Alllegalandadministrativehurdlesinimplementationshould
beaddressedandactionsshouldbetaken.SomeStateshavealreadyshownexamples
in this regard. For implementation of the provisions of 73rd and 74th CAA, the
recommendationsontheexistingsetupofDevelopmentAuthoritiesareasunder:
a) The existing State Regional and Town Planning Board, constituted under State
TownPlanningActmaycontinue.
b) The current planning role and function of Metropolitan Regional Planning and
DevelopmentAuthoritiesandBoardsconstitutedforplanninganddevelopment
of metropolitan regions may be in conflict with the role and functions of
Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) when constituted as mandatory
requirementoftheprovisionsofthe74thCAA.Consideringthisandalsothatan
establishedinstitutionneednotbedemolished,itissuggestedthatthesebodies
bereorganisedtoserveasMPCitselforalternativelyserveastechnicalarmof
MPC.TheKolkataMPCmodelisgiveninSection4.5.1ofvolume1.

c) The Area Planning and Development Authorities constituted to prepare and

enforcedevelopmentplansofurbancentresundertheStateTownandCountry
Planning Act or other Acts may have a conflict of role and functions with the
UrbanLocalAuthoritiesconstitutedundermodifiedStateMunicipalitiesAct.
d) Itissuggestedthat,takingintoconsiderationthespiritof74thCAA,thesebodies
shouldbemergedorworkastechnicalwingsoftheMPCandDPCwhereverthe
casemaybe.Administrativeamalgamationprocessshouldbeeffectivelydecided
bythestategovernments.
e) Theexistingsinglefunctionboards/undertakingslikeHousingBoard,Electricity
Board, Refuse Collection and Disposal Board, Transport Corporation/
Undertaking, which were constituted under various Acts for the purpose of
discharging the specifically assigned function, may continue, if so required by
thecouncilofthelocalauthority.
f) Training programmes for awareness building about development process and
relatedissuesamongtheelectedrepresentativesisimportant.Suchprogrammes
should be conducted by the state governments with the help of T&CP
Departmentandoutsideexperts.
g) Extra attention shall be paid on the development and administration of peri
urban areas through local selfgovernments so that ground developments of
outer fringes of large settlements are consistent with proposals of planning
activities.
TheConstitution(73rd&74thAmendment)Act,1992isappendedwithitswebURLin
AppendixO'ofVolumeIIB.

TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLand
AcquisitionRehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013
2 The Right to Fair Compensation and

Transparency in Land Acquisition
Rehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013
2.1. BasisofthenewAct
The Land Acquisition Act of 1894 was created with the purpose of facilitating
acquisition of privately held land by the government for public purposes. Land
Acquisition plainly means the acquisition of land for some public purpose by a
government agency from individual landowners, as authorised by the law, after
paying a governmentfixed compensation to cover losses incurred by landowners
fromsurrenderingtheirlandtotheconcernedgovernmentagency.
Over a period of time numerous issues were highlighted in the 1894 Act, such as;
cumbersome and costly procedure delaying the land acquisition, determination of
public purpose contestable at law, property valuation techniques were flawed
resulting in a heavy strain on public finances and restrictions on the scale of
development and redevelopment project. It was also argued that land was acquired
fornumberofprojectswithnopublicpurposeattached,asinthecaseofSEZs,atwell
belowthemarketvalueoftheproperties.Additionally,relocationandrehabilitation
oflandownersdisplacedbytheactionsoftheAct,wasnotcoveredcomprehensively
andadequately.
It is for these and other reasons that government proposed to replace the said Act
with a New Act The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (effective from 1stJanuary
2014).
ThisLawwasproposedduetothefollowingbasicreasons:
PublicconcernonlandacquisitionissuesandabsenceofNationallawtoprovide
for the Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) and compensation forloss of
livelihoods.
MultipleamendmentsweremadetotheoriginalAct,butprincipallawcontinued
tobethesamei.e.theLandAcquisitionAct,1894whichwasanoutdatedLaw.
Need for balance was felt for addressing concerns of farmers and those whose
livelihoodsweredependentonthelandbeingacquiredaswellasfacilitatingland
acquisitionforindustrialization,infrastructureandurbanization.
2.2. KeyFeatures
Salient features of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition,RehabilitationandResettlementAct,2013,areasfollowing:

AcquisitionRehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013 TheRFCLARRAct,2013
AsthetitleofthesaidActsuggests,itfavoursfaircompensationratherthanfast
acquisitionofland.Minimumcompensationforlandacquisition isdetailedoutin
theActandIndianstatesareevenempoweredtoprovidebenefitsandsafeguards
thatgooverandabovetheprovisionsofthislawtotheaffectedfamily.
Affectedfamilieshavebeendefinedaslandownersandlivelihoodlosers.
Safeguardforfoodsecurityhasbeenincludedbystatingthatmulticropirrigated
landwillbeacquiredonlyaslastresortunderexceptionalcircumstances.Still,if
such areas are acquired, equivalent area of culturable wasteland is to be
developed for agricultural purposes or an amount equivalent to the value of the
landacquiredshallbedepositedwiththeappropriategovernmentforinvestment
inagricultureforenhancingfoodsecurity.
Minimum rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R) entitlements package has been
introduced.AffectedfamilieswillhavechoiceofavailingoptionsgivenintheAct.
Specialprovisions,inadditiontotheR&Rpackage,havebeengivenforSCs/STs.
Role of PanchayatiRajInstitutions especially GramSabhas has been enhanced in
theAct.ConsentofGramSabhaismandatoryforacquisitioninScheduledArea.
Special Provisions have been provided to the farmers like, farm land will be
acquiredonlywhennounutilisedlandisavailable,enhancescompensation,prior
consent of land losers, increased share in sale of acquired land and exemption
from income tax and from stamp duty, damage to crops will be included in
compensation price, 20% of the developed land (if land was acquired for
urbanizationpurpose)willbeofferedtothefarmers.
UnderthenewAct,landcanbereturnedtooriginalownersiftheStatesodecides,
with the condition that land is not used within 5 years in accordance with the
purposeforwhichitwasacquired.
RoleoftheDistrictCollectorhasbeenreducedinthenewActascomparedtothe
old one, where collector had complete authority to decide what activity
constituted public purpose. Under the new law, these roles of the collector are
not prescribed. Under the old Act, collector could decide what quantum of
compensation could be paid to those displaced while the new law has a formula
fordecidingthequantumofcompensation.
InthenewAct,benefitsfortenantsandsharecroppershavebeenintroduced.The
law covers all tenants and sharecroppers, artisans; who will not just bear the
rehabilitation and resettlement benefits but will also have a share in the
compensation.
In the Resettlement area, 25 infrastructural amenities have to be provided to
minimise the impact of relocation. Few of such amenities are roads, proper
drainage and sanitation, safe drinking water, grazing land, fair price shops, post
offices,storagefacility,transportfacility,burialorcremationgroundetcetera.
TheprovisionoftheNewLawhasbeenmadecompliantwithotherlawssuchas;
The Panchayats Act, 1996, The Schedule Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
DwellersAct,2006andlandtransferregulationsinScheduleVarea.Thisacthas

AcquisitionRehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013
gone one step further by providing consent of GramSabhas rather than just
consultationasintheabovementionedActs.
Diversesafeguardshavebeenprovidedagainstindiscriminateacquisitionofland.
Suchas,socialimpactassessmenthasbeenmademandatoryexceptforirrigation
projectsandithastobecompletedwithin6months.Useofacquiredlandcannot
bechangedfromthepurposespecifiedinthelanduseplansubmittedattimeof
landacquisition.
TransparencyprovisionshavebeenprovidedinAct,fewofwhichare,GramSabha
hastobeconsultedinSocialImpactAssessment(SIA)process,SIAdocumenttobe
madeavailableforpublicscrutiny,alldocumentsmandatorytobemadeavailable
inthepublicdomainandonthewebsiteetcetera.
TimelineshavebeenspecifiedinActtomaketheprocessoflandacquisitiontime
bound.Likecompensationhastobegivenwithinaperiodofthreemonthsfrom
the date of the award. Monetary R&R entitlements are to be provided within a
periodofsixmonthsfromthedateoftheaward.
ProvisionsoftheNewLawdonotapplytotheactivitiescoveredunderother13
Government of India Laws which permits land acquisition for specific purposes
(like, legislations relating to National Defence, National Highway, and Railway).
Though the provisions of the New Law relating to compensation, rehabilitation
andresettlementwillapplybyanotificationoftheCentreGovernment.
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitation
and Resettlement Act, 2013 is a legislation that regulates land acquisition and
provideslaiddownrulesforgrantingcompensation,rehabilitationandresettlement
totheaffectedpersons.TheActhasprovisionstoprovidefaircompensationtothose
whose land is acquired permanently or temporarily, brings transparency to the
processofacquisitionoflandtosetupfactoriesorbuildings,infrastructuralprojects
andassuresrehabilitationofthoseaffected.TheActestablishesregulationsforland
acquisition as a part of India's massive industrialization driven by publicprivate
partnership.
TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitation
andResettlementAct,2013isappendedwithwebURLinAppendixOofVolumeIIB.


AcquisitionRehabilitation&ResettlementAct,2013 TheRFCLARRAct,2013
Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.

ModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985
3 Model Regional and Town Planning and

DevelopmentLaw,1985
3.1. Keyfeatures
Town and Country Planning Organisation (TCPO) formulated the Model Town and
CountryPlanningLawintheyear1960.ThismodelActwasrevisedbyTCPOinyear
1985 as Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law to enact a
comprehensiveurbanandregionalplanninglegislationinalltheStatesandUTs.It
is in the form of guidelines which ensures better overseeing and coordination of
planning with implementation, so that a single agency can undertake both these
functions. In the model, the planning and development authority to be constituted
hasbeenequippedwithfullplanninganddevelopmentpowerstodischargethetask
ofplanningandimplementation.
The Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law, 1985 provides for
thefollowing:
1) Constitution of State Regional and Town Planning Board by the State

Governmentforthepurposeofadvisingonthedelineationoftheregionfor
theplanneddevelopment,
2) Directing the preparation of metropolitan, regional and area plans by the
metropolitan,regionalandareaplanninganddevelopmentauthorities,
3) Setting up of metropolitan, regional and area planning and development
authoritiesfordifferenturbanandruralareaswithintheStatetoundertake
preparationofdevelopmentplansandtoenforceandimplementthem,
4) Coordinating the planning and implementation of physical development
programmes,
5) TheModelLawprovides3stepsfortheadministrationofthislaw,thesteps
arefollowing:
a) Preparationofexistinglandusemap,
b) Preparation of an outline development plan and comprehensive
developmentplanandtheirenforcement,and
c) Preparation of detailed schemes of development or redevelopment as
envisagedintheplansandtheirimplementation.
The Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law was prepared in
1985,almost30yearsago,sincethenmanylegislativeandideologicalchangeshave
takenplaceinthedevelopmentalapproachofGoI.Alsotoincorporatetheprovisions
of74thCAA,theModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLawrequires
a complete revision and restructuring. Accordingly, the suggested changes in the
Modellawaredescribedinthefollowingsections:

3.2. Suggestedmodificationsinthelaw
Replacing old Land Acquisition Act with the LARR Act (2013): Land
Acquisition Act of 1894 is suggested to be replaced by The Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
ResettlementAct,2013.
MandatoryImplementationof73rdand74thCAAs:Itshouldbemandatoryby
allUrbanLocalBodies(ULBs),tofollow74thCAA,formakingULBsastrongand
effective body through devolution of power and functions. On the same line,
KeralaTownandCountryPlanningDepartmentimplementedKeralaTownand
CountryPlanningOrdinance2013,whichcameintoeffectfollowingthe73rdand
74th amendments to the Constitution. The ordinance constitutes the District
PlanningCommittee(DPC)atdistrictlevelandMetropolitanPlanningCommittee
(MPC)atMetropolitanlevel.
In MPC/DPC, full time dedicated urban and regional professionals for better
assessment,preparationandexecutionorimplementationofplanatbothlevels
are required. In the DPC, an average of 1 Planner for 1 million populationis
suggestedbytheTCPO,whileinMPC1TownPlannerisrequiredforpopulation
of5lakh.

Interstate Planning provisions, organization structure, roles and
responsibilities
The main objective for setting up InterState Planning concept is to promote

economic growth and balanced development of the Region (two or more than
twostates)forprovidingsuitableinfrastructuraldevelopmentthroughinterrail
androadbasedtransportationnetworks,minimizingtheadverseenvironmental
impact, developing selected urban settlements with urban infrastructure
facilities. In India a number of InterState planning organizations have been
establishedtoachievetheabovesaidobjectives.
In 1985, Enactment of the National Capital Region Planning Board Act by the
Union Parliament, with the concurrence of the participating States of Haryana,
RajasthanandUttarPradesh,NCRPlanningBoardwasconstituted.
Under section 8 of the NCRPB Act, the powers of the Board shall include the
powersto:
Callforreportsandinformation fromtheparticipatingStates andtheUnion
territory with regard to preparation, enforcement and implementation of
FunctionalPlansandSubregionalPlans;
Ensure that the preparation, enforcementand implementation of Functional
Plan or SubRegional Plan, as the case may be, is in conformity with the
RegionalPlan;
IndicatethestagesfortheimplementationoftheRegionalPlan;


Review the implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plan, Sub

RegionalPlanandProjectPlan;
Selectandapprovecomprehensiveprojects,callforprioritydevelopmentand
providesuchassistancefortheimplementationofthoseprojectsastheBoard
maydeemfit;
Select,inconsultationwiththeStateGovernmentconcerned,anyurbanareas,
outsidetheNationalCapitalRegionhavingregardtoitslocation,population
and potential for growth, which may be developed in order to achieve the
objectivesoftheRegionalPlan;and
EntrusttotheCommitteesuchotherfunctionsasitmayconsidernecessaryto
carryouttheprovisionsofthisAct.
Similarinterstatedevelopmentregionsmaybenecessarytobeplannedinother
partsofIndiaespeciallyinvolvingfastchangingurbanregionswhichfallinmore
thanoneState.TheLawissuggestedtobemodifiedtoincludeprovisionsfornot
onlyDPCandMPCbutalsoforinterstateauthoritiesasstatedabove.
Joint Area Committee: Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance,

2013providesconstitutionofJointAreaCommitteeforanareaofmorethanone
MunicipalCorporation,MunicipalCouncil,TownPanchayatorVillagePanchayat
eitherinfullorinpart.Forthepurposeofplanningoftheareainwhichtheyare
jointlyinterestedorforwhichtheyareresponsible.
Innovative Systems of Land Assembly: There are various techniques to

develop small or fragmented land parcels into usable land through transfer of
ownership.SomeofthesetechniquesaresuggestedtobeincludedintheLaw.
Town Planning Scheme: Town Planning Scheme has emerged as a
successfulmodeloflanddevelopment;itissuggestedtoincludetheprovision
intheLaw.TheMaharashtraRegionalandTownPlanning(MRTP)Act,1966,
TheGujaratTownPlanningandUrbanDevelopmentAct(GTPUDA),1976and
now Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance, 2013, have included
provisionsforTownPlanningScheme.
Land Pooling and Development Schemes2: Land Pooling scheme aims to

prevent, selling of land without the owners consent. Under Delhi Land
PoolingPolicy,landownerscansurrendertheirlandholdingintothecentral
poolandbestakeholdertothedevelopmentproposedintheirland.Oncethe
landispooled,thelandownerwouldgetbackcertainamountoflandoftheir
totallandsurrenderedlandasdevelopableland.

Transferable Development Rights (TDR), TDR is a technique of land
development which separates the development potential of a particular
2 Source: Master Plan of Delhi, 2021.


parceloflandfromandallowsitsuseelsewherewithinthedefinedzonesof
the city. TDR is taken away from the zone and it is tradable. The Law shall
define its use as a technique for redevelopment and reconstruction of inner
cityzones.

AccommodationReservation:TheconceptofAccommodationReservation
allows the land owners to develop the sites reserved for an amenity in the
development plan using full permissible FSI/FAR on the plot subject by
agreeing to entrust and hand over the built up area of such amenity to the
local authority free of all encumbrances and accept the full FSI/FAR as
compensation in lieu thereof.This mechanism has considerably relieved the
localauthoritiesfromincurringhugeexpensesforthepurposeofacquisition
ofsuchlandsandcanbeconsideredintheLawwithcertainconditions.
Encouraging Private and Joint Sector Participation: The current policies of

economic liberalization in the country and the emphasis on private sector
participationinplanninganddevelopmentprocessshouldbeprovidedwiththe
appropriate legal support. It is suggested that private sector participation in
certain sectors shall be allowed and encouraged by the law in light of the FDI
policy. Local Self Government has to consult nongovernmental institutions,
organizationsandprofessionalbodiesinthepreparationofPerspectivePlanfor
theDistrictandMetropolitanArea.
TimeLine:Regional Plans and Development Plans should be for 20 years with

the provisions for review / revision every 5 years to be coterminus with the
StateFiveYearplan.Differentplanssuggested:
RegionalPlan(Interstate/Interdistrict/district)
DevelopmentPlan(planningareaincludingtheMunicipalarea)
Currentlydifferenttimelineisfollowedforreviewofregionalandcityor
metropolitandevelopmentplansbydifferentstateswhichshouldbe
standardisedasfaraspossible.
TamilNadu,MizoramandGujarathaveprovisionofrevisingDevelopmentalPlan
once in 5 years of plan preparation. Karnataka provides for revision only after
ten years and Maharashtra in twenty years. Himachal Pradesh provides for
revision but gives no minimum time frame. Bihar has no provision of plans
revision.
State Regulatory Body The UrbanRegional Planning& Development

Regulatory Authority (Town Planning Board/ Town Planning Committee
(Kerala))suggested by the URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 to be established by State
Governmentsthroughstatutorysupport.TheroleofthisStateBodywouldbeto
regulate and monitor the functioning of Development bodies. The regulatory


authorityatthestatelevelmayfunctionasanappellantauthoritytoaddressthe
grievancesredressal.Itshallalsolistofauthoritiesandrolesandresponsibilities
to avoid multiplicity. Regulatory body should review the smooth functioning of
theagenciestoovercomethemultiplicity,duplicationorgaps.Theestablishment
ofthisauthoritywouldrequireamendmentofStateTownandCountryPlanning
Acts.
This State level apex regulatory body for appropriate functioning should be
chaired, preferably, by the Chief Minister of the state with other members
decidedbytheStategovernment.TheroleofStateauthoritytobereferredfrom
VolumeI(section3.6).
DisasterRiskManagement:Disaster risk management with specific reference

toclimatechangeimpactandappropriateresponseforitshouldbeincorporated
asanimportantcomponentofplanformulationwithfocusonbetterenergyuse,
watermanagement,greenbalanceandreductionofvulnerabilitytodisaster.
City Infrastructure Fund: A City Infrastructure Fund should be established at

urban centers by the Executive order of State Government. It should be other
than the Budget fund and dedicated only for the Urban and Regional
Infrastructure development. The possible sources of funding for the
infrastructure fund must be defined and streamlined in consultation with State
FinanceCommissionbytheStateGovernment.
Planning for Green Cities: In view of the need for accelerated urban
development and to guide cities to ecofriendly, Green city development
approach should be given priority especially in green field development.
Planningforsuchcitiesshouldbeencouragedandprovisionsforthesametobe
includedintheAct.
ThechangesintheModelLawshouldbeconsideredbasedontheabovementioned
points,provisionfromvariousStateTownandCountryPlanning Actsanddetailed
study by Town and Country Planning Organisation. The Model Regional and Town
PlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985isappendedwithitswebURLinAppendixO
ofVolumeIIB.




ModelMunicipalLaw,2003
4 ModelMunicipalLaw,2003
4.1. Keyfeatures
The Model Municipal Law, 2003 prepared by Ministry of Urban Development and
PovertyAlleviation(theerstwhileundividedMinistry)isaninitiativetoimplement
theprovisionsofthe74thCAAforempowermentofurbanlocalbodiesandprovide
legislativeframeworkforimplementationoftheUrbanReformAgenda.TheLawis
expectedtoenhancethecapacitiesofULBstoleveragepublicfundsfordevelopment
ofurbansectorandprovideanenvironmentsothaturbanlocalbodiescanplaytheir
rolemoreeffectivelyandensurebetterservicedelivery.
ThesalientfeaturesoftheModelMunicipalLaware:
1) Constitution of the Municipal Area based on population, classification of the
threelevelsofMunicipalitiesanditsconstitution.
2) AlltheexecutiveactionsoftheEmpoweredStandingCommitteeshallbetaken
inthenameofMunicipality.
3) IndirectelectionofMayororChairpersonforafiveyearterm.
4) ConstitutionofWardsandWardCommittees.
5) State Level Municipal Establishment Audit Commission to review the staff
status.
6) ClassificationofMunicipalfunctionsinto:
a) Core municipal functions including water supply, drainage and sewerage,
solidwastemanagement,roads,etcetera;
b) FunctionsassignedbyGovernment3;and
c) Otherfunctions.
7) State government can dissolve an elected body if it shows default in
performance or abuse of powers, after giving due notice and review by a
committee.
8) ProvisiontoimplementrecommendationsoftheStateFinanceCommission.
9) Municipalfundwithseparateaccountsforvariousservices.
10) PreparationofbudgetestimationofMunicipality.
11) Preparation of State Municipal Accounting Manual and appointment of the
MunicipalAccountsCommittee.
12) StateGovernmentcanappointaprofessionalcharteredaccountantasauditor.
ULBstopreparebalancesheetoftheassetsandliabilitiesannually.
13) Municipalitiestoprepareaninventoryofpropertieseachyear.
3 The functions assigned by Central/ State Government may be undertaken subject to the underwriting of the costs by the
concerned levels of government.

StateLevelLegalFramework
14) State Government to frame a Comprehensive Debt Limitation Policy laying
down the general principles of borrowings of loans with regard to
Municipalitiesfinancialcapacity.
15) Powerofmunicipalitiestoraiseloans.
16) Internal revenues of Municipality and power to levy taxes, user charges, fees
andfines,developmentcharge,advertisement,othertaxesandtolls.
17) EnableparticipationofprivatesectorandNGOsinconstruction,financingand
deliveryofservicesincludingbillingandcollection.
18) Enable setting up of State Municipal Regulatory Commission that will

determine user charges and standard of services suggest avenues of private
sectorparticipationandensurefairdealtocitizens.
19) Agendaforurbanenvironmentmanagement.Municipalitiestoprepareannual
environmentalandsubsidyreports
20) Provides for the representation of Municipalities in District and Metropolitan
PlanningCommittees.
21) Provision for improvement in existing area such as removal of congested
buildings
22) Constitution of Municipal Streets Technical Committee and other aspects
relatedtostreets
23) UniquePremisesNumberingSystem
24) Provisionsforbuildings
25) MunicipalLicenses
26) MaintenanceofStatistics
27) ManagementofDisasters
4.2. SuggestedchangesintheLaw
TheModelMunicipalLaw(MML)wasintroducedmorethanadecadeback;it
is pertinent that the provisions of MML need to be updated to bring it in
harmony with the recent developments in the Municipal Law. MoUD study
undertaken by NUIA to review the MML, suggested various points for
revision of the provisions given in MML, based on their status of
implementation.
TherearevariousprovisionsinthecurrentscenariothatarevitalforMMLto
bring it in line with the new developments in municipal governance.
Provisions like reservations of seats for Women/SC/ST/BC in Municipality,
Local Bodies/Municipal Ombudsman, functions and duties of Area Sabha
Representative,disclosureofvariousdocumentsrelatingtomunicipalaffairs,
accrual based double entry system of accounts, defining functions and


responsibilitiesofDPCsandMPCsaresuggestedtobedetailedoutunderthe
MML.
The above mentioned NUIA study has also highlighted lack of critical
provisions in MML, such as, municipal ombudsman, accrual based double
entry system; public disclosure of budget, financial and accounts of
municipality; public private partnership (PPP) in the delivery of basic
servicesofthemunicipality,andinperformanceofinfrastructureprojects.
4.2.1. Clause(s)forinclusioninthepresentMML
Definitions of area sabha and area sabha representatives shall be
definedintheMML.
MML to be the Model Law for States to follow. It should clearly have a
clause defining Annual Rateable Value / Capital Value / Unit Area
Value/AnnualLettingValue.
DefinitionofLocalBodiesorMunicipalOmbudsman/underjurisdiction
of LokAyukta should be defined. According to 13th Central Finance
Commission, the state government must put in place a system of
independent local body Ombudsman. However, it is left to the States to
decidewhichsystemtofollow.
Provision on reservation: Article 243 T of the Constitution of India
provides for reservation of women, SC, ST, and BC. Since MML
supplementtheaimsof74thCAA,itshouldbeincorporatedinMML.
Provisions relating to Local Bodies/Municipal Ombudsman: The Second
Administrative Reforms Commission and the 13th Finance Commission have
recommendedthataseparateOmbudsmanforlocalbodiesbeconstitutedtolook
into the complaints of corruption and maladministration against the
functionariesoflocalbodies.
ThismayalsoincludeStaffsreviewontheNonEthicpractisesandprovisionfor
the protection of whistle blowers. In case, the municipality opts to create a
positionoflocalbodiesombudsman,itisnecessarytoaddprovisionsrelatingto
appointment,functions, powers, term of office, conditions of service, procedure
ofdisposalofcomplaintfiledtohisofficeetcetera.
Formulation of citizens charter provision for Citizens Charter formulation
under Action Plan for Effective and Responsive Government (1997) to be
suggested in the MML. Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill, 2011 is
also under consideration in Parliament, which will support the amendment in
MML. The role of the charter to be well defined including Grievance Redressal
other thanthose handled by Local Bodies/Municipal Ombudsman and focus on
developmentofegovernancemechanismsforPublicaccountability,Dutiesofthe
staff,TransparencyandPeoplesparticipation.

Accrual Based Double Entry Accounting System: Currently double entry
accounting system is followed by most of the Municipalities in the country.
However, as per the mandate of the JnNURM, accrual based accounting system
should be followed as it estimates the future generation of revenue and
expenditureoftheMunicipality.MMLdoesnotmentionthisprovision.Sinceit
is one of the important reforms undertaken through JnNURM scheme, it is
importantthatacorrespondingprovisionisincorporatedintheMML.
Action taken report: The Municipal Authorities must send an action taken
report to the State Government on the defects detected by the government
auditor.ItisimperativethatthisprovisionshouldbeincludedinMMLforother
statestofollow.
Establishment of Escrow Account for any particular project: An escrow
accountforparticularprojectshelpsthemunicipalitytomaintaintheiraccounts
clear in terms of borrowing and in terms of future borrowings needs of the
municipality. It will increase transparency for the lenders/stakeholders.
Considering few states have already established an escrow account, such
provisionmaybeaddedtoMMLasanoptionforthemunicipalitiesthatwishto
optforit.
PropertyTaxassessment:MML should have a provision regarding manner of
assessment of property tax. Municipal Acts must specify whether an assessee
would file a Selfassessment or a bill would be presented to him by the
municipality.
FunctionsandResponsibilitiesofDPC&MPC: MML only speaks of
constitutionofthesecommittees,whichdoesnotsufficethepurpose.Therefore,
it is suggested to define the provisions relating to composition, role and
responsibilitiesofMPC/DPCaswellastheirjurisdictionsasenvisagedunderthe
constitutional provisions including specifying the organization which will
functionasthetechnicalandadministrativesecretariatoftheMPC/DPC.
Fire hazard and disaster risk response: One of the conditions of the 13th
CentralFinanceCommissionwasthatallthemunicipalcorporationsmustputin
placeafirehazardresponseandmitigationplanformillionpluscities.Therefore,
MMLshouldcontainaprovisionwithrespecttofirehazardresponseplan,ifnot
foralltheDisastermanagements.URDPFIrecommendsfirehazarddisasterrisk
responsetobeincorporatedfocusingonreductionofvulnerability.
State Regulatory Body The Urban and Regional Development Regulatory
Authority suggested by to be established by State Governments through
statutory support should play a crucial role to regulate and monitor the
functioning of Development bodies. Grievances redressal system, roles and
responsibilities of authorities to be integrated with the State Regulatory Body.
Therefore, functions of State Regulatory Body to be incorporated in the Model
Municipal Law.


4.2.2. AdditionalProvisions
4.2.2.1. StatePropertyTaxBoard/Act
The13thCentralFinanceCommissionrecommendedforaStateProperty
Tax Boardto put in place an independent and transparent procedure for
assessingpropertytax.
MML provides for a provision mentioning the State Property Tax Board,
however, it does not clearly state the provisions relating to its
establishment, composition, functions, powers, accounts, budget, etc. It
couldbeausefulprovisionsincepropertytaxationisanimportantsource
ofrevenueandthiswouldhelpimprovethevaluationofthepropertyina
systematicandtransparentway.
4.2.2.2. StateFinanceCommission
The 13th Central Finance Commission suggests that the States

Governments must prescribe through an Act qualification of persons
eligible for appointment of the State Finance Commission (SFC).
Therefore,MMLissuggestedtoprescribeaprovisionforestablishmentof
permanentSFCcell.
4.2.2.3. NotificationwithRespecttoServiceLevels
The 13th Central Finance Commission suggests that State Government

mustnotifyorcauseallmunicipalitiestonotifyattheendofthefiscalyear
the service standards for four service sectors (Water Supply, Storm
WaterDrainage,SewerageandSWM).Forasteptowardsthecompliance
ofsuchreforms,MMLmustcontainthisprovision.
4.2.2.4. HumanResourcesPolicyReform
Services provided by local bodies for SWM, Sewage, Water Channels and
Electricityplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingenvironmentalstandardsof
cityandaswellqualityoflifeofresidents.Municipallawlooksatonlythe
performance of this function. However, the most neglected part of this
functionisthehealthhazardsoftheemployees,whoaredirectlyrelatedto
perform this function. For mitigating health hazards to the employees of
the Municipality dealing in the works relating to sewerage, garbage
collection,etc.Municipalityshouldprovidepropergeartoitsemployees
like uniforms, gloves, gum boots, masks, firstaid kit etc. Even though
human contact cannot be avoided in the performance of these tasks, the
only minimal requirement of proper equipment and gear should be

providedtoemployees.Inclusionofthisprovisionisimportanttorealize
thevisionofsmart,sustainableandresponsiblecities.
4.2.2.5. Exemptionsasincentive
It is essential to provide for the extent of Exemption in the property

taxation on defined conditions. Property tax exemption can be provided
for following or implementing certain desirable projects like, Green
development, Rain water harvesting, solar power installation in building
andGreenbuildingetc.asanincentive.AspertheNUIAstudy,Municipal
ActsofBiharhasnoprovisionmentioningtheexemptionsfromproperty
taxation,butmanyotherstateshavealreadyprovidedforexemptions.Itis
suggestedthatMMLprovideforanysuchprovision.
4.2.2.6. RainWaterHarvestingMandatory
It is one of the optional reforms under JnNURM. Looking at the urban

growth, rainwater harvesting should be a mandatory provision in all the
Actstorechargegroundwaterandaugmentoverallwateravailability.Such
provisions in the Municipal Act may ensure its application in the Local
AreaPlansandSpecialPurposePlan.Itissuggestedtoincludethisinthe
MMLandplaceswhereitcanbemademandatorywithinthebuildingbye
lawsdependinguponenforcementcapabilitiesandlocalconditions.
The Model Municipal Law, 2003 is appended with URL in Appendix O of

VolumeIIB.


StateLevelLegalFrameworkComparativeAnalysisOverview
5 State Level Legal Framework Comparative

AnalysisOverview
Urban and regional planning legislation controls the planning and development
activity in a State. Some states have comprehensive Town and Country Planning
legislation which provides for urban planning and development from a regional
perspective beyond the city limits and coordinated with the overall framework of
economicdevelopment,prioritiesandresourceavailability.Someofthesestatesare
Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab,
Rajasthan,TripuraandUttarPradesh.
Town and Country Planning Organisation (TCPO) with the direction from MoUD
conducted brainstorming session throughout the country during 2008 to 2010.
Further, during the formulation of URDPFI Guidelines, various workshops were
conducted in both the studies to share knowledge on urban development practices
and development policies / strategies of respective States and recommendations /
advicewereprovidedtoalltheStates.TCPOhasanalysedthestatusofT&Cplanning
Acts of the States. An overview of the States in terms of implementation of T&C
Planning Acts in their jurisdiction is given in Table no. 5.1. This table has been
updatedasperthelatestinformationavailableason31stJuly2013fromTCPOwith
respecttothecitieswhohavepreparedStatutoryMasterPlans.



Table5.1: ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActs&implementationacrossNation
Noof Towns
WhetherTown No.of
Towns No.of Statutory No.of No.ofMaster having
andCountry WhetherT&CP Statutory
Sr.No NameofState asper Census Towns MasterPlan PlansUnder Master
PlanningDept. Actenacted Towns
Census Towns (%) Approved Preparation Plan
Exists (ULBs)
2011 (%)
1 AndhraPradesh Directorateof AndhraPradesh 353 228 125 35 89 60 25
Town&Country TownandCountry
Planning PlanningAct,1920

2 Arunachal Departmentof ArunachalPradesh 27 1 26 96 1 3 4
Pradesh Town&Country UrbanandCountry
3 Assam Directorateof AssamTownand 214 126 88 41 36 42 17
Town&Country CountryPlanning
Planning Act,1959
4 Bihar Departmentof BiharUrbanand 199 60 139 70 9 20 1
Town&Country RegionalPlanning
Planning andDevelopment
Act,2011
5 Chhattisgarh Departmentof ChhattisgarhTown 182 14 168 92 28 64 15
Town&Country andCountry
6 Goa Departmentof GoaTownand 70 56 14 20 13 19
Town&Country CountryPlanning
Planning Act,1974
7 Gujarat Departmentof GujaratTown 348 153 195 56 125 14 33
Town&Country Planning&Urban
Planning DevelopmentAct,
1976

Noof Towns
WhetherTown No.of
Exists (ULBs)
2011 (%)
8 Haryana Departmentof Haryana 154 74 80 52 66 20
Town&Country Development&
Planning Regulationof
UrbanAreasAct,
1975.
9 Himachal Departmentof HimachalPradesh 59 3 56 95 19 0 31
Pradesh Town&Country TownandCountry
10 Jammu& Departmentof Jammu&Kashmir 122 36 86 70 2 2
Kashmir Town&Country DevelopmentAct,
Planning 1970
11 Jharkhand Departmentof JharkhandTown 228 188 40 18 5 2
Town&Country Planningand
Planning ImprovementTrust
Act,1954(adopted
fromBihar)
12 Karnataka Departmentof KarnatakaTown 347 127 220 63 159 7 46
Town&Country andCountry
13 Kerala Departmentof KeralaTown 520 461 59 11 49 15 9
Town&Country PlanningAct,1939
Planning
14 Madhya Departmentof MadhyaPradesh 476 112 364 76 93 63 18
Pradesh Town&Country NagarThathaGram
Planning NiveshNiyam,1975
15 Maharashtra Directorateof Maharashtra 534 278 256 48 275 51
TownPlanning& RegionalandTown


Noof Towns
WhetherTown No.of
Exists (ULBs)
2011 (%)
Valuation PlanningAct,1966
16 Manipur Departmentof ManipurTownand 51 23 28 55 19 0 37
TownandCountry CountryPlanning
Planning Act,1975
17 Meghalaya Directorateof MeghalayaTown 22 12 10 45 15 4 68
UrbanAffairs andCountry
PlanningAct,1973
18 Mizoram Departmentof MizoramUrban& 23 0 23 100 15 65
TownandCountry Regional
1990
19 Nagaland Departmentof NagalandTownand 26 7 19 73 10 1 38
Planning Act,1980
20 Orissa Departmentof Orissatown 223 116 107 48 72 22 32
TownandCountry Planningand
Planning ImprovementTrust
Act,1956
21 Punjab Departmentof PunjabRegional 217 74 143 66 32 27 6
TownandCountry TownPlanningand
1995
22 Rajasthan Departmentof RajasthanUrban 297 112 185 62 183 46 62
TownandCountry ImprovementAct,
Planning 1959
23 Sikkim Noindependent TheSikkimUrban 9 1 8 89 4 17 44
TownandCountry andRegional
Planning Planningand

Noof Towns
WhetherTown No.of
Exists (ULBs)
2011 (%)
Department, DevelopmentAct,
howeverTown 1998
Planningcellexists
underUrban
Developmentand
Housing
24 TamilNadu Departmentof TamilNaduTown 1097 376 721 66 123 50 11
TownandCountry andCountry
25 Tripura Departmentof TripuraTownand 42 26 16 38 13 2
Planning Act,1975
26 UttarPradesh Departmentof UttarPradesh 915 267 648 71 207 25 23
TownandCountry UrbanPlanningand
1973
27 Uttarakhand Departmentof UttarakhandUrban 115 41 74 64 42 0 37
TownandCountry Planningand
1973
28 WestBengal TownandCountry WestBengalTown 909 780 129 14 126 85 5
PlanningCell andCountry
functioningunder (Planningand
Urban Development)Act,
Development 1979
Department
29 A&NIslands. Noindependent Andaman& 5 4 1 20 1 Notreported 20
TownandCountry NicobarTownand


Noof Towns
WhetherTown No.of
Exists (ULBs)
2011 (%)
Planning CountryPlanning
Departmentexists Regulations,1994
asondate.Asmall
TownandCountry
Planningunitis
workingunderthe
Commcum
Secy(PWD/UD)&
ChiefEngraspart
ofAPWD.
30 Chandigarh Departmentof TheCapitalof 6 5 1 17 2 0
UrbanPlanning Punjab
(Developmentand
Regulation)Act,
1952
31 Delhi TownPlanning DelhiDevelopment 113 110 3 3 1 0 1
Department,MCD Act,1957
32 Dadra&Nagar Departmentof Dadra&Nagar 6 5 1 17 6 0 100
Haveli TownandCountry HaveliTownand
Planning CountryPlanning
Act,1974
33 Daman&Diu Departmentof Daman&DiuTown 8 6 2 25 1 0 13

Noof Towns
WhetherTown No.of
Exists (ULBs)
2011 (%)
34 Lakshadweep NoTownand Yettobeenacted 6 6 0 0 0
CountryPlanning
Department,
Howeverthe
worksarehanded
byPWD
35 Puducherry Departmentof PuducherryTown 10 4 6 60 4 0 40

GrandTotal 7933 3892 4041 51 1843 567 23
Source:TCPO,MoUD2011
As reflected in table above, barring UT of Lakshadweep, all States and UTs of India have Town and Country Planning Acts and
Departments. It has been noticed that all the new States including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand have their own Town and
CountryPlanningActs.However,theseActsaresameasenactedbytheiroriginalStatefromwheretheywerebifurcated.
There are few States which have enacted or are in process to enact new laws with respect to Urban Development and Town Planning.
BiharhasenactedBiharUrbanPlanningandDevelopmentAct,2012.
BasedontheunderstandingfromexistingUDPFIguidelines,itisessentialtoidentifygapsandbestpracticeswhichareadoptedbyStates
withrespecttoUrbanandRegionalDevelopment.ComparisonofsomeoftheStatesascasestudieshasbeenundertakenforthereview
T&CPActsofcountry.TheStateshavebeenchoseninsuchamannersothatitcoversalmostalltheregion,i.e.North,West,SouthandEast,
ofthecountry.Moreover,forreviewpurpose,variousparameterssuchasRegionalDevelopment,LandAcquisitionMechanism,affirmation
with74thCAA,institutionalsetupsareconsidered.TheseStatesare:


North:HimachalPradesh
South:TamilNaduandKarnataka
East:BiharandMizoram
West:MaharashtraandGujarat
Table5.2: ComparisonofTownandCountryPlanningActsofsevenStates
Himachal
S.No. Criteria TamilNadu Karnataka Pradesh Mizoram Bihar Maharashtra Gujarat
1 State ProvisionofState Provisionof Directorateof MizoramUrban BiharUrbanPlanning Noprovisionfor Noprovision
Planning Planningboard StatePlanning Townand Planningand andDevelopment StateLevel forStateLevel
Committee/B Board Country Development Board Planning Planning
oard/Authorit Planning, Board/committee TheGovernmentmay Committeeor Committeeor
y headedbythe alsoconstituteUrban Boardor Boardor
Director, ArtsandHeritage Authority. Authority.
appointedby Commission
State
2 FunctionsOf Toguide,direct NotApplicable NotIllustrated Toprepareand Toguide,directand NotApplicable NotApplicable
State andassistthe enforce assistthePlanning
Planning planning Integrated Authority
Board authorities Interim Adviseonthe
AdvisetheState Development delineationofthe
Governmenton Plan,Districtor PlanningArea(s)
planningmatters Regional anddirectthe
Development preparationof
Directthe
Plan,Ruralor DevelopmentPlan
preparationof
SectoralPlan,
Development Undertake,assist
Urban
PlansbyPlanning andadviseonthe
Development
Authorities coordinationof
PlanandAction
Prepareand planningand
Toprepare implementationof
furnishreports
Development physical
relatingtothe
Scheme development
workingT&CAct
Toprepare programmes
Regionaland Directthe

Himachal
RuralCentre preparationsofone
Development ormoreRegional
Planand DevelopmentPlan,
integratingUrban Regional
andRural Transportation
Development Plans,Town
schemesand DevelopmentPlans
Development Directthe
Planspreparedby preparationsofone
theMunicipalities ormoreregional
orVillage naturalresources
Councilsorany andenvironmental
Localauthority ConservationPlans
andassistthe
StateGovernment
tocoordinate
development
activitiesatall
levelswithinthe
PlanningAreaor
Region
3 Metropolitan Establishmentof Separate Noprovisionto Noprovisionto Theactdoesnthave Noprovision, Noprovision
Development Chennai Provisionin constitute constituteMPC provisionfor howevera toconstitute
/Planning Metropolitan Bangalore constitutingthe separateact
Authority/Co Metropolitan MetropolitanPlanning makes
Development
mmittee Region Authorityor mandatoryto
Authority Development Committee,however constitute
Functionsand AuthorityAct, itdefinesthefunction Mumbai
Powers: 1985 ofMPCtoprepare Metropolitan
DevelopmentPlanfor Regional
Topreparea
MetropolitanArea Development
MasterPlanora
Authorityunder
detailed


Himachal
Development Bombay
Planoranew Metropolitan
Town Region
Development Development
Plan AuthorityAct,
Toprepareanew 1974
Town
Development
Planforthearea
concernedto
securethelaying
outand
developmentof
thenewtownin
accordancewith
thenewTown
Development
Plan
4 PlanningArea RegionalPlanning Statehasgot Statetodeclare Stategovernmentin Stateonadviceof Criteriafor Development
areabasedon power Planningarea consultationwith Boardmaydeclareor delineationof areaand
Populationand todeclareany Boardor withdrawtheregions planningareais Urban
typeof areainthe Committeemay orareas,includinga notdescribed Development
development Statetobea declarethelimitof MetropolitanAreaor areatobe
LocalPlanning LocalPlanning TownorUrbanarea areafordevelopment declaredby
Areabasedon Area. intheState ofnewtownsinthe State
Populationand StatetobeaPlanning Government
typeof Area
developmentand
provisionin
RegionalPlan
NewTownArea
basedon
Populationand

Himachal
typeof
developmentand
provisionasnew
towninRegional
Plan
5 Planning Planning TheState Townand DistrictPlanning Statetoconstitutethe Regional Area
Authorities Authoritiestobe Governmentin Country andDevelopment PlanningAuthority Planning Developmen
constitutedat consultation Planning Committee anditshallbeknown Board tAuthority
differentlevelas: withtheBoard Authorityto CityorTown bysuchnameasthe Special Urban
TheRegional mayconstitute constituteby Planningand Governmentmay Planning Developmen
Planning Planning theState Development determine Authority tAuthority
Authority Authorityafter SpecialArea Committee
NewTown
declarationof Development
TheLocal Development
planningarea Authorityto
Planning Authority
Authority beestablished
forspecial
TheNewTown
areasas
Development
identifiedby
Authority
Stateorin
RegionalPlan
6 Functionand TheRegional Planning SpecialArea Functionand PlanningAuthority Regional Area
powersof PlanningAuthority Authority(as Development powersofPlanning shallcarryoutsuch PlanningBoard Development
Planning to: mentionedin Authority Authorityorboard functionsand to: Authorityto
Authority carryoutasurvey sectionabove) Toprepare aredescribed(same exercise carryouta undertake:
andprepare Preparationof Development asinrow2) suchpowersasmay surveyofthe Preparation
reportsonthe amapshowing Planforthe beprescribedbythe region,and of
surveys presentland specialarea; Rules prepare Developmen

preparean use toimplement PlanningAuthority reportsonthe tPlans
existinglanduse Theplanning the maycarryoutor surveysso preparation
map authorityto: Development causetobecarried carriedout ofTown
Plan outsurveysofits preparean Planning
Prepare
PlanningAreaandto


Himachal
LocalPlanning Outline toprovidefor preparereportor existingland Schemesto
Authorityto: Developmen themunicipal reportsofsuch usemapfor carryout
tPlanprior management surveys thepurposeof surveysin
carryoutasurvey tothe preparinga orderto
ofthespecial Everyplanning
oftheLocal preparation RegionalPlan; prepare
tootherwise authoritywill
PlanningArea ofMaster Developmen
performall prepareapresent preparea
preparereports Plan LandUseMapanda Regionalplan tPlans
suchfunctions
onthesurveys Carryoutthe LandUseRegister controlthe
withregardto SpecialPlanning
prepareaMaster surveyas thespecial PlanningAuthority Authorityto: developmen
Plananda soonasthe areaas topreparea tactivities
Detailed planning carryouta
specified DevelopmentPlan Urban
Development area surveyand
byState afterdeclarationof Development
Plan declares preparean
Government PlanningArea Authorityto
Preparation existingland
NewTown fromtimeto
ofMaster usemapofthe undertake:
Development time.
Plan. area,and Preparation
Authorityto: prepareand
Prepare of
prepareanew publishthe Developmen
Town
Town draft tPlans
Planning
Development proposalsfor
Scheme preparation
Plan thelands
Implementat ofTown
carryoutbuilding ionofplan, Planning
andother Schemes
Oncethe
operations carryout
MasterPlan
surveysin
isapproved
orderto
bytheState, prepare
Developmen
tPlans
controlthe
developmen
tactivities
guide,direct

Himachal
andassist
thelocal
authorities
7 Preparation Regional MasterPlan RegionalPlan Districtor DevelopmentPlan RegionalPlans Development
ofPlans MasterPlan Development Regional Metropolitanarea Development Plan
Planand Development Developmentplan Plan
NewTown
SectoralPlan Plan,
Development Preparationof
Plan Urban Development
Development Planfor
Detailed
Plan, additional
Development
plan RuralorSectoral area
Plan,
ActionPlan
8 Scope/Objecti Objectivesofeach Contentsof Contentsof Contentsofeach ScopeandContentsof Contentsof Contentsfor
ves/Contents typeofplanis MasterPlan Development typeofplanas DevelopmentPlanare RegionalPlan Draft
ofPlans defined areelaborated Planand mentionedinact illustrated and Development
SectoralPlanare areelaborated Development Planare
elaborated Planare elaborated
elaborated
9 Affirmation DPCandMPCare DPCandMPC DPCandMPC Statetoconstitute Noprovisionfor Noprovisionfor Noprovision
with74th notincorporated arenot arenot DistrictPlanning constitutingDPCand DPCandMPC. forMPCand
Amendment incorporated incorporated, andDevelopment MPC.Howeverit DPC
Act CommitteeandCity elaboratessome
orTownPlanning functionsofMPC
andDevelopment
Committee.
Chairmanofthe
committeetobe
appointedbyState
whereasother
memberstobe


Himachal
selectedatdistrict
levelandcitylevel
incompliancewith
theAct.
10 Provisionfor Provisionof Noprovision Provisionfor Provisionfor TheActdoesnthave TheActhas Noprovision
Regional RegionalPlanning forRegional preparationof preparationof specificprovisionfor provisionfor forRegional
Planning tobedoneby Planning RegionalPlan DistrictorRegional Regional Regional Planning.
RegionalPlanning Plan DevelopmentPlans, PlanningBoard Thoughthe
Authority howeveritdefines andelaborates Actprovides
basicscopeof itsfunctionwith for
DevelopmentPlans respectto Development
whichalsoinclude regional Areahowever
RegionalPlans development itdoesnot
elaborateon
thespatial
extentand
criteriafor
declarationof
sucharea.
11 Town DetailedTown Planning TheTownand Forthepurposeof Theplanning APlanning Appropriate
Planning/Dev PlanningSchemes Authority,for Country implementingthe authoritymayinvite Authoritymay authoritymay
elopment preparedunderthe thepurposeof Development proposals areaDevelopment forthepurpose makeoneor
Scheme TamilNaduTown implementing Authoritymay, containedinthe Schemesfrom ofimplementing moreTown
PlanningAct,1920, theproposals, atanytime, DevelopmentPlan, developers. theproposalsin Planning
maymakeone declareits prepareoneor AnAreaDevelopment thefinal Schemefor
ormoretown intentionto more Schememaybemade Development therespective
planning prepareatown Development inrespectofanyland Plan,prepare development
schemesfor Development Schemeforfive whichis: oneormore area.
theareawithin Schemeand yearsorforone (a)intheprocessof TownPlanning Town
itsjurisdiction provisionsare year. development, Schemesforthe Planning
defineto (b)likelytobeused areawithinits Schememay
incorporatein Development foranydevelopment jurisdiction. bemadein
TownPlanning Schemetobe includingbuilding Contentsofdraft respectofany

Himachal
scheme. developedin purposes,or schemeis landinthe
Statehaspower respectof: (c)alreadybuiltupon. elaborated courseof
togive (a)inthecourseof development,
directionsto development, likelytobe
frame/modifyor (b)likelytobeused usedfor
revokethe forbuilding building
scheme purposesor purposesand
(c)alreadybuiltup. alreadybuilt
upon.
Contentof
draftscheme
aredefinedin
theact.
12 Periodic Provisionof Atleastoncein Provisionfor DistrictorRegional Noprovision TheState Atleastonce
Revisionof reviewingthe everyten reviewthePlans DevelopmentPlan Government intenyears.
Plans RegionalPlanonce yearsfromthe atanytime; shallbereviewedat canreviseat Area
in10yearsandthe dateonwhich however leastonceinevery anytimeafter Developmen
MasterPlanmaybe theMaster minimum 10yearswhereas, aRegional tAuthority
reviewedonceinin Planhascome timeframehas Interim planhascome shallrevise
5years. intoforce notprovided. DevelopmentPlan, intooperation, Developmen
UrbanDevelopment butnotearlier tPlan
PlanandRuralor thantenyears
SectorPlanshallbe Therevision
reviewedatleast shallbeat
onceinevery5 leastoncein
years twentyyears
fromthedate
onwhicha
Development
Planhascome
intooperation,


Himachal
13 Land Powertoacquire Powerto Powerto Landcanbe AcquisitionofLandby Acquisitionof Acquisition
Assembly/Me landunderthe acquireland acquireland acquiredby Wayof LandbyWayof ofLand
chanism/Acq LandAcquisition underthe underthe followingways: eitherby
Transferable Transferable
uisition Act Land Land agreement
compulsorily; DevelopmentRight Development
Acquisitionof Acquisition Acquisition orUnder
byagreement;or Accommodation Right
landby Actor Actor Land
bytakingan Reservation Accommodati Acquisition
agreement, Acquisition Acquisitionof
applicationtothe PurchaseofLandby on Act1894by
howeverifthe oflandby landby
collectorfor wayofNegotiated Reservation Area
valueofsuchland agreement, agreement,
exceedsfifty acquiringsuch Settlement Purchaseof Developmen
thousandrupees, landunderthe PowertoAcquire Landbyway tAuthority
appropriate LandAcquisition landundertheLand ofNegotiated
Planning Act,1894 AcquisitionAct, Settlement
Authorityshall 1894oranyother Powerto
notenterinto LandAcquisition Acquireland
suchagreement Act underthe
withoutprevious
Land
approvalofthe
Government Acquisition
Act,1894or
anyother
Land
Acquisition
Act
Source:RespectiveActs



VariouscriteriaareidentifiedformakingthecomparisonsofT&CPActoftheStates.It
hasbeenobservedinthetableabovethatthereisnoprovisionofconstitutingState
level Planning Board or Committee in the States of Gujarat and Maharashtra. But in
Bihar, the recently enacted Urban Planning and Development Act in 2012 gives
provision to constitute Urban Planning and Development Board at State level. This
ActalsorecommendsconstitutingtheUrbanArtsandHeritageCommissioninorder
to (a) preserve and conserve archaeological and historical sites, (b) restore and
conserve urban design in planning area. Karnataka and Himachal Pradesh have
provisionofconstitutingtheStateLevelPlanningBoards;howeverfunctionsofthese
boardsarenotspecifiedintheirrespectiveT&CPActs.
TheStatemaynotifyPlanningAreainconsultationwithPlanningBoards.However,in
manyStatessuchasKarnataka,HimachalPradesh,MaharashtraandGujarat,theState
Government without any consultation with the Planning Boards can notify Planning
orDevelopmentAreafortheregion.TamilNaduistheonlyStatewhichelaboratesthe
criteria for delineating the Planning Boundary whereas other States have not
consideredanysuchcriteriaintheirrespectiveActs.
TheroleofPlanningBoardissignificantforconstitutingthePlanningAuthoritiesfor
Notified Planning Area. It has been observed that every State has its own hierarchy
for constituting Planning authorities / Committees for the planning area. States of
Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have a provision to constitute the Regional Planning
Authority,whereasinGujarat,AreaDevelopmentAuthorityandUrbanDevelopment
Authorityaretobeconstitutedfordevelopmentofsettlements.Though,theextentof
Development Area is not defined in the Gujarat TP&UD Act which may create
confusion in deciding the regions boundary. The constitution of District Planning
Committee (DPC) is almost left by every State except Mizoram. The Mizoram Urban
andRegionalDevelopmentAct,makesmandatorytoconstituteDPCandCityorTown
Planning Committee in accordance with 74th CAA, however function and power of
DPCarenotspecified.MizoramUrbanandRegionalDevelopmentAct,haveprovision
for constituting Local Authorities such as Village Councils and Municipalities to
participateinplanningprocess.
Onthesameline,TamilNadu,KarnatakaandMaharashtrahavealsomadeaprovision
with respect to constitution of Metropolitan Development Authority. However this
provisionislimitedtoChennai,BangaloreandMumbai.AllotherMetropolitancities
in these States such as Pune, Nagpur and Mangalore etcetera have been ignored. It
hasbeennoticedthatStatessuchasMaharashtraandHimachalPradeshhavespecial
provision to constitute Special Area Development/Planning Authority in order to
developNotifiedArea.
In order to prepare Plans at different levels, most of the States have provision for
DevelopmentPlanorMasterPlanwhichistobedevelopedforNotifiedPlanningArea,
StateLevelLegalFrameworkComparativeAnalysis
whereasTamilNaduandMaharashtrahavespecificprovisiontoformulateRegional
Plansinidentifiedregion.
Town Planning or Development scheme is an important tool to develop land; every

StatehasmadeprovisiontodevelopPlanning/DevelopmentScheme.Landacquisition
is an important aspect for implementation of plans. States empowers Planning
Authorities through T&CP Acts to acquire land, however mechanism for land
acquisition vary amongst States. In every State, land acquisition is mentioned to be
either as per Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or through agreement with the owner.
Maharashtra and Bihar have additional mechanism i.e. Town Planning Schemes and
TransferofDevelopmentRighttoacquirelandfordevelopmentpurposes.
5.1. Maharashtra
InMaharashtra,TownPlanningisastatutoryfunctionofalltheMunicipalAuthorities
even before the Constitution (74th) Amendment Act. In view of this, no separate
provisionwasconsiderednecessarybytheStateGovernmenttoamendthe1966Act.
ThisAct,amendedupto5thAugust1992wasconsideredacomprehensiveAct.The
Act provided that the Development Plan prepared by Planning Authority shall
indicatethemanneroflanduse,allocationoflandforvariouspurposes,andprescribe
the time period for steps in the plan preparation process with extended time if
required.
The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act has given emphasis on
Regional Planning. It enables State Government to constitute Regional Planning
Boards to prepare Regional Plans. The Act, however, does not have any provision to
constitute MPC or DPC, thus it is not entirely compliant with 74th CAA. It is, Bombay
Metropolitan Region Development Authority Act which makes it mandatory to
constitute MPC and elaborated the procedure to be followed by MPC in order to
prepareDevelopmentPlansforMetropolitanArea.
The Special Planning Authority to be constituted by the States for certain Notified
Areas. The Special Planning Authorities will have all the powers of a Planning
AuthoritytoacquirelandforspecialpurposeinNotifiedAreas.InMaharashtra,there
isaspecialprovisiontoconstituteNewTownDevelopmentAuthorityforthepurpose
ofacquiring,developinganddisposingoflandintheareaofanewtown.
Forimplementationoftheplan,compulsoryacquisitionoflandisregardedasapre
requisiteundertheLandAcquisitionAct,1984.Inviewoftheexorbitantmarketrates
of land to be paid for compensation, opposition to compulsory land acquisition by
land owners, etcetera has compelled the authorities to explore collaborative
approaches within the existing legal framework. As a result, the alternatives to
compulsory land acquisition in the form of Transferable Development Rights (TDR)
andAccommodationReservationhavebeenexploredinMaharashtra.
46 URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

However, in both these cases i.e. Accommodation Reservation and TDR, the Local
Authority reserves its right to compulsorily acquire the land if the land owner does
notcomeforward.Further,theTownPlanningScheme(TPS)asanalternativemodel
forurbanlanddevelopmenthasbeenprovidedintheMRTPActasoneofthetoolsfor
implementing the proposals contained in the Development Plan and had been used
mostextensivelyintheStateofMaharashtra.
The draft scheme is prepared by the Planning Authority and finalisation of

developmentschemeisdonebytheArbitrator/AssistantDirectorofTownPlanning
and then it is submitted to thegovernment for approval. Howeverthe procedure of
TPSformulationandapprovalconsumeslotoftimeandrequirestobesimplified.
5.2. HimachalPradesh
IntheStateofHimachalPradesh,TheHimachalPradeshTownandCountryPlanning
Act, 1977 is in force. It is a comprehensive planning and development act and
provides for the preparation of Regional Plans; Urban Area Plans, Zonal Plans, and
prescribescontrolsonuseanddevelopmentofland.Thelegislationalsoprovidesfor
levyofdevelopmentcharges.
UndertheAct,thePlanningAreasareconstitutedandtheDirectorofTownPlanning
isentrustedwiththetaskofpreparationofDevelopmentPlanwhichwillbefollowed
by Sectoral Plans in consultation with the Local Authorities concerned. The Interim
Development Plan is submitted to the State Government who notifies approved
Interim Development Plan in the official gazette and the Local Authorities are
required to follow the plan. The Act also contains provision for the constitution of
Town and Country Development Authorities for preparation of Town Development
Schemes.
The act has provision for the preparation of Regional Plan and Development Plan,
whichwillbepreparedbytheDirector,TownandCountryPlanningofthestate.The
contentofRegionalPlanandDevelopmentPlanhavebeenprovidedintheActanda
briefmethodologytoformulatetheplansisgiven.Thefinalapprovaloftheplanisto
beprovidedbytheState.
TheTownandCountryDevelopmentAuthoritymay,atanytime,declareitsintention
to prepare a Town Development Scheme. State has power to give directions to
frame/modifyorrevoketheschemes.
The Act has provision to review the plans at any time after a Regional/Development
Planhascomeintooperation.TheStatecanundertakethereviewandevaluationofthe
plan,howevertheminimumtimeframehasnotbeenprovidedbywhichthePlanistobe
revisedorreviewed.
Provisions to declare any area as Special Area which is to be notified by State are
givenintheAct.ThePlanforsuchareaswillbecontrolledandregulatedbySpecial
Development Authority (SDA). SDA will prepare the Development Plans for such
areas and implement it. Other than special areas, Town and Country Planning
AuthoritiesintheStatewillprepareandimplementtheplan.
5.3. TamilNadu
The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 is currently in force in the
State.ThelegislationwasbroughtinafterrepealingtheTownPlanningAct,1920.Itis
a comprehensive piece of legislation and contains provisions for the preparation of
Regional, Metropolitan, Master Plan, New Town and Detailed Development Plans.
Besides,theActenvisagestheconstitutionofRegional,LocalandNewTownPlanning
Authorities and a Town and Country Planning Board at the apex empowered with
implementationpowers.
TheTownandCountryPlanningAct,1971hasbeenamendedsoastohaveseparate
provision for the constitution of Madras Metropolitan Development Authority and
preparationandimplementationofMasterPlanfortheMadrasMetropolitanPlanning
Area.
The scheme of the Act is that the planning process starts with decentralisation of
RegionalPlanningAreaandLocalPlanningAreaundersection10oftheActwhichis
notifiedinthegazette,definingthelimitsofthearea.Afterthis,theTownandCountry
PlanningAuthorityareconstitutedinconsultationwiththeDirectorofTownPlanning
for performing the function of preparing a Regional/Master Plan and detailed
DevelopmentPlan.OncethePlanispreparedandsubmittedtothegovernment,State
government can give its consent to the Planning Authority to the publication of a
noticeofthepreparationofplanwithorwithoutmodification.
In case of Tamil Nadu, the Town Planning Scheme (TPS) of Maharashtra or Gujarat
has been redesignated as Detailed Development Plans under the Act. These can be
preparedonanylandlocatedinthePlanningArea.
TheTamilNaduTownandCountryPlanningAct,1971,haslaiddowntheprocedurefor
planpreparationandapprovalbut,unfortunately,thereisnotimeframewithinwhich
theplanningprocessshouldbecompleted.
5.4. Gujarat
Gujarat has a fairly good and robust legislative framework for urban planning as
compared to other States in India. The Gujarat Town Planning and Urban
DevelopmentAct(GTPUDA)wasenactedin1976bytheStateGovernment.TheAct
stems from early 20th century planning law devised by the British to improve and

manageIndiancities.Italsohasbeenamendedfromtimetotimetokeeppacewith
thechangingrequirements.
TheActmandatesthedelineationofaDevelopmentAreaaroundacityoratownfor
planningpurposes.Itencompassesamuchlargerareaaroundthecityortownthatis
likelytoseedevelopment.Thisensuresandallowsforbetterplanningandforguiding
development in the area. A village is the basic spatial unit and every development
area is an agglomeration of numerous villages, or may also include portions of
villages.
The GTPUDA also mandates the creation of a Special Planning Authoritythe

Urban/Area Development Authority (UDA/ADA)which is charged with the task of
undertakingplanningwithinthedelineatedDevelopmentArea.
UrbanplanninginGujaratisatwostepprocessandisprescribedintheActandits
Rules. The first step is to prepare a Development Plan for the entire city or
developmentarea.ThesecondstepistoprepareTownPlanningSchemes(TPSs)for
smaller portions of the development area for which the Development Plan is
prepared.
TheActdoesnothaveprovisionforRegionalPlanning.Thoughitsaysdevelopmentarea
however it has not elaborated extent and criteria for declaration of such area. The
preparation of Area Plan is done by Area development Authority. Whereas
Development Plan for urban areas is done by Urban Development Authority. The
DevelopmentPlanisrevisedevery10yearsandisupdatedintheinterimwhenevera
needarisestorespondtothechangingcontext.
The planning process also includes limited public participation. After a Draft
DevelopmentPlanispreparedbytheDevelopmentAuthorityitispublishedandkept
openforpublicinspectionforaperiodoftwomonthsandobjectionsandsuggestions
areinvited.Eachobjectionandsuggestionisrespondedtoand,ifrequired,theDPis
modified.Itispublishedagaintoinvitefurtherobjectionsandsuggestions.Theseare
again taken into account and the plan is modified. It is then sent to the State
Government of Gujarat for approval and oversight. The State Government may
suggest modifications, keeping the overall public good in view if required, before
approvingtheDevelopmentPlan.
Appropriate authority can make one or more TPS for the respective development
area.TPSmaybemadeinrespectofanylandwhichisinthecourseofdevelopment,
likely to be used for building purposes and already built upon. The Public Planning
Authorities/Development Agencies acquire large areas of land under the Land
AcquisitionActof1894orbyagreement.ThenaMasterPlanoftheareaisprepared,
laying out the roads, plots for social amenities, and plots for sale. Roads and
infrastructurearethenbuilt,usinggovernmentfundsorloans.Servicedplotsarethen
soldforurbanusesatmarketrates,whicharemostoftenmuchhigherthantherateat
whichlandisacquired.
5.5. Karnataka
TheKarnatakaTownandCountryPlanning(KTCP)Actprovidesfortheregulationof
plannedgrowthoflanduseanddevelopment,forthemakingandexecutionofTown
PlanningSchemes,intheStateofKarnataka,whichcameintoforcein1965.TheAct
mandates constitution of State Planning Board, which consult and direct the Local
Planning Authorities after notifying the Planning Area. The detailed functions of State
PlanningBoardhavenotbeenelaborated.
In Karnataka, the KTCP Act does not have any provision to constitute Metropolitan
Planning Authority, however a separate Act i.e. Bangalore Metropolitan Regional
AuthorityAct,1985hasbeenestablishedforBangaloreMetropolitanArea.
Emphasis has been given on preparation of Master Plan, the contents for the same
have been elaborated, however the concept of Regional Planning has completely
ignoredinKTCPAct. After notifying the Planning Area by State in consultation with
Board, the Planning Authority is to prepare Outline Development Plan, prior to the
preparationofMasterPlan.AssoonastheMasterPlanisapprovedbytheState,the
Planning Authority prepares the TPS for the implementation of Plan. The Planning
Authority may prepare one or more TPS for the area within its jurisdiction. A TPS
may be made in accordance with the provisions of KTCP Act in respect of any land
which is in course of development, or likely to be used for building purposes, or
alreadybuiltupon.
ThereisaprovisionforrevisionofMasterPlanatleastonceineverytenyearsfrom
thedateonwhichtheMasterPlancameintoforce.
The KTCP act has laid down the procedure to acquire land for Master Plan and
Schemes for public purposes. The Planning Authority may acquire any land
designated in a Master Plan for a specified purpose or for public purpose by
agreementorundertheLandAcquisitionAct,1894.
5.6. Bihar
Bihar Urban Planning and Development (BUPD) Act, 2012 was enacted to make
provisionforpromotionofplannedgrowthanddevelopmentofurbanareasandsuch
ruralareashavingpotentialofurbanizationandregulationthereofincludinglanduse.
The act empowers the State of Bihar to constitute Bihar Urban Planning and
DevelopmentBoardtoperformcertainfunctionswhichmainlyincludestoguide,(a)
direct and assist the Planning Authority; (b) to advise on the delineation of the
Planning Area(s) and direct the preparation of Development Plan; (c) undertake,

assist and advise on the coordination of planning and implementation of physical

development programmes; (d) direct the preparations of one or more Regional
DevelopmentPlan,RegionalTransportationPlans,TownDevelopmentPlansand(e)
direct the preparations of one or more Regional Natural Resources and
EnvironmentalConservationPlans.
TheBoardisempoweredtoconstituteoneormorecommitteesunderBUPDAct,to
assist Board in exercising its powers, discharging its duties or performing its
functions. This Act also empowers the State to constitute Urban Arts and Heritage
Commission in order to preserve and conserve archaeological and historical sites,
restoreandconserveurbandesigninPlanningArea.
The Act has given provision to prepare Development Plan for Metropolitan area by
MetropolitanPlanningCommittee(MPC),andthecriteriaforconstitutionofMPCwillbe
in accordance with Article 243ZE of the Constitution of India; however such criteria
havenotbeendiscussedindetail.The power and function of Planning Authorities as
wellasMPChasbeenelaborated.
The contents and scope of Development Plan and Metropolitan Development Plan
have been elaborated in the Act. Regional Planning aspects have been addressed
howeverspecificcontenttoRegionalPlanshavenotbeendiscussedintheAct.
AfterthereceiptoftheDevelopmentPlan,togetherwiththereportoftheCommittee,
the Government may either approve the Development Plan, with or without
modifications, or may return the Development Plan to the Planning Authority to
modifytheplanortoprepareafreshplaninaccordancewithsuchdirectionsasthe
Government may issue in this behalf. Immediately after the Development Plan has
been approved by the Government, the Planning Authority shall publish a public
notice in the Official Gazette and in a local newspaper, of the approval of the
Development. The Development Plan shall come into operation from the date of
publication.
The Planning Authority may invite Area Development Schemes from developers. An
AreaDevelopmentSchememaybemadeinrespectofanylandwhichisintheprocess
ofdevelopment,orlikelytobeusedforanydevelopmentincludingbuildingpurposes,
oralreadybuiltupon.
Any land required, reserved or designated in any Development Plan and Area
developmentSchemecanbeforapublicpurposebyWayofTDRorAccommodation
ReservationorpurchaseoflandbywayofnegotiatedsettlementorundertheLand
AcquisitionAct,1894.Theacthasalsogiventheprovisionto createandmaintaina
land bank, in which all lands acquired, allotted, purchased and obtained, will be
monitoredandmaintainedandpositionreviewedperiodicallybyrespectivePlanning
Authorities.
5.7. Mizoram
The Mizoram Urban and Regional Development Act, 1990 was enacted to make
provisionfortheregulationofplannedgrowthanddevelopment ofurbanandrural
areas and regions in relation to economic growth and protection and preservation
and development of natural setting and urban environment and archaeological
monumentsandhistoricalplacesinMizoram.
TheActempowerstheStatetoconstituteUrbanPlanningandDevelopmentBoardfor
theStateandforthedistrictortownoracitytoadviseStateGovernmentinregardto
the Spatial and Economic Planning and development and also for determining
principlesandpoliciesundertheActwithaviewtoachievebalanceandcoordinated
development of the cities, towns and regions as a whole; and to assist the Board in
mattersofDevelopmentPlanpreparationanditsimplementation.
The act has also elaborated the procedure to constitute District Planning and
DevelopmentCommitteeincompliantwith74thCAA.
ThefunctionsofPlanningBoardorCommitteearetoprepareandenforcefollowing
plans, prepared by the Municipalities or Village Councils or any Local authority and
assisttheStateGovernmenttocoordinatedevelopmentactivitiesatalllevelswithin
thePlanningareaorregion.
IntegratedInterimDevelopmentPlan,
DistrictorRegionalDevelopmentPlan,
RuralorSectoralPlan,
UrbanDevelopmentPlanandAction,
PreparationofDevelopmentScheme,
PreparationofRegionalandRuralCentreDevelopmentPlanand
IntegratingUrbanandRuralDevelopmentschemesandDevelopmentPlans
ThehierarchyofDevelopmentPlanswithelaboratedcontenthasbeenestablishedby
theAct.Thecommentsandsuggestionsareinvitedfromanypersonwithin30days
from the publication of notice for publishing the Development Plan, as soon as may
be, but not later than 6 months after the submission of the Development Plan the
StateGovernmentinconsultationwiththeBoardorCommitteemayeitherApprove
the Development Plan in full or Approve with such modifications or return it for
furtherimprovement.OncetheStatehasapprovedtheDevelopmentPlan,theofficial
notice is published to invite objection and suggestion. After considering objections
andsuggestionsandaftergivinghearingtothepersonsdesirousofbeingheardthe
StateGovernmentmayconfirmthemodificationintheDevelopmentPlan.
For the purpose of implementing the proposals contained in the Development Plan,
The Government in consultation with the Board or Committee is empowered to
entrustanyGovernmentAgencyorLocalauthorityorBoardtoprepareoneormore

Development Scheme for efficient implementation of Development Plans.

Development scheme can be developed in respect of land which is in the course of
development,likelytobeusedforbuildingpurposes,oralreadybuiltup.
Landcanbeacquiredeitherbycompulsorily;or by agreement; or by taking an

application to the District Collector for acquiring such land under the Land
AcquisitionAct,1894forDevelopmentSchemes.
ThereisaprovisionofreviewandevaluationofDevelopmentPlanatanytimebythe
State after Development plan has come into operation and make such modification,
however District or Regional Development Plan shall be reviewed at least once in
every 10 years whereas, Interim Development Plan, Urban Development Plan and
RuralorSectorPlanshallbereviewedatleastonceinevery5years.
LegalrequirementsforIndustrialDevelopment

6 Legal Requirements for Industrial

Development
6.1. Industries(DevelopmentandRegulation)Act,1951
The Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 provides for development
andregulationofcertainindustries.TheActhasbeenamendedtimetotime.Thelast
amendment in the said Act was The Industries (Development and Regulation)
AmendmentAct,1984.ItprovidesforEstablishmentoftheCentralAdvisoryCouncil
and Development Councils; regulation of the industries through the processes of
registration,licensingandinvestigationintoindustriesliquidationorreconstruction
of companies and miscellaneous provisions. The Act gives a list of industries which
requirescompulsorylicensing.
6.2. IndustrialPolicy,1991
The first Industrial policy of the Government of India was announced in year 1948.
The 1991 Industrial policy aims to maintain sustainable growth in productivity,
enhance gainful employment, achieve optimal utilisation of human resources, attain
internationalcompetitivenessandtransformIndiaintoamajorpartnerintheglobal
arena.Thepolicyisfocussedonthefollowing:
Industryderegulation
Marketresponsiveindustrialdevelopment
ProvisionofapolicyregimeforfacilitationandgrowthofIndianindustry.
Themajorprovisionsofthepolicyareasgivenbelow:
1) LiberalizationofIndustrialLicensingPolicy
a) Industriesrequiringcompulsorylicensing
As per the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, industries
required compulsory licensing. As of year 2014, only five types of industry
sectors require compulsory licensing on account of environmental, safety and
strategicconsiderations,theseare:
Distillationandbrewingofalcoholicdrinks
Cigarsandcigarettesoftobaccoandmanufacturedtobaccosubstitutes
Electronicaerospaceanddefenceequipment
Industrial explosives including detonating fuses, safety fuses, gun powder,
nitrocelluloseandmatches.
Specifiedhazardouschemicalsi.e(i)Hydrocyanicacidandits derivatives,(ii)
Phosgeneanditsderivatives,(iii)Isocyanates&diisocyanatesofhydrocarbon.
b) Industriesunderpublicsector
Since,1991onlytwoindustrysectorshavebeenreservedforpublicsector.They
are:
Atomic Energy Production, separation or enrichment of special fissionable
materials and substances and operation of the facilities, specified in the
DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion.
Railwaytransport
2) IndustrialEntrepreneursMemorandum(IEM)
The industries which are exempted from compulsory licensing require filing
an Industrial Entrepreneurs Memorandum (IEM) with the Secretariat for
Industrial Assistance (SIA). No industrial approval is required for the
exemptedindustries.
6.3. PolicyforForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)
URDPFIGuidelinesprovidethesectionsoftheConsolidatedFDIPolicy,2013which
haverelevancetothepreparationofRegionalorUrbanDevelopmentPlansandits
implementation.
Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) forms an integral part of Industrial

Policy. It helps in accelerating economic growth by means of infusion of capital,
technologyandmodernmanagementpractices.TheFDIpolicyisannouncedthrough
issue of Consolidated FDI Policy Circulars. The latest Circular is effective from April
2013. As per the circular the sectors which have been liberalised are mentioned in
Error!Referencesourcenotfound..
Table6.1: LiberalisedSectorforForeignDirectInvestment(RelatedtoUrbanandRegionalPlanning)
Sr.No. Sector MaximumFDI%allowed
1. AgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,coveringthe 100%
followingsectors:
a) Floriculture,Horticulture,Apicultureand
CultivationofVegetables&Mushroomsunder
controlledconditions;
b) DevelopmentandproductionofSeedsand
plantingmaterial;
c) AnimalHusbandry(includingbreedingof
dogs),Pisciculture,Aquaculture,under
controlledconditions;and
d) servicesrelatedtoagroandalliedsectors
2. Teasectorincludingteaplantation 100%subjectto26%
divestmentin5years
3. Mining,subjecttotheMinesandMinerals 100%
(Development&Regulation)Act,1957
a) Coalandlignitemining
b) Coalprocessingplants

Sr.No. Sector MaximumFDI%allowed

c) Miningandmineralseparationoftitanium
bearingmineralsandores,itsvalueaddition
andintegratedactivities
4. PetroleumandNaturalGas
a) Explorationactivitiesandinfrastructurefor 100%
marketing 49%
b) PetroleumrefiningbyPSUs
5. Airports:Greenfieldandexistingprojects 100%
6. ConstructionDevelopment:Townships,Housing,Built 100%(subjecttoconditions)
upinfrastructure Minimumareatobedeveloped
undereachprojectwouldbeas
under:
(i)Incaseofdevelopmentof
servicedhousingplots,a
minimumlandareaof10
hectares
(ii)Incaseofconstruction
developmentprojects,a
minimumbuiltupareaof
50,000sq.mts
(iii)Incaseofacombination
project,anyoneoftheabove
twoconditionswouldsuffice

7. Industrialpark;NewandExisting 100%
8. PowerExchange: 49%
PowerExchangesregisteredundertheCentral
ElectricityRegulatoryCommission(PowerMarket)
Regulations,2010

9. ManufacturingforproductioninMicroandSmall Conditionsapply
Enterprises
10. DefenceIndustry 26%
Source: ConsolidatedFDIPolicy,2013
Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) has been established to

strengthentheforeigninvestment.AspertheConsolidatedFDIPolicy(effectivefrom
April, 5th 2013) salient features relevant to FDI in industrial parks (cited in section
6.2.12, page no. 59) and manufacturing (from section 6.2.5, page no. 45 of the
ConsolidatedFDIpolicy,2013)havebeenmentionedbelow:
IndustrialParks:FDIallowedinindustrialparksis100%,providedthefollowing
conditionsaresatisfied:
TheIndustrialparkshallcompriseminimumof10unitsandnoneshalloccupy
morethan50%oftheallocablearea.
Minimum percentage of area to be allocatedfor industrial activity shall not be
lessthan66%ofthetotalallocablearea.
Manufacturing: FDI in MSE (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) is subject to

sectoral regulations. Any organization other than MSE but manufactures items
reserved for MSE sector and has foreign investment in capital of more than 24%
would have to come through Government Route. Additionally, such organization
shallrequireindustriallicenseformanufacturing.Ithastoachieveminimum50%
exportoftheMSEproductswithinaperiodofthreeyears.
6.4. ManufacturingPolicyforClusterDevelopments
The Government of India has announced the National Manufacturing Policy in year
2011 with the objective to enhance the share of manufacturing in GDP upto 25%
within a decade and creating 100 million jobs. The National Manufacturing Policy
outlines creation of clusters. The clusters play a critical role in technological
propagation by facilitating technological learning and manufacturing through the
presenceofanentireecosysteminthesamegeographicallocation.TheXIIFiveYear
Plan of Planning Commission also suggests a cluster approach for promotion of
manufacturingindustries.
URDPFIGuidelinesprovidesthefollowingActs/Policies/Guidelinesinrelevanceto
the preparation of Regional, Industrial or Urban Development Plans and its
implementation:
NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011
NationalInvestmentandManufacturingZones(NIMZs)Guidelines
SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005
VariousschemesforclusterdevelopmentunderMinistries
ProvisionsforMicroSmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME)
NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011andNIMZGuidelines,SEZAct,2005andMicro,
Small&MediumEnterprisesDevelopment(MSMED)Act,2006areappendiceslisted
withtheirrespectivewebURLatAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
6.4.1. NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011
The policy is based on the principle of industrial growth in partnership with the
States. The Central Government will create the enabling policy frame work, provide
incentivesforinfrastructuredevelopmentonaPublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)basis
through appropriate financing instruments, and State Governments will be
encouragedtoadopttheinstrumentalitiesprovidedinthepolicy.
Under the policy (section 1.11), the industry verticals which will be given special
attention are: employment intensive industries, capital goods, industries with
strategic significance like aerospace; shipping; IT hardware and electronics;
telecommunication equipment; defence equipment; and solar energy, industries

whereIndiaenjoyacompetitiveadvantage,SmallandMediumIndustriesandPublic
sectorEnterprises.Thepolicypresentsspecificactionpointsintheareasidentifiedas
constraintsthatrequireimmediatepolicyattention
Forrationalisationandsimplificationofbusinessregulations (section2,pageno.8),
several provisions of different acts may be rationalised or implemented in
cooperation with public or private institutions under the control of statutory
authorities.Theprovisionsare:
a) Central and State Government may provide exemptions subject to fulfilment of
conditions.
b) Mechanismstobedevelopedforcooperationofpublicorprivateinstitutionswith
governmentinspectionservices.
c) Inrespectofenvironmentlaws,itisproposedtodelegatethe powersasallowed
bytherelevantstatuestoanofficialoftheStatePollutionControlBoardpostedin
theNIMZ.
d) State Pollution Control Boards to evolve mechanisms for third party inspection
(bynotifiedprivateagencies)forcompliancemonitoring
e) StateEnvironmentImpactAssessmentAuthoritiestoexpeditepriorenvironment
clearancesforBcategoryprojectsundertheprovisionsofEIAnotification2006
f) Definingthetimelinesinrespectofallclearancestheclearancetobedeemedto
havebeengivenonexpiryoftimeline.
g) DevelopmentofCombinedApplicationFormandaCommonRegistrarforgranting
variousconsentsandauthorisationsundervariousstatutes.
ThePlanningCommissionhasidentifiedconcomitantpolicyinterventions(pageno.1
ofPolicydocument)whichimpactthemanufacturingsector(butwhichhavenotbeen
addressedintheNationalManufacturingPolicy),theseare:digitizationoflandand
resourcemapsandcreationoflandbanksbystates;waterzoning;offsetpolicy;fiscal
and exchange rate measures; strategic acquisitions; development of world class
manufacturing management capabilities; trade policy especially boosting Indias
exports;andreformingtheroleofpublicsectorenterprises.
6.4.2. National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)

Guidelines
The NIMZs are important instrumentality of the National Manufacturing Policy. The
NIMZsareenvisagedasintegratedindustrialtownshipswithlanduseonthebasisof
zoning, clean and energy efficient technology, necessary social infrastructure, skill
development facilities etc. to provide a productive environment for persons

transitioningfromtheprimarytothesecondaryandtertiarysectors.
ThekeyfeaturesoftheNIMZGuidelinesare:
1. Theapprovalprocessisintwostages:Inprincipalapprovalandfinalapproval
fortheNIMZ.Aftertheinprincipalapproval,assoonasasubstantialpartofthe
land area is in possession of State Government, application for obtaining final
approvalshallbemadewhichwillbegrantedatthelevelofMinistryofCommerce
andIndustry.Afterobtainingtheapproval,eachNIMZwillbenotifiedbytheDIPP
intheofficialgazette.
a. ForplanningtheNIMZ,mapsshallbepreparedandsubmittedalongwiththe
applicationforfinalapproval.Themapsshallconsistoffollowing:
Administrativeandphysicalmap:indicatingthedistricts,villages,
townships,waterbodies,highlands,lowlandsandforestsetc.whichare
locatedwithinitsboundaries.
Existinglandusemap:Atleast30%ofthetotallandareaproposedforthe
NIMZwillbeutilizedforlocationofmanufacturingunits.
ExternalandexistinginternallinkagesmapofproposedNIMZ.
b. PreparationofTechnoeconomicfeasibilityreportcumdevelopmentplanand
presentationbytheStateforfinalapproval.Itshallincludethefollowing:
Overviewoftheregionandadjoiningareas
Externallinkages
ExistinginternalinfrastructureinNIMZarea
Landincludingstatusandtimeframeoflandacquisition
Assessmentofindustrialandcommercialpotential
Preliminaryenvironmentimpactassessment
Externalandtechnicalinfrastructurerequirement
Financialimplications
Proposedmanagementstructure
Zonedevelopmentplan
Regulatoryenvironment
2. Formation of an agreement of implementation between State Government

andDIPP:
a. ConstitutionofSpecialPurposeVehicletodischargethefunctions:Thereshall
beaprovisionforsuitablerepresentationofanomineeofthe Governmentof
India (DIPP), and of the allottees and subsequently of the industrial units on
theBoardoftheSPV.
b. PreparationofMasterPlananddesigningbySPV
c. Preparation of a strategy of development of zone and action plan for self
regulationwithin3monthsfromconstitutionofSPV.

3. LandAllotment: Land shall be allotted on leasehold basis by SPV. The SPV will
ensure that land is utilised as per the permissible purpose within the specified
period of time as indicated in the land allotment letter otherwise, it shall revert
backtotheSPV.
4. Land for NIMZs: NIMZs would be large developed land, with the requisite eco
systemforpromotingworldclassmanufacturingactivity.Theywouldbedifferent
from SEZs in terms of size, level of infrastructure planning, and governance
structures related to regulatory procedures and exit policies. Following are the
landrequirementsforNIMZ:
a. SizeoflandforNIMZAnNIMZwouldhaveanareaofatleast5000hectares
insize.
b. AvailabilityoflandTheStateGovernmentwillberesponsibleforselectionof
land suitable for development of the NIMZ including land acquisition, if
necessary.Thelandmayconstitute:
i. Governmentownedland;
ii. Private lands falling within the proposed NIMZ, to be acquired by the
StateGovernment;
iii. Land under existing industrial areas/estates/sick and defunct units
includingPSUs.
FollowingguidingprincipleswillbeappliedbytheStateGovernmentforthepurpose
ofacquiringlandforNIMZsites:
i. Preferably in waste lands; infertile and dry lands not suitable for
cultivation;
ii. Useofagriculturallandtotheminimum;
iii. All acquisition proceedings to specify a viable resettlement and
rehabilitationplan;
iv. Reasonableaccesstobasicresourceslikewater;
v. Itshouldnotbewithinanyecologicallysensitiveareaorcloserthanthe
minimumdistancespecifiedforsuchanarea.
5. Rationalisationandsimplificationofregulatoryprocesses:
High priority shall be given to Environment Clearance under EIA
Notification,2006
The entire process of clearances by State authorities will be made web
enabled.
Timelineswillbedefinedinrespectofallclearancesandthereisprovision
ofdeemedapprovalofclearances.
6. Role of Central Government: the Central Government shall perform the

followingtasks:
a. BearingthecostofMasterPlanning
b. Provision of external infrastructure: Creation/ Up gradation of external

infrastructure through PPP and provision of Viability gap funding through
existingschemes
c. Provisionsforcreationofinternalinfrastructure:
i. Through Viability Gap Funding (VGF): Supporting Public Private
Partnerships in infrastructure (maximum twenty percent of the total
projectcost).
ii. Longtermsoftloansfrommultilateralfinancialinstitutions
iii. Externalcommercialborrowings
7. SetupofTechnologyAcquisitionandDevelopmentFundforcreationofapatent
pool;incentivizationofproductionofenvironmentfriendlymachines/equipment
and of SMEs for adoption of environmental audit, water audit and waste water
treatmentpractices.
8. Provisionofinstitutionalinfrastructureforproductivity,quality(testingfacilities
etc.)anddesigncapabilities,encouraginginnovationandskilldevelopmentwithin
theNIMZ.
9. Funding for establishment of an ITI on Built Own Operate basis by the SPV in
NIMZ.
10. Provision of VGF for setting up specialised polytechnics for relevant industry
verticalsinaNIMZ
6.4.3. SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005
TheSEZAct,2005providesfortheestablishment,developmentandmanagementof
theSpecialEconomicZonesforthepromotionofexports.TheActgivestaxbenefits
whichshallboostinternationaltrade.
ThekeyfeaturesoftheActare:
1. Chapter III of the Act provides for Constitution of the Board of approval for
granting approval for setting up the SEZ. The Central Government shall upon
satisfactionoftherequirementsnotifythespecificallyidentifiedareaintheState
asaSpecialEconomicZone.
2. Accordingtosection5oftheAct,thenotificationoftheSEZmaybeguidedbythe
following:
a. generationofadditionaleconomicactivity
b. promotionofexportsofgoodsandservices;
c. promotionofinvestmentfromdomesticandforeignsources;
d. creationofemploymentopportunities;
e. developmentofinfrastructurefacilities;and

f. maintenance of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State

andfriendlyrelationswithforeignStates.
3. Section6ofSEZActstatesthatareasfallingwithintheSEZmaybedemarcatedas:
a. theprocessingareaforsettingupUnitsforactivitiessuchasmanufactureof
goods,orrenderingservices;
b. theareaexclusivelyfortradingorwarehousingpurposes;or
c. the nonprocessing areas for activities other than those specified under
clause(a)and(b)
4. Any goods or services exported, imported or procured from the domestic tariff
areabyaunitintheSEZorthedeveloperisexemptedfromthepaymentoftaxes,
dutiesorcess.
5. According to section 17 (page 20) of the Act, the application for setting up and
operationofanOffshorebankingunitinaSEZmaybemadetotheReserveBank.
6. TheSEZcanbedeemedtobeaport,inlandcontainerdepot,landstationandland
customsstationaspernotificationofCentralGovernmentundersection7ofthe
CustomsAct,1962.
7. The Modifications to the Income Tax Act, 1961; Insurance Act, 1938; banking
RegulationAct,1949;theIndianStampAct,1899applicabletotheSEZaregivenin
theAct.
8. For computation of total income of an accesses, a deduction of the following is
allowed:
a. Hundred%ofprofitsandgainsderivedfromexportsforaperiodoffirstfive
years
b. Fifty%ofprofitsandgainsderivedfromexportsforfurtherfiveassessment
yearsandthereafter
c. Anamountuptofifty%oftheprofitsshallbecreditedtoaReserveAccount
for the next five consecutive assessment years for the purpose of acquiring
plantandmachineryorforcreationofanyasset.
6.4.3.1. MinimumlandarearequirementsforsettingupofSEZ
AreaoftheSEZ:Aspertheamendment(12thAugust,2013)ofSEZrules(2006),
toaddresstheproblemofaggregatinglargetractsofuncultivablelandforsetting
up SEZs, while conforming to vacancy and contiguity norms, the minimum land
arearequirementsforsettingupofSEZinvariouscategorieshasbeenreducedby
half. This is also aimed at permitting optimum utilization of land by the existing
SEZs.
MultiproductSEZ: can be established withminimum land area of 500 hectares
instead of 1,000 hectares. Similarly, a sector specific SEZ can be setup with a
minimumlandarearequirementsof50hectaresinsteadof100hectares.
AgroSector: In order to encourage agrobased industries in SEZs, a new sector
'agrobased food processing' sector has been introduced. A sector specific SEZ
wouldrequireaminimumlandareaof10hectares.
IT /ITES Sector: No minimum land area requirement for IT/ITES SEZs is

prescribed, but these will have to conform to a minimum built up area
requirement.
Theminimumbuiltuparearequirementof1,00,000squaremeterswillnowbe
insisted upon for seven major cities viz: Mumbai, Delhi (NCR), Chennai,
Hyderabad,Bangalore,PuneandKolkata,
For the other set of Category B cities 50,000 square meters norm will be
applicableand
Fortheremainingcities/locations25,000squaremetersofminimumbuiltup
areawillbeinsistedupon.
6.4.4. SchemesforclusterdevelopmentunderMinistries
The schemes proposed for promotion of cluster/ park development by respective
Ministries till the fiscal year of 2013 are as mentioned below; however any other
latestschemeandthepolicyshallbereferredwhileplanning.
Table6.2: SchemesproposedforpromotionofCluster/ParkDevelopment
Implementat
Sr. Ministry Department Scheme/Policies ion/Approva
No. lYear
1. Ministryof DepartmentofChemicals PolicyResolutionfor
Chemicalsand andPetrochemicals PromotionofPetroleum,
Fertilisers Chemicalsand 2007
PetrochemicalInvestment
Regions
2. Ministryof DepartmentofElectronics SoftwareTechnologyParks
Communications andInformationtechnology
andInformation 1991
Technology
(MoCIT)
3. MoCIT DepartmentofElectronics ElectronicsHardware
andInformationTechnology TechnologyPark/Export
OrientedUnitScheme
4. MinistryofFood MegaFoodParksScheme
Processing
Industries
5. Ministryof DepartmentofIndustrial MegaLeatherCluster
Commerceand policyandpromotion Scheme 2012
Industry
6. MinistryofMicro, MicroandSmallEnterprises
Smalland ClusterDevelopment 2007
Medium Programme (Renamed)
Enterprises
7. Ministryof ModifiedComprehensive
Textiles PowerloomCluster 2013
DevelopmentScheme
8. Ministryof ComprehensiveHandloom
Textiles ClusterDevelopment 2008
Scheme

Implementat
Sr. Ministry Department Scheme/Policies ion/Approva
No. lYear
9. Ministryof Comprehensivehandicraft
Textiles ClusterDevelopment 2008
Scheme
10 Ministryof SchemeforIntegrated
2005
Textiles Textileparks
Source: Ministrywebsites
6.4.5. Provisions for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises

(MSME)
MSMEsectorscontributiontoIndianeconomyisconsiderablewith4percentshare
of GDP and largest employment provider after agriculture. Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises (MSMED) Act, 2006 defines Micro Enterprises, Small Enterprises, and
MediumEnterprisesfortheManufacturingSectorandservicesector.About21items
arereservedformanufacturingunderSmallScaleIndustries.TheMSMEasdefinedby
theActare:
Table6.3: Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprisesClassification
FortheManufacturingSector
Enterprises Investmentinplant&machinery
MicroEnterprises DoesnotexceedRs.25lakh
SmallEnterprises MorethanRs.25lakhbutdoesnotexceedRs.5crore
MediumEnterprises MorethanRs.5crorebutdoesnotexceedRs.10crore
FortheServiceSector
Enterprises Investmentinplant&machinery
MicroEnterprises DoesnotexceedRs.10lakh
SmallEnterprises MorethanRs.10lakhbutdoesnotexceedRs.2crore
MediumEnterprises MorethanRs.2crorebutdoesnotexceedRs.5crore
Source:Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprisesDevelopment(MSMED)Act,2006.
The details of the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMED) Act, 2006 are
appendicesinAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
6.4.5.1. InterMinisterialCommitteeforAcceleratingManufacturinginMicro,Small
&MediumEnterprisesSector,2013
MinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MoMSME)hadconstitutedInter
Ministerial Committee for Accelerating Manufacturing in Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises Sector in year 2013 to suggest short and medium term measures for
accelerating manufacturing in the MSME sector. Following are few of the
recommendationsmadebythecommittee:

Land:Stategovernmentsmayurgentlystreamlineandsimplifyinternalprocesses
and allot over 30,000 vacant plots lying vacant in established industrial estates
acrossthecountry.
Midsized Industrial Estates: State governments should urgently identify mid
sized land parcels close to urban areas, which may be developed with public
funding,forallotmenttoMSMEs.
Harmonising Urban Plans with Economic Activity: Ministries of Urban
Development, Urban Poverty Alleviation and MSME, backed by sufficient
resources may incentivize State governments and local bodies to designate
adequate areas for manufacturing and industrial activity in the urban centres or
emergingurbanareas.
6.4.5.2. PrimeMinistersTaskForceonMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises,2010
The said task force was constituted to consider various issues raised by the
AssociationofMSMEs.Afterstakeholdersconsultationtoovercometheissuesraised
byMSMEsectorfollowingrecommendationsweremadebytheTaskForce:
For new industrial parks/areas being developed under various programmes of
different Ministries, where there is no specific provision for locating Micro and
SmallEnterprises(MSEs),itmaybemademandatorytoearmarkatleast4045%
(preferably 60%) of available land for MSEs. It was advised that all
Ministries/Departmentsshalltakeactionregardingitwithin3months.
Local bodies may be encouraged to set aside substantial part of the collections
derivedfromindustrialestates,toupgradeinfrastructuresuchasroads,drainage,
sewage, power distribution, water supply distribution, etc. for the existing
industrial estates. Alternatively, industrial estates could be notified as separate
local bodies as envisaged in the Constitution and entrusted with municipal
functions that shall include levy of taxes, responsibility to maintain the
infrastructurewithintheIndustrialEstate,etc.
Flatted Factory Complexes may be set up, particularly in and around large cities
for MSEs on PPP mode. On similar lines, dormitories for industrial workers in
industrialestatesmaybesetup.
Encouragesettingup/earmarkingofatleastoneindustrialestateineachblockfor
MSEs.Whereverpossible,privatesectorparticipationmaybeencouraged.
6.4.5.3. Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE

CDP)
TheMinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME),GovernmentofIndia
(GoI) has adopted the Cluster Development Approach as a key strategy for
enhancingtheproductivityandcompetitivenessaswellascapacitybuildingofMicro
andSmallEnterprises(MSEs)andtheircollectivesinthecountry.

Theessentialcharacteristicsofenterprisesinaclusterare:
a. Similarity or complimentarily in the methods of production, quality control
andtesting,energyconsumption,pollutioncontrol,etc.
b. Similarleveloftechnologyandmarketingstrategies/practices
c. Channelsforcommunicationamongthemembersofthecluster
d. Commonchallengesandopportunities.

OtherNationalLevelLegalRequirements
7 OtherNationalLevelLegalRequirements
7.1. NationalHeritageConservation
The sections of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,
2010, which have relevance to the preparation of Regional, or Urban Development
Plans and their implementation have been provided in the URDPFI Guidelines for
reference.
7.1.1. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and

Remains(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 was
amendedin2010.ThisActprovidesprohibitedandrestrictedareasaroundprotected
monumentsasabufferinwhichconstructionactivitiesareprohibitedandrestricted.
AccordingtotheActprohibitedandrestrictedareasaredefinedasfollow:
As per the section 20 A of the Act, ProhibitedAreas: Every area, beginning at the
limit of the protected area or the protected monument, as the case may be, and
extendingtoadistanceofonehundredmetersinalldirectionsshallbetheprohibited
area. Government of India can specify an area even more than hundred meters.
Constructionactivitiesinsuchareasareprohibited.
Section 20 B defines Regulated Area: Every area, beginning at the limit of the
prohibited area in respect of ever ancient monument and archaeological site and
remains,declaredasofnationalimportance,extendingtoadistanceoftwohundred
metersinalldirectionsshallbetheregulatedareainrespectofsuchprotectedareaor
protectedmonument.GovernmentofIndiacanspecifyanareaevenmorethantwo
hundredmeters.Constructionactivitiesinsuchareasareregulated.
The said Act in section 20 F provides for the constitution of National Monuments
Authority,byCentralGovernmentthroughnotificationintheOfficialGazette.Someof
thefunctionsgrantedtotheAuthorityare:
TomakerecommendationstotheCentralGovernmentforgradingandclassifying
protectedmonumentsandprotectedareas,
To consider the impact of largescale developmental projects, including public
projects and projects essential to the public which may be proposed in the
regulatedarea.
The details of The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010areappendedinAppendixOofVolumeIIB.
7.2. NationalEnvironmentalLegalRequirements
The key National level environmental legal requirements, which have relevance to
planningandimplementation,arebrieflyexplainedinthissection.Theseare:
EnvironmentImpactAssessmentNotification2006,
EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986,
ForestConservationAct,1980,
CoastalRegulationZone,2011
EcoSensitiveZone
7.2.1. EnvironmentImpactAssessmentNotification2006
Considering recent developments, and to ensure that the economic growth and
development in our country is in conformity with regulations for environmental
conservation,theMinistryofEnvironment&ForestshasnotifiedtheEnvironmental
Impact Assessment Notification, 2006. The environmental clearance (EC) process
under implementation prior to 2006 highlighted the need to introduce specific
processes /categories/ activities and also the need for new sectors such as coal
washerytobebroughtintheambitoftheECprocessduetotheirextentofimpacton
environment.TheEIANotification2006hasnotified39developmentalsectorswhich
requirepriorEC.
TheMoEFhaspreparedEIAguidelinesoneachsectorasidentifiedbyEIAnotification
2006, which elaborates the procedure and mandatory requirements of EIA with
respecttothesector.ForexampleManualonnormsandstandardsforenvironment
clearance of large construction projects has been prepared by MoEF to assist
developersandprojectproponentsmeasureandquantifyenvironmentalimpactsof
proposedconstruction,andderivemitigationoptionstominimiseimpacts.
EIAisanexercisetobecarriedoutbeforeanyprojectormajoractivityisundertaken
toensurethatitwillnotinanywayharmtheenvironmentonashorttermorlong
termbasis.Anydevelopmentalendeavourrequiresnotonlytheanalysisoftheneed
of such a project, the monetary costs and benefits involved but most important, it
requires a consideration and detailed assessment of the effect of a proposed
developmentontheenvironment.EIAshouldprovideinformationtodecisionmakers
atearlystageoftheprojectplanningcycle.Itshouldbeinitiatedasearlyaspossible
before the commencement of projects. If the projects secure approval, EIA should
include a provision to cover the audit of the project. Following is the general list of
projectsthatrequireEnvironmentalclearancefromthecentralgovernment:
NuclearPowerandrelatedprojectssuchasheavywaterplants,nuclearfuel
complex,rareearths.

RiverValleyprojectsincludinghydelpower,majorirrigation&theircombination
includingfloodcontrol.
Ports,Harbours,Airports(exceptminorportsandharbours).
PetroleumRefineriesincludingcrudeandproductpipelines.
ChemicalFertilizers.
Pesticides.
Petrochemicalcomplexes.
Bulkdrugsandpharmaceuticals.
Explorationforoilandgasandtheirproduction,transportationandstorage.
SyntheticRubber.
AsbestosandAsbestosproducts.
Hydrocyanicacidanditsderivatives.
(a)Primarymetallurgicalindustries,(b)Electricarcfurnaces(MiniSteelPlants).
Chloralkaliindustry.
Integratedpaintcomplexincludingmanufactureofresinsandbasicrawmaterials
requiredinthemanufactureofpaints.
Viscosestaplefibreandfilamentyarn.
Storagebatteriesintegratedwithmanufactureofoxidesofleadandleadantimony
alloys.
All tourism projects between 200m500 metres of High Water Line and at
locations with an elevation of more than 1000 metres with investment of more
thanRs.5crore.
ThermalPowerPlants.
Miningprojectswithleasesmorethan5hectares.
HighwayProjects.
TarredRoadsintheHimalayasandorForestareas.
Distilleries.
RawSkinsandHides.
Pulp,paperandnewsprint.
Dyes.
Cement.
Foundries(individual)
Electroplating
Metaaminophenol
7.2.2. EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986
TheEnvironmentProtectionAct,1986(EPA)hasnotifiedvariousrulesunderEPAfor
protectingtheenvironmentwhicharementionedbelow:
TheManufacture,Use,Import,ExportandStorageofHazardousMicroOrganism
GeneticallyEngineeredOrganismorCellsRules,1989
TheHazardousWastes(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1989
TheManufacture,StorageandImportofHazardousChemicalsRule,1989
SchemeofLabelingofEnvironmentFriendlyProducts(ECOMARK)
RestrictingcertainactivitiesinspecialSpecifiedareaofAravalliRange
TheChemicalAccidents(EmergencyPlanning,PreparednessandResponse)Rules,
1996
TheBioMedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1998,
TheRecycledPlasticsManufactureandUsageRules,1999
TheMunicipalSolidWastes(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2000
TheNoisePollution(RegulationandControl)Rules,2000
TheOzoneDepletingSubstances(Regulation)Rules,2000
TheBatteries(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2001
AlongwiththeaboverulesasidentifiedinEPA1986,TheAir(PreventionandControl
of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the NoisePollution (Regulation and Control) 2000 shall
alsobereferredtoformulatenormsandstandardswhilepreparingdevelopmentplan
foracity.Thevariousstatuaryobligationsfordifferentclearancesarementionedin
tablebelow:
Table7.1: StatutoryObligationsofEnvironmentClearances
TypeofClearances Statutoryobligations
EnvironmentClearances AsperEIAnotification,2006
ForestClearances AsperForestConservationAct,1980
GEACClearances Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of
Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or
Cells1989,underEPA1986
GEACClearances Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of
Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or
Cells1989,underEPA1986
TheActmaybereferredfromthewebURLprovidedinAppendixO,VolumeIIB.
7.2.3. ForestConservationAct,1980
Withtherisingrateofdeforestationandtheresultingenvironmentaldegradation,the
CentralGovernmentenactedtheforest(conservation)Actin1980.TheActprohibits
the deletion of a reserved forest or the diversion of forestland for any nonforest
purpose,andpreventsthecuttingoftreesinaforestwithoutthepriorapprovalofthe
Centralgovernment.Thesalientfeaturesoftheactaregivenbelow:
ThisActhasfiveSectionswhichdealwithconservationofforests.
TheActwasenactedwiththetwinobjectivesunderSection2ofrestrictingtheuse
offorestlandfornonforestpurposes,andpreventingthedereservationofforests
thathavebeenreservedundertheIndianForestAct,1927.However,in1988the
ActwasfurtheramendedtoincludetwonewprovisionsunderSection2,whereit
sought to restrict leasing of forest land to private individuals, authority,
corporations not owned by the Government, and to prevent clear felling of
naturallygrowntrees.

TheActempowerstheCentralGovernmenttoconstituteacommitteetoadvisethe
GovernmentwithagrantofapprovalunderSection2,asalsoonanyothermatter
connected with the conservation of forest and referred to it by the Central
Government.
TheActprovidesforthepunishmentofimprisonment,extendabletofifteendays
forthecontraventionoftheprovisionsoftheAct.
TheActprovidesforpunishmentofoffendersfromtheGovernmentDepartments,
includingHeadoftheDepartmentsandauthorities.
TheActcanbereferredfromthewebURLprovidedinAppendixO,VolumeIIB.
7.2.4. CoastalRegulationZone,2011
CentralGovernmentdeclaredthefollowingareasasCRZandimposedrestrictionson
thesettingupandexpansionofindustries,operationsorprocessesandthelikeinthe
CRZthroughtheCoastalRegulationZoneNotification,2011:
ThelandareafromHighTideLine(HTLmeansthelineonthelanduptowhichthe
highestwaterlinereachesduringthespringtide)to500metersonthelandward
sidealongtheseafront.
CRZshallapplytothelandareabetweenHTLto100metersorwidthofthecreek
whicheverislessonthelandwardsidealongthetidalinfluencedwaterbodiesthat
are connected to the sea and the distance upto which development along such
tidalinfluencedwaterbodiesistoberegulatedshallbegovernedbythedistance
uptowhichthetidaleffectsareexperiencedwhichshallbedeterminedbasedon
salinity concentration of 5 Parts Per Thousand (ppt) measured during the driest
period of the year and distanceupto which tidal effects are experienced shall be
clearly identified and demarcated accordingly in the Coastal Zone Management
Plans(CZMPs).
The land area falling between the hazard line and 500 meters from HTL on the
landwardside,incaseofseafrontandbetweenthehazardlineand100metersline
in case of tidal influenced water body the word hazard line denotes the line
demarcatedbyMinistryofEnvironmentandForests(MoEF)throughtheSurveyof
India(SoI)takingintoaccounttides,waves,sealevelriseandshorelinechanges.
LandareabetweenHTLandLowTideLine(LTL)istermedastheintertidalzone.
ThewaterandthebedareabetweentheLTLtotheterritorialwaterlimit(12Nm)
incaseofsea.ThewaterandthebedareabetweenLTLatthebanktotheLTLon
theoppositesideofthebank,oftidalinfluencedwaterbodies.
ThefollowingactivitieshavebeendeclaredprohibitedundertheCRZnotifications:
i. Setting up of new industries and expansion of existing industries with some
exception,
ii. Manufacture or handling oil storage or disposal of hazardous substance, with
someexception,
iii. Settingupandexpansionoffishprocessingunitsincludingwarehousingexcept
hatcheryandnaturalfishdryinginpermittedareas
iv. Land reclamation, bunding or disturbing the natural course of seawater with
someexception,
v. Setting up and expansion of units or mechanism for disposal of wastes and
effluentswithsomeexception,
vi. Dischargeofuntreatedwasteandeffluentsfromindustries,citiesortownsand
other human settlements. The concerned authorities shall implement schemes
forphasingoutexistingdischargeofthisnature,ifany,withinatimeperiodnot
exceedingtwoyearsfromthedateofissueofthisnotification.
vii. Dumping of city or town wastes including construction debris, industrial solid
waste,flyschemesforphasingoutanyexistingpractice,ifany,shallbephased
outwithinaperiodofoneyearfromdateofcommencementofthisnotification.
viii. Port and harbour projects in high eroding stretches of the coast, except those
projects classified as strategic and defence related in terms of EIA notification,
2006identifiedbyMoEFbasedonscientificstudiesandinconsultationwiththe
StateGovernmentortheUnionterritoryAdministration.
ix. Reclamationforcommercialpurposessuchasshoppingandhousingcomplexes,
hotelsandentertainmentactivities.
x. Miningofsand,rocksandothersubstratamaterials.
xi. Drawlofgroundwaterandconstructionrelatedthereto,within200mtsofHTL;
withsomeexception.
(Source:CoastalRegulationZoneNotification;6thJanuary,2011)
7.2.5. EcoSensitiveZones
Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 gave provision for the creation of National Parks,
Sanctuaries and Closed Area. Further, for the purpose of buffers around these
protectedareasasshockabsorber,EcosensitiveZonesweredeclared.Ecosensitive
Zones would also act as transition zone from areas of high protection to areas
involvinglesserprotection.Theactivitiesintheecosensitivezonesareregulatoryin
natureratherthanprohibitivenature.
Bythetimethisguidelinewasdeclared,manyoftheprotected areashadundergone
tremendousdevelopmentinclosevicinitytotheirboundaries.Therefore,definingthe
extentofEcosensitivezonearoundprotectedareaswaskeptflexibleandprotected
areaspecific.
The width of Ecosensitive Zone and type of regulations differ from one protected
areatoanother.However,asageneralprinciplethewidthoftheEcosensitiveZone
could go up to 10 kms around a Protected Area as provided in the Wildlife
Conservation Strategy, 2002. In case where sensitive corridors, connectivity and
ecologicallyimportantpatches,crucialforlandscapelinkage,areevenbeyond10Kms

width; these should be included in the Ecosensitive Zone. Further, in context of a

particular protected area, the distribution of an area of Ecosensitive Zone and the
extentofregulationmaynotbeuniformallaroundanditcouldbeofvariablewidth
andextent.
Table7.2: ActivitiesProhibited,RegulatedorPermittedinEcosensitiveZone
S.No.Activity Prohibited Regulated Permitted Remarks
1 CommercialMining Y Regulationwillnotprohibitthe
diggingofearthforconstruction
orrepairofhousesandfor
manufactureofcountrytilesor
bricksforhousingforpersonal
consumption
2 Fellingoftress Y Withpermissionfromappropriate
authority
3 Settingofsawmills Y
4 Settingofindustries Y
causingpollution
(Water,Air,Soil,Noise,
etc.
5 Establishmentofhotels Y Asperapprovedmasterplan,
andresorts whichtakescareofhabitats
allowingnorestrictionon
movementofwildanimals
6 CommercialUseoffire Y Forhotelsandotherbusiness
wood relatedestablishment
7 Drasticchangeof Y
agriculturesystems
8 Commercialuseof Y Asperapprovedmasterplan,
naturalwaterresources whichtakescareofhabitats
includinggroundwater allowingnorestrictionon
harvesting movementofwildanimals
9 Establishmentofmajor Y Promoteundergroundcabling
hydroelectricprojects
10 Erectionofelectrical Y
cables
11 Ongoingagricultureand Y However,excessiveexpansionof
horticulturepracticesby someoftheseactivitiesshouldbe
localcommunities regulatedasperthemasterplan
12 Rainwaterharvesting Y Shouldbeactivelypromoted
13 Fencingofpremisesof Y
hotelsandlodges
14 Organicfarming Y Shouldbeactivelypromoted
15 Useofpolythenebagsby Y
shopkeepers
16 Useofrenewableenergy Y Shouldbeactivelypromoted
sources
17 Wideningofroads Y Thisshouldbedonewithproper
EIAandmitigationmeasures
18 Movementofvehicular Y Forcommercialpurpose
S.No.Activity Prohibited Regulated Permitted Remarks

trafficatnight
19 Introductionofexotic Y
species
20 Useorproductionofany Y
hazardoussubstances
21 Undertakingactivities Y
relatedtotourismlike
overflyingthenational
parkareabyany
aircraft,hotairballoons
22 Protectionofhillslopes Y Asperthemasterplan
andriverbanks
23 Dischargeofeffluents Y
andsolidwastein
naturalwaterbodiesor
terrestrialarea
24 Airandvehicular Y
pollution
25 Signboardsand Y Asperthemasterplan
hoardings
26 Adoptionofgreen Y Shouldbeactivelypromoted
technologyforall
activities
Source:GuidelinesfortheDeclarationofEcosensitiveZonesaroundNationalParksandWildlifeSanctuaries;dated9th
February,2011
7.3. CantonmentAct,2006
Following provisions of The Cantonment Act, 2006 have been identified by URDPFI
guidelinesthathaverelevancetothepreparationofRegionalorUrbanDevelopment
Plansandtheirimplementation.ThedetailedActcanbereferredfromAppendixOof
VolumeIIB.
1. TheCentralGovernmentcandeclareanyplaceorplacesalongwithboundariesin
whichtheForcesisquarteredorwhichisrequiredfortheserviceofsuchforces,
to be a cantonment and can also declare that any such area shall cease to be a
cantonment,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette.
2. TheCentralGovernmentcandefinethelimitsofanycantonmentfortheaforesaid
purposes,byalikenotification.
3. TheCentralGovernmentcan,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette,directthatin
anyplacedeclaredacantonmentunderthisAct,theprovisionsofanyenactment
relatingtolocalselfgovernmentotherthanthisActshallhaveeffectonlytosuch
extent,asmaybespecifiedinthenotification.
Forthealterationoflimitsofcantonments,TheContentmentAct,2006,prescribes:
4. TheCentralGovernmentcandeclaretoincludeortoexcludethecantonmentany
localarea,bynotificationintheOfficialGazette.

5. Anyinhabitantofacantonmentorlocalareainrespectofwhichnotificationhas
been published under subsection (1) may, within eight weeks from the date of
notification, submit in writing to the Central Government through the General
OfficerCommandinginChief,theCommand,anobjectiontothenotification,and
theCentralGovernmentshalltakesuchobjectionintoconsideration.
6. The Central Government considers the objections which have been submitted,
aftertheexpiryofeightweeksfromthedateofthenotification,bynotificationin
the Official Gazette, include or exclude the local area in respect of which the
notificationwaspublishedoranypartthereof,inthecantonment.

FORMULATI
ONANDI MPLEMENTATI
ON
(
URDPFI)GUI
DELINES
Vol
umeI
IB
Appendi
cest
oURDPFIGui
del
ines,2014

TableofContents
1 AppendixAMakingoftheGuidelines 1
1.1. BackgroundandObjective 1
1.2. TermsofReference(ToR) 1
1.3. ScopeofWork(SOW) 2
1.4. Deliverables 3
1.5. ApproachandMethodologyfortheRevisionStudy 3
1.5.1. Approach 3
1.5.2. Methodology 4
1.6. OrganisationoftheResearchStudy 10
1.6.1. ProjectTeam 10
1.6.2. TechnicalCoreGroupTeam 10
1.7. ContactList 11
1.8. Glossary 21
1.8.1. Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthe
volumes) 21
1.8.2. References(read,understoodand/oranalysedforthepreparationoftheRevised
Guidelines) 31
2 AppendixBBasicPlanningDefinition 51
3 AppendixCPPPModelsinexistingscenario 61
3.1. Introduction 61
3.2. Existingscenario 61
3.3. PublicPrivatePartnership:AlternateDefinitions 61
3.4. PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)inIndia 62
4 AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedInstitutes 67
5 AppendixEBiodiversityIndexIndicator 69
6 AppendixFTransportSurveyFormat 73
6.1. ReviewofExistingStudies,ReportsandPlans 73
6.2. OngoingandPlannedProjects 74
6.3. OutlineofRoadNetwork 75
6.4. InventoryofArterialRoadNetwork 76
6.5. InventoryofFlyoversandUnderpasses 77
6.6. InventoryofMajorIntersections 78
6.7. InventoryofParkingFacilities 79
6.8. InventoryofTrafficControlFacilities 80
6.9. InventoryofPedestrianFacilities 81
6.10. InventoryofNMVFacilities 82
6.11. InventoryofLevelCrossings 83
6.12. AvailabilityofPublicTransportTypes/ParaTransitModes 84
6.13. InventoryofBusOperation,Maintenance,andEconomicandProductivityIndicators 85
6.14. InventoryofParaTransit 87
6.15. InventoryofMajorIntermodalInterchanges 88

6.16. SummaryofTrafficAccidents 89
6.17. SummaryofEnforcement 90
6.18. InventoryofAgencies/OrganizationsRelatingtoUrbanTransport 91
6.19. AssessmentofPlanning,ImplementationandCoordinationCapacity 92
6.20. InventoryEnvironmentalMonitoringData 93
6.21. TypicalUrbanTransportIssues 94
6.22. PopulationandSocioeconomicSituation 97
6.23. VehicleOwnershipData 98
6.24. TrafficCountSurveys(ScreenLineSurveyandCordonSurvey) 99
6.25. TrafficCountSurvey(IntersectionTurningMovementSurvey) 100
6.26. QueueLengthSurvey 101
6.27. TravelSpeedandTimeSurvey 102
6.28. HouseholdODSurvey 103
6.29. HouseholdODSurvey 104
6.30. RoadsideODSurvey 105
6.31. PublicTransportandFreightVehicleMovementSurvey 106
7 AppendixGStandardLayoutofMap 107
7.2. MapEnlargementandReduction 108
7.3. MapNotation 108
8 AppendixHCadastralMapOverlay 111
8.2. ProcessofbasemapformulationbyoverlayingSatelliteimagesovercadastralmaps 111
8.2.1. Acquisitionofgroundcontrolpoints: 111
8.2.2. Transformationmodelassessment: 111
8.2.3. Georeferencingofcadastralmaps: 111
8.2.4. ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,inisolation: 112
8.2.5. ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,withneighbourhoodreference: 112
8.2.6. MosaicgenerationatRevenue,talukaanddistrictlevel: 112
9 AppendixIRoadCrossSections 113
10 AppendixJTravelDemandModellingProcess 115
10.1. TripGeneration 115
10.2. TripDistribution 115
10.3. ModalSplit 116
10.4. TrafficAssignment 119
10.5. ModelForecasts 120
11 AppendixKRoadSafetyChecklist 121
11.2. CHECKLIST1Audit:Stage1(DuringFeasibilityStudy) 121
11.3. CHECKLIST2Audit:Stage2(CompletionofPreliminaryDesign) 122
11.4. CHECKLIST3Audit:Stage3(CompletionofDetailedDesign) 125
11.5. CHECKLIST4Audit:Stage4(DuringConstructionStage) 128
11.6. CHECKLIST5Audit:Stage5(CompletionofConstruction/PreOpening) 129
11.7. CHECKLIST6Audit:Stage6(OnExistingRoadsorDuringOperation&Management)129
11.8. CHECKLIST7Planning 130
11.9. CHECKLIST8Alignment 130
11.10. CHECKLIST9CrossSection 131
11.11. CHECKLIST10Junctions 131
11.12. CHECKLIST11RoadSigns 133
11.13. CHECKLIST12RoadMarkings 133
11.14. CHECKLIST13Lighting 134
11.15. CHECKLIST14RoadsideHazards 134
11.16. CHECKLIST15RoadsideFacilities 135
11.17. CHECKLIST16VulnerableRoadUsers 135
11.18. CHECKLIST17DevelopmentProposals 136
11.19. CHECKLIST18MaintenanceWork 137
12 AppendixLWasteWaterRecyclingTechniques 139
12.1. WasteStabilisationPondSystems(WSPS) 139
12.2. DuckweedPondSystem(DPS) 139
12.3. FacultativeAerateLagoon(FAL) 140
12.4. TricklingFilter(TF) 141
12.5. ActivatedSludgeProcess(ASP) 141
12.6. BiologicalFiltrationandOxygenatedreactor(BIOFOR)Technology 141
12.7. HighrateActivatedSludgeBioforFTechnology 142
12.8. FluidizedAeratedBed(FAB) 142
12.9. SubmergedAerationFixedFilm(SAFF)Technology 143
12.10. CyclicActivatedSludgeProcess(CASP) 143
12.11. UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanketProcess(UASB) 144
13 AppendixMSolidWasteManagement:BestPractises 145
13.2. Case:VelloreMunicipality,2000 145
13.3. Case:PimpriChinchwadMunicipalCorporation(PCMC) 146
13.4. Case:AmritsarMunicipalCorporation 147
14 AppendixNHierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment 149
15 AppendixOAllotherplanningrelatedacts 153
ListofFigures
Figure1.1:MethodologyofpreparationofURDPFIGuidelines,2014_____________________________________4
Figure7.1: RepresentationofStandardlayoutofthemap_____________________________________________108
Figure7.2: SurveyofIndiaToposheet___________________________________________________________________109
Figure7.3: InternationalStudyinputs __________________________________________________________________109
Figure7.4: SurveyofIndiaToposheet___________________________________________________________________109
Figure9.1: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad____________________________________________________________113
Figure9.2: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad____________________________________________________________113
Figure9.3: CrosssectionofAccessroad ________________________________________________________________114
Figure15.1PlanningrelatedActsandreferenceURLs__________________________________________________153

ListofTables
Table1.1:Deliverablesoftheproject_____________________________________________________________________3
Table1.2: MajorStakeholderConsultationsandKeyInputs(inadditiontoMoUD)__________________5
Table1.3: Contactlistforconsultationanddatacollection____________________________________________11
Table1.4: Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthe
volumes)_______________________________________________________________________________________21
Table1.5: ReferencesfortheGuidelines(read,understoodand/oranalysedforthepreparationof
theguideline)__________________________________________________________________________________31
Table2.1: ChapterwiseBasicPlanningDefinitions_____________________________________________________51
Table3.1: AlandurSewerageProjectDetails____________________________________________________________63
Table3.2: TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMSWMProjectdetails_________________________________________64
Table3.3: HyderabadMetroDetails_____________________________________________________________________64
Table3.4: VadodaraHalolTollRoadDetails____________________________________________________________65
Table4.1: ListofInstitutesofferingvariouscoursesinTownPlanningandrecognisedbyITPI___67
Table5.1: BiodiversityIndexIndicators ________________________________________________________________69
Table10.1:FactorsAffectingModeChoice_______________________________________________________________118
Table11.1: RoadSafetyChecklists______________________________________________________________________121
Table13.1: PriorConditionsandAchievementsoftheProject_______________________________________146
Table14.1: HierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment _________________________________________149

AppendixAMakingoftheGuidelines
1 AppendixAMakingoftheGuidelines
1.1. BackgroundandObjective
The first National level planning guidelines The Urban Development Plans Formulations and
Implementation Guidelines (UDPFI) were framed in 1996. Since then, many changes have taken
place in the field of urban development especially in view of emerging needs and requirements of
urban settlements due to rapid population growth and other reasons like globalization and
liberalization. The towns and cities have been more dynamic in nature and are subject to
unprecedented changes in terms of requirements of infrastructure and other basic services/
amenities. Besides, new emerging aspects like inclusive planning, sustainable habitat, land use and
transport integration at planning stage, preparation of Comprehensive Mobility Plans (CMP) for
urban transport, Service Level Benchmarks, disaster management, environmentally sustainable
transport and urban reforms have given a new dimension to the planning process. Therefore, it
necessitatedtorevisittheUDPFIGuidelines,1996.
The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), through the standard tendering procedures, awarded
thetasktorevisetheguidelinestoMottMacDonald(referredtoasConsultant)inAugust2013.The
timeframewas9months.TheobjectivewastoreviseTheUrbanDevelopmentPlansFormulation&
Implementation(UDPFI)Guidelines,1996andformulate
The Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation & Implementation (URDPFI)
Guidelines,2014
1.2. TermsofReference(ToR)
MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentproposedtoformulatetheURDPFIGuidelines,2014toaccommodate
thefutureneedsoftheevergrowingpopulationcoupledwithurbanizationwiththefollowingTerms
ofReference(ToR):
ReviewtheUDPFIGuidelines,1996,reviseandpreparetheURDPFIguidelines;
Undertakestakeholderconsultationwithallrelevantstakeholders;
Consult key Ministries and the Planning Commission, NCRPB, MMRDA and other relevant State
andCentralMinistries,BodiesorAuthorities;
StudyrelevantCentralandStateLaws,rulesandregulations;
AddresstothedataavailablewithBHUVAN,ISRO,NESAC,NUISCensus2001and2011,Surveyof
IndiaandGISdatabaseofNIC;
Integrationofdifferenttypesofplans;
Identifythegapswherenewsetofnormsandstandardsforplanformulationarerequired;
Suggest a clearcut framework for plan formulation in view of the emerging scenario of the
countrysurbanizationandoverallvision;
Suggestthenewsetofnormsandstandards,zoningregulationsincludingintegrateddevelopment
ofperiurbanareaswhichareeasilycomprehensibleanduserfriendly;
Suggestframeworkandstandards,fortransitorienteddevelopment,affordablehousingprojects
andslumredevelopmentandincorporateprinciplesofinclusivedevelopment;
Suggestsetofnormsandstandardsforlanduseandtransportintegrationatplanningstageitself,
integrationofCMPwiththemasterplanoftheplanningarea;
Suggestplanning,regulatoryandenforcementmechanismsforeffectivelydealingwithchallenges
ofurbanization;
Suggest set of norms and standards for earthquake prone areas, environmentally fragile zones
suchasCRZareasandhazardproneareasetc.;
URDPFIGuidelines,2014.VolumeIIB.MinistryofUrbanDevelopment 1
Suggestmechanismforimprovingeconomicopportunitiesofcities;
IncludeframeworkforCrisis/DisasterManagementPlansaspartofDevelopmentPlan;
Suggestmechanismandavenuesforparticipatoryplanning;and
Suggest various resource mobilization options and institutional supporting systems for urban
development.
Assess the Legal Implications and framework for plan preparation, monitoring and impact
assessmentoftheMasterPlans.
EvolveparticipatoryplanapproachincludingplanningatULBs,planningforperiurbanareasand
provideforintegrationbetweendifferentlevelsofplan.
1.3. ScopeofWork(SOW)
WhileformulatingtheURDPFIGuidelines,2014thefollowingissueswastobefocusseduponaswas
indicatedbytheMoUD:
1. TheservicelevelbenchmarksdevelopedbytheMoUD.
2. A broad based consultation process by developing a discussion portal and disseminating the
Guidelinesinregionallanguage.
3. IntegrationbetweendifferentlevelsofplansincludingintegrationofCityDevelopmentPlanand
ComprehensiveMobilityPlan(CMP)withstatutoryMasterPlan.
4. Integrated land use transport planning with priority to public transport and nonmotorised
transport.
5. Aseparatevolumeonlegalaspects.
6. Needforassessingtheimpactoftheplanongrowth,employmentetc.inaquantifiablemannerto
makeitmoreacceptabletovariousstakeholders.
7. Aseparatechaptershouldbeincludedonredevelopmentofinnercityareasaswellthecityasa
whole,withdensificationalongmasstransitcorridors.
8. A separate Chapter on Urban Transport Impact Assessment for different land use scenarios in
termsofoveralltraveldemand,averagetriplengthMaximumtimeoftravelbypublictransport
(for80%ofthetrips)inpeaktime.
9. Guidelinesforregionalplanningincludingforinterstateregionthatwouldrequirecrosscutting
interventionsfromzonaladministration.
10. Norms and standards for earthquake prone areas, environmentally fragile zones such as CRZ
areasandhazardproneareasetc.
11. FrameworktomakeCrisis/DisasterManagementPlansapartofDevelopmentPlan.
12. UseofGIStechnologiesforplanformulationincludingintegrationwithBhuvanandGoogleMap
etc.
13. Dovetailingtheguidelineswithvariousstatutoryprovisionsasalsotherecommendationsof2nd
AdministrativeReformsCommissionandtheWorkingGrouponUrbanPlanning.
14. Measurestotackletheproblemsarisingoutofthetransitionofruralareasintoperiurbanand
urbanareas.
15. Includeguidelinesforspecialpurposecities,industrialtowns,smartcities,portcities,sportcities,
heritage cities, medicities, IT corridors, corridor (main and subsidiary), SEZ, Hi tech cities,
greenfieldtowns,hilltownsetc.
16. Focusonlandsuitabilityandurbanrenewalnorms.
17. One National Workshop and three Regional Workshops to be organized with at least one
workshop inthe eastern region with State T&CP Department, Urban Development Department,
TransportDepartment,TrafficPolice,DevelopmentAuthorities,UMTAsandLocalBodies.
18. Links with the National Building Code and parameter under National Mission for Sustainable
Habitat.
19. Includeplansforwater,sanitationanddrainage.
2 URDPFIGuidelines,2014.VolumeIIB.MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

20. Principlesfordeterminationofthecosts(capital&recurring)toimplementthedifferentaspects
oftheplanalongwithspecificmeasurestomeetsuchcosts.
21. Uniform/standardisationofcolourcode
22. Frameworkforimplementationoftheplan,includinggovernanceofthesame.
23. Ultimately,theURDPFIguidelinesshouldculminateinaresponsiveplanningsystem.
1.4. Deliverables
Theprojectwasdeliveredinsixstagesastabulatedbelow:
Table1.1:Deliverablesoftheproject
Stages Description Deliverables
StageIInception Finalizationofroadmapforcompletionofthe InceptionReport
project
StageIIReview ReviewofUDPFIGuidelines,1996andGap ReportonreviewsofexistingUDPFI
Identification guidelines,1996
StageIII RegionalWorkshops Recommendationsofregionalworkshops
Consultation atmajorcities
StageIVDraft Framingofnewguidelines,includingthelegal RevisedUDPFIGuidelinesDraftStage
document
StageVNational NationalWorkshoptodeliberateonthefirstDraft Reportofrecommendationsinthe
workshop Report Workshop
StageVIFinal Incorporationofthefinalrecommendations FinalReportUDPFIGuidelines,2013
Source:Termsofreferenceoftheproject
1.5. ApproachandMethodologyfortheRevisionStudy
1.5.1. Approach
With the vision to encompass and provide for the holistic urban and regional development for the
entire land cover of India, the approach followed in the formulation of URDPFI Guidelines, 2014
comprised of a participatory consultation of the various stakeholders through the following
pathways,viz:
1) FormulationofTechnicalCoreGroup(TCG):TCGwasformedbyMoUDforthisrevision.
TheconsultantheldperiodicinteractionswiththeTCGmembersformallyandinformallyfor
gettinginputs.TheroleofTCGmembersincluded:
Coordinationwiththeconsultantontechnicalaspects
Technicalinputs&areaspecificrecommendations
Reviewtheconsultant'sworkatvariousstages
Guide&supportdatacollection,stakeholderconsultationandworkshops

2) GoogleDiscussionGroup:AnonlinegroupwasfacilitatedbyTCPOwhichallowedinterface
ofvariousplannersandpractitionersforthefollowing:
Technicalinputs&areaspecificrecommendations
Sharingofinformation
Technicalfeedback&interaction

3) MonthlyReviewMeetingswithMoUD:Monthly review meetings were held by MoUD for
the consultant to appraise the progress of the project and highlight the key issues for
inclusionintheguidelines.

4) KeyConsultations: The foremost criteria adopted in provisions of the URDPFI guidelines,
2014 were to make them in concomitance with the provisions of the Policies/ Guidelines/
Acts/BillsofvariousotherMinistriesandDepartments.

5) Regional workshops and National Consultative meeting: A total of five Regional
workshopswereconductedtoinvitecommentsfromallthe35StatesandUnionTerritories
of India. Regional workshops were organised wherein the planning aspects varying across
Stateswerediscussedandapproachtoplanninginfuturewasdirected.Regionalworkshops
wereheldatPanchkula,Mysore,Goa,GuwahatiandBhubaneswar.TheNationalConsultative
meetingwasorganisedinNewDelhionthe4thofApril2014todeliberateontheaspectsof
theguidelinestoholisticallyconsultwithNationalandStatelevelstakeholders.
All the key suggestions, comments and provisions obtained from the legal documents, authentic
reference and the consultations held have been comprehensively incorporated in the URDPFI
Guidelines,2014amongstotherinclusionsuponappraisalatvariousstages.
1.5.2. Methodology
Themethodologyadoptedforformulationoftheguidelinesisdescribedinthefigurebelow:
Figure1.1:MethodologyofpreparationofURDPFIGuidelines,2014
Source: MM

1.5.2.1. StageIInception
The Inception stage comprised of brainstorming sessions for finalisation of road map of URDPFI
Guidelines and a kick off meeting with the MoUD. The major aspects covered in the inception
study/reportwere:
Finalisationofmethodologyandworkplan.
Frameworkandlocationsforregionalworkshop,
List of stakeholders to be consulted including Ministries & Departments, ULBs, Experts and
Institutesandissueofauthorisationletter,
Suggestionsondatatobereferred.
SelectionoftheStateTown&CountryPlanningActs,citiesforcasestudies
FormationoftheTechnicalCoreGroupassuggestedbytheconsultant.
DiscussionontheoverallNationalconsultationframeworkandstakeholders&setupofGoogle
DiscussionGroup.
1.5.2.2. StageIIReview&Analysis
Thesecondstageundertooksecondarydatareview&analysisoftheUDPFIguidelines,1996.During
thisstagethestakeholderconsultationswereinitiatedwhichfollowedthroughtheStagesIIIandIV.
Secondary Data Review: The secondary data of various Ministries, Departments, Institutions and
Professional Bodies uploaded on websites such as of Planning Commission; Ministry of Urban
Development; Ministry of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation; Ministry of Environment and
Forests;DepartmentofLandResources,MinistryofRuralDevelopment,etc.andvariousCityMaster/
Development Plans were identified for review and analysis. Some of the important references
includedReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning,TwelfthFiveYearPlan,Public
Private Partnership Toolkit of ADB and MoUD, JNNURM CDP Toolkit, The Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, Handbook on Service Level Benchmarking, National
Urban Sanitation Policy, NDMA Guidelines for Disaster Management, State Town and Country
Planning Acts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Bihar, Maharashtra and
Gujarat,TheKeralaTownandCountryPlanningOrdinance,2013etc.
Based on the secondary data review, analysis and consultations; the gaps in the UDPFI guidelines,
1996 were identified. As an output of analysis, the recommendations for formulation of URDPFI
guidelineswerelisted.ThegapsandupdationswerefinalisedincloseconsultationwiththeTCGand
MoUD.
Stakeholder consultations: After secondary data review, consultations were through telephonic
conversation/ email/ face to face meetings. This undertook in depth interview and assisted in
crystallisationofthevisionoftheURDPFIguidelines.Themajorconsultationscorrespondingtothe
informationobtainedwere:
Table1.2: MajorStakeholderConsultationsandKeyInputs(inadditiontoMoUD)
Sr.No. Particulars Consultations
1. PlanningProcess a) PlanningCommission
b) RegistrarGeneralofIndia
c) SurveyofIndia(SoI)
d) TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation,Delhi(TCPO)
e) AhmedabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority(AUDA)
f) DelhiDevelopmentAuthority(DDA)
g) AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
h) JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JNNURM)
Sr.No. Particulars Consultations

i) SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,Delhi(SPA,Delhi)
2. UrbanPlanning a) MinistryofShipping
Approach b) MinistryofTourismIndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)
c) DirectorateGeneralofDefenceEstates
d) DelhiUrbanArtsCommission(DUAC)
e) InstituteofTownPlanners(ITP)
f) EMBARQ,India
g) HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(HMDA)
3. RegionalPlanning a) DelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridorDevelopmentCorporation(DMICDC)
b) MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority(MMRDA)
c) NationalCapitalRegionalPlanningBoard(NCRPB)
d) UrbanDevelopment&UrbanHousingDepartment,GovernmentofGujarat
e) TownandCountryPlanningDepartment,Goa
f) TownandCountryPlanningDepartment,Kerala
g) SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,Delhi(SPA,Delhi)
4. Sustainability& a) MinistryofEnvironmentandForests(MoEF)
DisasterManagement b) CentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)
c) NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
d) NationalInstituteofDisasterManagement(NIDM)
e) IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)
5. PlanningTechniques a) GeologicalSurveyofIndia(GIS)
b) NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
c) NationalUrbanInformationSystem(NUIS)
d) SurveyofIndia(SoI)
e) HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(HMDA)forGISmapping
6. TransportPlanning a) MinistryofRoadTransportandHighways(MoRTH)
b) CentralRoadResearchInstitute(CRRI)
c) InstituteofUrbanTransport(IUT)
d) AirportAuthorityofIndia(AAI)
e) IndianInstituteofTechnology,Delhi(IITDelhi)
f) SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,Delhi(SPA,Delhi)
g) CentreforEnvironmentPlanningandTechnology(CEPT)
7. Water,Drainage, a) MinistryofWaterandSanitation
WasteManagement& b) CentralGroundWaterBoard
SocialInfrastructure
Planning c) CentralPublicHealth&EnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO)
d) BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
8. Development a) BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
PromotionRegulation b) MinistryofSocialJusticeandEmpowerment
c) AirportAuthorityofIndia(AAI)
9. ResourceMobilisation a) MinistryofRuralDevelopment
b) TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation,Delhi(TCPO)
c) CentreforGoodGovernance
d) DelhiDevelopmentAuthority(DDA)
AnexhaustivecontactlistisgiveninSection1.7,TableA.7.
1.5.2.3. StageIIIRegionalWorkshopConsultation
The preparation of the Draft URDPFI Guidelines and organisation of Regional Workshops at five
locationswereheld.Theagendaoftheregionalworkshopconsultationswere:
LearningfromStatespecificbestpracticesandplanninginnovations

Identificationofthesourcestobridgedatagaps
Sharingofguidelines/policiesandotherdata

Theagendawasattainedbyathreestepprocedurefollowedintheworkshops:
a) Circulationofquestionnaire:the questionnaire consisting sectionon information sharing
anddatasharingwascirculatedinadvancetotheidentifiedstakeholdersforreceivingtheir
comments
b) Presentation:presentationoftheidentificationofgapsinUDPFIguidelines,1996andmajor
recommendationsfortheURDPFIGuidelines,2014
c) Deliberationsonkeypoints
During the workshops most of the States responded to the questionnaire circulated and provided
databaseforreference.Alongwiththis,someStatesgavepresentationsonchosenbestpracticessuch
as Planning in Hilly Areas by Shimla, Himachal Pradesh; Regional planning process by Goa, Plan
preparation process by Kerala, Village level planning in Rajasthan etc. The Regional Workshops
provided a good platform for communication of URDPFI vision and dovetailing the expectations of
thevariousstakeholdersandalsogettinginputsonbestpractices.
StatesandUTsofAndhraPradesh,HimachalPradesh,Karnataka, Kerala,Maharashtra,Puducherry,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Goa, Sikkim, Tripura, Odisha shared comments on
UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 and suggestions for the URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 in writing. Ministries
includingMinistryofDefence,DirectorateGeneralofDefenceEstates,MinistryofShipping,Ministry
ofRailways,MinistryofRuralDevelopment,MinistryofRoad,TransportandHighways,Ministryof
WaterResourcesextendedgreathelpintheformulationoftheGuidelines.
Further suggestions were invited from the States & Institutes on Google Discussion Group. Some
academic institutions such as Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; School of Planning and
Architecture, Vijaywada, College of Engineering, Pune, Department of Architecture and Planning,
CollegeofEngineering,Trivandrumsharedtheircomments.
RecommendationsfromRegionalConsultation:At this stage an analysis of the suggestions was

madeandaconciserecommendationreportofalltheworkshopswasprepared.Thekeypointsfrom
the recommendation report were appropriately addressed in the URDPFI Guidelines upon
consultationwithMoUDandTCG.
1.5.2.4. StageIVDraftingofURDPFIGuidelines
DraftingofVolumeIGuidelinesrelatedtoUrbanandRegionalPlanning
BasedontheinputsfromstageItoIIIandthegapsintheexistingUDPFIguidelines,theDraftURDPFI
guidelineswerepreparedcontainingthefollowingpoints.Inpreparationoftheguidelines,someof
the sections of UDPFI Guidelines were retained which were applicable in the current planning
scenario.
Reclassificationoftheurbansettlements
Recommended planning system, Planning process including the inter relationships between
variousplansandtheircontents
Resource mobilisation and options for land assembly, fiscal resource mobilisation and
institutionalsetup.
AseparatechapteronRegionalPlanningincludingperiurbanareaandlanduseclassification
Revisedurbanplanningapproachandplanningbasedoncitytypologiessuchashilly,innercity,
industrial, heritage/ religious/ tourism, port, medical and sport cities. An introduction to the
planning aspectsof compactcity covering TODand Mixed use, green city/township andSmart
city.
Inclusion of mandatory aspects of sustainability sustainable transportation viz a viz landuse
planning,disastermanagement,environmentstatutoryobligationsetc.
Techniquesforplanpreparation includingGISbasedplanningthroughuseofBhuvanandallied
portals.
Guidelines for assessment of infrastructure demand for the newer kind of integrated
developments
Dovetailingwithvariousstatutoryprovisionsincludingrecommendationsof2ndAdministrative
ReformsCommission,WorkingGrouponPlanning,73rdand74thCAA.
Achapteronrecommendationsandactionplanbasedonrationality.
DraftingofVolumeIIGuidelinesrelatedtoNationalLevellegalaspects
AseparatevolumeonLegalaspectswasformulated,especiallyfocussingon:
Implicationsof73rd&74thCAA
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and
ResettlementAct,2013
SuggestionsontherevisionofModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985
andModelMunicipalLaw,2006
Some of the State level Legal framework were compared to bring out advantages and
disadvantages
Legalrequirementsforindustrialdevelopments
OtherNationallevellegalrequirementsforheritageandenvironmentconservation
ThedraftURDPFIguidelinesincludingitschapterisationstructurewaspreparedinconsultationwith
the various stakeholders. Further draft technical sections were shared with respective agencies for
their inputs such as NRSC, NDMA, AAI, various departments of SPA, Delhi etc. who confirmed the
provisions with reference to their statutory requirements/ key suggestions. The glossary of the
referenceisgiveninAppendixA.5.
ThedraftURDFPIguidelinewaswidelycirculatedonMoUDwebsite,GoogleDiscussionGroup,weblinks
and to all Ministries, inviting comments and suggestions for inclusion/ making modifications in the
guidelines.Commentswerereceivedfrommorethan20sourcesbeforeand22sourcesaftertheNational
Workshop,whichweresorted,examinedandconsideredforinclusion.
1.5.2.5. Stage V & Stage VI: National Consultative Meeting and

formulationofFinalURDPFIGuidelines,2014
NationalConsultativewasheldon4thApril,2014inDelhitohaveholisticconsultationontheDraft
Guidelines.StakeholdersfortheworkshopwerefinalisedincloseconsultationwithMoUD.
Totalof174participantsattendedtheNationalWorkshop,includingthefollowing:
MinistriesparticipatedMinistryofWaterResources,MinistryofPanchayatiRaj,Ministryof
Shipping,MinistryofDefence
Participating States & Union Territories (about 16) Andhra Pradesh (HMDA), Assam,
Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, NCT Delhi, Orissa, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and
WestBengal.
Other agencies participated AIA, CPCB, CPHEEO, CSO, CPWD, Delhi Metro, Department of
Post and Telegraph, Geological Survey of India, IUT, INTACH, Indian Port Association,

International Boundary Directorate, National Disaster Management Authority, RGI, and

SurveyofIndia.
Participating Planning Institutes College of Engineering Trivandrum, IIT Roorkee, Mysore
InstituteofDevelopmentStudies,NITWarangalandSPADelhi.
Based on the comments and recommendation on the Draft Guidelines and outputs of consultative
meeting including monthly review meetings with MoUD, the Draft Guidelines was updated as Final
URDPFIGuidelines,2014.
1.6. OrganisationoftheResearchStudy
1.6.1. ProjectTeam
AsconstitutedbytheappointedConsultantaccordingtotheRFPapprovedbythe
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment.
1.6.2. TechnicalCoreGroupTeam
AsperMoUD,OfficeMemorandum,dated2ndSeptember,2013.
JointSecretary(UD),MoUD,Chairperson
ChiefPlanner,TCPO,MemberConvenor
ConsultativeMembers
IndiaUrbanSpaceFoundation
TownPlanner,TCPO
ChiefRegionalPlanner,NCRPB
Director,NIUA
DirectorGeneral,InstituteofUrbanTransport,MoUD
Director,CentreforResearch,Documentation&Training(CRDT),
InstituteofTownPlannersIndia
Head,DepartmentofPhysicalPlanning,
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,NewDelhi
Head,DepartmentofTransportPlanning,
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,NewDelhi
1.7. ContactList
Table1.3: Contactlistforconsultationanddatacollection
Modeof
S.No. AgencyName Name&Designation AddressandContactnumber Keypointsconsulted
Contact
1 AhmedabadUrban Ms.NeelaMunshi, SardarVallabhbhaiPatelSankul, Facetoface SustainableDevelopmentPlanStrategy,
Development ChiefTownPlanner Usmanpura, meeting,Mail UseofTDR,
Authority AshramRoad,Ahmedabad380
014 UrbanWaterBodiesRedevelopment
Phone+91792754505154 LocalAreaPlan
2 AirportAuthorityof Ms.KalpanaSethi ExecutiveDirector(Planning) Facetoface ZonewithinwhichNOCisrequiredfromAAIfor
India CBlock,RajivGandhiBhawan, meeting,Mail construction.
SafdarjungAirport,NewDelhi Heightrestrictions.
110003
MinimumdistanceofairportfromGreenareas.
Phone01124654084Email
SuggestionsfromAAI.
edplg@aai.aero
Restrictionsintheaerodromebufferzone,
Mr.PawanKumarNagpal ExecutiveDirector(Engg.)1 Facetoface
BBlockIIIFloor,CorporateHead meeting,Mail
Quarters
Phone01124693697Email
edengg@aai.aero
3 Associationof 7/6,SirifortInstitutionalArea, Libraryresearch MunicipalWardastheBasicUrbanPlannedDevelopment
Municipalitiesand AugustKrantiMarg, Area,
Development ChangingUrbanScenarioforGoodGovernance
Authorities NewDelhi110049,India
Phone911126494486,
26497973
4 BureauofIndian Mr.SanjayPant,Scientist BureauofIndianStandards Facetoface SpecialRequirementsforUrbanPlanninginHillyAreas
Standards &Director(Civil ManakBhavan meeting,Mail, NationalBuildingCodes,2005
Engineering) 9BahadurShahZafarMarg Telephonic
NewDelhi110002(INDIA) Citytypology
Phone:01123230131Extn4402
Fax:01123235529
email:sanjaypant@bis.org.in
5 CentralGroundWater Mr.S.K.Suneja CentralGroundWaterBoard, Facetoface Artificialrechargeunit
Board,Ministryof BhujalBhawan,NHIV,Faridabad, meeting,Mail AquiferMapping
WaterResources 121001,Ph.:+911292419075,
Mr.Sushil,Chairman Facetoface SalientfeaturesofProvisionofRainwaterWater
Email:chmncgwb@nic.in
meeting,Mail, Harvesting,CentralGroundWaterBoardforartificial
Telephonic

Modeof
Contact
rechargetechniques.
6 CentralPollution Mr.Sudhakar PariveshBhawan,CBDcumOffice Facetoface StateZoningAtlasmanual
ControlBoard Mr.AnandKumar ComplexEastArjunNagar,Delhi meeting,Mail ManualonpreparationofZoningatlasatdistrictlevel
110032
Ms.Piyali
7 CentralPublicHealth Mr.V.KChaurasia,Joint RoomNo.660A,NirmanBhavan, Facetoface CPHEEOmanualfor
&Environmental Adviser(PHEE) MaulanaAzadRoad,NewDelhi meeting,Mail, SewerageandSewageTreatment
Engineering 110011. Telephonic
Organisation RainWaterHarvesting(RWH)
Phone:(o)01123061144,(R)
01202417613 Drainage
Email:vijchaurasia@yahoo.co.in StormWater
Toilets
Dr.M.Dhindhyalan(Joint NeermanBhawan,RoomNumber Facetoface Allocationoflandforwaterinfrastructure,STP,
Advisor) 658A,NewDelhi. meeting,Mail, ProvisionsforSepticManagement,Regionallandfill,
DeputyAdviser(PHE) Phone:01123061571, Telephonic
Treatedsewageanditsreuse
Email:mdheen@gmail.com
Decentralisedwastewatermanagement
8 CentreforGood Mr.KarunakarReddy.R., Dr.MCRHRDInstituteofA.P. Telephonic LandbasedResourceMobilisation,
Governance KnowledgeManager, Campus), InnovativePracticesofLocalResourceMobilisation
CGG, RoadNo.25,JubileeHills,
Hyderabad500033
AndhraPradesh
9 CentralRoad Dr.ErrampalliMadhu, CentralRoadResearchInstitute Facetoface TravelDemandModelling
ResearchInstitute PrincipalScientist, (C.R.R.I.),MathuraRoad meeting,Mail,
TransportationPlanning NewDelhi110025,INDIA Telephonic
Division Tel:+911126312268(Off)+91
9958080643(Mobile)
+911126923114(Res)
Email:madhu.crri@nic.in,
errampalli.madhu@gmail.com
10 DelhiDevelopment Mr.J.BKsirsagar,Chief Town&CountryPlanning Facetoface LandPoolingTechniques
Authority Planner,TCPO& Organization meeting Landuseplanningstudy
CommissionerPlanning GovernmentofIndia
DDA MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
EBlock,VikasBhawan,
I.P.Estate,NewDelhi110002
11 DelhiMumbai MrAbhishekChaudhary, RoomNo.341B,03rdFloor,Hotel Facetoface PerspectivePlanandMasterPlanofDMIC
Modeof
Contact
IndustrialCorridor VicePresident Ashok,DiplomaticEnclave,50B meeting,Mail AtechnicaldiscussionwithDMICDConregionalplanning
Development CorporateAffairs Chanakyapuri,NewDelhi110021 aspects
Corporation &CompanySecretary Email:
abhishekchaudhary@dmicdc.com
Ph.:9810027336
12 DelhiUrbanArt Mr.RajRewal,Chairman, duac74@gmail.com, Mail Guidelines/pointsforinclusion/revisionofUDPFI
Commission DUAC guidelines
13 DirectorateforSpatial HenkSnoeken,Acting Henk.Snoeken@minienm.nl Mail Publicparticipation&Participationprocess
PlanningandWater, DirectorforSpatial Participationinofficialenvironmentalimpactassessments
Governmentofthe Development
Netherlands Dutchnationalurbanplanningpolicydocument
14 Embarq,India Mr.AmitBhatt,Strategy 87,2ndFloor,NewMangalaPuri, Facetoface Land&transportintegration,TOD
Head,UrbanTransport MGRoad,NewDelhi110030, meeting,Mail Issuesandchallengesinplanning
abhatt@embarqindia.org
StreetVendorsasPedestrianInfrastructure
+919868453595
Ms.SonalShah sshah@embarqindia.orgsshah@em Mail GenderConsciousnessinUrbanPlanningandRegulations
barqindia.org
15 GeologicalSurveyof MrGurpritSinghJaggi, GeologicalSurveyofIndia, Facetoface IntegrationofGSIwithBhuvanmaps,
India Director,GSI AII,PushpaBhawan, meeting GeoenvironmentalprofileintheMetadatabase
MadangirRoad,NewDelhi110 (procedure)
062.
Tel:01129053777(O)
FAX:01129962671,29051328
16 Hyderabad Mr.Sarma,Consultant, HMDA,Hyderabad Facetoface DevelopmentplanpreparationinGISplatform,
Metropolitan HyderabadMetropolitan meeting,Mail Siteanalysisstrategies
Development DevelopmentAuthority
Authority
17 IndianGreenBuilding MrPraveenKumarSoma, CIISohrabjiGodrejGreenBusiness Facetoface WorkdoneinthefieldoftheGreenBuildings,
Council SeniorCounsellor Centre,SurveyNo.64,Kothaguda meeting,Mail GreenTownshipsandGreenSEZsbyIndianGreenBuilding
Post,NearHITECCity,R.R.Dist., Council.
Hyderabad500084,Ph.:+9140
44185121,Email: NBC,2005CodesforsustainableDevelopment
praveen.soma@cii.in
MrRitabrataSen, ritabrata.sen@cii.in
Engineer
MrVNageshGupta, nagesh.gupta@cii.in

Modeof
Contact
Counsellor
18 IndianInstituteof Prof.GeetamTiwari, TRIPPS,Indian Facetoface TravelDemandModelling
Technology(IIT) Professor, InstituteofTechnology, meeting Freightcomplex
Delhi DepartmentofCivil
RoomMS815 NonMoterisedTransportmodalsplit
Engineering
(MainBuilding) TransitOrientedDevelopment
HauzKhas,New Samplingsizeofvarioustransportsurveys
Delhi DesignstandardsrelatedtoUrbanExpressways
Ph.:011 UrbanRoadDesignStandards
26858703
Email:geetamt@gmail.com
19 IndianInstituteof Dr.B.K.Sengupta, B185,IITcampus,03222255303, Mail,Faceto CommentsonUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Technology(IIT) professor,Departmentof 282700,277190 facemeeting
Kharagpur Architectureand duringregional
RegionalPlanning workshopat
Bhubneshwar
20 InstituteofTown Dr.Meshram,President, 4A,RingRoad,I.P.Estate,New Facetoface Citytypologies,
Planners,India ITPI Delhi110002 meeting Hillcitiesconsideration
Dr.Kulsheshtra Facetoface RegionalPlanning
meeting Planprocessconcept
Planformulation
74thCAAprovision
Participatoryapproach
21 InstituteofUrban Mr.C.L.Kaul,Executive InstituteofUrbanTransport(India) Facetoface RevisedtoolkitforCMP
Transport Secretary(IUT), 1stFloor,AnandViharMetro meeting,Mail, SamplingSize
Mr.M.L.Chotani, StationBuilding,Entryadjacentto Telephonic
TravelDemandModelling
Consultant,IUT GateNo1,
Delhi110092(INDIA),Ph.:(+91)
1166578700709,Fax.:(+91)11
66578733/44,Email:
info@iutindia.org
22 JawaharlalNehru Mr.AnandMohan, RoomNo:340C,Ph.:23062194, Facetoface GeneralinformationregardingProject
NationalUrban Director,JnNURM Email: meeting,Mail ToolkitsprovidedbyJnNURM
RenewalMission anandmohan2006@hotmail.com
CDPsofvariouscities
Modeof
Contact
IntegrationofGISinplanning
MinistryofDefence, Dr.D.KMalik, Ph:01125674976 Facetoface SuggestionsforinclusionsinUDPFIGuidelines
23 DirectorateGeneralof AdditionalDirectorate Email:dkmalik1958@gmail.com meeting,Mail,
DefenceEstates General Telephonic

Mr.AjayKumarSharma, Ph:01125676979,9990699002 Facetoface TheCantonmentAct,2006
IDES,DeputyDirector Email:ajayced@gmail.com meeting
General
Mr.N.VSatyanarayana, Ph:01125676979,9968608234 Facetoface ReviewoftheCantonmentsectionintheGuidelines
Dy.DirectorGeneral Email:nvsatya2008@gmail.com meeting,Mail
(Cantts)
Ministryof Mr.ManinderSingh,Joint ParyavaranBhawan,CGOComplex, Mail,Telephone Technicalaspectsofenvironmentalobligationsand
24 Environmentand Secretary(EIA) LodhiRoad,NewDelhi110003, planningrequirementsbyMoEF
Forest Email:jsicmoef@gmail.com
MrSusheelKumar, CII/51,ShahjahanRoad, Mail
AdditionalSecretary Ph.:24362285,24363918(F)
,23073953
Email:asmefsusheel@gmail.com
25 MinistryofRoad Mr.R.K.Pandey, RoomNo.249,OfficeofMinisterfor Facetoface Urbanroaddesignstandards
Transportand ChiefEngineer RoadTransport&Highways,Ph.: meeting,
Highway 23739085 Telephonic
(Planning)
26 MinistryofRural Mr.CharanjitSingh, NirmanBhawan,NBOBuilding, Facetoface DraftNationalLandPolicy,
Development,Land Director,LandReforms, GWing,MaulanaAzadMarg meeting, NationalLandRecordModernizationProgramme(NLRMP)
Department DepartmentofLand Telephonic
Resources NewDelhi110011
T+911123062456
Email:dadolr@nic.in
27 MinistryofSocial Dr.VikramSimaRao MinistryofSocialJusticeand Telephonic,Mail ThePersonswithDisabilitiesAct,1995,Guidelines
Justice& Director(DDIII& Empowerment, SpaceStandardsforBarrierFreeBuiltEnvironmentfor
Empowerment NationalAwards) Room.No.740,'A',Wing,Shastri DisabledandElderlyPersons
Bhawan,
Dr.RajendraPrasadRoad,
NewDelhi110001(India)
Ph:01123383464
Email:vickybotha@hotmail.com

Modeof
Contact
28 MinistryofShipping Dr.VishwapatiTrivedi, TransportBhawan,RoomNo.401, Mail,Letter ConsultationwithMinistryofShipping
Secretary SansadMarg,NewDelhi,110001
Phone:01123714938
Email:secyship@nic.in
29 MinistryofTourism Mr.S.K.Mohanta, Phone:911123013072 Facetoface Ecotourismguidelinesfortourismcities
DPAGradeB Email:mohanta@nic.in meeting,Mail
30 MinistryofWater& MrPankajJain,Secretary RoomNo.247,AWing, Facetoface TechnicalaspectsonWatersupplystandards,Water

Sanitation NirmanBhavan,NewDelhi meeting,Mail qualitystandards,Servicelevelbenchmarking,Sewerage
110001,Ph.:23061207, System,Effluentqualitystandardsetc.
Email:ppsdws@nic.in
31 MumbaiMetropolitan Ms.UmaAdusumilli, EBlock,MMRDABuilding,Opposite Mail,Telephonic RegionalplanofMMR
Regional ChiefPlanner. DriveninTheatre,BandraKurla
Development Complex,BandraEast,Mumbai,
Authority(MMRDA) Maharashtra400051
Ph:02226594060,02226591237
Email:umaplanner@gmail.com
32 NationalCapital Mr.J.N.Barman,Director, NationalCapitalRegionPlanning RevisedRegionalplan,GISbasedPlan
RegionPlanning PlanningWing Board,CoreIVB,FirstFloor,
Board IndiaHabitatCentre,
LodhiRoad,NewDelhi110003.
Ph.:24628179
Email:ncrpbjd1@nic.in
33 NationalDisaster Dr.AnitaBhatnagarJain, Email:'anita.bhatnagar@nic.in Mail,Telephonic SensitiveLandusePlanningdocument,
Management JS(Policy&Plan) NationalPlanforDisaster
Authority
Mr.RajeshKumarSingh Roomno.326,NDMABhawan,A1, Facetoface DisasterManagementguidelines
(Director) safdarjungenclavenewdelhi meeting,mail DistrictDisasterManagementPlan
110029,
Sensitivelanduseplanningdocument
singhkrajesh@hotmail.com
34 NationalInstituteof Dr.AnilK.Gupta, 5B,IIPACampus,I.P.Estate,M.G. FacetoFace NationalMissiononSustainableHabitat,NationalBuilding
DisasterManagement AssociateProfessor Road,NewDelhi110002 Meeting CodeOfIndia2005(coveringhazardcomponents),
Ph.:23724311Email: DisasterManagementGuidelines,Chennaimasterplan
anil.nidm@nic.in (sensitivetourbanflood)
35 NationalRemote Dr.K.VenugopalaRao, ISRO,Departmentof Facetoface Bhuvandatabaseandservices
SensingCentre GroupHeadUrban Space,Balanagar,Hyderabad meeting,Mail GISapplicationofBhuvaninMasterplanpreparation(
Modeof
Contact
Studies&Geo 500037,A.P. includingpilotprojectofNalgonda)
InformaticsGroup,NRSC Tel:+914023884556 ConsultationwithHyderabadMetropolitanDevelopment
Fax:+914023884259 Authority(HMDA)forunderstandingtheprocessof
Mr.ArulRaj,Bhuvan, HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentPlanformedinGIS
Venu_koppaka@nrsc.gov.in
NRSC, platform

NUISlanduselayersforthecorecityarea

Ms.Reedhi,Engg.SD,Geo
InformaticsGroup
NationalUrban Dr.DebjaniGhosh, IndianhabitatCentre,Core4B, Mail NUISmapping,
36 InformationSystem Mr.SandeepThakur, LodhiRoad,110003 Lateststatusandutilisationforplanning
Mr.JaganShah Tel:911124617517/43
dghosh@niua.org
Mr.Mohd.MonisKhan, Town&CountryPlanning Facetoface StatusofNUISon18.02.13
Town&CountryPlanner Organization meeting
GovernmentofIndia
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
Email:khanmonis@yahoo.com
37 PlanningCommission Mr.RakeshRanjan, YojanaBhawan,NewDelhi Facetoface Consideringtheeconomicaspectswhilepreparationof
Advisor,HUD 110001 meeting plans
Considerthefactorsofmigrationintourbanareas
Emphasisof'MixedLandUse'
OptimumUseofLand
planningofurbanareasmoreeconomicallyoptimum
38 RegistrarGeneralof Dr.D.K.Dey,Additional OfficeofTheRegistrarGeneraland Facetoface Censusdatabase,
India Director CensusCommissioner,2/A,Man meeting PCAdataforsocialeconomicdevelopment,
SinghRoad,NewDelhi110011,
Tel:+911123070629, CensusAtlas,
23381623,23381917,23384816, NationalCommissiononPopulation
Email:rgoffice.rgi@nic.in
39 SchoolofPlanning Ms.SanjukktaBhaduri Email: FacetoFace Mixedusesofland,AlternativetoMasterPlanapproach
andArchitecture HoDUrbanPlanning sanjukta.bhaduri@gmail.com, Meeting Twoslides
s.bhaduri@spa.ac.in
40 SchoolofPlanning Mr.Sewaram,HoD, DepartmentofTransportPlanning, FacetoFace TransportPlanning
andArchitecture TransportPlanning SchoolofPlanningand Meeting
Architecture,4BlockB,
IndraprasthaEstate,NewDelhi

Modeof
Contact
110002
41 SchoolofPlanning Mr.Mahaveer,HoD, 4BlockB,IndraprasthaEstate, FacetoFace RegionalPlanning
andArchitecture TransportPlanning NewDelhi110002 Meeting
42 SurveyofIndia Maj.Gen.RCPadhi, IndianInstituteofSurveyingand Telephone NUISmapping,
AdditionalSurveyor Mapping,SOI,Uppal,Hyderabad DistrictPlanningSeries
General,SOI 500039,
Tel:04027201181,04027202059
43 TownandCountry Mr.J.B.Kshirsagar Town&CountryPlanning FacetoFace Zoningregulations,
Planning ChiefPlanner,Townand Organization Meeting,Mail, Institutionalrequirement,
Organisation,Delhi CountryPlanning GovernmentofIndia Telephonic
MinistryofUrbanDevelopment Masterplanstudies
Organisation
EBlock,VikasBhawan, Variousstudiesandinteractionsduringtheproject
I.P.Estate,NewDelhi110002
Mr.R.Srinivas Ph23370837(O),9810636758(M)
TownandCountry 01204297227(R)
Planner,
Head,Metropolitan
&UnionTerritories Email:srinimetro@gmail.com
Division,
TownandCountry
PlanningOrganisation

Mr.SudeepRoy,
AssttTownandCountry
Planner
TownandCountry
PlanningOrganization
44 UrbanDevelopment& Mr.G.R.Aloria, Email:usud@gujarat.gov.in Mail Metropolitanplanformulation
UrbanHousing PrincipalSecretary EmpoweringtheULB
Department,
GovernmentOf
Gujarat
ConsultationduringRegionalWorkshopsandcommentsshared
45 Town&Country MrShantappa.B.Honnur, OfficeoftheDirectorofTown& Mail ViewsandinformationpertainingtoDepartmentofTown
Planning,Government Director CountryPlanning,M.S.Building, andCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKarnataka
ofKarnataka GateNo.3,Bangalore500001
Ph.:9845150829
Modeof
Contact
Email:shanthonnur@gmail.com
46 TownPlanning& MrK.S.Akode,Director TownPlanning&Valuation Mail Review,studyandrecommendationsforapplyingPlanning
Valuation Department,CentralOffice,Pune StandardsforvariousurbanareaintheStateof
Department, 411001 Maharashtra
Maharashtra
47 Town&Country MrS.Ragunathan TownandcountryPlanning Mail PuducherryByeLawAmendment2013,PuducherryCity
Planning ChiefTownPlannercum Department, DevelopmentPlan,PuducherryMasterPlan,Puducherry
Organization, Secretary,SLNA, Puducherry(SLNAforJNNURM) Masterplandocument,PuducherryTCPAct,1969,Yanam
Puducherry JNNURM MasterPlan
Puducherry
48 TownPlanning TCPO,3rdfloorofKhadyaBhawan, Mail CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Organisation, PanditNehruComplex,
Governmentof Gurkhabasti,Agartala,Tripura
Tripura
49 TownPlanning MrS.K.Pant,Senior TownPlanningDepartment,53, Mail CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Department, Planner TomarComplex,Dehradun,
Governmentof Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
50 IndianInstituteof Dr.JaydipBarman, DepartmentofArchitectureand Mail ObservationonreviewofUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Technology(IIT) ProfessorandHeadof RegionalPlanning,IndianInstitute
Kharagpur Department ofTechnology,Kharagpur721302
51 GovernmentofSikkim MsDevikaSharma UrbanDevelopment&Housing Mail CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Chettri,AdditionalChief Department,GoS,Gangtok,Ph:
TownPlanner 03592202900
52 Collegeof Prof.PratapRaval, CollegeofEngineering,Pune, Mail ViewsregardingrevisionofUDPFIandinclusioninnew
Engineering,Pune Professor Maharashtra guidelines.
Ph.:9422506124,Email:
pushpak20@yahoo.co.uk
53 TownPlanning Mr.PraveenJain,Chef TownPlanningDepartment,opp. Facetoface CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Department TownPlanner, BirlaTemple,JLNMarg,Jaipur04 meetinginthe SuggestionsonInfrastructurefund,planningnorms,Small
Rajasthan GovernmentofRajasthan Telephoneno.:01412563702, regional townlevelplanning
email:ctorj@nic.in workshop
Mr.PradeepKapoor, p.kapoor57@gmail.com Facetoface PlanningprovisionintheState

TownPlanning meetinginthe AffordableHousingPolicyandIntegratedTownshipPolicy
Department, regional ofRajasthan
GovernmentofRajasthan workshopand
mail

Modeof
Contact
54 UrbanDevelopment& Mr.DinekGurung, UrbanDevelopment&Housing Facetoface CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
HousingDepartment, Sr.ArchitectcumTown Department,Governmentof meetinginthe
Sikkim Planner Sikkim,Gangtok737101 regional
Ph:9933032718 workshopand
mail
gurungdinker@gmail.com
55 DirectorateofTown Mr.Mishra Facetoface CommentsontheUDPFIGuidelines,1996
Planning,Odisha ChiefTownPlanner,Directorateof meetinginthe OrissaDevelopmentAuthorityManual,
TownPlanning,"BlockIV,Unit5, regional
workshop OTP&ITAct,1956
Bhubaneswar751001(Tel:0674
2392294,Fax:06742395574)
Email:dtpodisha@gmail.com

1.8. Glossary
1.8.1. Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthevolumes)
Table1.4: Listofreferencemadeintheguidelines(assources,footnotes,referencesinthevolumes)
S.No. Particulars Sources
1 73rd&74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htmhttp://indiacode.nic.in/
coiweb/amend/amend74.htm
2 AGenderedPerspectiveoftheShelterTransportLivelihoodLink:TheCaseofPoorWomen Wilson,Anand,AnvitaandTiwari,Geetam;1987
inDelhi.TransportReviews,Volume26(1),p6380
3 AdvisoryNoteSeptageManagementinUrbanIndia,2013 MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
4 AffordableHousingPolicy,2009 GovernmentofRajasthan
5 AhmedabadCDP JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
6 AhmedabadDraftComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan2021(SecondRevised)Ahmedabad AhmedabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority(AUDA)
UrbanDevelopmentAuthorityPartIII:GeneralDevelopmentRegulationsDraft
7 AirportDevelopmentReferenceManual,9thedition InternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA)
8 AizawlMasterPlan AizawlDevelopmentAuthority
9 AlternativeModesofAssemblyAndDevelopmentofLandandHousingintheNCTofDelhi AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
10 AncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct,(AmendmentandValidation) ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia(ASI)
2011
11 ApproachtotheTwelfthFiveYearPlan PlanningCommission
12 ArizonaDepartmentofCommerce
13 BasicStatisticsforLocalLevelDevelopment(BSLLD) MinistryofStatistics&ProgrammeImplementation(MoS&PI)
14 BBMPModelofSWM www.bbmp.gov.in
15 BiharUrbanPlanningandDevelopmentAct2012 PatnaMunicipalCorporation
16 BioMedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1998 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
17 Canada,BritishColumbiaTable http://www.thinkcity.ca/node/289
18 CaseStudy:KankariaLake,Ahmedabad http://www.narendramodi.in/kankarialakedevelopmentprojectrestores
iconiclaketoitsgrandeur/
19 CaseStudiesinDesignExcellenceforMidSizedUrban/InnerSuburbanMedicalCenters AIAPotomacValley
20 CensusofIndia,2001 OfficeoftheRegistrarGeneralandCensusCommissioner,India,Ministryof
HomeAffairs
21 ChemicalTerrorismDisasterGuidelinesN NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)


22 CityDevelopmentPlan(CDP)Delhi DepartmentofUrbanDevelopment
23 ClimateProofingGuwahati,AssamCityresiliencestrategyandMainstreamingPlan,Synthesis TataEnergyResearchInstitute(TERI)
Report,2013
24 CoastalRegulationZone(CRZ)Notification,2011 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
25 CodeofPractice(PartI)CrossSection(UrbanRoad) MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
26 CommunityPlanningAssistanceProgram AmericanPlanningAssociation
27 CompendiumofSewageTreatmentTechnologies,2009 NationalRiverConservationDirectorate,MinistryofEnvironmentandForest
(MoEF)
28 ComprehensiveMobilityPlans:PreparationToolkit MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
29 Conditionsofengagementofprofessionalservicesandscaleofprofessionalfeesandcharges InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI)
30 ConsolidatedFDIPolicy,2011 DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
31 CreativeFinancingofUrbanInfrastructureinIndiathroughMarketbasedFinancingand ChetanandHiteshVaidya,MetropolitanCongress,Sydney,October2226,
PublicPrivatePartnershipOptions 2008.
32 DraftUTTIPECGuidelines,2012 http://www.uttipec.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=31&langid=1
33 Defining,Meaning&EvaluatingCarryingCapacityinEuropeanTourismDestinations UniversityofAegean,Greece
34 DelhiLandPoolingPolicy TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
35 DesigningGreenModulesforNewUrbanSpacesinWestBengalWorkshop DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(DFID)
36 DeterminingSustainableDevelopmentDensityusingtheUrbanCarryingCapacity UniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)(availableat:
AssessmentSystem,2004 https://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/casa/pdf/paper78.pdf)
37 DevelopmentofToolkitunderSustainableUrbanTransportProject,LandUseTransport MinistryofUrbanDevelopment,GovernmentofIndia
IntegrationandDensityofUrbanGrowth,2013
38 DevelopmentofTrainingMaterialunderSustainableUrbanTransportProject,Reference MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
GuideVolume2DemandAssessment
39 DisasterManagementofIndia MinistryofHomeAffairs(MoHA)
40 DebtMarketComponent IndoUSFinancialInstitutionsReformandExpansionProjectFIRE(D)
41 DelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridor http://www.dmicdc.com/
42 DraftDevelopmentPlan(DDP)DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopment DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA)
Authority(DSIRDA)
43 DraftGuidelinesforDevelopmentofSpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)s TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
44 DraftSpecialRegulationforInstallationofTelecomTowersinUrbanAreas GovernmentofOdisha
45 EleventhFiveYearPlan200712VolumeI PlanningCommission
46 EnergyConservationBuildingCode(ECBC) MinistryofPower(MoP)

47 EnvironmentProtectionAct,1986 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
48 EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)notification,2006 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
49 ExplosiveRule,2008 DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
50 FDIIndianRoadCongress(IRC)2013 DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
51 FloodManagementGuidelines NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
52 ForestConservationAct,1980 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
53 AGenderedPerspectiveoftheShelterTransportLivelihoodLink:TheCaseofPoorWomen Wilson,1987;Anand,AnvitaandTiwari,Geetam.2006.TransportReviews,
inDelhi Vol26(1),p6380
54 GoodGovernanceGuide MunicipalAssociationofVictoria(at:
http://www.goodgovernanceguide.org.au/)
55 GoodGovernance&TransparencyTheirImpactonDevelopment SaladinAlJurf;(Articleat
http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tlcp9&div=22
&id=&page)
56 GreaterBangaloreWaterandSewerageProject(GBWASP),India IndoUSFinancialInstitutionsReformandExpansionProjectDebtMarket
Component
FIRE(D)
57 GreaterHyderabadBiodiversityIndex,2012 GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation(GHMC)
58 GreenestCityActionPlan,CityofVancouver http://www.greencitytimes.com/SustainableCities/vancouvergreenestcity
2020.html
59 GuidanceNoteonMunicipalSolidWasteManagementonaRegionalBasis MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
60 GuidebookonPPPInfrastructure UNEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(ESCAP)
61 GuideonArtificialRechargetoGroundWater CentralGroundWaterBoard
62 GuidelineNoteMunicipalSolidWasteManagementonRegionalBasis MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
63 GuidelinesandSpaceStandardsforBarrierFreeBuiltEnvironmentforDisabledandElderly CentralPublicWorksDepartment(CPWD)
Persons
64 GuidelinesandToolkitsforUrbanTransportDevelopmentinMediumSizedCitiesinIndia MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD),AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
65 GuidelinesandToolkitsforUrbanTransportDevelopmentinMediumSizedCitiesinIndia MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
GuidelinesforNonMotorisedTransportMeasures:PolicyandOptions
66 GuidelinesandToolkitsforUrbanTransportDevelopmentModule1ComprehensiveMobility PADECOCo.,Ltd.,Tokyo,JAPAN
Plan
67 GuidelinesforDecentralisedWastewatermanagement MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
68 GuidelinesforDeclarationofEcoSensitiveZonesAroundNationalParks&Wildlife MinistryofEnvironment&Forest(MoEF)
Sanctuaries


69 GuidelinesforFDIinDevelopmentofIntegratedTownship,2002 PressNote,DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
70 GuidelinesforFinancialAssistancetoStateGovernment MinistryofTourism(MoT)
71 GuidelinesforHighRiseBuildings,2012 MoEFOfficeMemorandum
72 GuidelinesforPreparationofSlumFreeCityPlanofAction MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
73 GuidelinesforestablishmentofNationalInvestmentandManufacturingZones(NIMZ) DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
74 GujaratIntegratedTownshipPolicy,2008 GujaratUrbanDevelopmentCompanyLtd.(GUDC)
75 HandbookofServiceLevelBenchmarking MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
76 HighwayDesignManual DepartmentofTransportation,NewYorkState(USA)
77 HimachalPradeshIntegratedTownshipScheme(Draft) GovernmentofHimachalPradesh
78 HistoricUrbanLandscape(Recommendation),2011 UNESCOsGeneralConference
79 ImprovingUrbanWaterSupply&SanitationServicesAdvisoryNote MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
80 ImprovingLocalGovernanceandServiceDelivery:CitizenReportCardLearningToolKit, AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)&AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute(ADBI)
2007
81 IndiasFifthNationalReporttotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,2014 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
82 IndianPublicHealthStandards(IPHS),2012 MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare
83 IndianRoadCongress(IRC)1032012 IndianRoadCongress(IRC),MinistryofRoadTransport&Highways
(MORTH)
84 IndianRoadCongress(IRC)1061990 IndianRoadCongress(IRC),MinistryofRoadTransport&Highways
(MORTH)
85 IndicativeDwellingUnitSizes NayaRaipurMasterPlan
86 IndustrialChemicalDisasterManagementGuidelinesN NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
87 IntegratedDistrictPlanningManual PlanningCommission
88 IntegratedTownshipPolicy,Housing&UrbanPlanningDepartment GovernmentofUttarPradesh
89 InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI)Article Mr.A.K.Jain,Commissioner(Planning),DelhiDevelopmentAuthority
90 IndianStandards(IS)10500:2012 BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
91 JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)CDPToolkit MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
92 KeralaOrdinance,2013 GovernmentofKerala
93 LandAcquisitionAct,1894 MinistryofLaw&Justice(MoLJ)
94 LandPoolingNotificationDelhi TheGazetteofIndia
95 LandSuitabilityAnalysisforUrbanPlanningEnvironmentalassessmentinanEcologically NanjingUniversity,China(website)
SensitiveCoastalAreaofEasternChinaBaseduponMultiCriteriaMechanism

96 LandfillGasManagementFacilitiesDesignGuidelines MinistryofEnvironment,BritishColombia
97 MajorPortTrustAct,1963 MinistryofShipping(MoS)
98 ManualforIntegratedDistrictPlanning PlanningCommission
99 ManualforthePreparationofTownandRegionalPlanningMaps TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
100 ManualonArtificialRechargeofGroundWater CentralGroundWaterBoard(CGWB),MinistryofWaterResources
101 ManualonMunicipalSolidWasteManagement CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO)
102 ManualonPreparationofCitySanitationPlans(CSPs) MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
103 ManualonRainWaterharvestingandConservation CentralPublicWorksDepartment(CPWD)
104 ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatment(DraftThirdedition) CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO)
105 ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatment(secondedition) CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO)
106 MasterPlanforDelhi,2001and2021 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),MCD
107 MasterPlanofDelhi(MPD)2021 DelhiDevelopmentAuthority(DDA)
108 MedicalTourismMagazine http://www.medicaltourismassociation.com/en/medicaltourism
magazine.html
109 MethodologytoestimateandforecastdistrictandcityGDP McKinsey&CompanysnotetoMoUD,17thApril2014

110 Micro&SmallEnterprisesClusterDevelopmentProgramme MinistryofMicro,Small&MediumEnterprises(MoMSME)
111 ModelBuildingByelaws TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
112 MumbaiWaterwaySystem InlandWaterwaysAuthorityofIndia(IWAI)
113 MunicipalAccountingULBLevelReform http://JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission
(JnNURM).nic.in/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/Mandatory_Primer_2Mun
Acc.pdf
114 MunicipalFinanceImprovementProgramme,JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewal MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)

Mission(JnNURM)
115 MunicipalFinanceinIndia:AnAssessment DepartmentofEconomicAnalysisandPolicy,ReserveBankofIndia(RBI)
116 NationalAccountsStatistics:ManualOnEstimationOfStateAndDistrictIncome,2008 CentralStatisticsOffice(CSO)
117 NationalBuildingCodesofIndia2005 BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
118 NationalElectricityPolicy,2005 MinistryofPower(MoP)
119 NationalEnvironmentalPolicy2006 MinistryofEnvironment&Forest(MoEF)
120 NationalDisasterManagementGuidelinesChemicalDisasters(Industrial) NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
121 NationalDisasterManagementGuidelinesManagementofFloods NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
122 NationalDisasterManagementHandBookforTrainingandCapacityBuildingofCivilDefence NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)


andSisterOrganisations,2012
123 NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011 DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)
124 NationalMissiononSustainableHabitat MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
125 NationalMunicipalAccountingTrainingManual MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
126 NationalPolicyOnDisasterManagement,2009 MinistryofHomeAffairs(MoHA)
127 NationalPolicyonUrbanStreetVendors,2009 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
128 NationalPPPPolicy2011 http://www.pppinindia.com/
129 NationalUrbanHousingandHabitatPolicy,2007 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)

130 NationalUrbanSanitationPolicy MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
131 NationalUrbanTransportPolicy2006 http://urbanindia.nic.in/
132 NationalWildlifeActionPlan(NWAP)20022016 ForestDepartment,Andaman&Nicobar

133 NewsArticle:DCBtoDevelopWeeklyMarket,PuneCantonmentBoardPlansBuilding TimesofIndia
ComplexonSpaceatCanttCourt,CDPKhadliCantonment
134 Norms&StandardsforCapacityofAirportTerminals PlanningCommission
135 NormsandStandardsHillareas TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),GovernmentofHimachal
Pradesh(http://himachal.nic.in/tcp/chap6.htm)
136 NotificationforIntegratedTownship,2007 GovernmentofRajasthan
137 OdishaInfrastructureDevelopmentFund GovernmentofOdisha
138 OilMinesRegulations,1984 DirectorateGeneralofMinesSafety
139 OverseasDevelopmentInstitute,UK Wikipedia
140 PaperonUrbanisationbyK.C.SivaramakrishnanandB.N.Singh http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/vision2025/urban.p
df
141 ParticipationToolsforBetterCommunityPlanning LocalGovernmentCommission&TheCaliforniaEndowment(at:

http://lgc.org/wordpress/docs/freepub/community_design/guides/Participa
tion_Tools_for_Better_Community_Planning.pdf)
142 ParticipatoryUrbanPlanningAndServiceDeliveryToUrbanPoor ParticipatoryResearchinAsia(PRIA)
143 PeriUrbanArea http://periurban14.org/
144 PetroleumandNaturalGasRegulatoryBoard(PNGRB)Notification PetroleumandNaturalGasRegulatoryBoard(PNGRB)

145 PlanningandDevelopment,2025:ProfessionalandAcademicChallenges TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
146 PooledFinanceDevelopmentSchemeToolkit MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
147 PPPToolkitforImprovingPPPDecisionMakingProcess MinistryofFinance(MoF)

148 PractitionersGuide,2006 MultifunctionalIntensiveLandUse(MILUnet)
149 PreparationofDistrictDisasterManagementPlan(DDMP) NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
150 PreparationofStateDisasterManagementPlans NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
151 PerformaforEnvironmentalAppraisalofMiningProjects,MinistryofEnvironmentand MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
Forest(MoEF)
152 PressnoteonquarterlyestimatesofGrossDomesticProductforthethirdquarter(October CentralStatisticsOffice(CSO)
December)of201314
153 ProposedKarkadoomaTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD)Project http://uttipec.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/6080492270.pdf
154 PublicPrivatePartnership,2004 InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)
155 RajasthanTownshipPolicy,2010 GovernmentofRajasthan
156 RajivAwasYojana(RAY),Guidelinesfor MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
PreparationofSlumFreeCityPlanofAction
157 RapidTrainingProgramme,JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM) MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
158 RAYSchemeGuidelines20132022 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
159 ReadingMaterialonPlanningTechniques JHAnsariandShriMahavir,InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI),2002
160 RecommendationsoftheInterMinisterialCommitteeforAcceleratingManufacturingin MinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MoMSME)
Micro,Small&MediumEnterprisesSector,2013
161 RecommendatoryUrbanBusSpecifications MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
162 RegionalPlanforGoa,2021 StateLevelCommittee
163 ReportoftheEvaluationStudyonHillareaDevelopmentprogrammeinAssamandWest PlanningCommission
Bengal,June2010
164 ReportofPrimeMinistersTaskForceonMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises,2010 PrimeMinisterOffice(PMO)
165 ReportofthesubcommitteeforDevelopmentofNationalMissiononSustainableHabitat MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
parametersforenergyefficiencyinResidentialandCommercialBuildings
166 ReportofTaskGrouponProblemsinHillyhabitations,2008 PlanningCommission
167 ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning,12thFiveyearplan,Steering MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
committeeonUrbanDevelopment&Management
168 ReportoftheWorkingGrouponFinancingUrbanInfrastructure 12thFYPSteeringcommitteeonUrbanDevelopment&Management,Ministry
ofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation
169 ReportontheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning 12thFiveyearplan,SteeringCommitteeonUrbanDevelopment&
Management,2011
170 RulesfortheAcquisition,CustodyRelinquishmentetc.ofMilitaryLandsinIndia(ACRRules), DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates(DGDE)


1944
171 KirpichEquationMethod,RunoffCoefficient, KSubramanya,EngineeringHydrology;McGrowHillEducationLtd.2013,
page298
172 Saransh:ACompodeumofMissionModeProjectsunderNeGP NationaleGovernancePlan
173 SatelliteData,2013 NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
174 SecondAdministrativeReformsCommission GovernmentofIndia
175 Selectcasestudies"RainWaterHarvestingandArtificialRecharge" MinistryofWaterResources(MoWR)
176 SkyCity,China Casestudyavailableat:
http://en.broad.com/uploads/pdf/tkcswsm201307.pdf
177 SmartCitiesReadinessGuide SmartCitiesCouncil
178 SolidWasteManagementGPS&GISenabled:BestPracticesineGovernance;JnNURM MinistryofurbanDevelopment(MoUD);http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/wp
content/uploads/2011/01/BP_SWM.pdf
179 SpaceBasedInformationSupportforDecentralisedPlanningManualII NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
180 SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Act,2005/SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Rule2006 MinistryofCommerce(MoC)
181 SpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)Guidelines IndustriesCommissionerate,GovernmentofGujarat
182 SpecialRequirementforLowIncomeHousinginUrbanAreas NationalBuildingCode(NBC)
183 SportsCityinNayaRaipur NayaRaipurDevelopmentAuthority
184 StrategicPlanforNewandRenewableEnergySectorforthePeriod201117 MinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy(MNRE)
185 StrategyPaperonMasterPlanFormulation,InclusivePlanning,PrioritizationforHousing TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
andPedestrianMovement
186 SuitabilityAnalysisofUrbanGreenSpaceSystemBasedonGIS ITC,TheNetherlands
188 SustainableUrbanization:GuidelinestoManageUrbanGrowthVol2:Tools&Guidelines McIntoshXaba&Associates
189 TamilNaduMunicipalLawsOrdinance,2003 GovernmentofTamilNadu
190 TheCantonmentLandAdministrationRules,1937 DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates(DGDE),MinistryofDefence
191 TheCantonmentsAct,2006 DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates(DGDE),MinistryofDefence
192 TheDeolaliCantonmentBoard(DCB) TheTimesofIndia
193 TheEconomistMagazine(Vancouver:MostLiveablePlace) IndiaTv
194 TheGujaratTownPlanningandUrbanDevelopmentAct,1976 MinistryofUrbanAffairsandEmployment(MoUA&E)
195 TheHighPoweredExpertCommitteeforEstimatingtheInvestmentRequirementsforUrban MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
InfrastructureServicesof(HPEC),2011
196 TheIndustries(DevelopmentandRegulation)Act,1951 DepartmentOfIndustrialPolicy&Promotion(DIPP)

197 TheInlandWaterwaysAuthorityofIndiaAct,1985 InlandWaterwaysAuthorityofIndia(IWAI)
198 TheKarnatakaTownandCountryPlanningAct,1961 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
199 TheKeralaMunicipalityBuildingRules,1999 GovernmentofKerala
200 TheMaharashtraRegionalandTownPlanningAct,1996Volume2B MinistryofUrbanAffairsandEmployment(MoUA&E)
201 TheMunicipalWardastheBasicUrbanPlannedDevelopmentArea AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
202 ThePetroleumandNaturalGasRules,1959 MinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGas(MoPNG)
203 TheRighttoFairCompensationandTransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitationand MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
ResettlementAct(RFCTLARR),2013
204 TheStreetVendors(ProtectionoflivelihoodandRegulationofStreetVending)Act,2014 MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
205 TheSustainableCarryingCapacityofNewZealand TheRoyalSocietyofNewZealand
206 ThirteenthFinanceCommission,201015,VolumeI
207 ToolkitforSolidWasteManagementJawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
208 TownPlanningandValuationDepartment GovernmentofGujarat
209 TrackingCentralFinanceCommissionsandStateFinanceCommissionsGrantstoSelected NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)
StatesandUrbanLocalBodiesinIndia
210 TrafficandTransportationPoliciesandStrategiesinUrbanAreasinIndia,1998 MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
211 TransitOrientedDevelopment(Policy,Norms,Guidelines) UnifiedTrafficandTransportationInfrastructure
(Planning&Engineering)Centre(UTTIPEC)
212 TransparencyandGoodGovernanceattheMunicipalLevel TransparencyInternationalCanada,2005
213 TwelfthFiveYearPlan201217VolumeI PlanningCommission
214 UnionTerritoryAdministrationsforOrganizingFairandFestivalsandTourismrelated MinistryofTourism(MoT)
Events
215 UrbanCarryingCapacity:Conceptandcalculation,201112 IITGuwahati
216 Urbandevelopmentplansformulationandimplementationguidelines MinistryofUrbanAffairsandEmployment(MoUA&E)
217 UrbanInfrastructureinIndia FederationofIndianChambersofCommerceandIndustry(FICCI)
218 UrbanLandPoliciesFortheUninitiated UnitedNationEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(UN
ESCAP)
219 UrbanPlanningandSmartCities InterrelationsandReciprocities,LeonidasG.Anthopoulos;SpringerVerlag
BerlinHeidelberg,2011
220 UrbanRoadCodeofpractice MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
221 UrbanSectorFeedbackforMetropolitanPlanningCommittees IndianInstituteofPublicAdministration(IIPA)


222 UrbanStreetDesignGuidelines UTTIPEC
223 ViabilityofInlandWaterTransportinIndia RangarajNandRaghuramG,
http://www.ieor.iitb.ac.in/files/faculty/narayan/transport/iwttecrepoct
05.pdf
224 VolumeVD1:DPRforMultilevelParkingFacilityatGhaziabad(MainReport) NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard(NCRPB)andAsianDevelopment
Bank(ADB),2010
225 WeightedOverlayofLandSuitability http://www.urban.uiuc.edu/courses/up503/Lectures/3_UP503SuitabilityAn
alysis11.pdf.

226 WildLifeProtectionAct,1972 MinistryofEnvironmentandForests

227 WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopments(TheBrundtlandCommission) ReportOurCommonFuture(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1987)
228 WorkinggrouponAgricultureMarketingInfrastructure,12thFiveYearPlan PlanningCommission
229 WorkinggrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning PlanningCommission
230 WorkingpaperonTransitOrientedDevelopment EMBARQ,India
1.8.2. References (read, understood and/or analysed for the preparation of the Revised
Guidelines)
Table1.5: ReferencesfortheGuidelines(read,understoodand/oranalysedforthepreparationoftheguideline)
S.No. References Sources
TownandCountryPlanningActs(ReferredinChapter5ofVol.IIA)
1 DraftTownandCountryPlannersAct,2012 TCPO
2 TheDelhiDevelopmentAct,1957 GovernmentofDelhi
3 TheHimachalPradeshTownandCountryPlanningAct,1977 GovernmentofHimachalPradesh
4 TheHimachalPradeshTownandCountryPlanningRules,1978 GovernmentofHimachalPradesh
5 TheJammu&KashmirDevelopmentAct,1970 GovernmentofJammu&Kashmir
6 TheMaharashtraTownandCountryPlanningAct,1966 GovernmentofMaharashtra
7 DelhiDevelopment(MasterPlanandZonalDevelopmentPlan)Rules,1989 GazetteNotification,MinistryofHealth
8 TheMizoramGazetteExtraordinaryPublishedbyAuthority GovernmentofMizoram
9 TheMizoramUrbanandRegionalDevelopment(SecondAmendment)Act,2004 GovernmentofMizoram
10 TheOrissaDevelopmentAuthoritiesAct,1982 Housing&UrbanDevelopmentDepartment,GovernmentofOrissa
11 OdishaTP&ITAct,1956 DirectorateofTownplanning,Bhubaneswar,Odisha
12 ThePunjabRegionalandTownPlanningDevelopmentAct,1995 GovernmentofPunjab
13 TheAssamTownandCountryPlanningAct,1959 GovernmentofAssam
14 TheTamilNaduTownandCountryPlanningAct,1971 GovernmentofTamilNadu
15 UttarPradesh(U.P.)UrbanPlanningandDevelopmentAct,1973 GovernmentofUttarPradesh
PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)(ReferredforSection3.3.3)
16 CapacityDevelopmentofNCRPBPackage1(ComponentsA&C)PPPToolkitAsian InstituteofPublicEnterprise(IPE)&TamilNaduUrbanInfrastructureFinancial
DevelopmentBank ServicesLtd(TNUFSIL)
17 PPPProjectsinIndiaCompendiumofcasestudies MinistryofFinance(MoF)
18 PPPWebpageofMinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD) MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
19 AGuidebookonPPPinInfrastructure UnitedNationEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(UNESCAP)
20 ToolkitofAnalysisofUrbanInfrastructureProjectsforPPPunderJnNURM JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JawaharlalNehruNational
UrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM))
21 ToolkitforPPPinUrbanBusTransportfortheStateofMaharashtra AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
22 NationalPPPPolicyDraftforConsultation MinistryofEconomicAffairs(MoEA)


23 UnderstandingPPP UnitedNations
24 PublicPrivatePartnershipProjectsinIndia,Dec2010 PPPCell,DepartmentofEconomicAffairs,MinistryofFinance
25 NationalPublicPrivatePartnershipPolicy,2011 MinistryofFinance
PlanningCommissionReports(ReferredforSection3.3)
26 TwelfthFiveYearPlan(20122017)EconomicSectorsVolumeII PlanningCommission
DatafromMinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(Referredforsection2.2.5and5.6.2)
27 AffordableHousinginPartnershipSchemeGuidelines,2013 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
28 InputsforIncorporatingURDPFIGuidelines MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
29 DraftModelStateAffordableHousingPolicyforUrbanAreas,2013 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
30 ModificationtoMasterPlanstoEnsureInclusiveDevelopment
31 NationalUrbanHousingandHabitatPolicy,2007 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
Land&Landrecordsrelateddocuments(understood&majorlyreferredinSection3.2)
32 NationalLandUtilisationPolicyframeworkforlanduseandplanning&ManagementJuly2013 MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
33 NationalLandUtilisationPolicyFrameworkforlanduseplanningandmanagementSep2013 MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
34 GuidelinesforTransferofDevelopmentRights(TDR)underthedevelopmentregulationsfor
Chennaimetropolitanarea ChennaiMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(CMDA)
35 TransferofDevelopmentRights(TDR)Karnataka 218.248.45.169/download/engineering/TDRwebsite%2001.pdf
36 TransferofDevelopmentRights(TDR)Rajasthan DepartmentofUrbanDevelopment
37 UrbanLandPolicyandManagementRecordsA.K.Jain InstituteofTownPlanners,India(ITPI)Journal
38 LandPolicyforDevelopmentInTheNationalCapitalTerritoryofDelhi:2021 AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
39 ConsideringVariousAlternativeTechniquesofAccesstoLand,March2003 AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
40 HumanSettlementsUrbanLandPoliciesfortheUninitiated www.unescap.org/HUSET/land_policies/index.htm
Transport(ReferredinSection7.3.5and8.2)
41 Modellingpassengermodechoicebehaviourusingcomputeraidedstatedpreferencedata OmerKhan,SchoolofUrbanDevelopment,QueenslandUniversityof
Technology(QUT),2007
42 UserEquilibriumandSystemOptimumTrafficAssignments,IstanbulRoadNetworkExample BanihanGnay,JournalofEngineeringSciences,1996
43 WhyDoPeopleUseTheirCars:ACaseStudyinMalaysia AbdallaNurdeenKamba,RizaAtiqO.K.Rahmat,AmiruddinIsmail,Journalof
SocialScience,2007
44 AnalysingofPublicTransportTripgenerationindevelopingcountries,acasestudyin S.PriyantoandE.PFriandi,WorldAcademyofScience,Engineeringand
Yogyakarta,Indonesia Technology,2010
45 Amodelfortripsgeneratedbyhouseholds H.J.WoottonandG.W.Pick,JournalofTransportEconomicsandPolicy,

1967
46 FinancingSustainableUrbanTransportInternationalreviewofNationalUrbanTransport FederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(Germany),
PoliciesandProgramme. EMBARK,GIZ,2012
47 StudyonTrafficandtransportationpoliciesandstrategiesinurbanareasinIndia MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD),2008
48 Surveymethodsfortransportplanning AnthonyJ.Richardson,ElizabethS.Ampt,ArnimH.Meyburg,1995,
EucalyptusPress
49 TransitOrientedDevelopmentPolicyGuidelines LandUsePlanningandPolicy,CityofCalgary,2004
50 UrbanRoadCodesCodeofPracticeCrossSection InstituteofUrbanTransport(IUT),2012
51 TrafficandTransportationPoliciesandStrategiesinUrbanAreasinIndia MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
52 MetroRailPolicy,2008 MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
53 MetroRailwaysGeneralRule,2013andOpeningofMetroRailwaysforPublicCarriageof MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
PassengersRules,2013
54 Predictionanalysisoftripproductionusingcrossclassificationtechnique Dr.AbdulKhalikAlTaei,AmalM.Taher,CivilEngineeringDept./Collegeof
Eng.UniversityofDohukUniversityofDohuk,2005
55 FourlaningofHighwaysthroughPublicPrivatePartnership PlanningCommission
56 TODStandardVersion2.0 InstituteforTransport&DevelopmentPolicy(ITDP)
57 DetailedProjectReportforFinancialAssistanceunderMinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD) MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
SchemeforPurchaseofBuses
58 TODStandardVersion2.0,November2013 InstituteofTransportationandDevelopmentPolicy,NewYork
AnalysisTechniques(analysedandreferredforSection7.4)
59 GISbasedmulticriteriadecisionanalysisoflandsuitabilityforhillsidedevelopment ImtiazAhmedChandioandAbdNasirBinMatori,InternationalJournalof
EnvironmentalScienceandDevelopment(IJESD),Vol.2,No.6,December
2011
60 Landsustainabilityanalysisusingmultiattributedecisionmakingapproach SudabeJafariandNargesZaredar,InternationalJournalofEnvironmental
ScienceandDevelopment(IJESD),Vol.1,No.5,December2010
61 MarketingresearchApracticalapproach BonitaKolb,SAGEPublications,2008
62 Preliminaryunderstandingofmarketingresearch RanaSerdaroglu,NearEastUniversity
63 UrbanandregionalplanningAsystemsapproach J.BrianMcLoughlin,FaberandFaberLtd.,1969
64 Planningforfutureurbandevelopment:Landsuitabilityanalysis http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/9792/10
/10_chapter_5.pdf
65 ProvidingenvironmentalurbanservicestothepoorinAndhraPradesh:Developingstrategic LesleyDove,SAGEPublications,2004
decisionmaking
66 Suitabilityanalysis UniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaign


67 LandsuitabilityanalysisfortheupperGilaRiverWatershed FrederickSteiner,LaurelMcSherry,JillCohen;SchoolofPlanningand
LandscapeArchitecture,ArizonaStateUniversity,LandscapeandUrban
Planning,2000
68 Carryingcapacitybasedregionalplanning NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA),InstituteforHousingand
UrbanDevelopmentStudiesRotterdam,1997
69 TheecologicalfootprintanalysisforassessingcarryingcapacityofindustrialzoneinSemarang SudantiBudihardjo,SudhartoP.Hadi,SutiknoSutikno,
PurwantoPurwanto,JournalofHumanResourceandSustainability
Studies,2013,1,1420
70 ThecarryingcapacityassessmentframeworkforubiquitousecologicalcitiesInKorea SangheonLee,KyushikOh,SeunghyunJung;DepartmentofUrban
Planning,HanyangUniversity.
71 Ecologicallysoundurbandevelopment GuidelinesforHumanSettlementPlanningandDesign,
http://www.csir.co.za/Built_environment/RedBook/Vol_I/Chapter_05/C
hapter_05_08/Chapter_05_08_02_Vol_I.pdf
72 Carryingcapacity:AnapproachtolocalspatialplanninginIndonesia HenningSchroll,JanAndersen,BenteKjrgrd,TheJournalof
TransdisciplinaryEnvironmentalStudies,Vol.11,no.1,2012
73 Determiningsustainabledevelopmentdensityusingtheurbancarryingcapacityassessment KyushikOh,YeunwooJeong,DongkunLee,WangkeyLee;Centrefor
system AdvancedSpatialAnalysis,UniversityCollegeLondon,2004
74 Defining,measuringandevaluatingcarryingcapacityinEuropeantourismdestinations EnvironmentalPlanningLaboratoryoftheUniversityoftheAegean,
Greece,2001
ActsandPolicies(referredoverallintheGuidelines)
75 BiharUrbanLocalBody(CommunityParticipation)Rules,2013 GovernmentofBihar
76 TheBiharMunicipal(Amendment)Act,2011 http://egazette.bih.nic.in
78 ModelMunicipalLawofIndia,2003 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
79 BiharUrbanPlanningAndDevelopmentAct,2012 GovernmentofBihar
80 DraftNationalLandReformsPolicy,2013 DepartmentofLandResources,MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
81 GuidelinesforAffordableHousinginPartnership,2009 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
82 TheNationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoardAct,1985 MinistryofLawandJustice(MoL&J)
83 TheDraftNationalLandAcquisitionandRehabilitationandResettlementBill,2011 MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
84 TownPlanningEffortsinGujarat TownPlanning&ValuationDepartment,Gujarat
85 ModelUrbanandRegionalPlanningandDevelopmentLaw(revised) MinistryofUrbanAffairsandEmployment(MoUA&E)
86 PolicyonAirportInfrastructure,2011 MinistryofCivilAviation(MoCA)
87 ModelRegionalandTownPlanningandDevelopmentLaw,1985 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
88 EnhancingPublicParticipationthroughEffectiveFunctioningofAreaSabhas,2010 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)

IndustrialPlanning/Schemes(majorlyreferredinChapter5ofVolI&Chapter6ofVol.IIA)
89 GuidelinesOfTheMegaLeatherClusterScheme www.leatherindia.org/
90 GuidelinesoftheComprehensiveHandloomClusterDevelopmentScheme(CHCDS)Mega www.handlooms.nic.in
HandloomCluster
91 IndustrialParkScheme20022006 DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion(DIPP)
92 Notification:LeatherClusterScheme,20March2012 DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion(DIPP)
93 PolicyResolutionforPromotionofPetroleum,ChemicalsandPetrochemicalInvestmentRegions www.chemicals.nic.in/PCPIRPolicy.pdf
(PCPIRs)
94 IndustrialPolicy DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion(DIPP)
95 NorthEastIndustrialandInvestmentPromotionPolicy(NEIIPP),2007 DepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion(DIPP)
Industrial(ReferredinSection5.5.3)
96 SustainableCulturalTourisminHistoricTownsandCities CouncilofEurope
97 MasterPlan2031Noida GovernmentofUttarPradesh
98 DraftDevelopmentPlanofGujaratPetroleum,Chemical&PetrochemicalSpecialInvestment MottMacDonald
RegionalDevelopmentAuthority(GPCPSIRDA)Vol:1,2
GoodGovernance(ReferredforSection3.4)
99 eGovernance:TheSingapore InstituteofPolicyStudiesandInfocommDevelopmentAuthority,
Singapore
100 DigitalStrategy CityofVancouver
101 TheGoodGovernanceStandardforPublicServices IndependentCommissiononGoodGovernanaceinpublicservices
London
102 eGovernanceinSingaporeASwotandPestAnalysis HuongHaandKenCoghill,MonashUniversity,Australia
SocialInfrastructure(ReferredinSection8.4)
DifferentlyAbled
103 ThePersonswithDisabilities(EqualOpportunities,ProtectionofRightsandFullParticipation) MinistryofLawandJustice(MoL&J)
Act,1995
Education
104 DraftGuidelinesforWholeSchoolDevelopmentPlanningUnderSarvaShikshaAbhiyan(SSA), http://ssa.nic.in/infrastructureprovisiondoc/20threviewmeetingof
March2010 stateprojectengineerscivilworks/Annexure2%20B.pdf
105 Aschemeofuniversalisationofaccesstoandimprovementofqualityatthesecondaryandhigher RashtriyaMadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan(RMSA),

secondarystage. http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/India/India_Scheme_secondary_
education.pdf


Healthcare
106 GuidelinesforDistrictHospitals(101to500bedded) IndianPublicHealthStandards(IPHS)
107 GuidelinesforPrimaryHealthCentres IndianPublicHealthStandards(IPHS)
108 GuidelinesforSubdistrict/Subdivisionalhospitals(31to100bedded) IndianPublicHealthStandards(IPHS)
CommercialActivity(ReferredinSection8.5)
Mandis
109 WorkingGrouponAgricultureMarketingInfrastructureandPolicyRequiredForInternaland PlanningCommission
ExternalTrade,XIFiveYearPlan20072012
110 NationalLivestockPolicy,2013 MinistryofAgriculture(MoA)
Environment(ReferredinChapter6ofVol.IandChapter7ofVol.IIA)
111 PoliciesandlegislationsrelatedtowaterqualitymanagementinIndia CentralPollutionControlBoard,MinistryofEnvironmentandForest
(MoEF)
112 EnvironmentallegislationinIndia CentralPollutionControlBoard,MinistryofEnvironmentandForest
(MoEF)
113 ManualonnormsandstandardsforEnvironmentClearanceoflargeconstructionprojects MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
114 ClimateproofingGuwahati,AssamCityresilienceandmainstreamingplan TERI,ACCCRNandTheRockefellerFoundation,2013
115 Toolsformainstreamingdisasterriskreduction CharlotteBensonandJohnTwiggwithTizianaRossetto,
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/1066_toolsformainstreamingDRR.p
df
116 BiologicalDisastersManagementGuidelines,2008 NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)

117 CyclonesManagementGuidelinesM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
118 GuidelinesonEarthquakesManagementM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
119 HandBookforTrainingandCapacityBuildingofCivilDefenceandSisterOrganisationsII NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
120 HandBookforTrainingandCapacityBuildingofCivilDefenceandSisterOrganisationsI NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
121 IncidentResponseSystemGuidelines,2010 NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
122 LandslidesSnowAvalanchesGuidelinesM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
123 ManagementofNuclear&RadiologicalEmergenciesN NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
124 ManagementUrbanFloodingGuidelinesM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
125 PsychoSocialSupportGuidelinesN NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
126 GuidelineforScalingandTrainingofFireServicesM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
127 GuidelinesManagementofTsunamisM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)

128 DroughtguidelinesM NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
129 EnergyefficiencyinResidentialandCommercialBuildings www.urbanindia.nic.in
130 MunicipalSolidWaste(Management&Handling)Rules,2000 www.urbanindia.nic.in
131 ParametersfortheNationalMissiononSustainableHabitat(NMSH)ReportoftheSub www.urbanindia.nic.in

CommitteeonUrbanTransport
132 ReportoftheSubCommitteeOnDevelopmentofSustainableHabitatParametersintheFieldof www.urbanindia.nic.in
UrbanPlanning
133 ReportofSubcommitteeforDevelopmentofNationalSustainableHabitatParametersonUrban www.urbanindia.nic.in
StormwaterManagement
134 ReportoftheCommitteesetuptoframeNationalSustainableHabitatStandardsfortheUrban www.urbanindia.nic.in
WaterSupplyandSeweragesector
135 EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentNotification,2006 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
136 BufferZonesandtheirManagement ArthurEbregt,PolDeGreve,InternationalAgriculturalCentre,JB&A
GrafischeCommunicatie,2000
137 ConservationofHeritageSitesIncludingHeritageBuildings,HeritagePrecinctsAndNatural TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),MinistryofUrban
FeatureAreasModelBuildingByelaws Development(MoUD)
138 DevelopmentCodePertainingToResidentialandNonResidentialPremisesModelBuildingBye TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO),MinistryofUrban
laws Development(MoUD)
139 GuidelinesforEcotourisminandAroundProtectedAreas,2011 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
140 GuidelinesforLinearInfrastructureIntrusionsinNaturalAreas:RoadsandPowerlines NationalBoardforWildlife,MinistryofEnvironmentandForests
141 SiteConsiderationsofNuclearPowerPlantsforOffSiteEmergencyPreparedness,2005 AtomicEnergyRegulatoryBoard(AERB)
142 DraftRegulationFrameworkforWetlandsConservationforComments,2010 MinistryofEnvironment&Forest
DecentralisedInfrastructure(ReferredinSection8.3)
143 ImprovingWaterandSanitationServiceDeliveryinIndiaLessonsfromaNationalWorkshop WaterandSanitationProgram(WSP)
onServiceLevelBenchmarking,2009
144 DraftComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan2031PuriKonarkDevelopmentAuthority(PKDA) TheCentreforExcellenceinPostalTechnology(CEPT)
Area,2013
145 UrbanWaterManagementthroughDecentralisedWastewaterTreatment ConsortiumforDEWATSDisseminationSociety
DataonFinancial(Referredinsection3.3)
146 TwelfthFiveYearPlan(20122017)VolumeII PlanningCommission
147 HandBookonMunicipalFinancialAccountability,2008 CentreforGoodGovernance(CGG)
148 MunicipalFinanceImprovementProgramme,2007 JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)


149 LandasaMunicipalFinancingOption:APilotStudyfromIndia KalaSeetharamSridharandA.VenugopalaReddy,PublicAffairsCentre,
2009
150 MunicipalRevenue ModelMunicipalLawMinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
151 NationalMunicipalAccountsManual,2004 MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
152 FinancingMunicipalServicesReachingouttoCapitalMarkets OmPrakashMathur,SanjuktaRay,NationalInstituteofPublicFinance
Policy(NIPFP),2003
153 UrbanisationbeyondMunicipalBoundariesNurturingMetropolitanEconomiesandConnecting TheWorldBank,2013
PeriUrbanAreasinIndia
154 ReportoftheCommitteeonPricingandTaxationofPetroleumProducts,2006 EconomicAdvisoryCounciltothePrimeMinister(PMEAC)
155 AccountingandClassificationofGrantsinaidIndianGovernmentAccountingStandard(IGAS)2, GovernmentAccountingStandardsAdvisoryBoard(GASAB)
2007
156 Implementationofthe74thConstitutionalAmendmentandIntegrationofCityPlanningand JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
DeliveryFunctionsStateLevelReform
157 AnalysingtheFinancesofUrbanLocalBodiesInIndia:ACrossSectionalStudy InstituteofPublicEnterprise
158 CommitteeonPricingandTaxationofPetroleumProducts www.petroleum.nic.in
159 NationalMunicipalAccountingTrainingManualForElectedRepresentativesandTop MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)

Management
160 RevenueSourcesforLocalGovernment:BritishColumbia,Canada http://www.thinkcity.ca/node/289
161 FinancingtheUrbanExpansioninTanzania TheWorldBank

InternationalDocuments
Netherland
162 ParticipationNetherland MinistryofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment,Netherland
163 TheNetherlandsSpatialPlanningDoctrineinDisarrayinthe21stCentury PetraHRoodbolMekkes,ArnoldJJvanderValk,WillemKKorthalsAltes,
EnvironmentandPlanningA2012,volume44,pages377395
164 GuidanceforHarvestingParticipationResults CentreforPublicParticipation
165 GuidanceforStakeholdersAnalysis CentreforPublicParticipation
166 RANDSTAD2040SummaryofStructuralVision,2008 MinistryofHousing,SpatialPlanningandtheEnvironment
167 SummaryNationalPolicyStrategyforInfrastructureandSpatialPlanning MinistryofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment,Netherland
UK
168 PlanningPolicyStatement12:CreatingStrongSafeandProsperousCommunitiesthroughLocal TheStationaryOffice(TSO),2008
SpatialPlanning
169 PlanningPolicyStatement3:Housing TheStationaryOffice(TSO),2011

Others
170 CompactCityandDensificationStrategiesTheCaseofGothenburg ValentinaCereda,BlekingeTekniskaHgskola,2009
171 MainstreamingDisasterRiskReductioninSubnationalDevelopmentLandUse/Physical NationalEconomicandDevelopmentAuthority,UnitedNations
PlanninginPhilippines DevelopmentProgrammeandEuropeanCommissionHumanitarianAid
172 PlanningintheUSA,Policies,IssuesandProcesses BarryCullingworth,RogerW.Caves,TaylorandFrancisGroup,1997
173 Planning,Connecting,andFinancingCitiesNow,2013 TheWorldBank
174 AStrategicPolicyGuideforDisasterRiskManagementinEastAsiaandthePacific,2013 TheWorldBank
175 IntegratingDisasterRiskReductionintotheCCAandUNDAF. UnitedNationDevelopmentGroup
176 UrbanLandUsePlanningSysteminJapan,2003 CityPlanningDivision,MinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransport,
Japan
UrbanGovernance(ReferredinSection3.4)
177 SuccessfulGovernanceInitiativesandBestPracticesExperiencefromIndianStates,2002 PlanningCommissionandUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
(UNDP)
178 CaseStudiesofselectedMetropolitanAreas,2013 B.N.Singh,KusumLata
179 LandbasedResourceMobilisationforUrbanDevelopmentSomeOptionsforandExperiencesof RamakrishnaNallathiga,
ULBsinIndia http://www.cgg.gov.in/workingpapers/LandbasedResourceMobilisationf
orUrbanDevelopmentrevised.pdf
180 ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanGovernanceforTwelfthFiveYearPlan PlanningCommission

181 ProposedAmendmentinTownandCountryPlanningLegislations,RegulationsforLandUse NationalDisasterManagementAuthority(NDMA)
Zoning,AdditionalProvisionsinDevelopmentControlRegulationsforSafetyandAdditional
ProvisioninBuildingRegulations/ByelawsforStructuralSafetyinNaturalHazardZonesof
India
182 FinancingUrbanInfrastructure:SomeInnovativePracticesofLocalResourceMobilisation,2006 CentreforGoodGovernance(CGG)WorkingPaper
183 CateringToAMetropolitanAreaVision2021 AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
184 NationalSeminaronUrbanGovernanceintheContextofJawaharlalNehruNationalUrban AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA)
RenewalMission
185 CitizensRightToGrievanceRedressBill,2011 www.prsindia.org
GIS&Mapping(ReferredinSection7.7)
186 GatewaytoIndianEarthObservationDataproducts&services NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
187 ManualforThematicMappingUsingHighResolutionSatelliteDataandGeospatialTechniques. NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
188 GuidelinesforGISMapping,MISdevelopmentandIntegrationofGISwithMISRajivAwas MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
Yojana
189 ActivityCentreZoneMappingStyleGuideGuidelinesforproducingframeworkplansand TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)


PrecinctMapsfortheActivityCentreZone
190 PreparationofLandCoverDatabasethroughRemoteSensingandGISPilotStudyinBulgaria FoodandAgricultureOrganisation(FAO)
191 NationalUrbanInformationSystem(NUIS)Design&Standards TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
192 FundamentalsofGISEmphasizingGISUseforNaturalResourceManagement DavidP.Lusch,DepartmentofGeography,MichiganStateUniversity,
1999
193 GISforSustainableDevelopment CRCPress,TaylorandFrancisGroup,2006
194 LandSuitabilityAnalysisUserGuide,2006 NCCentreForGeographicInformationandAnalysis,2005
195 ApplicationofSatelliteImageryandGISinthePreparationofDevelopmentPlans:ACaseStudy ShirleyBallaneyandBinduNair,MapAsia,2003
forTirupatiRegion,2002
196 TechnicalPaperon:"RemoteSensinganditsapplication" http://www.academia.edu/4446783/vishwesh_2
197 RemoteSensingandGISApplicationArea NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)

198 OneStepVersatileWebBasedEarthObservationDataProductsandServices NationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)
PhysicalInfrastructure(ReferredinSection8.3)
199 ManualonOperationandMaintenanceofWaterSupplySystems CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
(CPHEEO)
200 ManualonWaterSupplyandTreatment(ThirdEdition) CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
(CPHEEO)
201 AdvisoryonTariffStructureforUrbanWaterSupplyandSewerageServices CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
(CPHEEO)
202 AdvisoryonConservationandRestorationofWaterBodiesinUrbanAreas CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
(CPHEEO)
203 AdvisoryonSeptageManagementinIndianCities:PreparationandImplementationofaSeptage MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
ManagementsubPlan(SMP)asapartoftheCitySanitationPlan(CSP)
204 ToolkitforPublicPrivatePartnershipframeworksinMunicipalSolidWasteManagement ICRAManagementConsultingServicesLimited/AsianDevelopment
VolumeIVBaselineStatusofMSWMinSatelliteTowns Bank(ADB)
VolumeIOverviewandProcess Bank(ADB)
VolumeIICasestudiesofPPPProjects Bank(ADB)
VolumeIIIModelPPPTemplatesandDocumentationPrepared Bank(ADB)
208 GuidelinesforPreparationofDetailedProjectReportsandselectionoftechnologiesfor www.jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in
processingandfinaldisposalofmunicipalsolidwasteusing12thFinanceCommissionGrants

209 Aguidetoprojectpreparation,implementationandappraisal MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
210 RecentTrendsinTechnologiesinSewerageSystem MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
211 ReportoftheTechnologyAdvisoryGrouponSolidWasteManagement MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
212 TechnologyAdvisorygrouponSolidWasteManagement
213 InterMinisterialTaskForceonIntegratedPlantNutrientManagement,2005 MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
214 ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatmentFinalDraft CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
(CPHEEO)
215 ListofManuals/Advisories/GuidelinesonWaterSupplyandSanitationSector MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
216 ManualonSewerageandSewageTreatmentSystemPartA:Engineering MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)/JapanInternational
CooperationAgency(JICA)
217 SafetyandElectricitySupplyRegulation,2010 CentralElectricalAuthority(CEA)
218 TheIndianElectricityRules,1956 CentralElectricityBoard
219 AsianGreenCityIndex EconomistIntelligenceUnit
220 LandfillGasManagementFacilitiesDesignGuidelines BritishColumbia,MinistryofEnvironment
221 DefenceEstates(ReferredinSection5.7)
222 Empoweringandstrengtheninglocalselfgovernmentincantonments,2011 NationalCommissiontoReviewtheWorkingoftheConstitution
223 TheCantonmentPropertyRules,1925 www.dgde.gov.in
224 WorksofDefenceAct,1903 MinistryofDefence,DirectorateGeneralDefenceEstates

SlumDevelopment(majorlyreferredforSection2.2.5)
225 GuidelinesforPreparationofSlumFreeCityPlanofActionRajivAwasYojana(RAY),20122022 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
226 PreparationofDetailedProjectReport(Module5)RajivAwasYojana MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoH&UPA)
227 RajivAwasYojana(RAY)Guidelines2013 MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
GreaterHyderabadBiodiversityIndex(ReferredinSection6.3andAppendixE)
228 GlimpsesofBiodiversityofGreaterHyderabad GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation
229 GreaterHyderabadCityBiodiversityIndex,2012 GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation
CompactCity(ReferredinSection5.4.2)
230 DealingwithsustainabilitytradeoffsofthecompactcityinperiurbanplanningacrossEuropean J.(Judith)Westerink,D.(Dagmar)Haase,A.(Annette)Bauer,J.(Joe)
cityregions Ravetz,F.(Franoise)Jarrige,C.B.E.M.(Carmen)Aalbers,European
PlanningStudies,2012
Redevelopment(ReferredinSection5.5)
231 RedevelopmentofEastKidwaiNagar,NewDelhi NationalBuildingConstructionCorporationLtd.(NBCC)


Legislation&Volume2
232 StrategicPlanofMinistryofUrbanDevelopmentfor20112016 MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
DevelopmentControlRules(ReferredinChapter9)
233 IS14243IndianstandardselectionanddevelopmentofsiteforbuildinginHillareasGuidelines BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
MicrozonationofHillyAreas(Part1and2)
234 ProposedAmendmentsPertainingtoSafetyagainstNaturalHazardsinTownandCountry MinistryofHomeAffairs(MoHA)
PlanningActs,DevelopmentControlRegulationsandBuildingByeLaws
235 BangaloreMasterPlan,2015Zoningoflanduseandregulations BangaloreDevelopmentAuthority(BDA)
236 DevelopmentControlRegulationsforGreaterBombay,1991
237 SecondMasterPlanforChennaiMetropolitanArea,2026 ChennaiMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(CMDA)
238 JaipurMasterPlan,2025 JaipurDevelopmentAuthority(JDA)
239 JammuDCR,2010 HousingandUrbanDevelopmentDepartment
240 AizawlMasterPlan,2030 UrbanDevelopment&PovertyAlleviation
241 DehradunMasterPlan,200525 NagarAyamGramNiyojanVibhag
242 OotyMasterPlan UdhagamandalamMunicipality
243 GeneralDevelopmentControlRegulationsforNaviMumbai1975 CityandIndustrialDevelopmentCorporation(CIDCO)
244 ShimlaHeritageReport TownandCountryPlanningDepartment(TCPD),HP
245 InterimDevelopmentPlanForShimlaPlanningAreaandamendments TownandcountryPlanning,Shimla
246 StudyonZoningRegulations TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
247 NayaRaipurDevelopmentPlan2031 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
248 ThesisDocumentonEvolvingModelDynamicDevelopmentCodeforDelhi TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
249 TransitOrientedDevelopmentPolicynormsandGuidelines,2012 DelhiDevelopmentAuthority(DDA)
250 ReportofthesubcommitteefordevelopmentofNationalSustainableHabitatParametersfor www.wbcsd.org
EnergyEfficiencyinResidentialandCommercialBuildings
251 Density,F.A.RandInfrastructureStudy,Delhi SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture(SPA)
252 DevelopmentControlRegulationsforMumbaiMetropolitanRegion,1999 MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
MixedUse(MajorlyreferredinChapter5&9)
253 OtherNationalandInternationalstudies DocumentssuggestedbySPA
254 AMixedUseHighRise:Mumbai RemakingofMumbaiFederation
255 CommercialandMixedUseDevelopment:CodeHandBook OregonsDepartmentofTransportation(ODOT)andDepartmentofLand
ConservationandDevelopment(DLCD)

256 Chapter2:DensityandMixedUses TransitOrientedDevelopmentGuidelines,Marta
257 GuidelinesforHighRiseBuildings MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
258 MixedUseDevelopmentanUrbanDesignApproachtoCitiesinDevelopingCountries CalebSackey,DepartmentofArchitecture,KwameNkrumahUniversityof
ScienceandTechnology,2009
259 MixedUseDevelopment:AReviewofProfessionalLiterature TheNationalAssociationofIndustrialandOfficePropertiesResearch
Foundation
260 TheUrbanSocialPatternofNaviMumbai,India MalathiAnanthakrishnan,1998,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandState
University
261 AlternativeApproachtoMasterPlan,2009 SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture
262 WorkingpaperonCompactCitiesPromoteLandUseandSpatialPlanningforEfficientUrban EMBARQ,India
Growth
CensusData(Referredinsection1.2)
263 PopulationProjectionsforIndiaandStates20012006 OfficeofRegistrarGeneral&CensusCommissioner
DatafromTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
264 SustainableDevelopment BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
265 GuidelinesforEnergyEfficiencyStreetLighting USAID,India
266 UrbanTransport,DraftReporttotheSubCommitteeoftheNationalDevelopmentCouncil(NDC) CentreofExcellenceinUrbanTransport,CEPTUniversity,Ahmedabad
onUrbanization
267 StreamliningProceduresforClearanceofBuildingProjects TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
268 DevelopingNormsandProvisionsforRuralSchoolsinIndia BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
269 TheRajasthanUrbanImprovement(Amendment)Bill,2010 GovernmentofRajasthan
270 RajasthanUrbanImprovementAct,1959 GovernmentofRajasthan
271 BaselineStudyShimla,2008 GTZ
272 BangaloreMetropolitanRegion(BMR)StructuralPlan BangaloreMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
273 StrategyPaperonMasterPlanFormulation,InclusivePlanning,PrioritizationforHousingand Town&CountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
PedestrianMovement
274 GuidetoPreliminaryPlanningSurveysforSmall,MediumSizeTown TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
275 HyderabadMasterPlan2011 HyderabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority
276 InsidetheTransformingUrbanAsia:Process,PoliciesandPublicAction DarshiniMahadevia,ConceptPublishingCompany
277 LearningfromInformalMarkets:InnovatingApproachestoLandandHousingProvision ErhardBerner,DevelopmentinPractice,VolumeII,November2&3,May
2001
278 Planningnorms,BuildingByelaws,TrafficStructure,LandAssembleandResourceMobilisation TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)


279 NationalworkshoponIntegratingtheConcernofPoorinUrbanPlanningandGovernance InternationalInstituteforEnvironmentandDevelopment
280 PartnershipforSustainabilityandIntegratedLandUseandTransportPlanning DepartmentofTransport,PlanningandLocalInfrastructure,Victoria
281 EngagingthePublicandPrivateSectors PrecinctStructurePlanningGuidelines,GrowthAreasAuthority
282 ConferenceonUrbanDevelopmentPlanFormulation&Implementation(UDPFI)Guidelines
283 RingwoodCentralActivitiesArea TheVictorianGovernment,MaroondahCityCouncil
284 SalientFeaturesofConservationAreas HyderabadMasterPlan,2011
285 TheMetropolitanPlanningStrategy MetropolitanPlanningStrategyProjectTeam,Victoria
286 VictorianStateGovernmentCabinet DepartmentofPlanningandCommunityDevelopment,Victoria
287 DraftPlanningProposalReportSpecialPlanning LAVASA,SpecialPlanningAuthority
288 PlanDevelopmentforMetropolitanRegion IndianInstituteofPublicAdministration(IIPA)
289 TheEmergingSpatialContextforSocioEconomicDevelopmentinIndia,2013 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
TownPlanningGuidelinesNormsforvariousAmenities(ReferredinSection8.4)
290 GuidingNormsforTownPlanningforVariousAmenities BureauofIndianStandards(BIS)
291 OutcomereportoftheBrainstormingsessionswithStateUrbanDevelopmentDepartments, TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
TownPlanningDepartmentsandSchoolofPlanning
292 CensusReportfromTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)2011 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
293 ModelRegulationforHeritageBuildings,HeritagePrecinctsandNaturalFeatureAreas TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
294 LatestULBMasterPlanStatus MinistryofUrbanDevelopment
295 ReportonOperationalizingMPCsTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)MUT2012 TownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO)
296 ReportonNorms&SpaceStandardsForPlanningOfPublicSectorProjectTowns TownandCountryPlanningorganisation
297 TheTownPlanningMechanisminGujarat,India WorldBank
CitywiseCDP(MajorlyreferredinChapter2and5)
298 VadodaraCDP JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
299 AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanAhmedabad NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)
300 RevisedCityDevelopmentPlanforBangalore JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
301 RevisedCityDevelopmentPlanforBangalore2009 JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
302 Indore:CityDevelopmentPlanandCityLevelReformAgenda:AnAppraisalReport NationalInstituteofPublicFinancePolicy(NIPFP)
303 Indore:CityDevelopmentPlan IndoreMunicipalCorporation
304 Mumbai:CityDevelopmentPlan(CDP) JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
305 AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanRaipur NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs

306 SecondGenerationCDPforRajkotMunicipalCorporationandRajkotUrbanDevelopment RajkotMunicipalCorporation
Authority(RUDA)
307 AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanRajkot NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)
308 AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanSurat NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)
309 CityAssessment ThaneMunicipalCorporationCityDevelopment
310 AppraisalofCityDevelopmentPlanVadodara NationalInstituteofUrbanAffairs(NIUA)
311 CityDevelopmentPlan,Chandigarh JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
312 CityDevelopmentPlan,Delhi JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
313 CityDevelopmentPlan,Sanand https://www.google.co.in/webhp?tab=ww&ei=JEJXU_HoLojUrQeKq4DgD
g&ved=0CBQQ1S4#newwindow=1&q=cdp+sanand&safe=active
314 CityDevelopmentPlan,Kolhapur http://www.kolhapurcorporation.gov.in/pdf/City_Development_Plan.pdf
315 CityDevelopmentPlan,Pune http://www.punecorporation.org/pmcwebn/informpdf/cddp/cdp2.pdf
316 CityDevelopmentPlan,Hyderabad JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JnNURM)
HeritageReligiousTourismCities(ReferredinSection5.5.4)
317 RevisedGuidelinesofSchemesProduct/InfrastructureDevelopmentforDestinationsand http://www.tourism.gov.in/Uploaded/Guideline/020920111052953.pdf
Circuits
318 GuidelinesforSustainableCulturalTourisminHistoricTownsandCities HistoricTownsandRegions,EuropeanAssociation
319 JammuMasterPlan,2021 GovernmentofJammuandKashmir
320 FinalReporton20YearPerspectivePlanfordevelopmentofSustainableTourisminKarnataka MottMacDonald
321 MasterPlan2025JaipurRegion JaipurDevelopmentAuthority(JDA)
322 NationalTourismPolicy,2002 MinistryofTourismandCulture
323 GlobalReportonCityTourism,2012 WorldTourismOrganization
324 ResultsFrameworkDocument,201314 MinistryofCulture
OtherPlans(MajorlyreferredinChapter5and9)
325 LavasaDraftPlanningProposal LavasaSpecialPlanningAuthority
326 ChandigarhMasterPlan,2031 ChandigarhAdministration
327 BhopalDevelopmentPlan,2005 GovernmentofMadhyaPradesh
328 HimachalPradeshNagar&GraamYojanaVibhag,2002 HimachalPradeshGovernment
329 HimachalPradeshNagar&GraamYojanaVibhag,2011 HimachalPradeshGovernment
330 InterimDevelopmentPlanforShimlaPlanningArea,1979 GovernmentofHimachalPradesh,TownandCountryPlanning
Organisation


331 ListoftownsforwhichMasterPlanshavebeenprepared(Odisha) GovernmentofOdisha
332 AttributeDataintheGISforMasterPlan GovernmentofOdisha
333 ManualforCadastralLevelUrbanLISGenerationasinputforCDPPreparation GovernmentofOdisha
334 OdishaDevelopmentAuthoritiesManual GovernmentofOdisha
OldCity(ReferredinChapter5)
335 NandedCityDevelopmentPlan NandedWaghalaCityMunicipalCorporation
336 RegenerationandRenewalofOldDelhi(Shahjanabad) ArticlebyA.K.Jain,ITPIJournal,1:2(2004)2938,
337 DevelopmentPlanforKochiCityRegion2031 DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKerala
338 RegeneratingaGreatCity:Salford'sNeighbourhoodRenewalStrategy SalfordPartnership,AlphaBolton,
339 DraftComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan2021 AhmedabadUrbanDevelopmentAuthority
340 ConceptualPlanforUrbanRenewalandRedevelopmentofSuratoldcity,2013 SuratMunicipalCorporation
SportCity(ReferredinChapter5)
341 DubaiSportsCity http://www.dubaisportscity.ae/articledisplay.asp?id=17
PortCities(ReferredinSection5.5.5)
342 TransitionalSpatialStructuresandHousingDevelopmentinPeripheralShanghai JinghuanHe,ArchitectureFaculty,DelftUniversityofTechnology,The4th
InternationalConferenceoftheInternationalForumonUrbanism(IFoU)
2009,Amsterdam
343 PresentationtoCityofShanghaiUrbanPlanningandLandResourcesVisitors ProfessorRobWassmer,CaliforniaStateUniversity,Sacramento,2011
344 SustainableDevelopmentofShanghaiIndustry WUJINSONG,KitakyushuInitiativeSeminaronIndustrialRelocation,
2003
345 VisakhapatnamMasterPlanfor2021 VisakhapatnamUrbanDevelopmentAuthority
346 DetailedConceptPlanforMundraPortCity,2011 MottMacDonald
SmartCities(ReferredinSection5.4.3)
347 Smart/IntelligentGridDevelopmentandDeploymentinThailand WorldAllianceforThaiDecentralisedEnergy(WADEThai),Thailand,
2010
348 SmartGridInitiativeandRoadmapInThailand,2012 WeerachaiKoykul,ProvincialElectricityAuthority
349 RoadmapDevelopmentSmartCommunity MottMacDonald
350 SmartGridDevelopmentPolicyinIndonesia,2013 CoordinatingMinistryforEconomicAffars
351 TechnologyRoadmap:SmartGrids,2011 InternationalEnergyAgency
352 CitySanitationPlans(ReferredforSection2.2.5)
353 DraftCitySanitationPlansforDewasJanuary2011 DewasMunicipalCorporation

354 CitySanitationPlanNagpur,2011 NagpurMunicipalCorporation
355 TheRegularizationofStreetVendinginBhubaneshwar,India:APolicyModel,2012 RandhirKumar,WomeninInformalEmploymentGlobalizingand
OrganizingWIEGOPolicyBrief(UrbanPolicies)
RegionalPlanning(MajorlyreferredinChapter4)
356 PerspectivePlanDMICDC,2009 ScottWilsonIndiaPvt.Ltd.
357 RegionalPlan2021NationalCapitalRegion NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard
358 RegionalPlan2001NationalCapitalRegion NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard
359 MumbaiMetropolitanRegion(MMR)Plan MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority(MMRDA)
360 RegionalPlanningSystemandGoaApproach GovernmentofGoa
361 DraftRegionalPlanforGoa2021 GovernmentofGoa
362 TheKeralaTownandCountryPlanningOrdinance2013 GovernmentofKerala
363 TODExperienceHyderabad HyderabadMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority
364 RegionalGrowth,RegionalPolicyandInclusiveDevelopment:SomeobservationsonIndias RaviSrivastava,JNU;http://www.ipc
Experience undp.org/conference/workshop_ig/ppt/territorial_development/03
Ravi_Srivastava_IPC_Brazil_Presentation.pdf
365 DistrictUrbanisationReportThiruvananthapuram,January2011 DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKerala
366 DistrictSpatialPlanThrissur,January2011 DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKerala
367 StateUrbanisationReportKerala,March2012 DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,GovernmentofKerala
368 ThiruvananthapuramMasterPlan(Draft)November2012 ThiruvananthapuramCorporation,DepartmentofTownandCountry
Planning,GovernmentofKerala
369 DraftIntegratedDistrictDevelopmentPlanKollamCinciseReportVolumeIII,June2009 DistrictPlanningCommittee,LocalGovernments,SpecialTechnical
AdvisoryCommitteeKollam,DepartmentofTownandCountryPlanning,
GovernmentofKerala
370 KeralaGazetteExtraordinaryGovernmentofKeralaLaw(LegislationC)Department,2013 GovernmentofKerala
MediCity(ReferredforSection5.6.3)
371 TheFutureofMedicalCitiesandTheirRoleinMedicalTourism MedicalTourismMagazine
372 GlobalizationofHealthCareandMedicalTourism:ACaseStudyFromOman Dr.RajeevAravindhakshan,www.asiabiotech.com,Vol14,Nov2010
373 CaseStudyonHyderabadCity Indmedica
374 Healthcare,2007 IndianBrandEquityFoundation(IBEF)
375 MedicalTourism:AnAnalysiswithSpecialReferencetoIndia JournalofHospitalityApplicationandResearch(JOHAR)
376 NarayanaHospitalsHealthcity,Bangalore www.indiahospitaltour.com


377 CaseStudiesinDesignExcellenceforMidSizedUrban/InnerSuburbanMedicalCenters AECOM
378 PlanningNormsforHealthInfrastructureA.K.Jain www.helpageindia.org
GreenZones(MajorlyreferredinSection5.4.1)
379 IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)GreenTownships IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)
380 IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)GreenSEZRatingSystem IndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)
381 TurningBrownfieldsintoGreenSpaceintheCityofToronto ChristopherA.DeSousa,LandscapeandUrbanPlanning62(2003)181
198
382 FinalityinBrownfieldsRemediationandReuse JoelB.Eisen,UniversityofRichmondSchoolofLaw,2011
383 GreenRemediation:IncorporatingSustainableEnvironmentalPracticesintoRemediationof U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyOfficeofSolidWasteand
ContaminatedSites EmergencyResponse
384 GreenCityGuidelines UCDUrbanInstituteIreland
385 ReviewoftheUrbanSectorStrategy AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)
MinistryofShipping(ReferredinSection5.5.5)
386 TheDockWorkers(RegulationofEmployment)Act,1948 MinistryofShipping
387 TheIndianPortAct,1908 MinistryofShipping
388 TheMajorPortTrustsAct,1963 MinistryofShipping
PlanningCommissionReports(ReferredinChapters1,2&5)
389 ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning MinistryofHousing&UrbanPovertyAlleviation(MoHUPA)
390 ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanGovernment12thFiveYearPlan(20122017) TheChairmanshipofSecretary(UD)TheplanningCommission
MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentDataChecklist(ReferredoverallinGuidelines)
343 GuidelinesforTwinningofCities MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
344 HazardousSubstanceManagementRules,2008 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
345 TheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act,1981 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
346 SecondAdministrativeReformsCommission,SixthReport,LocalGovernance DepartmentofAdministrativeReforms&PublicGrievances,Ministryof
Personnel,PublicGrievancesandPensions
347 GuidelinesforUndertakingProjectsAttractingCoastalRegulationZoneNotification,1991 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
348 HazardousWaste(Management,Handling&Transboundary)Rules,2008 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
349 NoisePollutionNorms MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
350 TheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act&RulesofWaterManagement MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
351 ImplementationofEWasteRules2011 CentralPollutionControlBoard

352 EwasteManagementandHandlingRules MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
353 BioMedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2011 MinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF)
354 IndianTreasureTroveAct,1878 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
355 IndiaUrbanCorridors NationalAtlasandThematicMappingOrganisation(NATMO)
356 TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsActAmendment2010 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
357 TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct1958 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
358 TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct1959 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
359 TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsRules1957 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
360 TheAncientMonumentsPreservationAct,1904 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
361 TheAntiquitiesandArtTreasuresAct,1972 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
362 TheAntiquitiesandArtTreasuresRules,1973 ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia
363 TheGoaSewerageSystemandSanitationServicesManagementAct,2008 http://www.indiawaterportal.org
364 SpecialEconomicZonesGuidelines http://www.sezindia.nic.in
365 Module4:GuidelinesforParkingMeasures:PolicyandOptions www.stiindiauttoolkit.adb.org
366 CodeofPractice(Part2)Intersections http://urbanindia.nic.in/
367 CodeofPractice(Part3)Road_Marking http://urbanindia.nic.in/
368 CodeofPractice(Part4)_Signages http://urbanindia.nic.in/
369 CodeofPractice(Part5)_Traffic_Calming http://urbanindia.nic.in/
370 Draft1:BicycleDesignSpecificationforIndiaPublicBicycleSharing MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
371 Draft:ToolkitforPublicCycleSharingSystems MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
372 StreetDesignGuidelines UnifiedTrafficandTransportationInfrastructure(Planning&
Engineering)Centre(UTTIPEC)
373 PeriUrban,2014 http://periurban14.org/
374 PositionPaper2ForWorkingGrouponUrbanTransportforTwelfthFiveYearPlan AkhileshwarSahay
375 IssuesandRisksforMonorailProjectsandMetroSystems InstituteofUrbantransport(India)
376 NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard(NCRPB)RegionalPlan2021 NationalCapitalRegionPlanningBoard(NCRPB)
377 SpecialInvestmentRegionAct2009 GovernmentofGujarat
378 12thScheduleofThe74thConstitutionalAmendmentAct(CAA)AnnexureVIII NUISDesignandStandardsTCPOGovernmentofIndiaMOUD
379 SecondAdministrativeReformsCommission GovernmentofIndia
380 ReportoftheWorkingGrouponUrbanStrategicPlanning12thFiveYearPlan,October4,2011 MinistryofHousingandUrbanPovertyAlleviation,GovernmentofIndia


381 NationalSeminaronUrbanGovernanceintheContextofJawaharlalNehruNationalUrban AssociationofMunicipalitiesandDevelopmentAuthorities(AMDA),New
RenewalMission,2425November2006 Delhi
382 StudyofUniformCodingSchemeforTownandCountryPlanningOrganisation(TCPO) MinistryofCommunications&InformationTechnology(MoC&IT)
ComputerisationofLandRecords
383 CommitteeonStageAgrarianRelationsandUnfinishedTaskofLandReforms MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
384 LevelsofAchievementinLandRecordsModernisationoftheStates/UTs MinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)
385 NationalUrbanSpatialPlanning&DevelopmentGuidelinesVolumeI,IIandIII MinistryofUrbanDevelopment(MoUD)
Disasterplanning(ReferredinChapter6)
386 SeismicMicrozonationAtlasofGuwahatiRegion,2007 DepartmentofScience&Technology,GovernmentofIndia,NewDelhi
387 SeismicHazardandMicrozonationAtlasoftheSikkimHimalaya SeismologyDivision,DepartmentofScience&Technology,Governmentof
India,NewDelhi
388 SeismicMicrozonationManual,2011 GeoscienceDivision,MinistryofEarthSciences,GovernmentofIndia,New
Delhi
389 SeismicMicrozonationHandbook,2011 GeoscienceDivision,MinistryofEarthSciences,GovernmentofIndia,New
Delhi
390 DisasterManagementandPreparednessPlan,2011 SuratMunicipalCorporation,Gujarat
CaseStudies:IntegratedTownship(ReferredinSection5.6)
391 IntegratedTownshipsinIndiaTodayandTomorrow,2013 TheHindu
392 OzoneUrbana:Bangalore'sLargestIntegratedTownship OzoneGroup
393 BhidadiIntegratedTownship BangaloreMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
394 MagarpattaStory:FarmersBuildingSustainableCities SatishMagar,IndiaInternationalCentre
395 IntegratedTownshipPolicy Housing&UrbanPlanningDepartment,GoUP

AppendixBBasicPlanningDefinition
2 AppendixBBasicPlanningDefinition
Table2.1: ChapterwiseBasicPlanningDefinitions
Sr.No. Particular Definitions Source
Chapter3:PlanFormulation
1 Agriculture Includes horticulture, farming, raising of crops, fruits, vegetables, ModelRegionalandTown
flowers, grass, fodder, trees or any other kind of cultivation, dairy, Planningand
animal husbandry, breeding and keeping of livestock, including DevelopmentLaw
cattle,horses,donkeys,mules,pigs,fish,poultryandbees;anduseof
landwhichisancillarytothefarmingoflandoranyotheragriculture
purposes,butshallnotincludetheuseoflandattachedtoabuilding
forthepurposesofagardentobeusedalongsidesuchbuilding.
2 Amenities Includeroadsandstreets,openspaces,parks,recreationalgrounds, ModelRegionalandTown
playgrounds, water and electric supply, street lighting, sewerage, Planningand
drainage, public works and other utilities, services and DevelopmentLaw
conveniences.
3 Development Thecarryingoutofbuilding,engineering,miningorotheroperations ModelRegionalandTown
in, on, over or under land or the making of any material change, in Planningand
any building or land, or in the use of any building or land and DevelopmentLaw
includessubdivisionofanyland.
4 Development Aplanforthedevelopmentorredevelopmentorimprovementofan BiharUrbanPlanningand
Plan area within the jurisdiction of a Planning Authority and includes a DevelopmentAct,2012
RegionalDevelopmentPlan,aMetropolitanDevelopmentPlan,Area
Development Plan, Town Development Plan, Zonal Development
Plan, District Development Plan, or any other plan or scheme
preparedunderrelevantActbywhatsoevernameknown.
5 Disposal Discharge, deposition or dumping of any liquid or solid waste onto NationalUrbanSanitation
landorwatersothatitmayentertheenvironment. Policy,CitySanitation
PlanManual
6 Domestic Allformsofwastewaterderivedfromresidentialproperties,aswell NationalUrbanSanitation
sewage as black water and grey water from commercial and institutions Policy,CitySanitation
buildings. PlanManual
7 FloorSpace ThequotientortheratiooftheTotalCoveredareaofallfloorstothe BiharUrbanPlanningand
Index totalareaoftheplot,multipliedby100. DevelopmentAct,2012
8 Infrastructure Any project, public amenity or public utility or service, which is BiharUrbanPlanningand
required for smooth, productive and efficient functioning of the DevelopmentAct,2012
Planning Area such as trunk infrastructure, access from or to the
nearest major road, bulk supply of drinking water (surface water
and ground water with trunk line), power (electric substation and
network),health,educationfacilities,transport(majorroadssuchas
national highways, state highways, major district roads, other
district roads, , bridges, bypasses and underpasses), common
effluent treatment plants (CETP), sewage treatment plant (STP),
solid waste disposal system and receptacles, communication
network, sectorial shopping markets, institutional buildings, malls
and multiplexes, cinema halls, community halls, open air theatres,
playgrounds,civicandculturalfacilities,publicparkingareasetc.
9 LandUse Themajoruseforwhichalandisbeingusedonanyspecifieddate. BiharUrbanPlanningand
DevelopmentAct,2012
10 Local Amunicipalcorporationorcommitteeorboardordistrictboardor ModelRegionalandTown
Authority other authority legally entitled to, or entrusted by the government Planningand
with the control or management of a municipal or local fund or DevelopmentLaw
which is permitted by the government to exercise the powers of a
localauthority,andincludesatownimprovementtrust;andalocal
authorityisaLocalAuthorityConcernedifanylandwithinitslocal
limits falls in the area of a plan prepared or to be prepared under
relevantAct.
11 Plan The statement of proposals, policies and development briefs for BiharUrbanPlanningand
securing,promotingandregulatingdevelopmentinaPlanningArea, DevelopmentAct,2012
andincludesamapormapsorsetsofdocumentsorallofthem.


12 PlanningArea A territorial unit demarcated and declared by the Government for BiharUrbanPlanningand
thepurposesofplanningunder relevantActandshallbeknownby DevelopmentAct,2012
suchnameastheGovernmentmaydecide.
13 PublicPlace Anyplaceorbuildingwhichisopentotheuseandenjoymentofthe BiharUrbanPlanningand
publicwhetheritisactuallyusedorenjoyedbythepublicornotand DevelopmentAct,2012
whethertheentryisregulatedbyanychargeornot.
14 Residence Includestheuseforhumanhabitationofanylandorbuildingorpart ModelRegionalandTown
thereof,theuseofgardens,grounds,garages,stablesandouthouses, Planningand
ifany,appertainingtosuchlandorbuilding,and"Residentialshall DevelopmentLaw
beconstruedaccordingly.
15 Sanitation Interventions(usuallyconstructionoffacilitiessuchaslatrines)that NationalUrbanSanitation
improvethemanagementofexcretaandpromotesanitary(healthy) Policy,CitySanitation
conditions. PlanManual
16 Scheme A Development scheme and includes a plan or plans together with ModelRegionalandTown
thedescriptivematter,ifany,relatingtosuchascheme. Planningand
DevelopmentLaw
17 Septage Mixture of wastewater and sludge removed from a septic tank NationalUrbanSanitation
duringcleaningoperations. Policy,CitySanitation
PlanManual
18 Septictank A form of onplot sanitation for the anaerobic treatment of NationalUrbanSanitation
sewage/blackwater. Policy,CitySanitation
PlanManual
19 Sewage A mixture of wastewater from all urban activates from residential, NationalUrbanSanitation
commercialproperties.Itmayalsocontainacomponentofindustrial Policy,CitySanitation
wastewater. PlanManual
20 Sewerage Anetworkofinterconnectedsewersinanarea,districtortown. NationalUrbanSanitation
Policy,CitySanitation
PlanManual
21 Utility Services such as roads including approach roads, bridges, bypasses BiharUrbanPlanningand
and underpasses, street lights, water supply system, sewerage DevelopmentAct,2012
system, storm water drainage system, electrical network,
communication network, sewage treatment plants, percolation
wells, solid waste disposal system, collection, treatment, discharge
and disposal of industrial, institutional and township waste, gas
pipeline, common effluent treatment plants (CETP), spaces for
informal services, and any other as may be delineated by the
Government.
22 Wastewater Liquid waste from households or commercial or industrial NationalUrbanSanitation
operations,alongwithanysurfacewater/stormwater. Policy,CitySanitation
PlanManual
23 Wastewater A combination of physical, chemical and biological processes to NationalUrbanSanitation
treatment remove suspended solids, dissolved pollutants, and pathogens and Policy,CitySanitation
renderthewaterharmlesstotheenvironment. PlanManual
Chapter4:ResourceMobilisation
1 Accommodatio Allowsthelandownerstodevelopthesitedreservedforanamenity UDPFIGuidelines
nReservation inthedevelopmentplanusingfullpermissibleFSI/FARonthe plot
subjecttoagreeingtoentrustandhandoverthebuiltupareaofsuch
amenitytothe localauthorityfreeofallencumbrancesandaccept
thefullFAR/FSIascompensationinlieutherefore.
2 AccrualConcept Occurrence of claims and obligations in respect of incomes or AdministrativeStaff
expenditures, assets or liabilities based on happening of any event, CollegeofIndia,(Regional
passage of time, rendering of services,fulfilment (partially or fully) CapacityBuildingHub)
of contracts, diminution in values, etc., are recorded even though
actualreceiptsorpaymentsofmoneymaynothavetakenplace.
3 Bilateral Government agencies or nonprofit organizations based in a single
Organizations countrywhiletheagenciesprovideaidinothercountries.
4 Biomedical anywastegeneratedduringdiagnosis,treatmentorimmunizationof MunicipalBill
waste humanbeingsoranimalsorinresearchactivitiespertainingthereto
orintheproductionortestingofbiologicals.


5 Budgetgrant Thetotalsumenteredontheexpendituresideofabudgetestimate MunicipalBill
under a major head and adopted by the Municipality, and includes
any sum by which such budget grant is increased or reduced by
transferfromortootherheadsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof
thisActandtherulesandtheregulationsmadethereunder.
6 Building a structure constructed for whatever purpose and of whatever MunicipalBill
materials, and includes the foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs,
chimneys, fixed platforms, verandas, balconies, cornices or
projections or part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any
wall(otherthanaboundarywalloflessthanthreemetresinheight)
enclosing,orintendedtoenclose,anyland,signoroutdoordisplay
structurebutdoesnotincludeatent,shamianaortarpaulinshelter.
7 Citizens The document declaring the functioning, obligations, duties and CitizensBill
charter commitmentsofapublicauthorityforprovidinggoodsandservices
effectively and efficiently with acceptable level of standards, time
limitsanddesignationofpublicservantsfordeliveryandgrievance
redress.
8 DwellingHouse Amasonrybuildingconstructed,used,oradaptedtobeused,wholly MunicipalBill
orprincipallyforhumanhabitation.
9 eGovernment Use Information Communication Technology to organize and eGovernment:Singapore
manage the government administrative processes, specifically the Study
interactiveproceduresbetweengovernmentandpublic.
10 FDI Investmentbynonresidententity/personresidentoutsideIndiain FDICircular
thecapitalofanIndiaeconomy.
11 Grantsinaid Grantsinaidarepayments,transfersordevolutionoffunds,incash IndianGovernment
or in kind, in the nature of donations or contributions by one AccountingStandard
government (grantor) to another government, body, institution or (IGAS),2007
individual(grantee).
12 Industrial SuchurbanareaorpartthereofastheGovernormay,havingregard MunicipalBill
township tothesizeoftheareaandthemunicipalservicesbeingprovidedor
proposedtobeprovidedbyanindustrialestablishmentinthatarea
andsuchotherfactorsashemaydeemfit,bynotification,specifyto
beanindustrialtownship.
13 Land "Land"includesbenefitstoariseoutofland,andthingsattachedto TheRighttoFair
theearthorpermanentlyfastenedtoanythingattachedtotheearth. Compensationand
TransparencyinLand
Acquisition,
Rehabilitationand
ResettlementAct,2013
14 Land The acquisition of land for some public purpose by a government Wikipedia
Acquisition agency from individual landowners as, authorised by the law, after
payingagovernmentfixedcompensationtocoverlossesincurredby
landowners from surrendering their land to the concerned
governmentagency.
15 LocalBodies Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies under the IndianGovernment
provisionsofArticle243andArticle12oftheConstitution. AccountingStandard
(IGAS),2007
16 Multilateral International organisations whose membership is made up of
organisations membergovernments,whocollectivelygoverntheorganisationand
are its primary source of funds and spend it on projects in various
countries.
17 Service All goods and services, including functions, obligations, CitizensBill
responsibility or duty, to be provided or rendered by a public
authority.
18 Transferable Aprocessofmakingavailablecertainamountofadditionalbuiltup BiharUrbanPlanningand
Development areainlieuofthearearelinquishedorsurrenderedbytheownerof DevelopmentAct,2012
Right(TDR) thelandwhoselandorapartthereof,isrequiredforpublicpurposes
such as construction and widening of roads, development of parks,
playgrounds, green area civic amenities, recreational uses, urban
infrastructure, implementation of development control and Zoning
Regulations and conservation of heritage sites or such other
purposes as Government may notify so that he can use the extra


built up area either himself or transfer it to another person for a
consideration.
Chapter7:SustainabilityGuidelines
1 Accessibility Theabilitytoreachdesiredgoods,servicesandactivities. MinistryofUrban
Development,2008
2 BufferZone Buffer zones are areas created to enhance the protection of a http://www.biodiversity
conservation area, often peripheral to it, inside or outside. Within az.org/areas/10/
Bufferzones,certainlegaland/orcustomaryrestrictionsareplaced AZofAreasof
upon resource use and/or is managed to reduce the negative BiodiversityImportance
impactsofrestrictionsontheneighbouringcommunities

3 Climate A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by GlobalWarmingPolicy
Change usingstatisticaltests)bychangesinthemeanand/orthevariability Foundation,IPCC
of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically
decadesorlonger.
4 CoastalArea/ Thecoastisauniqueenvironmentwhereland,seaandatmosphere CoastalZonesofIndia,
Zone interactandinterplaycontinuouslyinfluencingastripofspatialzone ISRO,2012
definedascoastalarea/zone.
Coastalarea/zonesaretheareashavingtheinfluenceofbothmarine
andterrestrialprocesses.

5 Deforestation The direct humaninduced conversion of forested land to non http://www.cbd.int/doc/
forestedland. publications/cbdts43
en.pdf
UNFCCCMarrakech
Accords
6 Disaster A catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, TheDisasterManagement
arising from natural or manmade cause, or by accident or Act,MinistryofLawand
negligencewhichresultsinsubstantiallossoflifeorhumansuffering Justice,2005
or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or
destructionof,environment,andisofsuchanatureormagnitudeas
to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected
area.
7 Disaster A continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, TheDisasterManagement
Management coordination and implementing measures which are necessary or Act,MinistryofLawand
expedientfor Justice,2005
preventionofdamageorthreatofanydisaster;
mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences;
capacitybuilding;
preparednesstodealwithanydisaster;
promptresponsetoanythreateningdisastersituationordisaster;
assessingtheseverityormagnitudeofeffectsofanydisaster;
evacuation,rescueandrelief;
rehabilitationandreconstruction
8 Ecological Aformofdrysanitationthatinvolvesseparationoffaecesandurine ManualCitySanitation
Sanitation in order to facilitate recycling of nutrients in local agricultural PlanPreparation(CSP),
systems. NationalUrbanSanitation
Policy
9 Mitigation "Mitigation" means measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or TheDisasterManagement
effectsofadisasterorthreateningdisastersituation Act,MinistryofLawand
Justice,2005
10 EcoSensitive Theextentofecosensitivezonesasfollowing: Guidelinesfordeclaration
Zones Many of the existing protected areas have already undergone ofEcoSensitiveZones
tremendousdevelopmentinclosevicinitytotheirboundaries.Some AroundNationalParks
oftheprotectedareasactuallylyingintheurbansetup(Eg.Guindy andWildLifeSanctuaries,
National Park, Tamil Naidu, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, MoEF,2011
Maharashtra,etc.).Therefore,definingtheextentoftheecosensitive
zones around protected areas will have to be kept flexible and
protectedareaspecific.Thewidthoftheecosensitivezoneandtype
of regulations will differ from protected area to protected area.
However,asageneralprinciple thewidthoftheecosensitive zone
could go upto 10 Kms around a protected area as provided in the


WildlifeConservationStrategy2002.
In case where sensitive corridors, connectivity and ecologically
important patches, crucial for landscape linkages, are even beyond
10Kmswidth,theseshouldbeincludedintheecosensitivezone.
Further, even in context of a particular protected area, the
distribution of an area of ecosensitive zone and the extant of
regulationmaynotbeuniformallaroundanditcouldbeofvariable
widthandextent.
11 Environmenta Environmental sensitive zones may be defined as areas with NationalEnvironmental
llysensitive identifiedenvironmentalresourcewithincomparablevalueswhich Policy,2006;
zone/area require special attention for their conservation. All NBC,2005,
Earthquake/landslide prone, cliffs and environmentally hazardous
and
area, areas adjacent to fault lines, areas with slope higher than 45
AizwalMasterPlan
degree (NBC, 2005), flood plain, wetlands and areas adjacent to
majordrainagelinesforgeneralguidance,otherareasidentifiedby
State Disaster Management Authority to be included in the
environmentallysensitiveareas.
12 Preparedness "Preparedness" means the state of readiness to deal with a TheDisasterManagement
threateningdisastersituationordisasterandtheeffectsthereof Act,MinistryofLawand
Justice,2005
13 Sustainable Development that meets the needs of the present without BrundtlandCommission,
Development compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own 1987
needs.
Chapter8:SimplifiedPlanningTechniques
1 GIS Asystemwhichprovidescomputerizedmechanismsforintegrating IndianSpaceResearch
(Geographical various geo information data sets and analysing them in order to Organisation
Information generateinformationrelevanttoplanningneedsinacontext.
System)
2 Mapping Representationofearthspatternasawholeorpartofitonaplane UDPFIGuidelines
surfacewithconventionalsigns,drawntoascaleandprojectionso
thateachandeverypointonitcorrespondstotheactualterrestrial
position.
3 PrimaryData Data collected for the first time and is always given in the form of
rawmaterialandoriginalincharacter.
4 Remote Science of acquiring information about the Earths surface without NationalRemoteSensing
Sensing actuallybeingincontactwithit. Centre
5 Secondary Second hand data initially collected by some other investigator for
Data otherpurposebutusedbyaninvestigatorforhis/herownpurpose
later.
Chapter9:Infrastructure
1 Adult A premise having the facility of formal education and training to MasterPlanforDelhi,
Education adultswithflexibletimings. 2021
Centre
2 Anganwari Anganwari as space provision at residential housing/ MasterPlanforDelhi,
neighbourhoodlevelisacentretoprovideserviceforchildrenof0 2021
6yrs age, pregnant women, feeding mothers, etc. under the
IntegratedChildDevelopmentScheme(ICDS).
3 Artificial Artificialrechargetogroundwaterisaprocessbywhichtheground RainwaterHarvesting
Recharge water reservoir is augmented at rate exceeding that under natural Techniques,
conditionsofreplenishment. MinistryOfWater
Resources
CentralGroundWater
Board,2003
4 Banquethall A premise to hold small public gatherings, community functions, MasterPlanforDelhi:
marriagesetc. 2021
5 Burialground Apremisewithfacilitiesforburyingofdeadbodies. MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
6 BusTerminal A premise used by public transport agency to park the buses for StudyonZoning
short duration to serve the population. It may include the related Regulation,TCPO,2004
facilitiesforpassengers.


7 Central/State ApremiseusedfortheofficesofCentral/StateGovernment. StudyonZoning
Government Regulation,TCPO,2004
Office
8 Civildefence A premise having facilities for offices and other functions of civil MasterPlanforDelhi:
andhome organizationforinternaldefence. 2021
guardsetc.
9 Continuous 247 supply is achieved when water is delivered continuously to GuidanceNotesfor
WaterSupply/ everycustomeroftheservice24hoursaday,everydayoftheyear, ContinuousWater
247Water throughatransmissionanddistributionsystemthatiscontinuously System,MoUD,2009
Supply full and under positive pressure throughout all of its pipelines and
networks.
10 Convenience A group of shops in residential area serving a population of about MasterPlanforDelhi:
Shopping 5000 persons and if required for 2,000 persons in hill residential 2021&StudyonZoning
centre areas Regulation,TCPO,2004
11 Crcheand A premise having nursing facilities for young children during day StudyonZoning
Daycare time.Thecentermaybemanagedbyanindividualoraninstitution Regulation,TCPO,2004
Centre oncommercialornoncommercialbasis.
12 Cremation A premise with facilities of performing last rites of dead bodies by MasterPlanforDelhi:
ground burning. 2021
13 Crematorium Apremisewithfacilitiesforlastritesofthedeceased. MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
14 Decentralised The collection, treatment, and disposal/reuse of wastewater from GuidelinesFor
Wastewater individual homes, clusters of homes, isolated communities, Decentralized
Management industries, or institutional facilities, as well as from portions of WastewaterManagement,
existingcommunitiesatornearthepointofwastegeneration MoUD,2012
15 Dharamshala A premise providing temporary accommodation for short duration MasterPlanforDelhi:
andits onnoprofitbasis. 2021
equivalent
16 Dhallaoand A premise used for collection of garbage for its onward StudyonZoning
Dustbin transportation Regulation,TCPO,2004
17 DistrictCentre A group of shops in residential area serving a population of about MasterPlanforDelhi:
500000persons. 2021
18 DistrictMeter Thetermdistrictmeteringisusedtodescribethemethodwhereby O&MManual,
Area flow meters are installed on all major supply lines and strategic KolkataMetropolitan
pointswithinthedistributionsystem. Water&Sanitation
Authority
19 Disaster A premise having facility of disaster emergency, backup, hospital MasterPlanforDelhi:
management facility, training centre for disaster preparedness, wireless 2021
centre communicationetc.
20 Dispensary A premise having facilities for medical advice and provision of MasterPlanforDelhi:
medicine,managedbypublicorcharitableinstitutions. 2021
21 Dispensaryfor Premises having facilities for medical advice and provision of MasterPlanforDelhi:
petanimal medicines to pet animals and birds, managed by public/ private or 2021
andbirds charitableinstitutions.
22 Districtpolice Apremisehavingfacilitiesfortheofficesandparamilitaryforces. MasterPlanforDelhi:
officeand 2021
battalion
23 ElectricSub A premise having electrical installation and transformer for StudyonZoning
Station distributionofpower. Regulation,TCPO,2004

24 Effluent The wastewater that flows out of a treatment system (in this case AdvisoryNote:
septictank)orsupernatantliquiddischargedfromtheseptictank. SeptageManagement
InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
25 Exhibition A premise having facilities for the exhibition and display and other MasterPlanforDelhi:
cumFair culturalactivitiesforagroupofparticipants. 2021
Ground
26 Farmhouse Adwellinghouseonafarm. MasterPlanforDelhi:


2021
27 Firepost Premises with lesser degree of facilities for firefighting. The post MasterPlanforDelhi:
maybeattachedtospecificpremiseswithfireproneactivities. 2021
28 Firestation A premise having facility for firefighting for a catchment area MasterPlanforDelhi:
assignedtoit.Itmayincluderesidenceofessentialstaff. 2021
29 Firetraining Apremisehavingfacilitiesoftrainingforemergencytimesincaseof MasterPlanforDelhi:
institute fire,buildingcollapseetc. 2021
30 GasGodown A premise having the facility of wholesale storage of LPG, godown, MasterPlanforDelhi:
etc. 2021
31 GauShala/ A premise with facilities for rearing and processing of dairy StudyonZoning
Dairyfarm products.Itmayhavetemporarystructureforshedsofanimalsand Regulation,TCPO,2004
birds.
32 Generaland Apremisewithfacilityforpostalandtelecommunicationtoandfrom MasterPlanforDelhi:
headpost anumberofpostofficesattachedtoit. 2021
officewith
administrative
office
33 Government LandownedbytheCentral/State/LocalGovt. StudyonZoning
Land Regulation,TCPO,2004
34 Hospital A premise providing medical facilities of general or specialised MasterPlanforDelhi:
nature for treatment of indoor and outdoor patients. It may be 2021
managedbypublic,privateorcharitableinstitution.
35 Hotel Apremiseusedforlodgingof15personsormore. MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
36 InformalUnit Retail/service unit, stationary or mobile, work place without roof StudyonZoning
includingsmallKhokhasonroadside Regulation,TCPO,2004
37 International A premise having all facilities for international /national MasterPlanforDelhi:
convention conferences,meetings,symposiumetc. 2021
centre
38 Jail A premise with facilities for detention, confinement and reform of MasterPlanforDelhi:
criminalsunderthelaw. 2021
39 Library/ A premise having a large collection of books for reading and StudyonZoning
readingroom referenceforgeneralpublicorspecificclass. Regulation,TCPO,2004

40 Local A group of shops in residential area serving population of 15,000 MasterPlanforDelhi:
shopping persons. 2021
centre
41 LPGgodown A premise for the booking, storing and supply of LPG to local MasterPlanforDelhi:
including population. 2021
bookingoffice
42 Multipurpose A premise having an enclosed space for various social and cultural MasterPlanforDelhi:
community activities. 2021
hall,barat
ghar
43 Municipal According to MSW Rules 2000, MSW includes commercial and ToolkitforSolidWaste
SolidWaste residentialwastesgeneratedinmunicipalornotifiedareasineither Management,Ministryof
solid or semisolid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but UrbanDevelopment,
includingtreatedbiomedicalwastes. 2012
44 NightShelter Apremisehavingthefacilityforprovidingthenightaccommodation MasterPlanforDelhi:
to individuals without any charges. It may be run by local 2021
governmentorvoluntaryagencies.
45 Nursing Apremisehavingmedicalfacilitiesforindoorandoutdoorpatients MasterPlanforDelhi:
Home/ having upto 50 beds. It may be managed by a doctor or a group of 2021
Maternity doctors. In case of polyclinic, it shall be managed by a group of
home/ doctors.
Polyclinic
46 OldAge A premise having the facility of caring and training boarding and MasterPlanforDelhi:
Home/Care lodgingoftheelderly/physically/mentallychallenged. 2021
Centrefor


Physically/
Mentally
Challenged
47 Observatory& A premise with facilities for research and development of data MasterPlanforDelhi:
Weather relatingtoweatherandforecastingthereof. 2021
Office
48 Orphanage A premise having the facility of boarding of children who are MasterPlanforDelhi:
bereavedofparents.Itmayormaynothaveeducationalfacilities. 2021
49 Park Apremiseusedforrecreational/leisureactivities.Itmayhaveonit StudyonZoning
related landscaping, parking facilities, public toilet, fencing etc. It Regulation,TCPO,2004
willincludelawns,openspaces,greenetc.
50 PlayGround A premise used for outdoor games. It may have on it landscaping, StudyonZoning
parkingfacilities,publictoilet,etc Regulation,TCPO,2004
51 Policefiring A premise having facilities for firing practice of the paramilitary MasterPlanforDelhi:
range forces. 2021
52 PoliceLine Anareahavingfacilitiesforworkandresidentialaccommodationof MasterPlanforDelhi:
paramilitaryforces. 2021
53 Policepost Apremisehavingfacilityforalocalpolicepostofatemporarynature MasterPlanforDelhi:
oronsmallerscaleascomparedtoapolicestation. 2021
54 Policestation Apremisehavingfacilitiesforofficesoflocalpolicepost. MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021
55 Policetraining Apremisehavingfacilitiesfortrainingofparamilitaryforces. MasterPlanforDelhi:
institute/ 2021
college
56 Primary Apremisehavingfacilitiesfortreatingindoorandoutdoorpatients MasterPlanforDelhi:
health havingupto1015beds.Itmaybemanagedbyapublicorcharitable 2021
centre/family institution on noncommercial basis. It includes family welfare
welfare centreandmaternityhome.
centre/
Diagnostic
Centre
57 Primary Apremisehavingeducationalandplayingfacilitiesforstudentsupto StudyonZoning
School Vstandard. Regulation,TCPO,2004
58 RadioandTV A premise with facilities for recording, broadcasting and StudyonZoning
Station transmissionofnewsandotherprogrammesthroughtherespective Regulation,TCPO,2004
medium. It may include some hostel accommodation for guest
artists,transmissionfacilitiesliketowers,etc.
59 RainWater Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of RainwaterHarvesting
Harvesting rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifers, before it is lost as Techniques,
surfacerunoff. MinistryOfWater
Resources
CentralGroundWater
Board,2003
60 Recreational A premise having the facility for recreation with indoor sports, MasterPlanforDelhi:
Club swimming pool, outdoor sports, socializing and gathering space for 2021
smallfunctionswithrestaurant.
61 RegionalMSW A Regional MSW Facility means a waste management facility or MunicipalSolidWaste
Facility/Mana systemofanykind(whetherinrelationtocollection,transportation, Managementona
gement treatment or disposal of MSW or a combination of any or all of RegionalBasis,Ministry
them),whichcollects,managesorreceivesordisposes(asthe case ofUrbanDevelopment
maybe)MSWfrommorethanoneAuthority.
62 RetailShop A premise for sale of commodities directly to consumer with StudyonZoning
necessarystorage Regulation,TCPO,2004
63 Researchand A premise providing facilities for research and development in any StudyonZoning
Development specificfield. Regulation,TCPO,2004
Center
64 Restaurant Apremiseusedforservingfooditemsoncommercialbasisincluding MasterPlanforDelhi:
cooking facilities. It may have covered or open space or both for 2021
sittingarrangement.


65 Street Any means of access, namely, highway, street lane, pathway, alley, NationalBuildingCode:
stairway,passageway,carriageway,footway,square,placeorbridge, 2005
whetherathoroughfareornot,overwhichthepublichavearightof
passageoraccessorhavepassedandhadaccessuninterruptedlyfor
aspecifiedperiod,whetherexistingorproposedinanyscheme,and
includes all bunds, channels, ditches, stormwater drains, culverts,
sidewalks,trafficislands,roadsidetreesandhedges,retainingwalls,
fences,barriersandrailingswithinthestreetlines.
66 Secondary Apremisehavingeducationalandplayingfacilitiesforstudentsfrom StudyonZoning
School VItoXstandard. Regulation,TCPO,2004
67 Senior Apremisehavingeducationalandplayingfacilitiesforstudentsfrom StudyonZoning

Secondary XtoXIIstandard. Regulation,TCPO,2004
School
68 Septage Thesettledsolidmatterinsemisolidconditionusuallyamixtureof AdvisoryNote:
solids and water settled at the bottom of septic tank. It has an SeptageManagement
offensiveodour,appearanceandishighinorganicsandpathogenic InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
microorganisms. 2013
69 Septictank An underground tank that treats wastewater by a combination of AdvisoryNote:

solidssettlingandanaerobicdigestion. SeptageManagement
InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
70 Sludge The settled solid matter in semisolid condition it is usually a AdvisoryNote:
mixtureofsolidsandwaterdepositedonthebottomofseptictanks, SeptageManagement
ponds,etc. InUrbanIndia,MoUD,
2013
71 Technical Apremisewithfacilitiesfortrainingindisciplineoftechnicalnature. MasterPlanforDelhi:
Training Itincludestechnicalschoolandindustrialtraininginstitute. 2021
Centre/
Institute,
Nursingand
Paramedic
Institute
72 Trafficand Apremiseoftemporarystructureshavingfacilitiesformanagingof MasterPlanforDelhi:
policecontrol trafficandlaw&orderrelatedissues. 2021
room
73 Transit Transit Oriented Development is essentially any development, UTTIPEC,Delhi
Oriented macroormicrothatisfocusedaroundatransitnode,andfacilitates DevelopmentAuthority,
Development complete ease of access to the transit facility, thereby inducing 2012
peopletoprefertowalkandusepublictransportationoverpersonal
modesoftransport.

74 Unaccounted Unaccountedfor Water (UFW) is the difference between the ManualonWaterSupply
forWater/ quantity of water supplied to a city's network and the metered andTreatment,CPHEEO,
NonRevenue quantityofwaterusedbythecustomers. 1999
Water
75 University Apremisehavinganeducationalinstitutiondesignedforinstruction, MasterPlanforDelhi:
Campus examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced 2021
learning, conferring degrees in various faculties, and often
embodyingcollegesandsimilarinstitutions.
76 Veterinary Apremisehavingmedicalfacilitiesforindoorandoutdoortreatment MasterPlanforDelhi:
hospitalfor ofpetanimalandbirds.Itmaybemanagedbyapublicorcharitable 2021
petanimal institutionoroncommunitybasis.
andbirds
77 Veterinary A premise having educational and playing facilities for students of MasterPlanforDelhi:
Institute undergraduate and post graduate in veterinary courses along with 2021
researchfacilitiesunderauniversity.
78 Weekly An area used once in a week by a group of informal shop MasterPlanforDelhi:
market establishmentsintheformofamarket.Thesemarketsshiftfromone 2021
areatoanotherondifferentdaysoftheweek.
79 Wholesale A premise from where goods and commodities are sold and StudyonZoning
Trade delivered to retailers. The premise includes storage, godown and Regulation,TCPO,2004
loading&unloadingfacilities.


Chapter10:SimplifiedDevelopmentPromotionRegulations
1 Clinic A premise with facilities for treatment of outdoor patients by a MasterPlanforDelhi:
doctor. 2021
2 FloorArea The quotient obtained by dividing the total covered area (plinth NationalBuildingCode:
Ratio(FAR) area)onallfloorsbytheareaoftheplot, 2005
FAR=Totalcoveredareaofthefloors/Plotarea
3 Group Housing for more than one dwelling unit, where land is owned NationalBuildingCode:
Housing jointly(asinthecaseofcooperativesocietiesorthepublicagencies, 2006
suchaslocalauthoritiesorhousingboards,etc)andtheconstruction
isundertakenbyoneagency.
4 Habitable Aroomoccupiedordesignedforoccupancybyoneormorepersons NationalBuildingCode:
Room forstudy,living,sleeping,eating,andkitchen,ifitisusedasaliving 2007
room, but not including bathrooms, watercloset compartments,
laundries, serving and store pantries, corridors, cellars, attics, and
spacesthatarenotusedfrequentlyorduringextendedperiods.
5 OpenSpaces Anarea,forminganintegralpartoftheplot,leftopentothesky. NationalBuildingCode:
2008
6 ParkingSpace Anareaenclosedorunenclosed,coveredoropen,sufficientinsizeto NationalBuildingCode:
park vehicles, together with a driveway connecting the parking 2009
spacewithastreetoralleyandpermittingingressandegressofthe
vehicles.
7 Postoffice Apremisewithfacilityforpostalcommunicationforpublicuse MasterPlanforDelhi:
2021&StudyonZoning
Regulation,TCPO,2004
8 Poultryfarm A premise with facility for rearing and processing of poultry MasterPlanforDelhi:
products.Itmayhavetemporarystructuresforshedsofbirds. 2021
9 Residential Residential accommodation for one family/ household as part of MasterPlanforDelhi:
Flat grouphousing. 2021
10 Residential Apremiseforoneormorethanonedwellingunitandmayhaveonit MasterPlanforDelhi:
plotHousing one main building block and one accessory block for garages and 2021
servicepersonnel.
11 Service A premise fully furnished, serviced and selfcontained with meal MasterPlanforDelhi:
Apartment preparationusedforshorttermcorporateandaccommodation 2021
12 Mumty A structure with a roof over a staircase and its landing built to NationalBuildingCode:
encloseonlythestairsforthepurposeofprovidingprotectionfrom 2005
weatherandnotusedforhumanhabitation
13 Towerlike Structures shall be deemed to be tower like structures when the NationalBuildingCode:
structures height of the tower like portion is at least twice the height of the 2005
broaderbaseatgroundlevel.
Source: Asgiven

AppendixCPPPModelsinexistingscenario
3 AppendixCPPPModelsinexistingscenario
3.1. Introduction
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is infusion of private capital and management in provision of
services that have traditionally been provided by the government. Adequate risk transfer from the
governmenttotheprivatesectorisakeyfeatureofPPPsalongwiththedeliveryofhighqualityand
costeffectiveservicestoconsumersandthegovernment1.
3.2. Existingscenario
Reforms of 1990 brought/started economic liberalisation in India. The role of government
underwent transformation from provider to facilitator as a result. Initially it was in the form of
privatisationbutafterfollowinginternationalexperiencesPPPwasintroducedinIndia.Thetendency
of the private sector to undervalue social infrastructure, and the large sunk costs associated with
providing much economic infrastructure, has been obstacle to privatization. Thus PPPs began to
emerge significantly as a means of obtaining private sector capital and management expertise for
infrastructure investment (both to carry on where privatization had left off and as an alternative
wheretherehadbeenobstaclestoprivatization).
IthasemergedasoneoftheleadingPPPmarketsintheworld,duetoseveralpolicyandinstitutional
initiativestakenbythecentralaswellasmanystategovernments.Overtheyearsanelaborateeco
system for PPPs has developed, including institutions, developers, financiers, equity providers,
policiesandprocedures2.
The growing role of PPP in India has led for the requirement of national policy. As a result
GovernmentofIndiain2011publishedadraftNationalPPPPolicywhichisunderpublicconsultation
currently.
3.3. PublicPrivatePartnership:AlternateDefinitions
GovernmentofIndia:
PPPmeansanarrangementbetweenagovernmentorstatutoryentityorgovernmentownedentity
ononesideandaprivatesectorentityontheother,fortheprovisionofpublicassetsand/orrelated
servicesforpublicbenefit,throughinvestmentsbeingmadeby and/ormanagementundertakenby
theprivatesectorentityforaspecifiedtimeperiod,wherethereisasubstantialrisksharingwiththe
private sector and the private sector receives performance linked payments that conform (or are
benchmarked)tospecified,predeterminedandmeasurableperformancestandards.
TheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF):
Publicprivate partnerships (PPPs) refer to arrangements where the private sector supplies
infrastructure assets and services that traditionally have been provided by the government. (IMF
2004,)
1 Sources: Public Private Partnership, IMF, 2004

2 Source: National PPP Policy 2011 - Draft for Consultation

TheWorldBank:
PPPprogramsareprojectsthatareforservicestraditionallyprovidedbythepublicsector,combine
investmentandserviceprovision,seesignificantrisksbeingbornebytheprivatesector,andalsosee
amajorroleforthepublicsectorineitherpurchasingservicesorbearingsubstantialrisksunderthe
project.(WorldBank2006)
TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB):
PPPs broadly refer to longterm, contractual partnerships between the public and private sector
agencies, specifically targeted towards financing, designing, implementing, and operating
infrastructurefacilitiesandservicesthatweretraditionallyprovidedbythepublicsector(ADB2006)
TheEuropeanUnion:
A PPP is the transfer to the private sector of investment projects that traditionally have been
executedorfinancedbythepublicsector(EuropeanCommission2003).
3.4. PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)inIndia
PPP in India has evolved in the past decade and several projects of PPP have been completed in
infrastructure sector apart from residential/commercial development and these can be considered
forunderstandingthecriticalaspectsofsuchprojectimplementationinfuture.
Someofthecasestudiesareasfollow:
1. AlandurUndergroundSewerageProject
2. TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMunicipalSolidWasteManagementProject
3. HyderabadMetro
4. VadodaraHalolTollRoad
Theseprojectswereconsideredowingtothekeylearningandobservationsderivedfromthem,some
tobeemulatedandotherstobemitigated.Eachofthecasestudiesbelongstodifferentsectors.
AlandurUndergroundSewerageProject:
TheAlandurSewerageProject(ASP)wasinitiatedintheyear1996.TheASPwasthefirstprojectin
the municipal water sector to be taken through the Public Private Partnership route in India. The
proposedseweragesystemwastobedesignedfortheestimatedpopulationofabout300,000in2027
andwasplannedtobecompletedwithinafiveyearperiodfromitsinceptiondate.
Alandur Municipality (AM), located adjacent to Chennai, forms a part of the Chennai Metropolitan
Area.Withapopulationofaround165,000(CensusofIndia,2011),themunicipalityisaresidential
suburb of Chennai with predominantly residential and commercial activities. Approximately one
fourthofitspopulationlivesinslums.Priorto1996,thetowndidnothaveanundergroundsewerage
system and all sewage was managed with individual septic tanks. In 1996, AM announced an
ambitiousplantoconstructanundergroundseweragesystemandwastewatertreatmentfacilitywith
theparticipationoftheprivatesector,contributionfromthe public,andpaymenttobeprovidedby
thecity.

TheAlandurMunicipalityworkedinpartnershipwiththeTamilNaduUrbanInfrastructureFinancial
Services Limited (TNUIFSL), the state asset management company and with USAIDs Financial
InstitutionReformandExpansion(FIRE)Project.
TheconstructionoftheundergroundseweragesysteminAlandur townwasdoneonaBOQ(Billof
Quantities) basis, and the sewerage treatment plant (STP) on a BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer)
basis. Besides the construction responsibility, the contractor was also required to undertake the
operation and maintenance of the sewerage system for a period of five years from the date of
completion of the construction, on a fixed fee basis. The collection of tariff and provision of new
connectionsduringtheO&Mphasewastobeundertakenbythemunicipalitydirectly.Keyfeaturesof
theprojectaregivenbelow:
Table3.1: AlandurSewerageProjectDetails
AlandurUndergroundSewerageProject
PPPProjectStructure& O&MContract(5Years)
ConcessionPeriod BOTAnnuity(14Years)
StateandyearPPP TamilNadu
contractsigned 2005
ProjectCost INR41.28Crore
SalientFeatures The construction of the underground sewerage system in Alandur town, involving
thelayingofpipes,constructionofpumpingstation,etc.,wasdoneonaBOQ(Billof
Quantities)basis,andtheSewerageTreatmentPlant(STP)onaBOT(Build,Operate
andTransfer)basis.
Besides the construction responsibility, the contractor was also required to
undertake the operation and maintenance of the sewerage system for a period of
fiveyearsfromthedateofcompletionoftheconstruction,onafixedfeebasis.
ThecollectionoftariffandprovisionofnewconnectionsduringtheO&Mphasewas
tobeundertakenbythemunicipalitydirectly
KeyLearning Beneficiaryparticipatoryapproach
Stakeholderinvolvementandinterdepartmentalcoordination
Politicalwillandstrongdecisionmaking,especiallyatthegrassrootlevel
Acceptanceoffiscaldiscipline
Implementinganeffectivefeesystem
AssurancesonpaymenttothePrivateSectorParticipant
Accesstofinanceforthemunicipality
Technicalandfinancialassistancefromotherinstitutions
Transparencyinbiddingandcontractingprocedures
Source: PublicPrivatePartnershipProjectsinIndia,CompendiumofCaseStudies,DepartmentofEconomicAffairs,Ministry
ofFinance,GovernmentofIndia
PublicPrivatePartnershipProjectsinIndia,CompendiumofCaseStudies,DepartmentofEconomic
Affairs,MinistryofFinance,GovernmentofIndia
TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMunicipalSolidWasteManagementProject
Delhigenerates7,000metrictonnes(MT)ofMunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)daily,whichisexpectedto
increase to 18,000 MT by 2021. The present landfill sites that are being utilized for disposing the
garbageareapproachingtheirfullcapacity.MunicipalCorporationofDelhi(MCD)hasthusembarked
onaprojecttoreducetheamountofMSWbeingdisposedinthelandfillsitesandutilizingthewaste
forproductivepurposessuchasgenerationofpowerfromwaste.MCDhasidentifiedtwolocations,
namelyTimarpurandOkhla,forimplementingthisproject.TheprojecthasbeenundertakenonBuilt,
Own,OperateandTransfer(BOOT)basis.

The project is registered with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to earn 2.6 million Certified Emission
Reductions(CERs)overatenyearperiod.
Table3.2: TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMSWMProjectdetails
TimarpurOkhlaIntegratedMunicipalSolidWasteManagementProject
PPP Project Structure & BOOT(25Years)
ConcessionPeriod
State and year PPP Delhi
contractsigned 2008
ProjectCost INR200Crore
SalientFeatures Infrastructure included plants for converting MSW to Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), capable of
processing1300TPDatOkhlaand650TPDatTimarpur,abiomethanationplantcapableof
handlingof100TPDofgreenwasteatOkhla,awaterrecoveryplantcapableofhandlingupto
6MLDoftreatedsewageattheOkhlasiteforrecyclingintoprocesswaterandcoolingwater
andaPowerplantwithagenerationcapacityof16MWatOkhla
ThesalientfeaturesincludedSolidandliquidwastecanbetreatedinthesamecomplex.The
treatment process is well integrated in terms of inputs and output. The complex generates
compostandmethanefromtheBiomethanationprocess,fuelfromtheRDFplantandpower
fromtheRDFfluffandmethane.
KeyLearning ProjectPreparedness
GovernmentSupport
InnovativeUseofTechnology
ConsumerEducation
HyderabadMetro
Hyderabad is a growing city that covers 625 square kilometres of municipal corporation area and
6,852 square kilometres of metropolitan area. The burgeoning population has put Hyderabads
transportation system under immense pressure. To address this need, the Government of Andhra
Pradesh(GoAP)hasplannedaMassRapidTransitsystem(MRTS)coveringthreehightrafficdensity
corridors of Hyderabad. The project is planned to be developed on a PPP basis through the Build
OperateTransfer(BOT)mode.
Hyderabad Metro Rail Ltd, a fully owned Public Sector Undertaking of GoAP is currently
implementingtheHyderabadMetroRailProject.Theprojectistobedevelopedunderaconcession
agreement on BOT basis. Under the concession agreement, the operator has to design, finance,
construct,operate,andmaintainthe3corridorsandtransfertheassetsattheendoftheconcession
period.
Table3.3: HyderabadMetroDetails
HyderabadMetroProject
PPPProjectStructure& BOT(35Years)
ConcessionPeriod
StateandyearPPP AndhraPradesh
contractsigned 2008
SalientFeatures Undertheconcessionagreement,theoperatorhastodesign,finance,construct,operate,and
maintainthe3corridorsandtransfertheassetsattheendoftheconcessionperiod.
In addition, the operator would also have access to the commercial development of land
availableatthedepots(212acres)and10%ofthecarpetareaofthestationsitesidentifiedin
the concession agreement. This aggregates to a cumulative maximum of 12.5 million square
feet in the case of depots and a cumulative maximum of 6 million square feet in the case of
stations.

HyderabadMetroProject
The SPV would also be allowed to undertake real estate development over the parking and
circulationareasatstations.
KeyLearning RealEstateDevelopmentalongwithmetroproject
TransferofTrafficRisk
CreationofRightofWay
IssuesofPromoterBacking
VadodaraHalolTollRoad
VHTR was an initiative commissioned as a part of the Vision 2010 an infrastructure master plan
developedbytheGovernmentofGujarat(GoG).Theprojectinvolvedwideningandstrengtheningof
32 kilometres (km) of the existing twolane State Highway (SH 87) connecting Vadodara to the
industrialtownofHalolintoafourlanetolledexpressway.
The Vadodara Halol Toll Road (VHTR) was one of the first State Highway widening projects
developedonaPublicPrivatePartnershipbasisinIndiaandithassubsequentlypavedthewayfora
largenumberofprojectstobeundertakenonasimilarformatinGujaratandtherestofIndia.
TheVHTRprojectisdevelopedundertheBuilt,Own,OperateandTransfer(BOOT)basis.
Table3.4: VadodaraHalolTollRoadDetails
VadodaraHalolTollRoadProject
PPP Project Structure & BOOT(30Years)
ConcessionPeriod
State and year PPP Gujarat
contractsigned 1998
SalientFeatures Undertheconcessionagreement,constructionaspectsincludeddesignandcompletionofthe
road, including the pavement, cross drainage system, bridges, toll facilities, medians,
separators,roadfurniture,andhorticulturalaspects.
The O&M aspects included the toll collection, operating the toll plaza, traffic regulation and
maintenanceofthefacility.Italsoincludesspecialmaintenanceactivitiessuchaseliminating
potholesinthepavements,replacingdrainagestructures,roadmarkingsandsignage,cleaning
lanes, shoulders, rightofway strips, structures, maintaining operational installations and
drainagefacilities.
KeyLearning Thecriticalityofpredevelopmentmarketassessment
Competitivebiddingcanensureabetterdeal
Needtocreateabalancedriskreturnprofile
ConflictsofInterestshouldbeidentifiedearlyandavoided
InnovativeFinancingMechanisms
Environmentallyandsociallyresponsivedevelopmentframework





AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedinstitutes
4 AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedInstitutes
Table4.1: ListofInstitutesofferingvariouscoursesinTownPlanningandrecognisedbyITPI
Sr.No. State Institute
1 Punjab GuruRamdasSchoolofPlanning,Amritsar
2 Haryana AmityUniversity*,Gurgaon
3 NCTDelhi SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture,NewDelhi
InstituteofTownPlanners,India
4 Uttarakhand IndianInstituteofTechnology,Roorkee
5 UttarPradesh GautamBudhUniversity*,GreaterNOIDA
AmityUniversity*,NOIDA
6 MadhyaPradesh MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology(MANIT),Bhopal

SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture,Bhopal
7 UttarPradesh GautamBudhUniversity*,GreaterNOIDA
AmityUniversity*,NOIDA
8 MadhyaPradesh MaulanaAzadNationalInstituteofTechnology(MANIT),Bhopal
SchoolofPlanningandArchitecture,Bhopal
9 Jharkhand BIT*,Mesra,Ranchi
10 WestBengal IIT,Kharagpur
BengalEngineeringandScienceUniversity,Shibpur
11 Bihar NIT,Patna
12 Gujarat CEPTUniversity,Ahmedabad
SardarVallabhbhaiPatelNationalInstituteofTechnology,Surat
BhaiKakaCentreforHumanSettlements,ArvindBhaiPatelInstituteof
EnvironmentalDesign,VallabhVidhyanagar
13 Maharashtra GovernmentCollegeofEngineering,Pune
VishvesharaiyaNationalInstituteofTechnology,Nagpur
14 Rajasthan MalviyaNationalInstituteofTechnology*
15 AndhraPradesh JNTU,Hyderabad
SchoolofPlanning&Architecture,Vijaywada
16 Karnataka InstituteofDevelopmentStudies,Mysore
17 TamilNadu SchoolofArchitecture&Planning,Chennai
18 Kerala CollegeofEngineering,Thiruvananthapuram
Source:PlanningandDevelopment,2025:ProfessionalandAcademicChallenges,TCPO
*ApplicantsunderrecognitionprocessbyITPI


AppendixDListofITPIrecognisedinstitutes


AppendixEBiodiversityIndexIndicator
5 AppendixEBiodiversityIndexIndicator
Table5.1: BiodiversityIndexIndicators
S.No. Indicators Calculation ScoreRange
1 ProportionofNatural (TotalAreaofNaturalAreas)(Total 0point:<1%
Areasinthecity AreaoftheCity)100 1point:1%6%
2points:7%13%
3points:14%20%
4points:>20%
2 Connectivitymeasuresor (1/Atotal)(A12+A22+A32++ 1point<0.787
ecologicalnetworksto An2) 2points0.7870.883
counterhabitat
fragmentation 3points0.8840.979
4points>0.979
3 Nativebirdspeciesinbuilt Numberofbirdspeciesinbuiltup 1point<10
upareas(otherthan areas 2points1123
naturalareas)
3points2453
4points>53
4 Changeinnumberof Netchangeinnumberofnativespecies 1point:Nolossofspecies
nativespecies3 2points:1speciesincrease
3points:2speciesincrease
4points:3speciesormoreincrease
5 Proportionofnatural (Areaofprotectedorsecurednatural N.A.
protectedareas areas)(Totalareaofthecity)100
6 Proportionofinvasive (Numberofinvasivealienspecies) 0point:>30%
alienspeciesofvascular (Numberofnativespecies)100 1point:21%30%
plants(asopposedto
nativespecies) 2points:11%20%
3points:1%10%
4points<1%
7 Regulationofquantityof (Totalpermeablearea)(Total 1point<0.307
water terrestrialareaofthecity) 2points0.3070.4785
3points0.47860.65
4points>0.65
8 Climateregulation:carbon (Treecanopycover)(Total 1point<0.07454
storageandcoolingeffect terrestrialareaofthecity)100 2points0.074540.160
ofvegetation
3points0.1600.339
4points>0.339
9 Treecanopycoveron TreeCountandTreeCoverMapping N.A.
terrestrialsarea
10 Recreationaland (ParksAreawithnaturalareasand 0point:<0.1ha/1000persons
educationservices(areas protectedorsecurednaturalareas) 1point:0.10.3ha/1000persons
ofparkwithnaturalareas 1000persons
andprotectedorsecured 2points:0.40.6ha/1000persons
naturalareasper1000 3points:0.70.9ha/1000persons
persons) 4points:>0.9ha/1000persons
11 Recreationaland Numberofvisitsperyear 0point:0formaleducationalvisit/year
educationservices 1point:1formaleducationalvisit/year
(Numberofformal
educationalvisitperchild 2points:2formaleducationalvisit/
perpark) year
3points:3formaleducationalvisit/
year
4points:>3formaleducationalvisit/
year4
3 Indicators 4-8 (Vascular plants, Birds, Butterflies, Reptiles, Freshwater fish)


12 Budgetallocationfor (Amountspentonbiodiversityrelated 1point<0.74
biodiversity administration)(Totalbudgetof 2points0.742.50
city)
3points2.514.26
4points>4.26
13 Numberofbiodiversity Numberofbiodiversityprojects 1point<4
projectsimplementedin implementedinthecityperyear 2points49
thecityperyear
3points1014
4points>14
14 Rules,regulationsand Existenceoflocalbiodiversitystrategy 0point:NoLBSAP
policyexistenceoflocal andactionplan(LBSAP),National 1point:LBSAPnotalignedwithNBSAP
biodiversitystrategyand BiodiversityStrategyandActionPlan
actionplan (NBSAP) 2points:LBSAPincorporateselements
ofNBSAP,butdoesnotincludeanyCBD
initiatives
3points:LBSAPincorporateselements
ofNBSAP,andincludes13CBD
initiatives
4points:LBSAPincorporateselements
ofNBSAP,andincludesmorethan4
CBDinitiatives
15 Institutionalcapacity Numberofessentialbiodiversity 1point:1function
Essentialbiodiversity relatedfunctionsincludesbiodiversity 2points:2function
relatedfunction centres,botanicalgardens,herbaria,
zoologicalgardensormuseums, 3points:3function
insectariums,etc. 4points:>3function
16 Institutionalcapacity Numberofcityorlocalgovernment 0point:1or2agenciescooperateon
InterAgencyCooperation agenciesinvolvedininteragency biodiversitymatters
corporationpertainingtobiodiversity 1point:3agenciescooperateon
matters biodiversitymatters
2points:4agenciescooperateon
biodiversitymatters
3points:5agenciescooperateon
biodiversitymatters
4points:Morethan5agencies
cooperateonbiodiversitymatters
17 Participationand Existenceandstateofformalor 0point:Noroutineorinformalprocess
partnership:public informalpublicconsultationprocess 1point:Formalorinformalprocess
consultationprocess pertainingtothebiodiversityrelated beingconsideredaspartoftheroutine
matters process
2points:Formalorinformalprocess
beingplannedaspartoftheroutine
process
3points:Formalorinformalprocessin
theprocessofbeingimplementedas
partoftheroutineprocess
4points:Formalorinformalprocess
existsaspartoftheroutineprocess
18 Participationand Numberofinstitutionalpartnerships 0point:Noformal/informal
partnership:Institutional partnership
partnership 1point:Cityinpartnershipwith16
othernationalorsubnationalagencies/
privatecompany/NGO/academic
institutions/international
organizations
2points:Cityinpartnershipwith712
organizations


3points:Cityinpartnershipwith1319
organizations
4points:Cityinpartnershipwith20or
moreothernationalorsubnational
agencies/privatecompany/NGO/
academicinstitutions/international
organizations
19 Isbiodiversityornature BasedonthequeryIsbiodiversityor 0point:Biodiversityorelementsofit
awarenessincludedinthe natureawarenessisincludedinthe arenotcoveredintheschool
schoolcurriculum? schoolcurriculum? curriculum
1point:Biodiversityorelementsofit
arebeingconsideredforinclusioninthe
schoolcurriculum
2points:Biodiversityorelementsofit
arebeingplannedforinclusioninthe
schoolcurriculum
areintheprocessofbeingimplemented
intheschoolcurriculum
areincludedintheschoolcurriculum
20 Educationandawareness: Numberofnaturalawarenessand 0point:0outreachevents/year
publicawarenessevents Biodiversityeventsinthecity 1point:159outreachevents/year
2points:60149outreachevents/year
3points:150300outreachevents/year
4points:>300outreachevents/year
Source:GreaterHyderabadCityBiodiversityIndex,GreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporation,2012





AppendixFTransportSurveyFormat
6 AppendixFTransportSurveyFormat
6.1. ReviewofExistingStudies,ReportsandPlans
Nameofstudies/reports/Plans MajorProblems/Issuesaddressed MajorStrategies MajorProposedProjects/Plans

Essential/ITEMA(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Optional/ITEM(ItalicFont)

6.2. OngoingandPlannedProjects
Description:Ongoing,plannedandproposedprojectsintheexistingreportsorstudies,oridentifiedbyrelevantagencies,shouldbesummarizedandlisted.
SurveyMethods:Literaturereviewandinterviewsurveywithrelevantagencies
ProjectStatus
Brief Ongoing/ D/DStage OnPipelineor
Project/ Cost Implementing Waiting Planning
description Completed under (Fund some NoProgress
Programme Estimation Agency Fund (F/S)Stage
ofproject construction Committed) movement

Essential/ITEMA(Bold
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Optional/ITEM(Italic
Font)

6.3. OutlineofRoadNetwork
MetropolitanArea MunicipalArea CityCore
RoadLength NationalHighwaylength(km)
StateHighwaylength(km)
OtherArterialRoadlength(km)
SecondaryRoadlength(km)

RoadDensitybyroadtype RoadDensityofArterialRoad(km/km2)
RoadDensityofallroads(km/km2)

MajorRoadInfrastructure NumberofRotaries
NumberofsignalisedIntersections
NumberofFlyovers

NumberofRailwayOverbridge
NumberofRailwaysUnderpass

NumberofRailwayRailwayLevelcrossing
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.4. InventoryofArterialRoadNetwork
Remarks
Parking
Widthof Traffic Abutting Road encroachment
Nameof Length Rightof No.of Widthof regulations
Section carriageway volume Land surface Existenceof
Road (km) Way(M) Lanes Footpath along
(M) (PCU/Day) use (G/F/P)* roadway
roadway
hazards,etc.
From To Left Right

*G:GOOD,F:FAIR,
P:POOR
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)

6.5. InventoryofFlyoversandUnderpasses
NameofFlyover/ Location/directionof Widthoffootpath TrafficVolume
Length(m) Width(m) No.ofLanes
Underpass flyover/underpass (m) (PCU/Day)
Left Right

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.6. InventoryofMajorIntersections
Traffic
Existenceof Existenceofintersection
Inflow control Existence
GeometricCharacteristics TrafficCalming hazards(suchasobstructed
Traffic devices of
NameofIntersections (shapeofintersections, Measures(such signals/signs,unregulated
Volume (suchas pedestrian
numberoflanesetc.) asrumble intersectionsthatareunsafefor
(PCI/Day) signalized crosswalks
strips,etc.) pedestrians,etc.)
etc.)

Note:Criticalintersectionsshouldbeidentifiedandinventoried,inparticularthoseintersectionsthatareimportantfromtheviewpointofthe
entireroadnetworkorthatareheavilycongested.Itisanticipatedthatapproximately1030intersectionswillbeselected.Availabletraffic
countsshouldbeincludedorreferencedandtherequirementforneworupdatedsurveysidentified.
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.7. InventoryofParkingFacilities
Thenumberof Occupancyrate Conditionof
OwnershipoffacilityPublic Parking Typeofrestriction
Location parkingspaces/ duringpeak street
/Private/Informal Tafiff (e.g.foronstreet)
vehicletypes hours markings

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.8. InventoryofTrafficControlFacilities
MetropolitanArea MunicipalArea CityCore
Numberoftrafficsignals
Existenceofareatrafficcontrolsystem
Typeofsignaloperation(automaticormanualby
Police)

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.9. InventoryofPedestrianFacilities
Typeoffacility Existing Adequat
Locatio Continuit Clear
(footpath, Length Widthof Safet Comfor Convenienc Obstruction pavement e
n yofthe marking
overpass, (m) footpath y t e s(ifany) conditions drainage
(street) walkway s
underpass) ) facilities
Lef Righ
t t

font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)

Note:Safety,ComfortandConvenienceberatedas1(poor),2(fair),3(partiallygood),4(good)and5(verygood).
6.10. InventoryofNMVFacilities
Existenceof Adequacyof
parking NMVand
Typeoffacilities Adequacy
Existing Adequate restrictions Pedestrianand
Location (NMVPath, Obstructions Clear ofsignage
Description pavement drainage tosafeguard VehicleFlow
(street) Overpass, (ifany) markings /
conditions facilities pedestrian Separation
underpass) signaling
rightofway (suchason
etc. streetlanesetc.)

Essential/ITEMA
(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)

6.11. InventoryofLevelCrossings
Total
Number
Traffic Road Total Average number Averagenumberof
Location Number of
TVU volume width timeof timeof of stoppedvehicles
(street) ofLanes closures
(vehicle/day) (m) closures closures stopped perclosures
perday
vehicle

Essential/ITEMA
(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Optional/ITEM
(ItalicFont)

6.12. AvailabilityofPublicTransportTypes/ParaTransitModes
CityCore UrbanArea SuburbanArea
(Availableornot
available)
Intercitybus
LargeBus
MiniBus
Taxi
AutoRickshaws
CycleRickshaws
HandpullRickshaws
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.13. InventoryofBusOperation,Maintenance,andEconomicandProductivityIndicators
BusOperationand EconomicandProductivity
Maintenance Indicators
Passengers Costfor Passenger Passenger
Typical
Bus Vehicle Vehicle Service Service pervehicle employeeper Costof Passenger comfortand comfort
route
operator loads headways period reliability houror vehiclehour recovery transfers safety andsafety
speeds
vehiclekm orvehiclekm (F) (M)

font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)

Outlineof
Bus
Operation
Typeofoperator
Numberof Operating
(Public,Private, Number Numberof
vehicletype Numberof vehicle
BusOperator orAssociationof ofbus bus Farestructure
bybus busroutes distance
independent stops terminals
drivers (vehiclekm)
drivers)
Special
schemes(for
Off Peak
students,
hours hours
elderly,
womenetc.)

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.14. InventoryofParaTransit
Operatin
g Typeof
Cost Averag Jurisdictiona License
distance Condition ownershi
Numberof Numberoftypeof Far Revenu (operatin eageof lareasof feesand
and sof pand
Operators registeredvehicles e e gand vehicle operators(if franchis
hours vehicles degreeof
fixed) s any) ecosts)
(kmand regulation
hour)

font)
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.15. InventoryofMajorIntermodalInterchanges
Determinationof Numberof Availabilityof
Numberof Numberof
Nameof Layout capacityand dailyand Number loadingbirths
hourly/daily transport
Interchange Location andsizeof geometric hourly ofloading toaccept
vehicle operators
facilities facilities characteristicsof (peak) births variousbus
movements houses
pedestrianwalkways passengers types

Essential/ITEM
A(Boldfont)
Preferable(ITEM
B)
Optional/ITEM
(ItalicFont)

6.16. SummaryofTrafficAccidents
5yearsago 4yearsago 3yearsago 2yearsago 1yearago
Totalnumberofaccidents
involvingpedestrians
involvingcyclists
Involvingcars
Involvingbuses

Numberofinjuredordead
Numberofdead
Numberofinjured

Identificationofhazardouslocations

Majoraccidentcauses

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.17. SummaryofEnforcement
MunicipalityArea MetropolitanArea
NumberofTrafficPolice

ExistingTrafficRegulations

Costsandtypesofviolations
Finesfortrafficviolations

Numberofpolicetrapactivities

Mannerofenforcement

Organizationalstructureofenforcementbody

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.18. InventoryofAgencies/OrganizationsRelatingtoUrbanTransport
Functionand Relationship Profitabilityand
Organization Number Annual
Nameofagency/department responsibilityof toother financialsustainability
chart ofstaffs Budget
agency/department agency (onlyforoperators)
StateGovernment
TransportDepartment
PublicWorksDepartment
RegionalTransportAuthority
StateTransportCompany
Municipality
MetropolitanDevelopment
Authority
StateGovernment
TransportDepartment
BusOperators
AssociationsofRickshawsorTaxis
FerryOperators
Otherrelevantagencies(ifany)

font)
Preferable(ITEMB)
Font)

6.19. AssessmentofPlanning,ImplementationandCoordinationCapacity
Assessment
PlanningandImplementationCapacity:
Staffingcapacityforurbantransportplanning
Datacapturecapabilitye.g.systemsforperiodictrafficdata
collection
Financialresourcestoimplementplannedtransportation
projects
ExperienceinPublicPrivatePartnerships(PPP)

CoordinationCapability:
Controloversmallprivatedevelopersinplanningsupporting
infrastructure
Systemsorprocessestointegratetransportandurbanplanning
agencies
Systemsorprocesstointegratelanduseplanswithtransport
plans
Roleandimpactofworkers/transportoperatorsunions
DivisionofdutiesbetweenStateGovernmentandUrbanLocal
Bodies(ULB)
PlanningandImplementationCapacity:

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.20. InventoryEnvironmentalMonitoringData
Standard Location1 Location2 Location3 Location4 Location5
AmbientforAirQualityData
NOX
SOX
Pb
Noise
WaterQuality

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.21. TypicalUrbanTransportIssues
Issue Severity
TrafficCongestion
CityWideTrafficCongestion
TrafficCongestiononMajorRoadsatPeakHours
NarrowStreetsContributingtoCongestion
WaitingorParkedVehiclesContributingtoCongestion
SlowVehicles(Bicycle,CycleRickshaw,AutoRickshaw,Twowheeler)
ContributingtoCongestion

ExistingBusSystem
Lackof(Public)BusOperator
LackofBusRoutes(i.e.busroutesarefarfromresidence/commercialarea)
LackofBusVehicles
PoorMaintenanceofPubliclyOperatedBusVehicles(e.g.levelofbreakdownsandpollution
generation
PoorMaintenanceofPrivatelyOperatedBusVehicles
ProliferationofDisorganizedPrivateBusServices(includingminibuses)
LowProfitabilityofBusOperators
LackofBusDriverTraining

Parking
MajorStreetsaretooNarrowforParking
ProblemsCausedbyParkingofPrivateVehicles
ProblemsCausedbyParking/WaitingofRickshawsandAutoRickshaws
LackofParkingAreasatStation/BusTerminals
LackofLandforOffStreetParkingLots
LackofRegulationsforParkingMeasures(includingdevelopmentcontrolstandards)

Issue Severity
ParkingPolicyandGuidelines

Safety
VehicleVehicleAccidents
AccidentsInvolvingPedestrians
AccidentsInvolvingCyclists
AccidentsInvolvingAuto/CycleRickshaws
LevelofDriverEducationTraining/Licensing
Lackofapproachtomakewomen'stravelbyPublicTransportandNMTsafer,affordable,
comfortableandconvenient.

Enforcement
EnforcementofIllegalTrafficMovementsorSpeeding
EnforcementofIllegalTrafficParking
EnforcementofUnlicensedPrivateVehicleMotorists
EnforcementofIllegalBus/ParaTransitOperators
LackofEnforcementResources(trafficpoliceandequipment)

Environmental
AirPollution
TrafficNoise

PlanningandImplementationCapacity
GuidanceforMakingCityTransportPolicy/Plans
CityMasterPlansDoNotReflectActualSituationontheGround
LackofSufficientUrbanTransportPlannerswithintheCityGovernment
CityOfficialsDealingwithTransportPlanningLackExperienceorTraininginTransportPlanning
LackofDataCollectionCapabilitye.g.PeriodicalTrafficSurveys(inc.trafficvolumesurvey)

Issue Severity
LackofFinancialResourcestoImplementPlannedTransportationProjects
LackofKnowledgeofPublicPrivatePartnerships(PPP)
Lackofunderstandingofthegenderedaspectsoftravel
Lackofgenderspecifictransportdata
LackofwomenUrbanTransportPlannersatmidandseniorlevelswithincitygovernment.

CoordinationCapability
SmallPrivateDevelopersDoNotMakeStrategicProvisionforTransportInfrastructure
TransportandUrbanPlanningAgenciesDoNotCoordinateorIntegratePlansandProcesses
LandUsePlansareNotCoordinatedwithTransportPlans
Workers/TransportOperatorsUnionsObstructImprovements
DivisionofDutiesbetweenStateGovernmentandUrbanLocalBodies(ULB)isNotClear

Transport/TrafficRegulations
Bus/Paratransit(AutoRickshaw,CycleRickshaw)OperatorsareNotAdequatelyRegulated
ParaTransitVehiclesareNotAdequatelyRegulated

6.22. PopulationandSocioeconomicSituation
MetropolitanArea MunicipalityArea Ward1 Ward2 Ward3 Ward4
Population
Numberandsizeofhousehold
Populationgrowthtrend
Populationdensity
Male Female Total Male Female Total
NumberofWorkersbycategory
MainWorkers
Cultivator
Agriculture
Labour
HouseholdIndustry
Others
MarginalWorkers
NonWorkers
AveragePersonalIncome
AverageHouseholdIncome
font)
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.23. VehicleOwnershipData
Totalin Totalin Ward Ward Ward Ward

MetropolitanArea MunicipalityArea 1 2 3 4
NumberofRegisteredVehiclesbyType
PassengerVehicle
SmallPassengerVehicle
SmallTruck
HeavyTruck
AutoRickshaws
CycleRickshaws
Buses
MiniBus
Motorcycles(twowheeler)

Numberofusers
Male Female Total
NumberofhouseholdshavingBicycle
NumberofhouseholdshavingScooter,
Motorcycle,Mope
NumberofhouseholdshavingCar,Jeep,
Van
NumberofLicensedDriversbyLicense
Type

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.24. TrafficCountSurveys(ScreenLineSurveyandCordonSurvey)
Date/Month/
Location: Section(To/From): Year:
CountStationNo.: Direction: Day:
RoadName&No.:
PassengerVehicles GoodVehicles GrandTotal

Heavy Heavy
Fast LightFast Slow Fast LightFast Total
Mini 2 3
Bus Bus Car Wheel Wheel Cycle Others Total Truck LCV Others
67AM
78AM
89AM
1011AM
1112AM
121PM
12PM
23PM
34PM
45PM
56PM

6.25. TrafficCountSurvey(IntersectionTurningMovementSurvey)
Date/Month/
Location: DirectionFrom: Year:
RightTurn/Straight/Left
CountStationNo.: Direction: Turn: Day:
RoadName&No.:
Grand
PassengerVehicles GoodVehicles Total
Heavy Tota
Fast LightFast Slow HeavyFast LightFast l
Mini 2 3 Cycl Other Other
Bus Bus Car Wheel Wheel e s Total Truck LCV s
67AM
78AM
89AM
1011
AM
1112
AM
121PM
12PM
23PM
34PM
45PM
56PM
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.26. QueueLengthSurvey
Queuelength ReadinginMeters Hour ElapseTime
Sequenceofreading* Queuelength(m) (hr.) (min.) (Sec.) (Sec.)

*G=StartofGreen,R=StartofRed,ZS=StartofZeroQueue,ZE=EndofZeroQueue
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.27. TravelSpeedandTimeSurvey
NameofRoad: From: To:
From
Km: ToKm: No.ofTrip:

Date:
Time:
Sl.No. Distance Control FirstStopWatch SecondStopWatch CauseofDelay

Km M Points JourneyTime DelayTime
Min. Sec. Min. Sec.

Preferable(ITEMB)

6.28. HouseholdODSurvey
Household
Summary
Date:/ Sample
Day: Enumerator: No.:

1.
Address 2.HeadoftheHousehold:
3.NumbersofFamily
Members
Passenger 2 Aut Other
4.VehiclesOwned: Car Wheeler Bicycle o s
5Years
Ago
Present
5.DetailsofHouseholdMembers:
MonthlyIncome(Rs.) MonthlyExporton
Availabili
Transport(Rs.) Working
tyof
/School
Member Sex Ag Occupatio Prese 5Years Driver
5Yearsago Present Location
No. (M/F) e n* nt ago License
*Occupation,1Govt.Service,2Pvt.Service,3Business,4Student,5Housewife,6RetiredPerson,7Unemployed
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.29. HouseholdODSurvey
TripSummary
6.Detailsofeachtrip
Sl. Wheredidthis Wheredidthis
MemberNo.1 TrafficMode2 No.invehicle Trippurpose4 TravelTime Travelcost
No. tripbegin3 tripend3

Note: 1Referringtothenumbersdescribedin5.DetailsofHouseholdMembers
21Bus,2MiniBus,3Car,4Twowheeler(motorcycle).5Threewheeler(Autorickshaw),6Bicycle,7Railway,8
Walk
3Putzonenumber
41Goingtowork,2Goingtoschool,3Goinghome,4Shopping,5Leisure,and6Business
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.30. RoadsideODSurvey
Direction(inboundor No.of Wheredidthistrip Wheredidthis
Sl.No. Time TrafficMode2 Trippurpose3
outbound) Passenger begin?2 tripend?2

Note:1 1Bus,2MiniBus,3Car,4Twowheeler,(motorcycle),5Threewheeler(Autorickshaw),6Bicycle,7Railways,8walk
2 Putzonetogether
3 1Goingtowork,2Goingtoschool,3Goinghome,4Shopping,5Leisureand6Business
Preferable(ITEMB)

6.31. PublicTransportandFreightVehicleMovementSurvey
Wheredidthis Wheredidthis Numberofpassengers
Sl.No. NameofCompany Location Parkinglocation Vehicletype
tripbegin?1 tripend?1 orTypeofCargo

Note: 1Putzonenumber
Preferable(ITEMB)

AppendixGStandardLayoutofMap
7 AppendixGStandardLayoutofMap
7.1. Introduction
Thelayoutofmapshouldfacilitateconvenientreadingofthemapandlocationofessentialinformation
asgivenbelow:
Margin
Atrimmingmarginof10mmallaroundorthepurposeoftrimmingandedgebinding.
A second margin with thick firm line indicating the outer limits of the drawing. Such margin of
filingedgecouldbe25mmwhileonotherthreesidesitcouldbe15mmforallsizesofmaps.
Title
Thetitleofthemapshouldbeasshortaspossibleandshouldincludethegeneraltitleaswellassub
title.Sizeoflettersusedforthesubtitlesshouldbegenerallyonetotwosizessmallerthanthesizeof
lettersusedforthemaintitle.
Normally,thetitleblockshouldcontainthefollowingparticulars:
Nameoftheoffice
Drawingnumberandthetitleofthedrawing
Signatureofthedealingofficer
Dateofpreparation/revision/alteration
Titleblockshouldbelocatedatthebottomrighthandcornerofthesheetinasimplemanner.
Recommendedsizeoftitleblockis150mmX100mmforsizesA2andlargerand150mmX75mmfor
sizesA3andA4.
NorthPoint
Indicationofnorthpointisessentialonthedrawinganditcouldbelocatedimmediatelyabovethetitle
block.Whereverpossible,northpointshouldbeshownalongwiththewindrose.Thenorthpointona
mapshould,asfaraspossible,pointupwards.
Scale
Graphicscale:Graphicscaleisoneoftheessentialrequirementsofmapandpreferablyitshouldbe
given in metric system for the convenience of reproduction. The graphic scale could be drawn
abovethetitleblock.
Spatial scale: In addition to graphic scale, the spatial scale should also be given on all plans. The
spatialscaleshouldconsistofsquarewithmetricsidesandtheareacoveredbythesquareshould
be given inside the square. Such spatial scale could be located above the graphic scale in the
drawing.
Numericscale:Anumericscalegivingrepresentationfraction(R.F.)e.g.1:10,000shouldbegiven
belowthegraphicsale.
Numbering
A systematic numbering of maps / drawings would be convenient for reference. Respective
department/organizationmayallowitsownnumberingsystembasedonstandardisedmethodssuch
as:
Systematicnumbering
Consecutivenumbering
Sectionalnumbering

Appen
ndixGStandardLayyoutofMap
p
Figure7.1: RepresenttationofStan
ndardlayouto
ofthemap

Source: Co
ompilation&rep
presentationofv
varioussourceandUDPFIGuidelines
7.2. MapEn
nlargemeentandReductio
on
Mapsareggenerallyavaailableindiffeerentsizeandscalesfrom
mdifferentsources.Alltheesemapscou
uldbe
broughtin
narequireduuniformscaleebyemployin nganyofthefollowingmeethods:
Squareemethod
Similaartrianglemeethod
Pantoggraph(mechanicalmetho od)
Opticaalpantograph hmethod
Photoggraphicmeth hod(optical)
Digitalmethod
Thelastth
hreemethodssrequiresoph
histicatedequipment,butttheyproduccemoreaccurratemaps.
7.3. MapNo
otation
Planning exercise of settlements
s r
require prepparation of maps
m to depiict on ground conditionss and
variety of ng to physicaal and socioeconomic asspects which play cruciall role in deccision
f data relatin
makingan ndshowingplansinspatiaalcontext.Bro oadly,thesem
mapscouldbbegroupedun nder2catego ories.
Survey yandstudym maps
Develo opmentplanmaps/Propo osalmaps
It is important that th
he manner off preparing survey
s and sttudy maps must
m be closeely related an
nd in
manycaseesidenticalto othepreparaationofpropo osalmapstoffacilitatethequickcorrelaationofproposals
withtheeexistingcondiitions.Therefore,thenotaationsandsy ymbolusedin nbothsetso ofmapsshouldbe
similaras faraspossib ble.Notationssandsymbollsarelanguaagebythemseelvesandneeedtobedesiigned
properly for
f easy und derstanding. For uniform mity of preseentation, it iss also necesssary to estaablish
uniformpracticesinreegardtotheiinformationttobeincludedinthesemaaps.Takingin ntoconsideraation
thestandaardisationof notationsan ndinformatio oncontentof
f themaps,ty ypeofnotatio onstobeado opted
canbegro oupedinthreebroadcateggoriesasfollo owing:
Point
Line
Polygo on
108 URDPFIIGuidelines,2
2014.Volum
meIIB.MinisstryofUrban
nDevelopmen
nt

AppendixG
A GStandarrdLayouto
ofMap
Poin
nt
Poin
ntdataonmaapshallbeusedfordepictingprominen ntfeature,lik
kebuildingorrhighestpoin
nt.Details
thatcouldbesho
ownaspointffeature,varieesdependinggonthescaleofmap.Folloowingaresom me
exam
mplesofpoin ughtunderstandardframeeworkonStaatelevel.
ntfeaturesthaatcouldbrou
Figu
ure7.2: Surv
veyofIndiaT
Toposheet Figure7.3: Internation nalStudyinpuuts
Sourcce: SurveyofIIndia Source: ActtivityCentreZon

neMappingStyleeGuide,State
GovvernmentVictorria
Line
e
Lineearfeaturesccouldbeboun ndaries,transsportationneetworkorwatterbodiesettc.Standardissationin
lineaarfeatures,sp
pecificallyad
dministrativeboundariessshallbemadeeatStatesleevel.Boundarrysymbols
asussedbySurvey willbringunifformityinboundary
yofIndiaorgganisationcanbeusedbystatesasitw
featuuresatnationnallevel.
Figu
ure7.4: Surv veyofIndiaTToposheet
Sourcce: SurveyofIIndia
Poly
ygon
Acalibrationinccolour,notationandfontu usedinmapsshouldbemaadebystateddepartmentssothat
map psofaStateddepictinformaationinunifo
ormmanneraandarerelativelyeasyforrcomparison nandstudy
byp
public.Modeo ofpreparatio
onofmaponddifferentplattformshasim
mpactoncolo
ourandnotatiion.Thus,
astaandardisedfo ormatoflegenndshallbem
made.RGB(ReedGreenBluee)colourspeecificationcan
nbe
prov videdforcommputerbasedplatformslik keGISorCADDetc.FollowingareexampplesofsuchR
RGBcolour
speccifications:
Red :25
55:51:0
Purple :10 02:0:204
Yellow
Y :25
55:255:0
Green :0::153:0
Orange :25 55:153:0
Fonttsspecificationscanalsobeprovidedintermsofsttyle,sizeandcolour.Thou
ughthesepro
ovisions
willvaryasperthescaleandsiteofthesheetandbeacccordinglyprrovided.

UR
RDPFIGuidellines,2014.V
VolumeIIB.M
MinistryofU
UrbanDevelo
opment 109

AppendixGStandardLayoutofMap

AppendixHCadastralMapOverlay
8 AppendixHCadastralMapOverlay
8.1. Introduction
The process of preparing base map by overlaying satellite imagery over cadastral maps has been
referred from chapter6 of Space based information support for decentralized planning (SISDP)
Manual:PreparationofGeospatiallayersusing(Cartosat1Pan+LISSIVMx)OrthorectifiedSatellite
Imagery of ISRO. The manual (part 2) is available for public and can be downloaded from the link:
http://www.bhuvanpanchayat.nrsc.gov.in/assets/ManualPart2.pdf.
8.2. Process of base map formulation by overlaying Satellite

imagesovercadastralmaps
Foroverlayingcadastralmapwithsatelliteimageitisrequiredthatcadastralmaptobegeneratedin
vectormode.Inthisprocessthemaintasksareacquisitionofcadastralmaps,scanninganddigitization
ofcadastralmapsandgenerationofvectordata.Oncethecadastralmapsinvectormodeareavailable,
georeferencing of these maps can be done.The georeferencing of digital cadastral maps and
overlayingwithsatelliteimageconsistsofthefollowingsteps:
AcquisitionofGCPs
Transformationmodeldevelopmentandassessment
Georeferencingofcadastralmaps
ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,inIsolation
ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,withneighbourhood
Mosaicgenerationatrevenueinspector(RI),talukaanddistrictlevel
8.2.1. Acquisitionofgroundcontrolpoints:
SufficientnumbersofGCPsshallbeidentifiedonthevectorcadastralmapandonsatelliteimage.The
characteristicsoftheGCPsareintersectionsofparcelboundaries,river/streamwithparcelboundary,
ofroadswithparcelboundaries,roadswithriversandcornersofwatertanks.TheGCPsshouldspread
uniformlyintheentiremap.
8.2.2. Transformationmodelassessment:
Transformationmodelisappliedforgeoreferencingthecadastralmap.Theareaofthevillage,number
ofsheetscoveredinasinglevillage,conditionofthecadastralmapsheets,numberandcharacteristics
of GCPs collected and terrain conditions the affect polynomial model. The transformation model is
accepted when the actual root mean square and residual errors arrived are less than the threshold
valuesi.e.6mineitherdirection.
8.2.3. Georeferencingofcadastralmaps:
Oncethetransformationmodelisaccepted,thevectorcadastralmapisgeoreferencedthroughaffine
transformation 4 in GIS environment. The outputs are further validated both visually and
mathematically.
4 Affine Transformation: A geometric transformation that scales, rotates, skews, and/or translates images or coordinates
between any two Euclidean spaces. It is commonly used in GIS to transform maps between coordinate systems. In an
affine transformation, parallel lines remain parallel, the midpoint of a line segment remains a midpoint, and all points on a

AppendixHCadastralMapOverlay
8.2.4. ValidationofGeoreferencedmap,inisolation:
Outputproductvalidationisanessentialelementindevelopmentoflandinformationsystem.Thegeo
referenced vector file of each village is validated with reference to the merged product. The geo
referenced vector file is overlaid on the reference image and initial validation is carried out through
visual checking. If the parcel boundaries coincide with the image features and
deviations/displacements are not observed, the georeferencing is successful. Feature matching is
checked in the following order of priority; tanks, water bodies, tank bunds, ponds, road, rail, canal,
stream,nalla,river,fieldbunds,forestboundary/vegetationboundary,abadi(villagesettlement).
8.2.5. Validation of Georeferenced map, with neighbourhood

reference:
Thisvalidationiscarriedouttoensurethatthevillageboundaryismatchingwithalladjoiningvillage
boundaries.Theboundaryshouldmatchperfectly.However,inaccordancewiththeterrainconditions,
the boundary (overlap/under lap) error tolerance in undulating terrains is kept around 15 m and in
hillyareas,thetoleranceisaround25m(SrinivasaRaoetal.,2003b).
8.2.6. MosaicgenerationatRevenue,talukaanddistrictlevel:
After georeferencing the cadastral maps to the required accuracy standards, a number of maps are
mosaiced at the next higher administrative level. While mosaicing, feature continuity as well as
attribute accuracy is to be maintained. These are the final products of georeferencing of cadastral
mapsandcanbeusedasbasemap.TheseproductsaredirectlylinkedtoLISandGISdatabases.
straight line remain on a straight line.

AppendixIRoadCrossSections
9 AppendixIRoadCrossSections
Figure9.1: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad

Source: CodeofPracticePart1,MoUD,2012
Figure9.2: CrossSectionDistributaryRoad


AppendixIRoadCrossSections
Figure9.3: CrosssectionofAccessroad


AppendixJTravelDemandModellingProcess
10 AppendixJTravelDemandModelling
Process
10.1. TripGeneration
The first step in travel forecasting is trip generation. In this step, information from land use,
population, and economicforecasts areusedto estimate howmany trips will be madeto andfrom
eachzone.
TypesofMostCommonlyUsedTripGenerationModels
Regressionmodels:equationssuchas:
Totaltrips=1.1*population,
Homebasedworktrips=1.5*totalemployment,etc;
Crossclassification tables based on: household size, number of workers, income class, vehicle
ownership,etc.;
Specialgeneratormodels:usedforgeneratorssuchasairports,colleges,amusementparks,green
spaces,etc.;
Separateratesforpeakandoffpeaktrips.
Assumptionsandlimitations:
Pedestrianandbicycletripsareusuallyexcludedfromtripgenerationmodels.
Commercialvehiclesneedtobegeneratedseparately.
Careshouldbetakenbeforeinterchangingvehicletriprateswithpersontriprates.
ValidationandReasonablenessCheckingfortripgeneration
Compare trips per household to the regional average. There should be a valid explanation if
numbersaretoohighortoolow.
Reviewtripsperhouseholdbypurpose.
Ensurethattripproductionsandtripattractionsbalancewell.Checktripratesandadjustifthey
donotbalance
Create GIS colorcoded maps of productions and attractions to review for errors. Use special
generatorsforfacilitiessuchasschools,hospitals,malls,andrecreationalfacilitiessuchasparks,
playgrounds,etc.
Makemodelexternaltripsandvisitortripsusingexternalcordonandvisitorsurveys.
MakesureCommercialVehicleandFreightTravelisincludedinthemodel
10.2. TripDistribution
The trip distribution model estimates number of trips travelled from one zone to another. Trip
generationonlyfindsthenumberoftripsthatbeginorendat aparticularzone.Theprocessoftrip
distribution links the trip ends to form an origindestination pattern. Trip distribution is used to
representtheprocessofdestinationchoice(i.e."Ineedtogoshopping,butwhereshouldIgotomeet
myshoppingneeds?").
The most commonly used procedure for trip distribution is called the gravity model. The gravity
modeltakesthetripsproducedatonezoneanddistributestootherzonesbasedonboththesizeof
theotherzones(asmeasuredbytheirtripattractions)andthecompositecost(traveltime,distance
or cost for all modes available) to other zones. A zone with many trip attractions (say, a large

shoppingcenter)willreceiveagreaternumberofdistributedtripsthanonewithfewattractions(a
smallshoppingcenter).Themathematicalformulaforagravitymodelisshownbelow:
AjFijKij
Tij = Pi
Where,
Tij=thenumberoftripsfromzoneitozonej,
Pi=thenumberoftripproductionsinzone
Aj=thenumberoftripattractionsinzonej,
Fij=thefrictionfactorrelatingthespatialseparationbetweenzoneiandzonej,and
Kij=anoptionaltripdistributionadjustmentfactorforinterchangesbetweenzoneiandzonej.
Distancetopossibledestinationsistheotherfactorusedinthegravitymodel.Thenumberoftripsto
a given destination decreases as the distance to the destination increases (it is inversely
proportional).Thisisrepresentedinafactorcalledfrictionfactor.Itisinverselyproportionaltothe
distanceortraveltimebetweentwozones.Frictionfactorsareusedtocalibratetriplengthsfromthe
model to observed data. The most common formulation of friction factors is through a gamma
functionasshownbelow:
cxte
F =aXtXe
ij ij
Where,
Fij=thefrictionfactorbetweenzonesiandj,
a,b,andc=modelcoefficients;bothbandcshould,inmost cases,benegative;aisascalingfactor
andcanbevariedwithoutchangingthedistribution,
tij=thetraveltimebetweenzonesiandj,and
e=thebaseofthenaturallogarithms.
ValidationandReasonablenessCheckingfortripdistribution
Comparetriplengthfrequencyfrommodelandsurveydata.
Dothisforeverypurpose
Dothisfordistanceandtime
Ifdifferent,adjustfrictionfactorsinthemodel
Maximumof510%differenceinobservedandmodelled.
ComparetrippatternsfromthemodeltodatafromODSurveys.
Aggregatedataintodistrictsandcomparetrips
Lookatnorthsouthandeastwesttrips
10.3. ModalSplit
Modechoiceisoneofthemostcriticalpartsofthedemandmodellingprocess.Itisthestepwhere
tripsbetweenagivenoriginanddestinationaresplitintotripsusingavailablemodessuchastwo
wheeler, car, private vehicle, public transport, etc. Calculations are conducted that compare the
attractivenessoftravelbydifferentmodestodeterminetheirrelativeusage.Allproposalstoimprove
public transport or to change the ease of using private vehicles are passed through the mode
split/privatevehicleoccupancyprocessaspartoftheirassessmentandevaluation.Itisimportantto
understand what factors are used and how the process is conducted in order to plan, design, and

implement new systems of transportation. The most common mathematical formulation of a mode
choicemodelisalogitmodelandisasfollows:

Where,
Pi=theprobabilityofatravellerchoosingmodei,
ui = a linear function of the attributes of mode i that describe its attractiveness, also known as the
utilityofmodei,and
=thesummationofthelinearfunctionsoftheattributesofallthealternatives,k,forwhich
achoiceisavailable
Theutilityfunctioniscalculatedbasedonthefollowingequation:

Where,
IVTTi=theinvehicletraveltimesformodei,
OVTTi = set of variables measuring the outofvehicle travel times for mode iwalk, wait, and
transfertimesmayallbekeptseparateorcombined,dependingonthecalibratedstructureofthe
model,
COSTi=thecostofmodei,
ai = modespecific coefficient (constant) to account for mode bias not measurable with the
levelofservicevariables,
bi=coefficientfortheIVTTvariablesofmode
ci=asetofcoefficientsforOVTTvariablesofmodei,and
di=coefficientforCOSTvariableofmodei
KeyPointsaboutModeSplit
Mode split is done by a comparison of the "disutility" of travel between two points for the
differentmodesthatareavailable.
"Disutility"isatermusedtorepresentacombinationofthetraveltime,cost,andconvenienceof
amodebetweenanoriginandadestination.
Travel time is divided into two components: invehicle time to represent the time when a
travellerisactuallyinavehicleandmoving,andoutofvehicletime,whichincludestimespent
travellingoutsideofthevehicle(timetowalktoandfrombus/railstops,waitingtime,transfer
time).
Outofvehicle time is used to represent "inconvenience" and the coefficient for outofvehicle
timeistypicallyseveraltimeslargerthanforinvehicletime,reflectingthefactthattravellersdo
not like to wait or walk long distances to their destinations. The size of the multiplier will be
differentdependinguponthepurposeofthetrip.
Forpublictransporttrips,thecostofthetripisusuallymeasuredastheaveragepublictransport
fareforthattrip,whileforprivatevehicletrips,costisfoundbyaddingtheparkingcosttothe
length of the trip and multiplying by cost per kilometer. Private vehicle cost is based on a
"perceived"costperkilometer(ontheorderof510cents/kilometer),whichonlyincludesfuel
andoilcostsanddoesnotincludeownership,insurance,maintenance,andotherfixedcosts(total
costsofprivatevehicletravelaremuchhigher).
Disutility equations also contain a "modal constant", represents other characteristics or travel
modesthatarenotexplicitlycapturedbythevariablesinthe model,butthatmayinfluencethe
choiceofmode(suchasadifferenceincomfortbetweenpublictransportandprivatevehicles).A
modelwillhaven1constantswithnbeingthenumberofmodes.

Once disutilities are estimated for the various choices between an origin and a destination, the
tripsaresplitamongvariousmodesbasedontherelativedifferencesbetweendisutilities.Alarge
advantagewillmeanahighpercentageforthatmode.
Allmodelcoefficientsareestimatedusingactualtravellerdata.
TypesofModeChoiceModels:
FactoringofvehicletripsInthismodel,fixedfactorsareusedtofactortotaltripsintotripsby
mode.Thisisbasedonfixeddatafromsurveys.Thisisnotrecommendedforlongtermprojects
withhighinvestment
BinomiallogitmodelInthismodel,onlytwomodesareconsidered:privatevehicleandpublic
transport.Thisisasimplermodelandshouldbeusedwhenshortontimeanddata.
MultinomiallogitmodelThisisthemostcommontypeofmodelusedtocompareanumberof
modes.Variationsofthemodelincludenestedlogitandhierarchicallogit,whichsplitstotaltrips
first into public and private vehicles, and then into categories such as two and fourwheelers,
bus,rail,etc.
Table10.1:FactorsAffectingModeChoice
Factor PrivateVehicle PublicTransport
InVehicleTime CongesteddrivingTime Timeridingpublictransport
OutofVehicleTime WalktoVehiclefromparking Walktostop,wait/transfertime,walkfromstoptodestination
Cost Costoffuel,parking,tolls Fare
Source:DevelopmentofTrainingMaterialunderSustainableUrbanTransportProject,ReferenceGuideVolume2Demand
Assessment,MoUD
ValidationandReasonablenessCheckingformodalsplit
Compareobservedmodalsplittoestimatedmodalsplit
Dothisforeverypurpose
Maximumof510%differenceinobservedandmodelled.
Atypicalrangeforvalueofinvehicletimecoefficientisbetween0.015and0.02.
Atypicalrangeforvalueofoutofvehicletimecoefficientis23timestheinvehiclecoefficient.
Constanttermsshouldnotbetoohighorlow.
Performsensitivityteststomakesuremodelisstable.
Increase/decreasetraveltimes/faresofhighwayandPT
Changesocioeconomicdata
Thefirstthreestepsofmodellinggeneratetotalpersontripsintheregion.Beforeassigningthemto
roadnetwork,persontripsneedtobeconvertedintovehicletrips.Thefirststepinthisprocessisto
split private vehicles trips into private vehicle driver and private vehicle passenger trips. Private
vehicle occupancy analysis is often a highly simplified process that uses fixed private vehicle
occupancy rates for a given trip purpose or for household size and private vehicle ownership
categories.
Tripsarethenconvertedintoanorigindestinationformatfor conductingdailyassignments.Traffic
variesconsiderablythroughoutthedayandduringtheweek.Thetraveldemandforecastsaremade
onadailybasisforatypicalweekdayandthenconvertedinto peakhourconditions.Dailytripsare
multipliedbyan"houradjustmentfactor",forexample,10%,toconvertthemintopeakhourtrips.
Thenumberassumedforthisfactorisverycritical.Asmallvariation,say,plusorminusonepercent,
willmakeasignificantdifferenceinthelevelofcongestionthatwouldbeforecastonanetwork.Most
models are unable to represent how travellers tend to cope with congestion by changing the time
theymaketheirtrips,althoughadvancedtraveldemandmodelsandactivitymodelsrepresenttime
oftravelexplicitly.

10.4. TrafficAssignment
Oncetripshavebeensplitintohighwayandpublictransporttrips,thespecificroutethattheyuseto
travelfromtheirorigintotheirdestinationmustbefound.Thesetripsarethenassignedtothatroute
inthestepcalledtrafficassignment.Trafficassignmentisconducteddifferentlyforhighwaytripsand
publictransporttrips.
The process first involves the calculation of the shortest path from each origin to all destinations
(usuallytheminimumtimepathisused).TripsforeachODpairarethenassignedtothelinksinthe
minimumpath,andthetripsareaddedupforeachlink.Theassignedtripvolumeisthencompared
tothecapacityofthelinktoseewhetheritiscongested.If alinkiscongested,thespeedonthelink
needstobereducedtoresultinalongertraveltimeonthatlink.Whenspeedsandtraveltimesare
changed, the shortest path may change. Hence, the whole process must be repeated many times
(iterated)untilthereisanequilibriumbetweentraveldemandandtravelsupply.Tripsoncongested
linkswillbeshiftedtouncongestedlinksuntilthisequilibriumconditionoccurs.Thereareavariety
ofwaysinwhichthecalculationsaredonetoreachnetworkequilibrium.Onewaytogetafeelforthe
accuracy of the models is to look at the resulting speeds on the network. These should be realistic
afterequilibrium.
Publictransporttripassignmentisdoneinasimilarway,exceptthatpublictransportheadwaysare
adjusted rather thantravel times. Public transport headways (minutes betweenvehicles) affect the
capacityofapublictransportroute.Lowheadwaysmeanthatthereismorefrequentserviceanda
greater number of vehicles. Public transport supply and demand are also recalculated to reach
equilibriumbetweensupplyanddemand.
It is important to understand the concept of equilibrium. If a highway or public transport route is

congested during peak hours, its excess trips will be shifted to alternative routes. If the alternative
routesarealsocongested,thefinalresultswillshowcongestionoverawidepartofthenetwork.In
therealworld,thiscongestionwilleventuallydissipateovertime.
Another important step in assignment is the time of day analysis. Daily trip patterns need to be
convertedintopeaktimeperiodtraffic.Akeyassumptionneededistheportionofdailytravelthat
occursduringthepeakperiod.Thisisnormallyusedasaconstant,andconventionaltravelmodels
haveverylimitedcapabilitytodescribehowtravellerswillshifttheirtripstolesscongestedtimesof
theday.
Validation and Reasonableness checking for traffic assignment
Thefollowingsummariesshouldbeprepared:
Comparetrafficvolumeswithobservedcounts.
Volumesbyroadclass
Volumesbyareatype
Volumesbyscreenlines
Volumesatexternalcordons
Observedvs.estimatedspeeds
ComparePTridershipfromthemodelwithobservedridership.
Ridershipbyroutegroupsshouldbewithin+/15%

10.5. ModelForecasts
Forecasting is the process of using a fully calibrated and validated model to estimate future year
trafficvolumesandpublictransportridership.
InputsforForecasts
Socioeconomicdata,suchaspopulation,incomeclass,andemploymentforecasts;
Listofapprovedhighwayandpublictransportprojectsandalistofprojectstobeevaluated.
Transportation forecasting processes should consider a broad range of alternatives. There can be
alternative modes of transportation, alternative locations of different systems, alternative levels of
capacity,oralternativepolicies.Thiswouldincludethefollowing:
A nobuild alternative: This is basically the status quo with continuing maintenance and
operationofthecurrenttransportationsystem.Itmayincludesubstantialeffortstoimprove
theefficiencyandutilizationofexistingtransportationsystems.Theseareconsideredasan
alternative to building new systems. Developing a nobuild alternative is a must for
evaluating other alternatives. Every new investment alternative has to be compared to the
nobuildalternativetoseeiftheimprovementjustifiesthecost.
Travel demand management policies: Transportation services require a broad range of
policiestofunction.Traveldemandmanagementinvolveseffortstomakethecurrentsystem
more efficient and to use techniques to reduce demand during critical periods. This is not
unlike programs that utility companies have used to promote energy conservation among
their customers. Some of the techniques that could be used include: use of priority
techniques for high occupancy vehicles, parking regulation, efforts to shift when travel
occurs,promotionoftelecommuting,publictransportserviceimprovements,useofpricing
techniques,etc.
Landusealternatives:Differentlandusepatternsandpoliciescanbeusedtoaffecttravel
demandandtoaffecttheuseofnaturalresources.Thesecould includeconcentratedurban
developmentpatterns,increasedsuburbangrowth,orsomecombination.
Modal alternatives: Different modes of transportation such as highway, public transport,
ridesharing,freight,etc.shouldbeconsidered.Generally,transportationplansareconcerned
withpickingthebestcombinationofmodestodealwithaparticularproblem.Singlemode
plans such as a highway plan, public transport plan, etc. should not be done without first
considering other modes. All options should be considered in order to develop a balanced
transportationsystem.
Capacitychanges:Thecapacityofeachmode(numberoflanes,howoftenpublictransport
vehiclesoperate)canbevariedindifferentalternatives.Highwaycapacitydependsonmany
factors besides the number of lanes, such as intersection characteristics, traffic signal
systems,andthecharacteristicsofaccessalongthehighway.
Alternative locations: Proper location of public transport and highway facilities is an
important part of their success. Facilities should be located to serve travel markets and to
facilitatelanddevelopmentpatternsthataregoodforthecommunity.

AppendixKRoadSafetyChecklist
11 AppendixKRoadSafetyChecklist
11.1. Introduction
Toencourageroadsafety,checklistshavebeenprovidedinthissectionwhichcanbeutilisedat
variousstagesofprojectlifecycle.
Table11.1: RoadSafetyChecklists
Checklist
No. Checklist
1 Audit:Stage:1Duringfeasibilitystudy
2 Audit:Stage:2Completionofpreliminarydesign
3 Audit:Stage:3Completionofdetaileddesign
4 Audit:Stage:4Duringconstructionstage
5 Audit:Stage:5Completionofconstruction/preopening
6 Audit:Stage:6OnexistingroadsorduringOperation&Management
7 Planning
8 Alignment
9 Crosssection
10 Junctions
11 Roadsigns
12 Roadmarkings
13 Lighting
14 Roadsidehazards
15 Roadsidefacilities
16 Vulnerableroadusers
17 Developmentproposals
18 Maintenancework
Source: ManualonRoadSafetyAudit,IRC:SP:882010,Page67
11.2. CHECKLIST1Audit:Stage1(DuringFeasibilityStudy)
1. What is the category of road for which the feasibility study has been carried out e.g.,
Expressway,NationalHighway,StateHighwayorOtherRoads?
2. Istheroadintendedtocarryhighspeedtrafficorservelocalaccessneedsonly?
3. What kind of traffic is likely ranging from high speed mixed traffic or for more general
use,includingbicyclesandsignificantpedestriantraffic?
4. Do the chosen type of road and the standards, alignment and crosssection offer
optimum road safety to all groups of road user including disabled in combination with
theexpectedtrafficdensityandspeeds?
5. Does the project follow existing roads or is it a 'green field project' and what are the
effectsofthis?
6. Check whether appropriate design standards have been used having regard to the
scopeoftheproject,anditsfunctioninrelationtothetrafficmix.
7. Check the appropriateness of the designs for the design volume and traffic
characteristics.
8. Hasaccesscontrolbeenproposed?
9. Will the proposed scheme be compatible with the standard of conjoining road
sections?
10. Willtherebesufficientopportunitiesforovertaking?

11. Arethenumberanddistributionofintersectionsappropriateinrelationto:
a. Thedesiredfunctionofthenewroad?
b. Impact on the surrounding, adjacent and/or offloaded road network (does the
projectsimplymovepresentproblems)?
c. Accessibilityforpublictransportandemergencyvehicles?
12. Arejunctiontypesshownthesafestavailableateachlocation,inrelationtotheexpectedturning
volumes?
13. Are the proposed horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with visibility
requirementsbothalongtheroadandjunctions?
14. Has lighting been planned? If so, does the lighting offer maximum safety, both on links
andatjunctions?
15. Willtheprojecthaveanyeffectonexistingpedestrianandcycleroutes?
16. Does the project include measures for vulnerable roadusers and if so, do these
measuresoffermaximumsafety?
17. Do the available accident data for the existing/adjacent road network give reason to
expectparticularroadsafetyproblemsintheproposedproject?
18. Whethernonmotorisedtrafficisexpectedtocauseproblems?
19. Whatisthelikelihoodoffuturewidening?
20. Do the gradients, curves and general design approach fit in with the class of terrain
andlikelyweatherorenvironmentalaspects?
21. Check any special events creating unusual or hazardous conditions and any other
matter,whichmayhaveabearingonsafety.
22. Othercheckspertinenttotheprojectatdiscretionofauditororclient.
11.3. CHECKLIST 2 Audit: Stage 2 (Completion of

PreliminaryDesign)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagebeenfollowed?Ifnot,whynot?
2. Is the desired speed compatible with the crosssection and other design elements and is the
desiredspeedrealistic?
3. Crosssection:
a. Hasdelineationofthecarriagewaywithakerbbeenproposed?
b. Isthereadequatespaceforallgroupsofroadusers?
c. Isthereappropriateseparationbetweenvariousgroupsofroadusers?
4. HorizontalandVerticalalignmentandvisibility:
a. Does the proposed alignment satisfy any demands on visibility at junctions and sight
distancesonfreesections?
b. Will sight distances/visibility be blocked by traffic signs, guardrails, bridge parapets,
buildings,rigidobstaclesorplantations(nowandinthefuture)
c. Can parts of the project constitute a risk, especially in combination (e.g. peaks in the
verticalalignmentplussharphorizontalbends,crestsofhillsplustrafficsignals)?
5. Are the lane widths, shoulders, medians and other crosssection features in accordance with
standarddesignandadequateforthefunctionoftheroad?
6. Checkwhetherthereareundesirablevariationsincrosssectiondesign.Checkcrossfalls,which
couldaffectsafety,particularlywheresectionsofexistinghighwayhavebeenutilized,orwhere
therehavebeencompromisestoaccommodateaccesstoabuttingproperties.
7. Check the safety aspects of shoulder provision, including the provision of paved and earthen
shoulders, the width and treatment on embankments and crossfall of shoulders? Are the
shoulderslikelytobeusedbyslowmovingvehiclesorcyclists?
8. Checkfortheprovisionofclimbinglanesinhillysectionswhereverticalgradientsaresteepfor
considerablelengthofthehighway?

9. Junctions,interchangesandtheirdesign:
a. Will road users coming from all directions (including side roads) be able to see
that they are approaching a conflict area? Are giveway lines, stop lines,
turninglanesandrampsclearlyvisible?
b. Are existing conjoining and intersecting roads appropriately adjusted and
matchedtothenewroad(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
c. Do the routes of road users through the junction seem clear for all directions
andmanoeuvres?
d. Istheresufficientspaceforalltypesofvehiclestoundertakeallmanoeuvres?
e. Arethecrossingfacilitiesforpedestriansandnonmotorisedtrafficadequateandsafe?
f. Canparkingcauseproblems?
g. Haveroundaboutsbeenconsidered?
(Inurbanareas,ghostmarkingsandleftturninglaneswithislandsaresafest;theypreventovertaking
andassistpedestriansandcyclistswhoarecrossingtheroad.)
10. Decidewhetherornotold,unremovedsectionofroadcangiveundesiredopticaldirections.
11. Specialpointsatroundabouts:
a. Areallentrancelanescurvedandisspeedadequatelyreduced?
b. Willthecentralislandbevisible?
c. Are the measures taken for the benefit of pedestrians from a safe stopping distance and
cycletrafficadequate?
12. Atthejunction/transitiontoexistingroads(especiallyfrommultilanetotwolane,dualtosingle
carriageway):
a. Aretheresuddenchangesofalignment?
b. Does the road standard change too rapidly, or can road users clearly see and
recognizethetransitioningoodtime?
c. Would a roundabout be able to mitigate any sudden changes in standards and
alignment?
13. Are existing junctions and intersections adjusted and matched to the new road appropriately
(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
14. Are there any constructions that will be difficult to drain and are the crossfall and any gutter
gradientadequateatthecriticalspots?
15. Arethereplaceswherethereisariskofflooding?
16. Willovertakingbepreventedatcriticalplaces(notsimplyby restrictions,butalsobymakingit
quiteapparentthatovertakingisprohibited)?
17. Ifsignsandroadmarkingshavebeenproposed:
a. Arethemarkingsconsistentandaretheyadequate?
b. Hasthequantityofinformationbeenkeptatareasonablelevel?
18. Ifmarkingshavenotbeenproposed:willspecialmarkingsbenecessary?
19. Isthereanyriskthatcannotbe"markedoutofexistence"?
20. Will there be any large sign constructions? If so; will guardrails or breakaway safety
devicesprotectthem?
21. Hasitbeenproposedthatlightingbelocatedontheoutsideorinsideofbends?
22. Willitbepossibletocarryoutmaintenancework(onlighting,gantries,plantations,etc.)safely
andwithoutusingthecarriagewayorcyclepath?
23. Is the landscaping design or plantation likely to lead to a lowering of safety with mature or
seasonalgrowth?Isfrangiblevegetationappropriate?
24. Aretherearrangementsforsafeaccessbyemergencyvehicles?Checkthedesignofmediansand
barriers,andtheabilityofemergencyvehiclestostopwithoutnecessarilydisruptingtraffic?
25. Pedestrians
a. Havepedestrianneedsbeenconsidered?
b. If footpaths are not specifically provided, is the road layout safe for use by
pedestrians,particularlyatblindcornersandonbridges?

c. Arepedestriansubwaysorfootbridgessitedtoprovidemaximumuse?
d. Is the avoidance of footbridges or subways possible by crossing the road at
grade?
e. Has specific provision been made for pedestrian crossings, school crossings
orpedestriansignals?
f. Arepedestrianrefuges/kerbextensionsneeded?
g. Whetherneedsofdisabledroaduserstakencareof?
26. Havetheneedsofpublictransportusersbeenconsidered?Arebusstopspositionedforsafety?
27. Is lighting envisaged in specified locations of the project? Are the difficulties of illuminating
sectionsof the roadcaused by treesorover bridges,for example?Are there any aspectsof the
provisionofthelightingpoles,whichwouldrequireconsiderationfromthesafetypointofview
intheirbeingstruckbyvehicles?
28. Isadequatesafeaccesstotheworksiteavailable?
29. Arethereanyfactorsrequiringspecificroadsafetyprovision,includingmaintenance?
30. Are there any traffic management features, which would require special attention during
constructionorduringthetransitionfromconstructiontofulloperation?
31. Otherchecksmadeatdiscretionofauditororclient.


11.4. CHECKLIST3Audit:Stage3(CompletionofDetailedDesign)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagebeenfollowed?Ifnot,reasonsthereof?
2. Visibility,sightdistance
a. Are horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with the required visibility
requirements?
b. Confirm whether the standard adopted for provision of visibility in the design is
appropriatefortherulingdesignspeedandforanyunusualtrafficmix.
c. Checkwhethersightlinesareobstructedby:
i. Safetyfences
ii. Boundaryfences
iii. Streetfurniture
iv. Parkingfacilities
v. Signs
vi. Landscaping
vii. Bridgeabutments
d. Checkwhetherrailwaycrossings,bridgesandotherhazardsareconspicuous.
e. Will sight lines to be obstructed by temporary features such as parked vehicles
inlaybyesorparkedorqueuedtraffichasbeentakencareof?
3. Check whether the design standards are appropriate for all the new requirements of the
proposed project and check for consistency of general standards and guidelines such as lane
widths,camberandcrossfall.
4. Crosssections:
a. Arecrossfallsappropriate?
b. Isthereasuitableguttergradientoristhecarriagewaylaidatasuitableheightabovethe
shoulder?
5. Lightingcolumns,trafficsignals,signstandards,etcetera:
a. Haverequirementsonsafedistancestocarriagewayandcyclepathbeenobserved?
b. Havebreakawaysafetydevicesorsuchlikebeenproposed?
6. Signsandmarkings:
a. Aremarkingsconsistentalongtheentireroadsection?
b. Istheinformationclear?
c. Arethereenoughsigns?
d. Aretheretoomanysigns?
e. Will signs mask each other or traffic signals (be sure to include all plans for
signsandmarkingsinyourassessment)?
f. Are the signs correctly positioned, without obstructing sight distances/visibility
inanyway?
7. Aretheproposedtypesofkerbstone/edgemarkingappropriate?
8. Lighting:
a. Is there any risk that the lighting can be optically misleading and will it have any
detrimentaleffectsontrafficsignalsandsigns?
b. Arethereanyunlitareasthatcouldconcealhazards?
c. Willanilluminatedsideroadmisleadroadusersontheplanned,unlitroad?
d. Are all pedestrian crossings illuminated (not merely the formally marked
crossings, but also unmarked places where pedestrians could be expected to
cross)?
e. Willpowerfulilluminationofadjoiningareasorstronglyilluminatedadvertisementscause
problems?
9. Junctions,interchangesandtheirdesign:

a. Will road users comingfrom all directions (includingside roads) be able to seethat they
are approaching a conflict area? Are giveway lines, stop lines, turning lanes and ramps
clearlyvisible?
b. Areexistingconjoiningandintersectingroadsappropriatelyadjustedandmatchedtothe
newroad(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
c. Do the routes of road users through the junction seem clear for all directions and
manoeuvres?
d. Istheresufficientspaceforalltypesofvehiclestoundertakeallmanoeuvres?
e. Arethecrossingfacilitiesforpedestriansandnonmotorisedtrafficadequateandsafe?
f. Canparkingcauseproblems?
g. Haveroundaboutsbeenconsidered?
(Inurbanareas,ghostmarkingsandleftturninglaneswithislandsaresafest;theypreventovertaking
andassistpedestriansandcyclistswhoarecrossingtheroad.)
10. Decidewhetherornotold,unremovedsectionofroadcangiveundesiredopticaldirections.
11. Specialpointsatroundabouts:
a. Areallentrancelanescurvedandisspeedadequatelyreduced?
b. Willthecentralislandbevisible?
c. Arethemeasurestakenforthebenefitofpedestriansfromsafestoppingdistanceandcycle
trafficadequate?
12. Atthejunction/transitiontoexistingroads(especiallyfrommultilanetotwolane,dualtosingle
carriageway):
a. Aretheresuddenchangesofalignment?
b. Does the road standard change too rapidly, or can road users clearly see and
recognisethetransitioningoodtime?
c. Would a roundabout be able to mitigate any sudden changes in standards and
alignment?
13. Are existing junctions and intersections adjusted and matched to the new road appropriately
(withoutsharpbendsandgradients)?
14. Guardrails,hedgesandrailings:
a. Areallvulnerableareasprotected?
b. Arebridgepillars,steelpostsandtreesetc.,protectedbyguardrailswherenecessary?
c. Arethereplaceswherehedgesarenecessarytopreventpedestriansfromcrossing?
d. Arethechosenhedges/guardrails"light"enough?
e. Doesguardrails/roadsidefurniturehaveanyhazardoussharpprotrudingedges?
15. Roadsurface:
a. Hasaporoustypeofsurfacebeenchosen?
b. Willanexceptionallyhighfrictionsurfacebenecessaryinespeciallyexposedplaces?
c. Wouldachangeofsurfaceasapurelyvisualsignaltoroadusersbeofbenefit?Usedinthis
way,couldachangeofsurfacebemisunderstoodbyroadusers?
16. At junction/transition to existing road network (especially from multilane to twolane,
endofcentralreserve)
a. Istheresufficientadvancewarning?
b. Arereflectorpostscorrectlypositioned?
c. Areghostmarkingsappropriateinconnectionwiththemergingoftwolanes?
d. Istherecontinuityofedgemarkings?
17. For twolane sections prepared for expansion to four lanes with central reserve
(e.g.expresswaysbuiltas"semimotorways"):
a. Will road users be clear everywhere that they are not on a oneway, twolane
carriageway?
b. Shouldnightilluminationofsignsbeofextrahighstandard?
c. Isovertakingpreventedatallpointswherepreventionisnecessary?

d. Should special measures be adopted at bridges built with a view to future

expansion?
18. Examine adjoining areas for potential safety problems (airfield, signals for maritime
trafficandrailways,flyinggolfballsetc.).
19. Additional temporary signs will be necessary for most new constructions. In this context
consider:
a. Isthetext,etc.comprehensibleandcorrect?
b. Haveallsignsetc.,beenpositionedsafely?
c. Whenwilltheyberemoved?
(Besurealsotousetheseparatechecklistsforspecificfacilitiesandmeasures.)
20. Landscaping:
a. Is there advertising conflict between landscaping and visibility requirements?
Has ultimate growth height been considered and potential obstructions to
pedestrianvisibilityandpotentialfortreestobecomecollisionobjects?
b. Willmaintenanceofsoftlandscapingbesafe?
21. Plantations:
a. Willplantationsobscurevisibilityandhasamaximumheightbeenspecified?
b. Areplantationslikelytoencroachonmarkingsorlighting?
c. Will fullygrown trees constitute a hazard (have the requirements on distances to rigid
obstaclesbeobserved)?
d. Canmaintenancebecarriedoutsafely?
22. Laybyes:
a. Arethereanylaybyesavailableinthesection?
b. Is the bye properly located and it is not inconvenient to the drivers to stop the
vehicles?
c. Is there any need to modify the laybye design (if yes, suggest the parameters
thatneedmodification)?
d. Are advance warning signs and markings properly guiding the driver about the
laybye?
e. Isthereanyneedofanyadditionalsignsandmarkings?
23. Check provision for pedestrians to cross safely at intersections, signalised and
pedestriancrossings,refuges,kerbextensionsandatotherlocations.
24. Are median barriers necessary and have they been properly detailed? Are there any
designfeaturessuchasendconditionswhichrequirespecialattention?
25. Arethereanypoleslocatedadjacenttomovingtrafficwhichcouldbesitedelsewhere?
26. Havefrangibleorbreakawaypolesbeendetailed?
27. Istheunprotectedmedianwidthadequatetoaccommodatelightingpoles?
28. Arethereanyobstructions,whicharelikelytocreateasafetyhazardandcantheybemitigatedor
relocated?
29. Isacrashbarrierprovidedwherevernecessaryandisitproperlydetailed?
30. Checkwhetheraccesstostructuresandroadfurnitureissafe.Checkthattheroadorutilitiesin
theroadreservecanbemaintainedsafely.Bothroadusersandmaintenancepersonnelshouldbe
considered.
31. Check that the requirements for the traffic management of the construction site and safety
measuresneededforworkersandroadusershavebeenadequatelyspelledoutfromthesafety
pointofviewincludingthetransitionfromtheexistingarrangementstotheconstructionsiteand
fromtheconstructionsitetothefinallayoutcanbeeffectedsafely.
32. Check for the arrangement for temporary and permanent traffic control devices, including
possiblesignals,temporarydiversionetc.
33. Checkthatthedesigndulyconsiderstheneedsofpersonswithdisabilities.

11.5. CHECKLIST4Audit:Stage4(DuringConstructionStage)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagebeenfollowed?Ifnot,whynot?
2. Whether information regarding the construction zone approaching has been provided
wellinadvanceornot?
3. Whether standard procedure and contract conditions provided for proper
management of the construction site and road users are properly and safely
accommodated?
4. Whether the transitions from the existing road to the site of works safely and clearly laid
out?
5. Whether the width of the lanes is satisfactory for the traffic passing through the works
area?
6. Whethersightandstoppingdistancesadequateatsiteofworksandatintersections?
7. Whether bus stops appropriately located with adequate clearance from the traffic lane
forsafetyandvisibility.
8. Whether appropriate street lighting or other delineation provided at the road works to
ensure that the site is safe at night? Check the night time visibility of traffic control
devices.
9. Check for proper education and training programme for site operators and
managers, which would assist in creating and maintaining safer environment for
constructionworkersandroadusers.
10. For clear and sufficient information to the road user, advance warning signs installed
ornot?
11. Isthereanyprovisionofmarkedlanesforsafeandclearlyguidingroadusers?
12. Whether suitable measures provided through construction zones to control driver
behaviour?
13. Check for the adequacy of traffic control devices (such as signs, markings, cones,
drums, delineators, barricades, flashing lights etc.) required for each zone i.e., at
advance warning zone, at approach transition zone and at work zone? Check for
placementandvisibilityofthesecontroldevices.
14. Has permission been taken while changing the standard layouts from safety point of
view?
15. Whetherpoliceandotheremergencyservicesbeenconsulted?
16. Check for proper care and attention for pedestrian and nonmotorised traffic at
constructionsites.
17. Checkforadequatesafetyprovisionsfortheelderlyandpersonswithdisabilities.
18. Whether construction workers provided with protective clothing etc. reflecting jackets,
hardhats,glovesetc.?
19. Whether flagmen are available on duty at the appropriate places? Check for proper
traffic management practice to avoid inhibiting traffic to pass clear of work site and
necessaryattentiontoroadsidesafety.
20. Whether the temporary diversion is provided at work zones in compliance with the
contractandtrafficmanagementplanapprovedbytheEngineer.
21. Whether the Traffic Management Plan at work site prepared and submitted by the
ContractortotheEngineerforapproval.
22. IstheSupervisionEngineerensuringtherequiredqualityoftrafficmanagementplan?
23. Whether arrangements of First Aid Box and other emergency care exist for persons
gettinginjured.
24. Whethersuitablespeedreducingmeasuresareprovidedatworkzones.

11.6. CHECKLIST5Audit:Stage5 (CompletionofConstruction/Pre

Opening)
1. Haveallrecommendationsfromthepreviousstagesbeenfollowed?Ifnot,whynot?(Involvethe
siteengineer)
2. Testtheinstallationsoftrafficcontroldevicesasaroaduser:bycar,bytruck,bybus,bycycleand
onfootfromdisabledroaduserangle.Alsointhedark/nighthours.
3. Examinethecarriagewayfordefects,especiallyatjunctionstoexistingroads.
4. Hastheopeningoftheroadfacilitybeenadequatelypublicized?
5. Howwillthetransitionphaseproceed?
6. Checkthatprovisionforemergencyvehicleaccessandstoppingissafe?
7. Checkthatalldelineatorsandpavementmarkingsarecorrectlyinplace.
8. Check that all signs and other traffic control devices are correctly in place. Check that they are
likelytoremainvisibleatalltimes.
9. Checkthattheroadmarkingsasinstalledhavesufficientcontrastwiththesurfacingandareclear
ofdebris.
10. Checkthatalllightingoperatingiseffectivefromsafetypointofview.
11. Checkthatnoroadsidehazardhasbeeninstalledoroverlooked.
12. Check that the form and function of the road and its traffic management are easily recognised
underlikelyoperatingconditions.
13. Check that all temporary arrangements, signing, etcetera have been removed and replaced
bypermanentarrangements.
11.7. CHECKLIST 6 Audit: Stage 6 (On Existing Roads or During

Operation&Management)
1. Carryoutinspectiondonotforgettotaketheresultsofaccidentsanalysisandrelevantchecklists
withyou.
2. Doestheactualfunctionoftheroadcorrespondtoitsintendedfunction?
3. Aretheprevailingspeedlevelswithindesirablelimits?
4. Do the equipment and standard of the road correspond to its function, speed level and
classification?(Usechecklist2and3,aswellasanyspecificchecklists,whicharerelevant.)
5. Doroadusersparkinwaysthatcouldconstitutehazards?
6. Doplantationsobscurevisibilityortheviewofsigns?
7. Arethesurfaceandcarriagewaymarkingsingoodcondition?
8. Are there any signs that road users drive over islands or kerbs or that the routes taken by
motoriststhroughjunctionsandbendsarelessthanideal?
9. Aretheresignsofotherconflictsituationsandminoraccidents?
10. Arethespecifieddistancestorigidobstaclesmaintainedforallgroupsofroadusers?
11. Aremediansandislandsofadequatewidthforthelikelyusers?
12. Aretheresignsofpedestriantrafficinplacesthatseemhazardoustopedestrians?
13. Doesthereappeartobeaneedformoreorbettercrossingfacilitiesforpedestrians?
14. Doesthereappeartobeaneedformoreorbetterfacilitiesforcyclists?
15. Hasdueconsiderationbeengiventochildren,theelderly,personswithdisabilities?
16. Arebusstopsandbusbayssafelylocatedwithadequatevisibilityandclearancetothetrafficlane?
17. Anyprovisionsforparkingsatisfactoryinrelationtotrafficoperationsandsafety?
18. Are all locations free ofconstructionormaintenanceequipment, and any signing ortemporary
trafficcontroldevicesthatarenolongerrequired?
19. Areovertakingopportunitiesavailableforheavyvehicleswherevolumesarehigh?
20. Aretheroadboundariesfreeofanyactivitiesthatarelikelytodistractdrivers?

21. Is the location of rest areas and truck parking areas along the route appropriate and
adequate?
22. Is sufficient warning provided in advance of breaks in service roads and openings in
mediansfortrafficusingmultilanehighway?
23. Are there reasonable traffic calming measures in place for the road stretches passing
throughhabitationsandbuiltupareas?
11.8. CHECKLIST7Planning
1. Is there a development plan or development strategy for the area and, if so, does the project
conformtothis?
2. Is the proposed design appropriate in relation to the forecast traffic volumes, traffic
characteristicsandtheadjoininglanduse?
3. Does the route fit in with the physical constraints imposed by the topography? Does the route
servemajorgeneratorsoftrafficinasafeandadequatemanner?
4. Isthefrequencyofjunctionsandtheirtypeappropriateforthefunctionoftheroadanditsdesign
speed?
5. Doestheprojectroadfitinwellwiththeexistingroadnetwork?(Checkforpotentialproblemsat
theconnectionswillchangesintrafficvolumescauseproblems)
6. Doestheprojectroadrelieveroutesorsiteswithbadaccidentrecords?Doesithaveanyharmful
effectsonsafetyonthesurroundingroadnetwork?
11.9. CHECKLIST8Alignment
1. Istheproposeddesignspeedappropriatetothefunctionoftheroad,themixoftrafficlikelyto
use it, and the road environment? (Check whether different sections need different design
speeds?).
2. If the speed is not up to the mark of design speed, whether proper cautionary sign have been
provided?
3. Does the alignment (horizontal and vertical) give sufficient forward visibility for the selected
designspeed?(Checkforinadequatestoppingsightdistances)
4. Checkforconsistencythroughouttheroute;noteanylocationwherealignmentstandardchanges
abruptlyandisnotaswouldbeexpectedbydrivers.
5. Dothehorizontalandverticalalignmentsfittogethercomfortably?(Checkforbadcombinations,
suchasasharpbendimmediatelyafterasummitcurve,andsagcurvewithinabend).
6. Does the alignment provide safe overtaking opportunities? Does it avoid creating situations
where the forward visibility is marginal for overtaking (neither clearly adequate nor
inadequate)?
7. Doesthetreatmentatcurves,proposedifany,makeappropriate,adequateandsafeprovisionfor
transitioncurves,superelevationandcarriagewayandformationwidening?
8. Doestheverticalalignmentposeexcessivedemandsonthepowerofheavyvehicles?Hasitbeen
designed so those maximum grades are interspersed with recovery grades? Are there passing
placestoenablefastervehiclestoovertakeslowmovingheavyvehicles?
9. Isthetransitionbetweenprojectroadandtheexistingroad(s)i.e.,accessroadshandledsafely?

11.10. CHECKLIST9CrossSection
1. Arethewidthsofthecarriageway,shoulders,medians(ifany),serviceroadsinaccordancewith
standardsandadequateforthefunctionoftheroadandvolumeandthemixoftrafficlikelytouse
it?
2. Checkwhetherbridgeshavefootpathsandtheyhavepropergradients/crashbarriers.
3. Note any location where the crosssection standard changes abruptly along the route or is
otherwiseinconsistentwithdriverexpectations.
4. Identify any locations where the capacity of the roadway is restricted and note locations of
regulartrafficcongestion.
5. Havetheshouldersandsideslopesbeendesignedtoasafestandardandnoteanylocationswith
inadequateshoulderwidth?
6. Havethesidedrainsbeendesignedtoasafestandard?Arethebatterslopesanddrainssafefor
runoffvehiclestotraverse?
7. Is the transition between the project road and the existing road(s) handled safely?
(Checkformajorchangesinstandards).
8. CheckwhetherthecrosssectionhasadequateprovisionfortheVulnerableRoadUsersincluding
personswithdisabilities:
a. Pedestrians: Have paved footpath, adequate refuge width on median and
properramps,upanddownkerbs,wherethereisregularpedestriantraffic?
b. Bicyclists: Segregated areas (e.g. paved shoulders) where numbers are
significant.
11.11. CHECKLIST10Junctions
General
1. Is the general layout of junction caters safely for all road users including disabled road users?
(Checkwhetherthereareotherjunctionstooclosetoit.Checkwhetherapproachingdriverswill
getaclearviewofit.Checkwithrespecttopedestrians,cyclistsandtwowheelersetc.)
2. Thetypeofjunction(Ttype,staggered,signalcontrolled,roundabout)suitableforthefunction
ofthetwoormoreroads,thetrafficvolume,thetrafficmovements(pedestriansandvehicular)
andthesiteconstraints?Isitsafestalternative?
3. Isthelayoutofthejunctionadequateforallpermittedvehicularmovementsandforalltypesof
vehicles?
4. Will the general type of junction, its layout and the priority rules be recognised by approaching
drivers well in time? Is the route through junction as simple and clear as possible? (Check for
unusualorovercomplicatedlayouts?Checkthatsignagesandmarkingarecorrectandclear?)
5. Doesthelayoutencourageslowcontrolledspeedsatandonthe approachtostop/givewaylines
andothercriticaldecisionpoints?(CheckforYandskewjunctions,whichcanbeaproblem.Also
roundaboutwithinadequatedeflection?)
6. Arethesightlinesatandontheapproachtostop/givewaylinesandothercriticaldecisionpoints
adequate and unobstructed? (Check for Y and skew junction, which can be problem. Check signs,
lightingcolumns,pedestrianguardrailsetc.?)
7. Isthereadequateprovisionforchannelisingthedifferentstreamsoftraffic?(Checktheprovision
forrightturnlanes,decelerationlanesandaccelerationlanes?)
8. Isadequateprovisionmadeforpedestriansandnonmotorisedvehicles?
9. Istheprovisionofnighttimelightingadequate,ifnotwhatthedeficienciesare?
10. Arejunction(s)atthatstretchhavingpropermarkings,signsandstudstoavoidaccidents?

Roundabouts
1. Is the geometry simple and easily understood? (Pay attention to roundabouts which are not
circular,orwhichhaveawkwardentrypaths).
2. Aretheretoomanyentriesforsafeefficientoperation?Aretheysufficientlyseparatedfromeach
othertoavoidconfusion?
3. Doesthedesigndeflectenteringtrafficsufficientlytoensureentryspeedsaresafer?(Checkentry
pathcurvature,centreislandsizeandpositioning).
4. Is there visibility for entering traffic adequate? (Check if visibility is too good, if it encourages
entryspeedswhicharetoohigh)
5. Isthevisibilityforcirculatingtrafficadequate?
6. HastheCentralIslandbeendesignedtobeforgivingtoerrantvehicles?
7. Hasadequateprovisionbeenmadeforpedestrianstocrossthearmsofthejunction?
8. Havetheneedsofcyclistsandothernonmotorisedvehiclesbeenconsidered?
9. Doesthesigningmaketheprioritiesclear?(Enteringtrafficmustgivewaytocirculatingtraffic).
SignalControlledJunction
1. Doesthesignalsequenceconformtotherequirementsoftheregulationsandstandards?
2. Dothesignalsclearlyindicatewhichmovementsareallowedatanyonetime?Arethetimingsof
variousphasesofsignalcycleadequate?
3. Arethesignalheadspositionedsothatdriverscanseethemeasily,andintimetoreact(stopor
go)?
4. Arethesignalsforcompetingphaseslocatedinsuchawaythattheyarevisibleonlytothetraffic
forwhichtheyareintended?
5. Areallrightturningmovementsprotectedasfaraspossible?
6. Dothesigning;markingandchannelisationmakeitcleartodriverswhatpaththeyshouldtake
throughthejunction?
7. Arepedestriancrossingplacesmarked,andarepedestrianschannelledtothesecrossings?
8. Arethepedestriansignalspositionedsothosepedestrianscanseethem?
9. Whether the pedestrian crossing signal controls are provided where appropriate? If
so, there is a need for the crossing movements to be fully protected from conflicting traffic
movementsforexamplewheretherewillbeseriousconflictswithturningtraffic.
VegetationandPlantation
1. Is the top of vegetation in the traffic island as well as channelisers, dividers less than 600 mm
abovetheroadtoplevelforalengthof15mfromtheendofthedividers?
2. Is the vegetation/plantation at the corners of the junction retracted for enough back
fromtheedgeoftheshoulderstoaffordclearviewofapproachingtraffictothedriver?
3. Aretherenobranchesoftreesprojectingovertheroadberms/pavementataheightlessthan7
m?

11.12. CHECKLIST11RoadSigns
1. Is the provision for road signs (regulatory, warning and informatory signs and delineators)
adequate and in accordance with standards? (Check with respect to size, shape and placement
etc.)
2. Checkforanyunauthorizedtrafficsignsanduseofnonstandardsigns(colourandshape).
3. Locationandspacingofsigns:
a. Notelocationswheretherearetoomanysignsplaced.
b. Notethesignsplacedtooclosetoeachother.
4. Note if all traffic signs are clearly visible and are prominently displayed for the
intendedroadusers.
5. Find any instances where the legibility of the information on traffic signs is inadequate,
bearinginmindthespeedofvehiclesandtheamountofinformationdisplayed.
6. Determine effectiveness of traffic signs by observing them at night and identify any lack of
reflectivity.
7. Examine type of sign posts used and record situations where sign posts constitute a fixed
roadsidehazardorwheretheuseoffrangiblesignpostsshouldbeconsidered.
8. Arethereanysituationswheretrafficsignsthemselvesareobstructingessential'LineofSight'for
driversandpedestrians.
9. RegulatoryandWarningsigns:
a. Areappropriateregulatorysignsprovidedwherenecessary?
b. Arewarningsignsprovidedonlywheretheyarewarranted?
10. Informatorysigns:
a. Hassigningbeendoneonasystematicrouteorregionalstrategythatitislogicalandmeets
needsofunfamiliardriver?
b. Areallimportantjunctionsprovidedwithadvancedirectionsign,distanceinformationsign
andintersectionsignetc.?
c. Arethesesignscorrectlypositionedtoenabletherequiredtimelyactiontobetakenbythe
intendeddrivers?
d. Findinstancesofpoorlegibilityandpoorarrangementofinformationonsigns.
e. Overheadsignssize,messageinformationadequate,languagesasperIRCstandards.
11.13. CHECKLIST12RoadMarkings
1. Generaladequacyandvisibilityofroadmarkings,duringday/nighttimeandinwet/dryweather
conditions
2. Hascorrecttypeofmarkingsbeenusedinvarioussituations(e.g.laneline,edgelineetc.)?
3. Arecorrectcoloursusedforlayingroadmarkings?
4. Isthereanydeficiencyinthedelineationofmergeanddivergeareas,includingsituationswhere
'through'trafficmayinadvertentlyleadintoauxiliaryandturnlanes?
5. Arezebracrossingmarkingsprovidedatjunctionsandmidblocksofthesections(dependingupon
themovementofpedestrian)?
6. Ispositioningofstoplinesappropriate?
7. Arethedirectionalarrowsmarkedonthepavementguidingthedriverorcreatingconfusiontothe
driver?
8. Aretherelocationswherethereisalackof'Hazardmarkings'atapproachendofisland,medians
andculverts/bridgesetc.?
9. Haveretroreflectivemarkersbeeninstalled?Wherecolouredmarkersareused,havetheybeen
installedcorrectly?
10. Ifchevronalignmentmarkersareinstalled,havethecorrecttypesofmarkersbeenused?

11.14. CHECKLIST13Lighting
1. Isthereanyneedoflightingontheprojectroads,orpartsofit,tobelightedatnight(particularly
wheretherearepedestriansandparkingalongtheroad)importantinterchanges,busbays,truck
laybyes,tollplazas?
2. Aretheproposedlightingschemeandilluminationlevelsofan appropriatestandard,consistent
withtheneedsofthelocation,pedestrianandotherfactors?
3. Identifythelocationswherestreetlightingcolumnsconstituteahazardtotraffic(ontheoutside
ofsharpcurves,onsmallislands,nosesofmedians)orwhichmayconflictvisuallywithtrafficsignals
orsigns?
4. Does the existing street lighting enhance as 'route guidance', rather than confuse the drivers
abilityto'seethedirectionoftherouteahead'?
5. Aretheappropriatetypesofpolesusedforalllocationsandcorrectlyinstalled(e.g.slipbaseat
correctheight,rigidpolesprotectsifwithinclearzone)?
6. Haslightingforsigns,particularlyoverheadsigns,beenprovidedwherenecessary?
7. Arethereanylightingortelephonepolesclosetotheedgeof thebermssoastoposehazardto
traffic?
8. Arethereanylightingpolesinthemedianunprotectedbycrashbarriers?
11.15. CHECKLIST14RoadsideHazards
1. Is a clear zone provided in accordance with the guidelines? Is the appropriate
treatmentorprojectionprovidedforanyobjectswithintheclearzone?
2. Are bridge and culvert parapets and other obstructions close to moving traffic? If so,
can they be relocated? If not, are they adequately provided with signs and, where
necessary,protectedbysafetybarrier?
3. Are bridge parapets designed to contain errant vehicles, where the speed and
volumeoftrafficwarrantsthem?
4. Are the ends of bridge parapets, bridge railing and pedestrian guardrail/crash
barriersofasafedesign?
5. Arethereanypolesorcolumnsalongtheroadandcommentonwhethersomeoranyofthemcan
beremoved,relocatedtolesshazardouspositionsetc.
6. Isthereadegreeofhazardassociatedwithlargetrees,boulders,etc.andwhetherthesecanbe
treatedtoimproveroadsidesafety?
7. Dothetreesandothervegetationobstructdriverandpedestriansightlines,whichareessential
forsafetrafficoperation?
8. Arethereany'fixedroadsideobjects',whichoccurwithintheroadway?Commentontheneedto
treatthemintermsofroadsafety?
9. Isthereanexistenceofroadsidestallsandotherroadsidebusinessactivitieswithintherightof
wayoftheroad?
10. Aretheprovidedcrashbarrierssuitableforthepurpose?
11. Is the length of crash barrier at each installation adequate? Are the crash barrier installed
correctly?
12. Istheprovidedbarrier/fencingintheclearzonefreeofseparatehorizontalrails?
13. Isthereadequatedelineation/visibilityofbarriersandfencesduringnighttime?
14. Arethereanythornybushesbytheroadside,whosebranchesarelikelytohurtthepassengers
occupyingthewindowseatofavehicle,especiallyanonACbus?
15. Isanythickgrowthofvegetationbytheroadsideenoughfarbackfromtheedgeofthepavement
toenableadrivertotakeprotectivestepsintimeifanyhumanoranimalshouldrunacrosstheroad
frombehindorwithinthevegetation?

16. Arethereanysharpedgedorpointedfixturesortopsofsupportingverticalsonthemediancrash
barriers or on dividers which can hurt a motor cyclist in case of a collision or crash or loss of
balance.?
17. Arethereanyvillagenameboardsordirectionboardsbytheroadsidewithpointedendstohurta
passengerinabusonwindowseat?
18. Bridges/Canal crossings: Are the open spaces by the side of ends of Parapets covered by
protectivecrashbarriersorwallstopreventvehiclesgoingintotheriverorcanal?
19. Havetheroadsidetreesclosetoedgeofberms,whichcannotberemovedforwantofpermission
oftreeauthority, been made visibleat nightandday bywhite washing/pasting reflectivetapeon
them?
20. Isthe heightof vegetationin themedian at breaks inmedian at junctionsor forU Turnsorfor
pedestriancrossingsreducedtolessthan60cmforalengthof20mtoaffordcompletevisibilityto
drivers?
21. Istheheightofvegetationinthemedianlessthan60cmoncurves?
22. Is the median clear of any trees with trunks with girth greater than 30 cm? If not, are such
locationsenvelopedbyprotectivecrashbarriers?
23. Are fixing details of pipe railing such that the entire length of pipe is smooth and continuous
withoutanyprojectiononroadwardside?
24. Areentrancestoabandonedroadsproperlyfencedoff?
11.16. CHECKLIST15RoadsideFacilities
1. Dothecrosssection,alignmentandsignagesencouragedriverstoadjusttheirspeedonentering
the town or village and maintain it at an appropriate level? (Check that it will be quite clear to
driversthattheroadenvironmentischangingandthattheyslowdown).
2. Isthereadequateandsafeprovisionforpedestriansandnonmotorisedtraffictowalkalongsidetheroad
andtocrossit?(Checkforprovisionoffootpaths,shouldersandsafecrossingplacesandwhether
pedestrianmovementsarecontrolledandchannelledbyguardrailinbusyplaces?)
3. Arethedesignandprovisionofroadsideparkingandaccessto propertiesadequate,controlled
andsafe?
4. Has the opportunity been taken to improve the traffic and parking situation in the town
and villages through which the road passes? (Check for junction improvements,
accesscontrol,provisionofservicelanes,parkingareasandbusstops).
5. Are bus stop locations safe and proper and whether the provision for buses to stand
clear of traffic lanes has been made? Also is there need for lighting at these locations
forthesecurityandsafetyofpassengers?
6. Is there any need for overtaking opportunities along the route at regular intervals on
dividedroads,particularlywheretrafficflowsarehighorinhillyterrain?
7. Consider the need for rest areas and other roadside stopping places e.g., truck stops,
scenic view points, wayside picnic areas etc, and note any current 'unofficial' places
wherevehiclesstopandthedegreeofhazardthatthisinvolves.
11.17. CHECKLIST16VulnerableRoadUsers
1. Hastherebeenasurveyofnonmotorisedvehicleandpedestrianflows?
2. Will there be any major conflicts between motorised traffic and pedestrians and other
disabled/handicappedroadusers?
3. Have pedestrians need for crossing the road and walking safely alongside it been
adequately provided for? (Check particularly in towns and villages and at all junctions
checkshoulderwidthcheckwhetheritisdesirableandfeasibletoprovideasegregatedfootway
checkwhetherstepsareprovidedwherepedestrianswillhavetoclimbhighembankments).

4. Is the provision for pedestrians and nonmotorised vehicles at bridges and narrow sections
adequateinrelationtopedestrianandvehiculartrafficvolumesandtrafficspeeds?
5. Have measures been taken to reduce the accident risk for children going to and from roadside
schools (Pedestrian guardrail may be needed to prevent children from running out into the
road)?
6. Have the need of cyclists and other nonmotorised vehicles been provided for (Check shoulder
width check the need and feasibility of segregated cycle/cycle rickshaw lanes, especially in
towns)?
7. Arebicyclesafegratesprovidedatdrainagepitswherenecessary?
8. Doesthevolumeofmotorcycletrafficjustifytheprovisionofseparatelanes?(Checkintowns).
9. Arebusstopsappropriatelylocatedwithadequateclearancefromthetrafficlaneforsafetyand
visibility?
10. Wherenecessary,isfencinginstalledtoguidepedestriansandcyclistsatcrossingsoroverpasses?
11.18. CHECKLIST17DevelopmentProposals
1. HorizontalAlignment:
a. Isvisibilitysatisfactoryatproposedaccess,includingthatforpedestrians?
b. Arecurveradiiandforwardvisibilitiessatisfactory?
c. Arevergewidthssatisfactory?
2. VerticalAlignment:
a. Aregradientssatisfactory?
b. Aresightandstoppingdistancesmaintained?
3. ParkingProvision:
a. Isoffsiteparkingadequatetominimiseonstreetparkingandassociatedrisks?
b. Areparkingareasconvenientlylocated,withadequateturningfacilities?
4. ServicingFacilities:
a. Areoffstreetloading/unloadingareasprovided?
b. Arethereanyturningfacilitiesforlargevehicles?
c. Isemergencyvehiclesaccessprovidedfor?
5. Landscaping:
a. Doeslandscapingaffectvisibilityatjunctions,bendsoraccesspoints?
b. Istreeplantingproposedwherevehiclesaremostlikelytorunoffroad?
6. TrafficSignsandRoadMarkings:
a. Havenecessarytrafficsignsandroadmarkingsbeenprovidedaspartofdevelopment?
7. OtherTrafficControlDevicesRoadSidefurniture,delineators,crashbarriers,guardrails,etc.
8. Others:
a. Willtherebeareawideeffectonotherroads?
b. Willdesignkeepspeedsdownwherenecessary?
c. Arenumberofaccesspointstobusyroadsminimisedbylayout?
d. Arefootpaths(sidewalks)necessaryandprovidedadequately?
e. Arecycletracksrequired?
f. Isstreetlightingrequired/adequate?
g. Arebusbaysandstopssafelylocated?
h. Aredroppedcrossingsprovidedatpreferredpedestrianrouteorcrossingpoints?
i. Ispedestrianguardrailprovidedwherewalkwaysjointhehighway?
j. Aretrucklaybyesrequired?
k. Aretollplazascongestionfree?

11.19. CHECKLIST18MaintenanceWork
1. Is it publicised to the necessary extent about road works, including applicable speed limitsand
diversions?
2. Are temporary traffic signals or road markings adequate and does the message reach all road
users?
3. Hasatemporaryspeedlimitbeensuggestedandisitproper?
4. Willtheunaffectedroadusersmisunderstandtemporarytrafficsignals?
5. Isthestandardofproposedsignsadequate?
6. Willitbenecessarytoilluminatecriticalpoints?
7. Willtheworksite,enclosingmaterial,etc.behaveasarigidobstacle?
8. Willtherebesafeaccesstotheworkplace?
9. Hasasafetyzonebeenproposedandisitadequate?
10. Has due consideration been given to ail groups of road users in the layout of
staggeringanddiversions?



AppendixLWasteWaterRecyclingTechniques
12 AppendixLWasteWaterRecycling
Techniques
12.1. WasteStabilisationPondSystems(WSPS)
Keyfeaturesofthetechnology
Simpletoconstruct,operateandmaintain
Doesnotinvolveinstallationofexpensiveelectromechanicalequipment
Operates on a combination of solar energy and natural forces and thereby has very low O&M
costs.
Extremelyrobustandcanwithstandhydraulicandorgansshockloads
Effluentsfrommaturationpondaresafeforreuseinagricultureandaquaculture.
Performance
CanreliablyproducehighqualityeffluentwithlowBOD,SS,FecalColiformandhighDOlevels.
BODreductionoftheorderof90%andmore
Suspendedsolidsreductionissomewhatlessduetopossibleoverflowofalgae
Coliformreductioncouldbeupto6longunits
Totalnitrogenremovalbetween7090%
Totalphosphorusremovalbetween3045%
Specificrequirements
Incaseofunlinedponds,soilandgeohydrologicalsurveyduringplanningstagetoassessriskof
groundwatercontamination.
Sulphateconcentrationinrawwastewaterunder300mgSO4/Ltoavoidodournuisance.
Applicability
SuitableunderwarmIndianclimaticconditions
Forareaswitheasyavailabilityofland
Inareaswithsocialpreferenceforaquaculture
Inareaswithlow,unreliableorexpensivepowersupply.
12.2. DuckweedPondSystem(DPS)
Naturalandsimplewastewatersysteminvolvingshelteredpondlikecultureclots
Alargepondsubdividedintosmallercellsthroughfloatingbambooorothermaterialtobreakthe
waveandwindaction.
Extremely rapidly growing floating duckward vegetation serving as a dynamic sink for organic
carbon,dissolvednutrientsandminerals.
Thickmatofduckweedoutcompetingandinhibitinggrowthofotheraquaticplants.
Pondfunctioningasafacultativelagoonwithdeeperlayersunderanaerobicenvironment.
Retentionperiodinthesystem721days
Continuousprocessrequiringintensivemanagementforoptimumproduction.
Yieldoflargequantitiesofproteinaceousmatterasfishfeedorasasupplementforanimalfeed.
Performance
CanmeetIndiandischargestandardsforBODandSS.RemovalofAmmonicalnitrogen(N)
andDissolvedPhosphates(P)isalsosubstantial.
Forsettledwastewater,BODandSSbelow30mg/Lareattainableat12detentions.

Highnutrientandmineralremovalduetouptakebyduckweeds.
Primarytreatmentincludingscreening,greasetrap,gritremovalandsedimentation.
Preferably the influent BOD, SS and ammonia to be under 80 ppm, 100 pm and 50 ppm
respectively.
Aseriesofsmallercellsofaround10mx10mto10mx30mtobreakthecontinuuminthepond
(cellsizeasafunctionofwindspeed,pondsizeandwaveaction.
Cell borders made with floating bamboo mats or PVC profiles to shelter from wind and wave
action
Impermeableliningofclayorartificiallinersincaseofperviousandfracturedstrata
Outletstructurewithvariableweirheight
Nitrogenloadingofaround9km/ha/day
Smallsizeculturepondsforduckweedseedingandasfishnurseryponds.
Duckweeddryingandprocessingunitincaseoflargeharvestandforsaleasanimalfeed
Incaseofdownstreamaquaculturepondsintroducesuitablespeciesoffishese.g.GrassCarp.,
CommonCarp,SilverCarp,Rohu,Mingal,Cattleandfreshwaterprawns.
Applicability
LowstrengthdomesticwastewaterorafterprimarysedimentationwithinfluentBOD80mg/l
IncombinationwithexistingWSP
Ruralandsemiurbansettlementswitheasylandavailability
AsapolishingpondforanexistingactivatedsludgeplantorothertechnologybasedSTPs
12.3. FacultativeAerateLagoon(FAL)
Simpleflowschemewithoutprimaryorsecondarysettlingandsludgerecirculation
Deeplagoonwithanerobicbottomlayerandaerobictoplayer.
Simultaneousdegradationofsludgeinthebottomanddissolvedorganicsinthetoplayer.
LowerenergyinputcorrespondingtorequirementformaintainingonlydesiredDOlevelsinthe
toplayerandnotforcreatingcompletelymixedconditions.
Performance
As per the information in literature based on Indian experience the following performance is
expectedfromawellfunctioningaerobiclagoon:
BODremoval 7090%
Suspendedsolidsremoval 7080%
Coliformremoval 6099%
Typicalhydraulicdetentiontime3daysormore
Depthbetween25mdependingonlocalsoilandgroundwaterconditions
Effectiveoutletstructurewithbafflesandstillingbasintopreventsolidsoverflow.
Applicability
Standalonesystemforsewagetreatment
AsapretreatmentunitforWSP
AsanupgradationoptionforoverloadedWSPs.

12.4. TricklingFilter(TF)
Aproven100yearoldtechnology
Ruggedsystemwithsimpleandsilentoperation
LowerprocessmonitoringrequirementascomparedtoASP
Consistenteffluentquality.
Performance
PerformanceofaslowratetricklingfilteriscomparabletoASP
Applicability
Standalonetreatmentforsewageifoperatedatslowrates
AsahighrateroughingfilterforhighBODwastewater.
IncombinationwithASPforgoodandconsistentperformance
12.5. ActivatedSludgeProcess(ASP)
Keyfeatures
Provenandtestedformorethan78decadesalloverworld
Severalmodificationspossibletomeetspecificrequirements.
Performance
Very good performance in terms of BOD and SS. Treated effluent can most often satisfy the
current Indian effluentdischargestandards. Performance is critically dependent on sludge
settling characteristics and design of secondary clarifier. Sludge settling characteristics are
typically influenced by bioflocculation which in turn depends on growth rate of micro
organisms. Growth rate is generally controlled by controlling biological solids retention time /
foodtomicroorganismratio.
Uninterruptedpowersupplyforaerationandsludgerecirculation
Maintenanceofbiomassconcentrationintheaerationtankandpropersettlinginthesecondary
clarifier.
Applicability
Themostwidelyusedoptionfortreatmentofdomesticwastewaterformediumtolargetowns
wherelandisscare.
12.6. Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR)

Technology
Enhancedprimarytreatmentwithadditionofcoagulantsandflocculants.
Highrateprimarytubesettlersandintegratedthickeningofferingspaceeconomy.
Two stage high rate filtration through a biologically active media and with enhanced external
aeration.
Cocurrentupflowmovementofwastewaterandairenablehigherretentionandcontact.
Treatmentschemeexcludingsecondarysedimentationbutrecyclingofprimatesludge.
Deepreactorsenablinglowlandrequirements.

Acompactandrobustsystem.
Performance
SuspendedsolidsandBODremovalof90%and70%respectivelyintheprimaryclarifier.
HighqualityeffluentwithBOD10mg/Landtotalsystemefficiencyof9499.9%
Lowturbiditywithsuspendedsolidsunder15mg/Landtotalsystemefficiencyof98%
Pathogenremovalof2onthelogscale.
Additionofalumascoagulant(~@60ppm)
Polyelectrolyteforhighratesedimentation(~@0.20.3ppm)intubesettlers.
Specialandpatentedgranularfiltermedia`Bioloitemadeofclay.
BackwashofBIOFORbedandrecycleofthewastewater.
Treatment(digestion)anddisposalofsludgefromclarifier(notprovidedattheSTPsduetospace
limitations)
12.7. HighrateActivatedSludgeBioforFTechnology
Keyfeatures
Ingeneral,highlevelofmechanizationandsophistication
Theflowschemeexcludesprimarysedimentationtank
Superioraeratedgritchamberandclassifier
Circularaerationtankwithtaperedairdiffusionsystem
Secondstageaerationandrapidsandfiltrationthroughabiologicallyactivefiltermedia
Dissolvedairfloatationforsludgethickening.
Digesterhearingandtemperaturecontrolleranaerobicsludgedigestion.
Mixingofdigestercontentsthroughbiogas.
Dynamiccogenerationofelectricalandthermalenergythroughgasengines.
12.8. FluidizedAeratedBed(FAB)
Acompactandrobustsysteminvolvingextendedaerationprocesswithsubmergedaeration
Biomass growth on fluidized bed of plastic media enabling retention of biomass and long solid
retention time in the reactor leading to low food to `microorganism ratio and higher organic
removal.
Twostagebiologicaloxidation
Flexibilityinhandlingorganicloadbyadjustingquantityoffluidizedmedia
Reactorsupto5mdeepenablinglowlandrequirements
Tubesettlersagainofferspaceeconomy
Abilitytowithstandlimitedorganicoverload
Specialgradeplasticproprietarymediacustommadeforofferinghighspecificsurfacearea
Diffusedaerationsystem
SubmergedstainlesssteelscreensattheoutletofFABreactorstopreventmediaoverflow
Tubesettlersforcompactclarifier.
Options
Additionofcoagulantandpolyelectrolyteforcompactplants
Tertiarytreatmentofchlorination

Sludgetreatmentthroughthicknerandbagfilterpressordryingbeds.
Performance
HighBODremovalwitheffluentconcentrationunder10mg/L
Highsuspendedsolidsremovalwitheffluentconcentrationunder20mg/L
Faecalcoliformsremovaloftheorderof23logscaleatFAB2stage.
Applicability
TheFABtechnologybasedsystemisparticularlyapplicablefor:
Smalltomediumflowsincongestedlocations
Sensitivelocations
Decentralizedapproach
RelivingexistingoverloadedSTPs.
12.9. SubmergedAerationFixedFilm(SAFF)Technology
Essentiallyatricklingfilterwithenhancedoxygensupplythroughsubmergedaeration
Unconventional plastic media offering high void ratio and specific area compared to stone and
aggregates.
Largebiomassandlongsolidretentiontimeinthereactorleadingtolow`foodtomicroorganism
ratioandhigherorganicremoval.
Twostagebiologicaloxidation
Treatmentschemeexcludingprimarysedimentationandsludgedigestion
Reactorsupto6mdeepenablinglowlandrequirements.
Tubesettlersagainofferspaceeconomy.
Applicability
TheSAFFtechnologybasedsystemisparticularlyapplicablefor:
Sensitivelocations
Decentralisedapproach
Relivingexistingoverloadedtricklingfilters.
12.10. CyclicActivatedSludgeProcess(CASP)
Essentiallyactivatedsludgeprocessoperatedinbatchesthroughautocontrol
Aerationandsettlinginonetankleadingtolowerplantfootprint
Savingsinair/oxygensupplyandhenceenergy
Twolevelsoftreatmentpossibledependingontherequirement
Treatmentschemeexcludingprimarysedimentationandsludgedigestion
Completerelianceonautocontrol,uninterruptedpowersupplyisamust
Diffusedaerationsystem
Severalmovingparts
Performance
HighBODremovalof98%witheffluentconcentrationunder10mg/L
Highsuspendedsolidsremovalwitheffluentconcentrationunder20mg/L

Faecalcoliformsremovaloftheorderof23onlogscale.
Applicability
TheCyclicActivatedSludgeProcess(CASP)maybeapplicablefor:
Sensitivelocations
Decentralizedapproach
Relivingexistingoverloadedtricklingfilters.
12.11. UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanketProcess(UASB)
Keyfeatures
Nomechanicalcomponentsorexternalenergyrequirementsinthereactor,thereforeprocessnot
vulnerabletopowercuts
Noprimarytreatment,suspendedsolidinthewastewaterserveascarriermaterialformicrobial
attachment.
Recoveryofgaswithhighcalorificvalue
Lowsludgeproduction
Relativelysimpleroutineoperationandmaintenance
Biologicalactivitycanberestartedwithoutanyexternalseedingorspecialcareafterinterrupted
operations.
Performance
An UASB reactor can bring down the BOD of the domestic wastewater to 70100 mg/L and
suspendedsolids(TSS)to50100mg/L.However,sludgewashoutfromthereactorispossible
andeffluentBODandTSSisveryhighduringsuchepisodes.Theeffluentisstronglyanoxicwith
highimmediateoxygendemand(IOD).Shouldnotdirectlydischargedintowaterbodiesorused
foraquacultureorirrigationwithoutreaeration.
Useofanticorrosivematerials/paintsonexposedsurfaces
Frequentcleaning/desludgingofdistribution/divisionboxesandinfluentpipes
Skilledsupervisionduringstartupandforcontrolofbiomasslevelswithinthereactor
PosttreatmentoftheUASBeffluentisinvariablyrequired.
Controloftoxicmaterialsandsulfatesinthewastewaterisrequiredforefficientoperation.
Applicability
Thesuitabilityofthistechnologymaybedoubtfulasastandalonesecondarytreatmentoption.

AppendixMSolidWasteManagement:BestPractises
13 Appendix M Solid Waste Management: Best

Practises
13.1. Introduction
AsmentionedinIntroductionchapternumber1ofvolumeI,Zerowasteisgaininggroundasbeing
practicablyachievableinIndiancities,whichhavetheadvantageofsignificantrecyclingandreusein
the solid waste management system. Those can be improved and coordinated with the view to
moving towards zero waste scenarios. Further, in order to achieve the SLBs, waste management
techniques can be improved in all types of settlements. Some of the solid waste best practises are
coveredinthissection,theseare:
VelloreMunicipality,2000
PimpriChinchwadMunicipalCorporation(PCMC)
AmritsarMunicipalCorporation
13.2. Case:VelloreMunicipality,20005
A zero waste management (ZWM) project in Tamil Nadus Vellore district is an example of a
successful Solid Waste Management programme and its benefits. ZWM is a technique of handling
solidwastesthatattemptstorecover,recycleandreusemaximumwaste.
Wastesegregationatsource:Thispracticeleadstoreductionofspacerequirementforwaste
segregationatlaterstage.
Minimizespollution:groundwater,landandairpollutioncreatedatlandfillsitesisavoidedby
doingawaywithdisposalofwastesatdumpsitesandlandfills.
In Vellore Municipality, citizens were informed about the concept of ZWM and taught how to
segregate waste at the household or respective source. Red and green dust bins were provided to
each household unit for initiating waste segregation. Teams with two street beautifiers each, were
formed.Eachteamwasassigned300householdsandprovidedatricycleandasetofhandtools.The
tricyclehadtwocompartments,onegreenandtheotherred,to collectorganicandinorganicwaste
respectively.
The street beautifiers collect domestic garbage in their allocated zones. The waste collected in the
households in green and red dust bins are emptied in the colourmatching compartment of the
tricycleandbroughttothezerowastecentre.Inorganicwasteisseparatedintomorethan25items
under categories like bottles, plastics, metals, cardboard, paper, PVC etc.They are then packedand
soldtolocalwastecollectorsandrecyclerseverymonth.Mixedwaste(1015percent),whichcannot
berecycled,issenttolandfills.
Theorganicwasteiscompostedandtreatedintwostages:(a)cattledung/biodungcomposting(b)
vermicomposting.
Cattledungcomposting:theorganicwasteislaidinacompostingyardinlargecompartments
andspreadindifferentlayers.Eachlayeristreatedwithcattledungmicrobialinoculums.When
theheightofalayerreaches5feet,itiscoveredwithapolythenesheet.Thisfirststageof
compostingtakes45days.Thepolythenesheetstraptheheatgeneratedduringanaerobic
compostingandincreasetheinternaltemperatureto7075degreesCelsius.Thishigh
temperaturekillsthepathogens.Themoistureevaporatesandcondensesontheundersideofthe
5 India Sanitation Portal: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), P Amudha

polythene.Thecyclicmovementofwateralsocyclesthebacteriaaidingrapiddecompositionand
reducingthevolumetoaboutonethirdin15days.After50days,thecompostcanbeharvested,
sievedandpackedinbagsforsale.
Vermicomposting:semidecomposedorganicwasteisputintovermicompostingbedsafter15
days.Thevermicompostcanbecollectedafter45days.Therichcompostedmanureissieved
andpackedforagriculturalpurposesandaforestationactivities.
The Vellore solid waste management project is now managed by villagePanchayats supported by
ResidentialWelfareAssociationsandSHGs.Eachhouseholdandshoppaysforwastecollection.The
fundscollectedfrommonthlysubscriptionsandsaleofinorganicwasteandorganicmanureareused
forpayingthestreetbeautifiersandsupervisors.ThepilotsinVelloredistrictaresuccessfulbecause
ofinformedcommunitiesandtheirparticipation.Equallycrucialtothesuccessisthefullinvolvement
oflocalbodiesandtheircommitment.
Due to information technology in Municipal Solid Waste Management (SWM) sector has equipped
thissectorwithbettermanagementofthiscrucialmandatoryfunctionsundertheurbandomain,as
per 12th Schedule of 74th CAA. Better management of SWM includes GPS based vehicle tracking
system, trackingclearanceof secondarycollectionpoints,GIS based shortest route identification to
landfill/dumpingsiteetc.
13.3. Case: PimpriChinchwad Municipal Corporation

(PCMC)6
PimpriChinchwadisoneofthecitieswhohasdonepioneeringtaskofmonitoringitsSWMservices
throughtheuseofICT.
ThecityofPimpriChinchwadlocatednorthwestofPune,hasanarea171sq.km.withanestimated
populationofover12.5lakhs.PCMCdeployedGPSbasedvehicle trackingsystemduetolowcapital
cost of deployment and ease of operation. A step by step implementation strategy was followed at
PCMC:
Step1:Selectionoftechnologypartner
Step2:InstallationofGPSsystemonwastecollectionvehicles
Step3:GeoCodingofbinsacrossthecity
Step4:Developmentofwebbasedapplicationandpublicinformationsystem
Step5:Stabilizationofsystemandtrainingtostakeholders
BriefonSolidWasteManagementGPS&GISenabled
GeocodingoftheallthebinsacrossthecityweremarkedontheGISmappingdatabaseandrealtime
vehiclemovement(GPSlocationofthevehicleonwhichaGPSdevicewasinstalled)weremonitored
againstthemasperroute.Overallcityvide75differentrouteswereidentifiedandgeocodedwithGIS
map. An intelligence algorithm/logic was developed in web based application to flag the bin as
Served,whenawastecollectorvehiclestopsnearabinwithinaspecifieddistanceforasufficient
period.
Table13.1: PriorConditionsandAchievementsoftheProject
S.No. SituationpriortoproposedICTbasedSWMsystem Achievements
1 Monitoringofactualpickupofthewastefromthe Monitortheactualmovementandrealtime
assignedbins/localityandthesamewasrecorded positionofthevehicle.
purelyonmanualrecordingbasis.
2 Monitoringactualmovementofthefleetandits Analysethebinpickupstatusinrealtime.
productivityi.e.no.ofbinspickedbyeachvehicleon
6 JnNURM: Best Practices in e-Governance, MoUD (http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/BP_SWM.pdf )

S.No. SituationpriortoproposedICTbasedSWMsystem Achievements

schedulebasis.
3 Difficultyintrackingthenoncompliancetothe Improveservicedeliverymechanismand
schedules. achievebetterinformationmanagement.
4 Processesforvalidatingtheproductivityofthefleet Reducingtheunwanted
andpaymentsweredonepurelybasedonmanual trips/detours/stoppagesandenhancethe
recordsofno.oftripsmadebyeachvehicle. productivity/utilizationofthefleet.
5 Difficultyinlocatingthebinsinamanualprocess. GenerateMISandexceptionreporttotake
informeddecision.
6 Difficultyinmonitoringactualpickupofthewaste Greateraccountabilityonfieldlevelstaff.
fromtheassignedbins/localityanddumpinginthe
dumpingyardsandrecodingofdataisamanual
process.
7 Difficultyinpreparingstatusreportsasitisamanual Timelycompletionofjobwithgreater
processandtakesalotoftime. efficiency.
8 Measuringservicelevelwithbenchmarks,
makingitcompulsorytoeachULBtoachieve
thebenchmarks.
9 Improvepublicimageandalsoofferedatool
forRTI.
Source:JnNURM:BestPracticesineGovernance,MoUD( http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/wp-
content/uploads/2011/01/BP_SWM.pdf)
13.4. Case:AmritsarMunicipalCorporation7
Priortotheproject,Amritsarcityhadnodoortodoorcollectionofwasteandheapsofgarbagewas
seen in most of the localities. The sanitary conditions were very poor due to lack of unorganized
system of collection and transportation.The Sanitation Zones of 4, 5, 6 and 7 were selected for
collectionandtransportationofwaste.Thejobwasawardedtoaprivatepartyin2008foroperation
andmaintenanceoftheprojectfacility.
Themajoractivitiesundertheprojectincluded:
Provisionofadequatemachinery,equipmentandstafffortheprojectupgradingdoortodoor
servicesandSWMinfrastructure.
Vehicleshavealarmsystemforhousetohousecollection.
Primaryandsecondarystorageinbins.
Prohibitionofwastelitteringandarbitrarydisposalofwaste.
Publicawarenessforbettersanitation/wastemanagement.
Provisionofmobilecoveredbinsandsynchronizedtransportationmechanism,hasremoved
dhalaosandkudaghars.
Uniformsforthesafaisewaks,driversandsupervisorsetc.
Transportationofwastethroughhighcapacity,coveredvehicles.
ProvisionofcentralizedcomplaintredressalsystembytheContractor.
Arrangementforprocessingfacilitywithmultipleproductrecovery(workisinprogressthrough
privateparticipation)
ProjectAchievements:
Improveddoortodoorcollectionandefficient,hygienicallysafetransportationofwastetothe
landfillsite.
Improvementintheenvironmentalconditionsintheselectedzones.
Negligiblelitteringinthestreetsduetoawarenessofthecitizens,adequatebins,timelyand
effectivecollectionofwastefromthesourceanditsregulartransportation.
7 JnNURM-Toolkit for Solid Waste Management

Replacementofolddhalaos/kudagharswithcolourfulcollectionpoints,improvingaestheticsof
thearea.
Reducedmanualhandlingofwasteincollectionandtransportation.
Greaterawarenessamongcitizensaboutcleanliness/wastemanagement.
Reductioninexpenditureonimprovingthewastecollection/transportationunderSWMRules.

AppendixNHierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment
14 AppendixNHierarchyofSocial
InfrastructureDevelopment
Table14.1: HierarchyofSocialInfrastructureDevelopment
Planning AreaperUnit Total
Population S.No. Facilities No.
Unit (Ha) area(Ha)
Housing 5000 1 PrePrimary 2 0.08 0.16
Area
2 Primaryschool(ItoV) 1 0.40 0.40
3 AanganwariHousingarea/ 1 200to300sqm 200to
cluster 300sqm
4 CommunityRoom 1 750sqm 750sqm
5 ReligiousFacility 1 400sqm 400sqm
6 HousingAreaPark 1 0.50 0.50
7 Residentialunitplayarea 1 5000sqm 5000sqm
8 MilkDistribution 1 150sqm 150sqm
9 ConvenienceShopping 1 1500sqm 1500sqm
Neighbo 5000 1 SeniorSecondarySchool(VIto 12 1.80 3.60
urhood 15,000 XII)
2 Dispensary 1 0.08to0.12 0.08to
0.12
3 Communityhall, 1 2000sqm 2000sqm
mangalkaryayala,baratghar/
library
4 Neighbourhoodpark 1 1.00 1.00
5 NeighbourhoodPlayarea 1 1.50 1.50
6 Localshoppingincludingservice 1 4600sqm 4600sqm
centre
7 Postofficecounterwithout 1 85sqm 85sqm
delivery
8 Bankwithextensioncounters 1
withATMfacility
8a Floorareaforcounters 75sqm 75sqm
8b FloorareforATM 6sqm 6sqm
Commun 1Lakh 1 IntegratedSchoolWithoutHostel 1 3.50 3.50
ity facility(ItoXII)
2 IntegratedSchoolWithHostel 1 3.90 3.90
facility(ItoXII)
3 Schoolforphysicallychallanged 2 0.70 1.40
4 College 1 5.00 5.00
5 Nursinghome,childwelfareand 1 0.20to0.30 0.20to
maternitycentre 0.30
6 Polyclinic 1 0.20to0.30 0.20to
0.30
7 IntermediateHospital(Category 1 1.00 1.00
B)
8 IntermediateHospital(Category 1 3.70 3.70
A)
9 MultiSpecialityHospital(NBC) 1 9.00 9.00
10 SpecialityHospital(NBC) 1 3.70 3.70
11 FamilyWelfareCentre 2 500to800sqm 1000to
1600sqm
12 Diagnosticcentre 2 500to800sqm 1000to


Unit (Ha) area(Ha)
1600sqm
13 Dispensaryforpetanimalsand 1 300sqm 300sqm
birds
14 Music,danceanddramacentre 1 1000sqm 1000sqm
15 RecreationalClub 1 10,000sqm 10,000
sqm
16 MeditationandspiritualCentre 1 5000sqm 5000sqm
17 Communitypark 1 5.00 5.00
18 CommunitylevelMultipurpose 1 2.00 2.00
ground
19 DistrictSportsCentre 1 8.00 8.00
20 LPGGodown/Gasgodown 2 520sqm 1040sqm
(inclusiveofguardroom)
21 PolicePost 2 0.16 0.32
22 PoliceStation 1 1.50 1.50
23 FireStation 1 1.00 1.00
24 CommunityCentrewithservice 1 5.00 5.00
centre
25 WeeklyMarkets 1to2 0.40to0.80 0.40to
0.80
26 OrganisedInformaleatingspaces 1 2000sqm 2000sqm
27 DhobiGhat 1 5000sqm 5000sqm
28 TelegraphBookingCounter 1 200sqm 200sqm
29 Bankwithlocker,ATMandother 1 2500sqm 2500sqm
bankingfacilities
District 5Lakh 1 GeneralHospital(NBC) 2 6.00 12.00
2 VeterinaryHospitalforpetsand 1 2000sqm 2000sqm
animals
3 Oldagehome 1 Max.1000sqm Max.1000
sqm
4 Districtpark 1 25.00 25.00
5 Districtlevelmultipurpose 1 4.00 4.00
ground
6 DistrictCentre 1 40.00 40.00
7 CremationGround 1 2.50 2.50
8 BurialGround 1 4.00 4.00
9 Telephoneexchangeof40,000 1 4.00 4.00
lines
10 Telegraphbookinganddelivery 1 1700sqm 1700sqm
office
11 Headpostofficewithdelivery 2 750sqm 1500sqm
office
12 Headpostofficeand 1 2500sqm 2500sqm
administrativeoffice
Zonal 10Lakh 1 Schoolformentallychallanged 1 0.20 0.20
2 TechnicalEducationCentre(A) 1 4.00 4.00
Toinclude1IndustrialTraining
Institute(ITI)and1Polytechnic
3 TechnicalEducationCentre(B) 1 4.00 4.00
Toinclude1ITI,1Technical
Centreand1CoachingCentre
4 EngineeringCollege 1 6.00 6.00


Unit (Ha) area(Ha)
5 MedicalCollege 1 15.00 15.00
6 OtherProfessionalColleges 1 2.00to6.00 2.00to
6.00
7 NursingandParamedical 1 2000sqm 2000sqm
Institute
8 ReligiousFacility 1 4.00 4.00
9 Orphanage/ChildrensCentre 1 Max.1000sqm Max.1000
(Oneeach) sqm
10 Carecentreforphysically 1 Max.1000sqm Max.1000
mentallychallenged sqm
11 Workingwomenmenhostel 1 Max.1000sqm Max.1000
sqm
12 Adulteducationcentre 1 Max.1000sqm Max.1000
sqm
13 NightShelter 1 Max.1000sqm Max.1000
sqm
14 SocioCulturalcentre/ 1 15.00 15.00
Exhibitioncumfairground
15 ScienceCentre 1 Asper Asper
requirement requireme
nt
16 Subcitypark 1 100.00 100.00
17 Subcitylevelmultipurpose 1 8.00 8.00
ground
18 DivisionalSportsCentre 1 20.00 20.00
19 Districtofficeandbattalion 1 4.80 4.80
20 Policeline 1 4.00to6.00 4.00to
6.00
21 DistrictJail 1 10.00 10.00
22 Civildefenceandhomeguards 1 2.00 2.00
23 LocalWholesaleMarket/Mandi 1 10.00 10.00
Subcity 25Lakh 1 SubcityCentre 1 Asper Asper
centre 50Lakh requirement requireme
nt
City 50Lakh+ 1 CityCentre 1 Asper Asper
nt
2 InternationalConventionCentre 1 Asper Asper
nt
3 PoliceTrainingInstitute 1 5.00 5.00
4 PoliceFiringRange 1 upto10.00 upto
10.00
5 FireTrainingInstitute/College 1 3.00 3.00
OtherFacilities 1 UniversityCampus 10to60 10to60
2 VeterinaryInstitute AsperVeterinaryCouncilofIndia/
MinistryNorms
3 PetrolDiesel:Onlyfilingstation 30mx17m 30mx17
m
4 PetrolDiesel:Fillingcumservice 36mx30m 36mx30
station m
5 PetrolDiesel:Fillingcumservice 45mx36m 45mx
stationcumworkshop 36m


Unit (Ha) area(Ha)
6 PetrolDiesel:Fillingstationonly 18mx15m 18mx
fortwoandthreewheelers 15m
7 CNGmotherstation 1080sqm 1080sqm
8 TrafficandPoliceControlRoom Asper Asper
nt
9 PolicecampincludingCentral upto10.00 upto
PoliceOrganisation/Security 10.00
Forces
10 Subfirestation/FirePost 0.60 0.60
11 DisasterManagementCentre Onein 1.00to2.00 1.00to
each 2.00
administr
ativezone
12 ElectricCrematorium 1forlarge 2.00 2.00
sizetowns
13 Remotesubscriberunit 1for3km 300sqm 300sqm
radius
14 Readingroom Cityor
sub
city/Distri
ct/Comm
unity/neig
hbourhoo
dCentre
15 RehabilitationCentre Asper
requireme
nt
16 Policebooth Atmajor 1012sqm
intersecti
ons
Source: Chapter8,URDPFIGuidelines,2014

AppendixOAllotherPlanningrelatedActs
15 AppendixOAllotherPlanningrelatedActs
Figure15.1:PlanningrelatedActsandreferenceURLs
DocumentwebLocationfor
S.No. RelevantAct/Law
reference
http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htm
1 TheConstitutions73rdand74thAmendmentAct, http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend74.htm
1992
2 TheRighttoFairCompensationand http://indiacode.nic.in/actsinpdf/302013.pdf
TransparencyinLandAcquisition,Rehabilitation
andResettlementAct,2013
3 TheModelRegionalandTownPlanningand www.ndmindia.nic.in/.../VOLUME%20I%2
0Prop_Am_Legi_Regu_Add
DevelopmentLaw,1985
www.ielrc.org/content/e0331.pdf
4 ModelMunicipalLaw,2003
5 NationalManufacturingPolicy,2011
http://dipp.nic.in/english/policies/national_manufactu
ring_policy_25october2011.pdf
6 TheSpecialEconomicZonesAct,2005
http://sezindia.nic.in/writereaddata/pdf/SEZ%20Act,
%202005.pdf
www.msmeodisha.gov.in/PDF/MSMED_Act.pdf
7 TheMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises
Development(MSMED)Act,2006
8 TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSites http://www.nma.gov.in/nma/downloads/Act/AMASR_
andRemains(AmendmentandValidation)Act, Act2010_Gazette_Notification.pdf
2010
9 TheEnvironment(Protection)Act,1986
www.aerb.gov.in/AERBPortal/pages/English/t/actsrul
es/rules/epa.pdf
10 envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest2.html
TheForestConservationAct,1980
11 TheCantonmentAct,2006 http://www.cbdelhi.in/documents/ca2006.pdf
12

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URBANANDREGI ONALDEVELOPMENTPLANS

1 Implications of 73rd & 74th Constitution

4) Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats and Municipalities:

S.No. 29Itemsofthe11thSchedule S.No. 18Itemsofthe12thSchedule

to review the financial positions of municipalities apart from Panchayati Raj

In order to provide time to State Governments to allow changes to be made in the

1.2. New Roles and Functions of State Town and Country

1 UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 & MM

c) Assistance to the State Urban and Regional Planning Board in formulation of

1.3. Status of the Provisions of 74th Constitution Amendment

and other resources, integrated provision of infrastructure and environmental

Lack of incentives/initiatives for taking appropriate action for preparation of

c) The Area Planning and Development Authorities constituted to prepare and

2 The Right to Fair Compensation and

3 Model Regional and Town Planning and

1) Constitution of State Regional and Town Planning Board by the State

The main objective for setting up InterState Planning concept is to promote

Review the implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plan, Sub

Joint Area Committee: Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance,

Innovative Systems of Land Assembly: There are various techniques to

Land Pooling and Development Schemes2: Land Pooling scheme aims to

2 Source: Master Plan of Delhi, 2021.

Encouraging Private and Joint Sector Participation: The current policies of

TimeLine:Regional Plans and Development Plans should be for 20 years with

State Regulatory Body The UrbanRegional Planning& Development

DisasterRiskManagement:Disaster risk management with specific reference

City Infrastructure Fund: A City Infrastructure Fund should be established at

18) Enable setting up of State Municipal Regulatory Commission that will

The 13th Central Finance Commission suggests that the States

The 13th Central Finance Commission suggests that State Government

It is essential to provide for the extent of Exemption in the property

It is one of the optional reforms under JnNURM. Looking at the urban

The Model Municipal Law, 2003 is appended with URL in Appendix O of

5 State Level Legal Framework Comparative

35 Puducherry Departmentof PuducherryTown 10 4 6 60 4 0 40

Town Planning or Development scheme is an important tool to develop land; every

46 URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

The draft scheme is prepared by the Planning Authority and finalisation of

48 URDPFIGuidelines,2014. Volume IIA. MinistryofUrbanDevelopment

The GTPUDA also mandates the creation of a Special Planning Authoritythe

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assist and advise on the coordination of planning and implementation of physical

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Development Scheme for efficient implementation of Development Plans.

Landcanbeacquiredeitherbycompulsorily;or by agreement; or by taking an

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6 Legal Requirements for Industrial

Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) forms an integral part of Industrial

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Sr.No. Sector MaximumFDI%allowed

Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) has been established to

Manufacturing: FDI in MSE (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) is subject to

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6.4.2. National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)

development facilities etc. to provide a productive environment for persons

2. Formation of an agreement of implementation between State Government

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6. Role of Central Government: the Central Government shall perform the