3/7/2017 ThanjavurWikipedia

Coordinates:104700N79810E

Thanjavur
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Thanjavur,formerlyTanjore,[1]isacityinthesouth
IndianstateofTamilNadu.Thanjavurisanimportant Thanjavur
Tanjore
centerofSouthIndianreligion,art,andarchitecture.
MostoftheGreatLivingCholaTemples,whichare City
UNESCOWorldHeritageMonuments,arelocatedinand
aroundThanjavur.Theforemostamongthese,the
BrihadeeswaraTemple,islocatedinthecentreofthecity.
ThanjavurisalsohometoTanjorepainting,apainting
styleuniquetotheregion.

ThanjavuristheheadquartersoftheThanjavurDistrict.
Thecityisanimportantagriculturalcentrelocatedinthe
CauveryDeltaandisknownasthe"RicebowlofTamil
Nadu".Thanjavurisadministeredbyamunicipal
corporationcoveringanareaof36.33km2(14.03sqmi)
andhadapopulationof222,943in2011.Roadwaysare
themajormeansoftransportation,whilethecityalsohas
railconnectivity.ThenearestairportisTiruchirapalli
InternationalAirport,located59.6km(37.0mi)away
fromthecity.ThenearestseaportisKaraikalPort,which
is94km(58mi)awayfromThanjavur.

ScholarsbelievethenameThanjavurisderivedfrom
ViewoftheBrihadeeswararTemple,Marathapalace,
Tanjan,alegendarydemoninHindumythology.While
paddyfield,RajarajanManimandapam(BellTower)
theearlyhistoryofThanjavurremainsunclear,thecity andTamilUniversity
firstrosetoprominenceduringthereignofMedieval
Cholaswhenitservedasthecapitaloftheempire.After Nickname(s):RicebowlofTamilNadu,Cultural
thefallofCholas,thecitywasruledbyvariousdynasties capitalofTamilNadu
likePandyas,VijayanagarEmpire,MaduraiNayaks,
ThanjavurNayaks,ThanjavurMarathasandBritish
Empire.IthasbeenapartofindependentIndiasince
1947.

Contents
Thanjavur
1 History
2 Geographyandclimate
3 Tourismandculture
4 Economy
5 Demographics
6 Transport
7 Administrationandpolitics
8 Education
9 Utilityservices
Coordinates:104700N79810E
10 Notes
10.1 Footnotes Country India
10.2 Citations State TamilNadu
11 References Region CholaNadu

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12 Externallinks District Thanjavur

Government
Type Mayorcouncil
History Body Thanjavurcitymuncipalcorporation
Mayor SavithriGopal
Accordingtolocal Area
legend,theword Total 36.33km2(14.03sqmi)
Thanjavurisderived Arearank 11
from"Tanjan",an Elevation 88m(289ft)
asura(giant)in
Hindumythology Population(2011)
whowaskilledin Total 222,943
whatisnow Rank 14
Thanjavurbythe Density 6,100/km2(16,000/sqmi)
Hindugod Languages
Neelamegha Official TamilandEnglish
Perumal,aformof
Timezone IST(UTC+5:30)
Vishnu.[2][3]The
MapofThanjavurcityin1955 PIN 613xxx
wordThanjavuris
indeedaTamil Telephone 04362
code
name."Than"cold,"chei"farmland,"ur"city,acity
Vehicle TN49,TN68
surroundedbycoldfarmlands.Theword"Thancheiur"
registration
hasbecome"Thanjavur"
Website www.municipality.tn.gov.in/thanjavur
TherearenoreferencestoThanjavurinanyofthe (http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/than
Sangamperiod(thirdcenturyBCtofourthcenturyAD) javur)
Tamilrecords,thoughsomescholarsbelievethatthecity
hasexistedsincethattime.KovilVenni,situated15miles(24km)totheeastofthecity,wasthesiteofthe
BattleofVennibetweentheCholakingKarikalaandaconfederacyoftheCherasandthePandyas.[4]The
CholasseemedtohavefacedaninvasionoftheKalabhrasinthethirdcenturyADafterwhichthekingdom
fadedintoobscurity.TheregionaroundpresentdayThanjavurwasconqueredbytheMutharayarsduringsixth
century,whoruleditupto849.

TheCholascametoprominenceoncemorethroughtheriseoftheMedievalCholamonarchVijayalaya(841
878)inabout850.[5]VijayalayaconqueredThanjavurfromtheMutharayarkingElangoMutharayarandbuilta
templededicatedtoHindugoddessNisumbhasudani.[6]HissonAdityaI(871901)consolidatedtheholdover
thecity.[5]TheRashtrakutakingKrishnaII(878914),acontemporaryoftheCholakingParantakaI(907
950),claimstohaveconqueredThanjavur,buttherearenorecordstosupporttheclaim.[7]Gradually,
ThanjavurbecamethemostimportantcityintheCholaEmpireandremaineditscapitaltilltheemergenceof
GangaikondaCholapuraminabout1025.[8][9]Duringthefirstdecadeoftheeleventhcentury,theCholaking
RajaRajaCholaI(9851014)constructedtheBrihadeeswararTempleatThanjavur.Thetempleisconsidered
tobeoneofthebestspecimensofSouthIndiantemplearchitecture.[10][11][12][13]

WhentheCholaEmpirebegantodeclineinthe13thcentury,thePandyasfromthesouthinvadedandcaptured
Thanjavurtwice,firstduring121819andthenduring1230.Duringthesecondinvasion,theCholaking
RajarajaIII(121656)wassetinexileandhesoughtthehelpoftheHoysalakingViraNarasimhaII(122035)
toregainThanjavur.[14]ThanjavurwaseventuallyannexedalongwiththerestoftheCholakingdombythe
PandyakingMaravarmanKulasekaraPandyanI(12681308)in1279andtheCholakingswereforcedto
acceptthesuzeraintyofthePandyas.[15]ThePandyasruledThanjavurfrom1279to1311whentheirkingdom
wasraidedandannexedbytheforcesofMalikKafur(12961306)andDelhiSultanate.[16]TheSultanate

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extendeditsauthoritydirectlyovertheconqueredregionsfrom1311to1335andthenthroughthesemi
independentMa'barSultanatefrom1335to1378.Startingfromthe1350s,theMa'barSultanatewassteadily
absorbedintotherisingVijayanagarEmpire.

Thanjavurisbelieved
tohavebeen ThanjavurTimeline
conqueredby
2000 IndependentIndia
KampannaUdayar
duringhisinvasionof British
Srirangambetween 1800
Bhonsledynastyofthe
1365and1371.Deva Marathas
Raya'sinscription 1600
dated1443, VijayanagaraEmpire
Thajavurin1869 Thirumala's 1400
inscriptiondated1455 DelhiSultanate
Pandyas
andAchutaDeva's
1200
landgrantsdated1532and1539attestVijayanagar'sdominance

overThanjavur.[8][16]SevappaNayak(153280),theVijayanagar Cholas
viceroyofArcot,establishedhimselfasanindependentmonarch 1000
in1532(1549,accordingtosomesources)andfoundedthe
ThanjavurNayakkingdom.[17]AchuthappaNayak(15601614), 800
Anapproximatetimescaleof
RaghunathaNayak(160034)andVijayaRaghavaNayak(1634 Thanjavurrulers.
73)aresomeoftheimportantrulersoftheNayakdynastywho
ruledThanjavur.[11][18]ThanjavurNayakswerenotablefortheirpatronageofliteratureandarts.[19]Theruleof
thedynastycametoanendwhenThanjavurfelltotheMaduraiNayakkingChokkanathaNayak(166282)in
1673.[11]VijayaRaghunathaNayak,thesonofChokkanatha,waskilledinabattleandChokkanatha'sbrother
AlagiriNayak(167375)wascrownedastheruleroftheempire.[20]

Thanjavurwassuccessfullyconqueredin1674byEkojiI(167584),theMarathafeudatoryofthesultanof
BijapurandhalfbrotherofShivaji(1627/3080)oftheBhonsledynasty.EkojifoundedtheThanjavurMaratha
kingdomwhichruledThanjavurtill1855.[8][11]TheMarathasexercisedtheirsovereigntyoverThanjavur
throughoutthelastquarterofthe17thandthewholeofthe18thcentury.TheMaratharulerspatronized
Carnaticmusic.In1787,AmarSingh,theregentofThanjavur,deposedtheminorRaja,hisnephewSerfojiII
(178793)andcapturedthethrone.SerfojiIIwasrestoredin1799withtheassistanceoftheBritish,who
inducedhimtorelinquishtheadministrationofthekingdomandlefthiminchargeofThanjavurfortand
surroundingareas.ThekingdomwaseventuallyabsorbedintoBritishIndiain1855bytheDoctrineofLapse
whenShivajiII(183255),thelastThanjavurMaratharuler,diedwithoutalegitimatemaleheir.TheBritish
referredtothecityasTanjoreintheirrecords.[8]Fiveyearsafteritsannexation,theBritishreplacedNegapatam
(moderndayNagapattinam)withThanjavurastheseatofthedistrictadministration.UndertheBritish,
Thanjavuremergedasanimportantregionalcentre.The1871Indiacensusrecordedapopulationof52,171,
makingThanjavurthethirdlargestcityintheMadrasPresidency.[21]AfterIndia'sindependence,Thanjavur
continuedasthedistrictheadquarters.[22]

Geographyandclimate
Thanjavurislocatedat10.8N79.15E[23]ThetributariesofriverCauvery,namely,theGrandAnaicutcanal
(Pudhaaru),VadavaaruandVennaaruriversflowthroughthecity.ThanjavurissituatedintheCauverydelta,at
adistanceof314km(195mi)southwestofChennaiand56km(35mi)eastofTiruchirappalli.Whilethe
plainsimmediatelyadjoiningtheCauveryriverhavebeenundercultivationfromtimeimmemorial,mostof
Thanjavurcityandthesurroundingareaslieinthe"NewDelta"adry,barrenuplandtractwhichhasbeen
broughtunderirrigationduringtheearly19thcentury.[24][25]TothesouthofThanjavurcity,istheVallam
tableland,asmallplateauinsterspersedatregularintervalsbyridgesofsandstone.[26]Thenearestseaportis
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Nagapattinamwhichis84km(52mi)eastofThanjavur.ThenearestairportisTiruchirapalliInternational
Airport,locatedatadistanceof56km(35mi).Thecityhasanelevationof57m(187ft)abovemeansealevel.
Thetotalareaofthecityis36.33km2(14.03sqmi).[27]

ClimatedataforThanjavur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Averagehigh 29.2 32.0 35.0 36.3 38.1 37.5 34.6 34.1 34.0 33.0 29.4 28.3 33.46
C(F) (84.6) (89.6) (95) (97.3) (100.6) (99.5) (94.3) (93.4) (93.2) (91.4) (84.9) (82.9) (92.23)
Averagelow 18.2 19.2 21.3 24.8 26.3 26.0 25.1 24.6 24.1 22.9 20.8 19.2 22.71
C(F) (64.8) (66.6) (70.3) (76.6) (79.3) (78.8) (77.2) (76.3) (75.4) (73.2) (69.4) (66.6) (72.88)
Average
33.0 13.0 15.0 32.0 55.0 43.0 55.0 105.0 126.0 165.0 182.0 115.0 939
precipitation
(1.299) (0.512) (0.591) (1.26) (2.165) (1.693) (2.165) (4.134) (4.961) (6.496) (7.165) (4.528) (36.97)
mm(inches)
Source:CRIDA,[28]

TheperiodfromNovembertoFebruaryinThanjavurispleasant,withaclimatefullofwarmdaysandcool
nights.[29]TheonsetofsummerisfromMarch,withthemercuryreachingitspeakbytheendofMayand
June.[29]Theaveragetemperaturesrangefrom81F(27C)inJanuaryto97F(36C)inMayandJune.
Summerrainsaresparseandthefirstmonsoon,theSouthWestmonsoon,setsinJuneandcontinuestill
September.NorthEastmonsoonsetsinOctoberandcontinuestillJanuary.[29]TherainfallduringSouthWest
monsoonperiodismuchlowerthanthatofNorthEastmonsoon.[25]NorthEastmonsoonisbeneficialtothe
districtatlargebecauseoftheheavyrainfallandtheWesternghatsfeedingtheriverCauvery.[29]Theaverage
rainfallis37inches(940mm),mostofwhichiscontributedbytheNorthEastmonsoon.[25]

Tourismandculture
Thanjavurisanimportantpilgrimcentreandamajortouristdestination
ofTamilNadu.[30]SouthZoneCultureCentreinThanjavurisoneofthe
regionalculturalcentresestablishedbytheGovernmentofIndiato
preserveandpromoteculturalheritageofIndia.[31]Therewere
2,002,225Indianand81,435foreigntouristarrivalsin2009to
Thanjavur.[30]ThemostvisitedmonumentinThanjavuristhe
BrihadeeswararTemple,whoseconstruction,thehistorianPercyBrown
describedas"alandmarkintheevolutionofbuildingartinSouth
India".[32][33]Builtinthe11thcenturybytheCholakingRajaRaja
ThanjavurRoyalPalacecourtyard
CholaI(9851014),thetempleisdedicatedtotheHindugodShiva.[33]
Thewallsofthesanctumarecoveredwithwallpaintingsfromthe
CholaandNayakperiods.[34][35][36]ThetemplewasdesignatedanUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1987.Itis
replicatedintheGangaikondaCholesvararTempleconstructedbyRajaRaja'ssonRajendraCholaI(1012
44).[33][37]

TheThanjavurMarathapalacewastheofficialresidenceoftheBhonslefamilywhoruledovertheThanjavur
regionfrom1674to1855.ItwasoriginallyconstructedbytherulersofThanjavurNayakkingdomandafter
theirfall,itservedastheofficialresidenceoftheThanjavurMarathas.[38]WhenmostoftheThanjavurMaratha
kingdomwasannexedbytheBritishEmpirein1799,theThanjavurMarathascontinuedtoholdswayoverthe
palaceandthesurroundingfort.Thesouthernsideofthethirdquadrangleofthepalacehas190ft(58m)tower
likebuilding,calledtheGoodagopuram.[38]

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Bharathanatyam,theSouthIndian
danceformindisplayin
BrihadeeswararTemple
acollectionofplants,animalsandbirdsandservesasazooforchildrenwithinthecity.[38]
TheSaraswathiMahalLibrary,establishedaround1700andlocatedinthe
premisesofthepalace,containsover30,000IndianandEuropean
manuscriptswrittenonpalmleafandpaper.[39]Overeightypercentofits
manuscriptsareinSanskritandmanyofthemareonpalmleaves.The
Tamilworksincludetreatiseonmedicine,andcommentariesonSangam
literature.[38]TheRajarajaCholaartgalleryislocatedinsidethepalaceit
hasalargecollectionofstoneandbronzeimagesfromtheninthto12th
centuries.Mostoftheidolspresentinthegallerywerecollectedfrom
varioustemplesintheThanjavurdistrict.[40]TheSivagangaParkissituated
totheeastoftheBrihadeeswararTempleandencompassestheSivaganga
TankbelievedtohavebeenbuiltbythekingRajaRajaChola.Itwas
createdasapeople'sparkbytheTanjoremunicipalityin187172.[41]Ithas

SchwartzChurch,ahistoricmonumentlocatedinthepalacegarden,was
builtin1779bySerfojiIIasatokenofaffectionforRev.C.V.Schwartzof
theDanishMission.[38]Therearefivemuseumsinthecitynamely
ArcheologicalMuseum,TamilUniversityMuseumlocatedwiththeTamil
Universitypremises,theSaraswathiMahalLibraryMuseumlocatedinside
theSaraswathiMahal,NayakDurbarHallArtMuseumandRajarajaChola
FiguredepictingaTanjore
Museum.[38]RajaRajanManimandapamisoneofthetouristattractionsin painting
Thanjavur,builtduringtheThanjavurTamilConferencein1991.[38]
"SangeethaMahal"hasapermanenthandicraftsexhibitioncentre.
ThanjavuristhecradleformanyoftheartsandcraftsinSouthIndia.[42]Carnaticmusicwascodifiedin
ThanjavurandtheartflourishedduringtheNayakruleinthe16thcentury.[43]Bharathanatyam,aclassical
danceformofSouthIndia,haditsmajorstylesdevelopedinThanjavur.[44]

SathayaThiruvizhaistheannualbirthdayfestivalofRajaRajaCholaheldduringOctobereveryyear.[45]
ThanjavuristhebasefortheTyagarajaAradhana,aCarnaticmusicfestivalheldannuallyduringJanuary
FebruaryatThiruvaiyaru,located13km(8.1mi)awayfromthecity.[46]Thanjavurpaintingisamajorformof
classicalSouthIndianpaintingfromThanjavur.Itdatesbacktoabout1600s,theperiodofNayakasof
Thanjavur,whoencouragedart,classicaldance,musicliterature,bothinTeluguandTamil.Theartisusuallya
combinationofraisedandpaintedsurfaces,withtheHindugodKrishnabeingthemostpopularimage
depicted.Inmoderntimes,thesepaintingshavebecomesouvenirsoffestiveoccasionsinSouthIndia,wall
decors,andcollectors'itemsforartlovers.[47][48]

Economy
Themajoroccupationoftheinhabitantsofthecityistourismand
serviceorientedindustry,whilethetraditionaloccupationisagriculture.

Thanjavurisknownasthe"RicebowlofTamilNadu".Paddyisthe
cropsandtheothercropsgrownareblackgram,banana,coconut,
gingelly,ragi,redgram,greengram,sugarcaneandmaize.Thetotal
percentageoflandfitforcultivationis58%.Therearethreeseasonsfor
agricultureinThanjavurKuruvai(JunetoSeptember),Samba(August
toJanuary)andThaladi(September,OctobertoFebruary,March).[49] PaddyfieldinThanjavurDistrict
Thetotalriceproductionhasbeenmaintainedat10.615L.M.Tand
7.077L.M.T.Thecityactsasafocalpointforfoodgrainstransported
fromtheadjoiningareasoftheCauveryDelta.Organicfarmingisgraduallybeingknowntothefarmersof

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Thanjavur.Tomaximiseagriculturalproduceorganicfarmingisbeingimplemented.Thoughagricultureisthe
maineconomicactivity,only7%ofthepopulationisinvolvedinit.Thereisalotofagriculturalrelatedtrading
thatformsthekeyeconomicactivityinthecity.[50]

ThanjavurisanimportantcentreofsilkweavinginTamilNadu.Therewere200silkweavingunitsinthecity
in1991witharound80,000peopleworkinginthem.[50][51]Thesareesproducedinthevillagessurrounding
ThanjavuraresoldinThanjavurandneighbouringtowns.[51]Increasingproductioncostsandcompetitionfrom
largescaleproducershavereducedthenumberofpeopleinvolvedintheproduction.[51]Thecityproducesbell
metalcraftlikeThanjavurmetalplates,bronzeimagesbowls,napkinsandpowderboxesmadeofcopperand
bronze.ThecityisamajormanufacturerofpithworksconsistingofmodelsofHinduidols,mosques,garlands
andotherbirdfigurines.Manufactureofmusicalinstrumentslikeveena,tambura,violin,mrithamgam,thavil
andkanjiraisanothereconomicactivityinthecity.[50]

AllmajornationalisedbankssuchasStateBankofIndia,IndianBank,CentralBankofIndia,PunjabNational
Bank,IndianOverseasBankandprivatebankslikeICICIBank,CityUnionBankhavetheirbranchesin
Thanjavur.Allthesebankshavetheirautomatedtellermachineslocatedinvariouspartsofthecity.[52]

Demographics
Accordingto2011
Religiouscensus Historicalpopulation
census,Thanjavur
Religion Percent(%) Year Pop. %
hadapopulationof
Hindu 82.87%
222,943withasex 1871 52,171
Muslim 8.34%
ratioof1,042 1881 54,745 +4.9%
Christian 8.58%
femalesforevery 1891 54,390 0.6%
Sikh 0.01%
1,000males,much 1901 57,870 +6.4%
Buddhist 0.01%
abovethenational 1911 60,341 +4.3%
Jain 0.06%
Other 0.11% averageof929.[54] 1921 59,913 0.7%
Noreligion 0.01% Atotalof19,860 1931 66,889 +11.6%
wereundertheage 1941 68,702 +2.7%
ofsix,constituting 1951 100,680 +46.5%
10,237malesand9,623females.ScheduledCastesandScheduled 1961 111,099 +10.3%
Tribesaccountedfor9.22%and.21%ofthepopulationrespectively. 1971 140,547 +26.5%
Theaverageliteracyofthecitywas83.14%,comparedtothenational 1981 184,015 +30.9%
averageof72.99%.[54]Therewereatotalof78,005workers, 1991 202,013 +9.8%
comprising803cultivators,2,331mainagriculturallabourers,2,746in 2001 215,725 +6.8%
householdindustries,65,211otherworkers,6,914marginalworkers, 2011 222,943 +3.3%
110marginalcultivators,235marginalagriculturallabourers,322 Sources:*18711901:ImperialGazette
marginalworkersinhouseholdindustriesand6,247othermarginal ofIndia,Volume23.ClarendonPress.
workers.[53]Asperthereligiouscensusof2011,Thanjavur(M)had 1908.*19012001:"Populationmythu
growth".Thanjavurmunicipalitywebsite.*
82.87%Hindus,8.34%Muslims,8.58%Christians,0.01%Sikhs,
2011:[53]
0.01%Buddhists,0.06%Jains,0.11%followingotherreligionsand
0.01%followingnoreligionordidnotindicateanyreligious
preference.[55]

Asof2008,atotal2,013.34ha(4,975.1acres)(55.4%)ofthelandwasusedforresidential,11.32ha(28.0
acres)(3.06%)forcommercial,82.68ha(204.3acres)(2.28%)forindustrial,320.2ha(791acres)(8.81%)for
public&semipublic,108.11ha(267.1acres)(2.98%)foreducationaland996.85ha(2,463.3acres)(27.47%)
foragriculture.[56]Tamilisthewidelyspokenlanguage,withthestandarddialectbeingCentralTamildialect.
Telugu,ThanjavurMarathiandSaurashtraareotherlanguagesspokeninthecity.Thanjavuristheculturaland
politicalcenteroftheThanjavurMarathipeople.WhileHindusformthemajority,thecityalsohasasubstantial
populationofMuslimsandChristians.RomanCatholicsinThanjavurareaffiliatedtotheRomanCatholic
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DioceseofTanjoreandProtestantsareaffiliatedtotheTrichyTanjoreDioceseoftheChurchofSouth
India.[57]Theworkforceispredominantlyinvolvedinserviceindustryinvolvingtradeandcommerce.[58]With
theexpansionofthecityarea,theopportunitiesforagricultureislimitedandonly7%ofpopulationisinvolved
init.[58]

Transport
TheNationalHighways67,45C,226and226Extnpassthrough
Thanjavur.[59]ThecityisconnectedwithChennai,Coimbatore,Erode,
Karur,Tirupur,Vellore,Perambalur,Ariyalur,Mysuru,Salem,
Cuddalore,Viluppuram,Tiruchirappalli,Madurai,Kumbakonam,
Mayiladuthurai,Karaikal,Mannargudi,Pattukkottai,Dindigul,
Pudukkottai,Karaikudi,Tirunelveli,Bengaluru,Ernakulam,Nagercoil,
Tirupathi,TrivandrumandOotythroughregularbusservices.Thanjavur
hadasinglebusterminuslocatedattheheartofthecity.[59]An
integratedbusterminus,calledNewBusstandwasconstructedin1997
nearRajaSerfojiCollegetohandlethepassengertraffic.Thanjavurhas NH67inThanjavurCity
awellmaintainedsuburbanpublictransportsystem.Governmentand
privatebusesoperatefrequentlybetweenthetwobusterminiandother
townsandvillageslikeVallam,Budalur,MohamedBunder,Nadukkavery,Pillaiyarpatti,VallamPudursethi,
Sengipatti,VadakkurNorthandKuruvadipatti.[60]

TherailwaylineconnectingTiruchirappalliJunctionrailwaystationto
ChennaiEgmoreviaThanjavur,theMainLineisahistoricalline
establishedbySouthIndianRailwayCompanyin1879.[61]TheGreat
SouthIndianRailwayCompany(GSIR)operatedabroadgaugerail
servicebetweenNagapattinamandTiruchirapalliviaThanjavur
between1861and1875.During1875itwasconvertedtoametergauge
line(MGline).[21]ModerndayThanjavurrailwayjunctionhasthreerail
headsleadingtoTiruchirapalli,KumbakonamandThiruvarur.
Thanjavurisconnectedbyrailwithmostimportantcitiesandtownsin
India.TherearedailyexpresstrainstoChennai,Mysore,Ernakulam, ThanjavurJunctionrailwaystation
Thrissur,Palakkad,Coimbatore,Erode,Tiruppur,Tiruchirapalli,Salem,
Karur,Madurai,Tirunelveli,Rameswaram,Tiruchendur,Cuddalore,
Dharmapuri,Viluppuram,Chengalpattu,Mannargudi,Bengaluru,Dindigul,Pudukkottai,Karaikudi,Sivagangai
ManamaduraiandweeklytrainstoTirupati,Nellore,Itarsi,Visakhapatnam,Hubli,VascodaGama,Goa,
Vijayawada,Nagpur,Jabalpur,Satna,Katni,Allahabad,VaranasiandBhubaneswar.Therearefrequent
passengertrainsfromthecitytotownslikeThiruvarur,Nagapattinam,Karaikal,Tiruchirapalli,Kumbakonam,
MayiladuthuraiandNagore.[62][63][64]

Intheearly1990s,ThanjavurwasconnectedwithChennaiviatheVayudootflightservice,whichwasstopped
duetopoorpatronage.AfullfledgedairforcestationisoperationalatThanjavur.[65]ThanjavurAirForce
Stationwastobecomeamajorairbaseby2012,tohandleFighter,Transportaircraftandalsorefuelling
aircraft.[66]However,theestablishmentandactivationofairbasehasbeendelayedasofMarch2013.[67]The
IAFwillbaseasquadronofitsSukhoiSu30SupermaneuverabilityFighteraircraftatThanjavur,makingitthe
firstfightersquadroninTamilNadu.[68][69]ThenearestairportisTiruchirapalliInternationalAirport.The
nearestSeaportislocatedatNagapattinam.

Administrationandpolitics
MunicipalCorporational
Officials
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ThemunicipalityofTanjorewascreatedin1866asathirdgrade Mayor SavithriGopal[70]

municipalityasperTownImprovementsAct1865andinitiallyconsisted
P.Janaki
of12members.Thenumberwasincreasedto18in1879and24in1883. Commissioner
In1897,thememberswereempoweredtoelectaMunicipalChairperson Raveendran[71]
toleadthem.Tanjorewasupgradedtoasecondgrademunicipalityin K.
DeputyMayor
1933andfirstgradein1943.Since1983,Thanjavurhasbeenaspecial Manikandan[72]
grademunicipality.aAsof2008,themunicipalitycoversanareaof ElectedMembers
36.33km2(14.03sqmi)andhasatotalof51members.Thefunctionsof ExMemberof
themunicipalityaredevolvedintosixdepartments:General,Engineering, Legislative M.Rengasamy[73]
Revenue,PublicHealth,TownplanningandtheComputerWing.All Assembly
thesedepartmentsareunderthecontrolofaMunicipalCommissioner Memberof
K.Parasuraman[74]
[75] Parliament
whoisthesupremeexecutivehead. Thelegislativepowersarevested
inabodyof62members,oneeachfromthe62wards.Thelegislative
bodyisheadedbyanelectedChairpersonassistedbyaDeputyChairperson.[76]

On10April2013,thestategovernmentannouncedintheAssemblythatThanjavurmunicipalitywillbe
upgradedtoaMunicipalcorporation.[77][78]ThanjavurCityCorporationislikelytohaveanareaof110.27km2
(42.58sqmi)ofarea,withapopulationof3,20,828andanincomeof411.8million(US$6.1million).The
villagesPudupattinam,Nanjikottai,Neelagiri,Melaveli,Pillaiyarpatti,Ramanathapuram,Pallieri,Vilarand
Inathukanpattiarelikelytobeaddedtothemunicipalcorporationlimits.[79]ThanjavurbecameCity
CorporationonFebruary19,2014.[80]

ThanjavurcomesundertheThanjavurStateAssemblyConstituencyanditelectsamembertotheTamilNadu
LegislativeAssemblyonceeveryfiveyears.[81][82]Fromthe1977elections,theassemblyseatwaswonby
DravidaMunnetraKazhagam(DMK)sixtimesduringthe1977,1980,1989,1996,2001and2006elections,
theIndianNationalCongresspartyonceduringthe1984electionsandtheAllIndiaAnnaDravidaMunnetra
Kazhagam(AIADMK)twiceduringthe1991and2011elections.[83]TheEx.MLAoftheconstituencywasM.
RengasamyfromAIADMK.[73]M.Karunanidhi,whoservedastheChiefMinisterofTamilNaduforarecord
fiveterms,waselectedfromtheThanjavurassemblyconstituencyinthe1962elections.[84]

ThanjavurisalsoapartoftheThanjavurLokSabhaconstituencyandelectsamembertotheLokSabha,the
lowerhouseoftheParliamentofIndia,onceeveryfiveyears.[82][85]TheLokSabhaseathasbeenheldbythe
IndianNationalCongressforSeventermsduring195156,[86]195762,[87]19621967,[88]198084,1984
1989,[89]198991[90]and199196,[91]DravidaMunnetraKazhagamforSeventermsduring196771,[92]
197177,[93]199698,199899,[94]199904,[95]200409[96]and2009present[97]andAllIndiaAnnaDravida
MunnetraKazhagamforonetermduring197780.[98]R.Venkataraman,whoservedasthePresidentofIndia
from1987to1992,waselectedfromtheThanjavurLokSabhaconstituencyinthe1951elections.[86]

LawandorderinthecityismaintainedbytheThanjavursubdivisionoftheTamilNaduPolice,headedbya
DeputySuperintendent(DSP).TheThanjavurdistrictlevelpoliceadministrationisheadedbyaDeputy
InspectorGeneralofPolice,whoseofficeislocatedinthecity.[99]Therearesixpolicestationsinthecity,one
ofthembeinganallwomenpolicestation.[100]Therearespecialunitslikeprohibitionenforcement,district
crime,socialjusticeandhumanrights,districtcrimerecordsandspecialbranchthatoperateatthedistrictlevel
policedivisionheadedbyaSuperintendentofPolice(SP).[99]

Education
ThanjavurhasatotaloffourUniversities,namelytheTamilUniversity,SASTRAUniversity,PRIST
UniversityandPeriyarManiammaiUniversity.[101]TheTamilUniversityisastateruninstitute,startedduring
1981andobtaineditsstatutoryrecognitionfromtheUniversityGrantsCommissionin1983.Itistheonlyone

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3/7/2017 ThanjavurWikipedia

ofitskindfortheTamillanguagedoinghigherresearchinTamilologyand
advancedstudyinvariousalliedbrancheslikelinguistics,translation,
lexicography,music,dramaandmanuscriptology.[102][103]

ThanjavurMedicalCollege
Thanjavurhasatotalof15arts,science&managementcollegesandnine
engineeringcolleges.[104]TheThanjavurMedicalCollegewasestablished
in1961andisoneoftheoldestmedicalcollegesinTamilNadu.[105]The
PaddyProcessingResearchCentre(PPRC),whichlaterbecametheIndian
InstituteofCropProcessingTechnology(IICPT)in2008,isahubforfood
processingresearch.[106]TheSaraswatiMahalLibrarywhichdatesbackto
theendofthe16thcenturyandtheCentralLibrary,managedbythedistrict
administrationarethetwomostprominentlibrariesinthecity.[39]

Thereare20registeredschoolsinThanjavur,cateringtotheprimary,secondaryandhighersecondary
educationalneedsofthecity.[104]St.Peter'sHigherSecondarySchoolatThanjavurwasestablishedbyRev.CF
Schwartzduring1784.Originallyestablishedasacollege,itwasthefirstschoolinSouthIndiawhichtaught
Englishtothelocalpopulace.St.Antony'sHigherSecondarySchool,establishedin1885bytheDioceseof
Thanjavur,isoneoftheoldestschoolsinThanjavurdistrict.ChristianMissionariesplayedaprominentrolein
promotingEnglisheducationinThanjavur.[107]KalyanasundaramHigherSecondarySchool,establishedin
1891,isoneoftheoldestschoolsinthecity.[108]

Utilityservices
ElectricitysupplytoThanjavurisregulatedanddistributedbytheTamilNaduElectricityBoard(TNEB).The
cityalongwithitssuburbsisapartofTrichyElectricityDistributionCircle.[109]Watersupplyisprovidedby
theThanjavurCorporationfromtheVadavarCanal,suppliedthroughoverheadtankslocatedinvariouspartsof
thecity.Duringthe200001period,atotalof31millionlitresofwaterwassuppliedeverydayforhouseholds
inthecity.[110]

About110metrictonnesofsolidwastearecollectedfromThanjavureverydaybydoortodoorcollectionand
subsequentlythesourcesegregationanddumpingiscarriedoutbythesanitarydepartmentoftheThanjavur
Corporation.Thecoverageofsolidwastemanagementhadanefficiencyof100%asof2001.[111]The
undergrounddrainagesystemcovers70%ofthecityandtheremainingseweragesystemfordisposalofsullage
isthroughseptictanks,opendrainsandpublicconveniences.[112]TheCorporationmaintainsatotalof155km
(96mi)ofstormwaterdrains:53.27km(33.10mi)surfaceddrainsand101.73km(63.21mi)unlined
drains.[113]

Thereare37hospitalsandsevenclinicallabsinThanjavurthattakecareofthehealthcareneedsofthe
citizens.[114]Thereareatotalof9,745streetlamps:492sodiumlamps,2,061mercuryvapourlamps,7,180
tubelightsandtwelvehighmastbeamlamps.[115]TheCorporationoperatesthreemarkets,namelytheSerfoji
Market,AmararSwaminathanMarketandKamarajMarketandanothermarket,theSubramaniyaSwamiKoil
Market,ismaintainedbytheSubramaniaSwamiTempleauthority.[116]ThanjavurcomesundertheThanjavur
TelecomcircleoftheBharatSancharNigamLimited(BSNL),India'sstateownedtelecomandinternetservices
provider.Apartfromtelecom,BSNLalsoprovidesbroadbandinternetservice.[117]TheRegionalPassport
office,Trichy,operatesaPassportSevaKendra(PSK)inThanjavur,whichPSKcoverstheNagappattinam,
Thiruvarur,Thanjavur,Pudukkottai,andAriyalurrevenuedistricts.[118]

Notes
Footnotes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur 9/13
3/7/2017
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njavur/) WikimediaCommonshas
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Beach,ChandlerB.,ed.(1914)."Tanjore".TheNewStudent'sReferenceWork.Chicago:F.E.
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