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Amplificator Audio Cu IGBT Uri PDF
Amplificator Audio Cu IGBT Uri PDF
Contents
HEXFET AMPLIFIER UPGRADE
Design by T. Giesberts
Elektor DEFAULT THD+N(%) vs FREQ(Hz) 24 FEB 95 15:54:45 AUDIO PRECISION THDVSLVL THD+N(%) vs measured LEVEL(W) 01 MAR 95 10:34:07
1 1
into 4 ). 100
-40.00
By a stroke of good fortune, a pair of
-60.00
IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors D
C
see our June 1995 issue) proved ideal re- -80.00
10
placements for the HEXFET s used in the -100.0
Modification
Brief technical data
The original design already allowed for a
higher-output version, whence the dupli- Input sensitivity 1.1 V r.m.s.
cated holes for the output transistors on the
Input impedance 47.7 k
printed-circuit board. At that time, advance
Power output (1 kHz, 0.1% THD) 88 W into 8
information on the IGBTs was already avail-
able, but samples were not. 146 W into 4
Although IGBTs are quite different from Music power (1 kHz burst, 5 cycles 94 W into 8
HEXFETs, the board for the original design on, 5 cycles off) 167 W into 4
can be used without any modification. In Power bandwidth (40 W into 8 ) 1.5 Hz 115 kHz
fact, the circuit has hardly changed. The Slew rate >35 V s1
most noticeable alteration is the replace- Signal-to-noise ratio (1 W into 8 ) 105 dB (A-weighted)
ment of the fuses in the source lines of the 101 dB (linear 22 Hz 22 kHz)
power FET s by emitter resistors for the Harmonic distortion (1 W into 8 ) 0.002% (1 kHz)
IGBT s. The only other changes are in the (80 W into 8 ) 0.003% (1 kHz)
value of two resistors in the compensating <0.05% (20 Hz 20 kHz)
circuit of the input stage, of one in the qui- Intermodulation distortion 0.002% (1 W into 8 )
escent-current circuit, and of one resistor (50 Hz:7 kHz; 4:1) 0.003% (40 W into 8 )
and two capacitors in the protection circuit.
Dynamic intermodulation distortion 0.0025% (1 W into 8 )
This means that anyone who has built the
(rectangular 3.15 kHz + sine wave 0.002% (80 W into 8 )
original HEXFET amplifier can quickly
15 kHz)
modify it to the upgraded version.
One item needs to be replaced, however: Damping factor (at 8 ) >600 (1 kHz)
the mains transformer. After all, more >400 (20 kHz)
power can not be obtained from the same
supply voltage/current. The original trans- Measurements for the characteristics shown were made with an Audio Precision analyser.
former with 225 V secondaries must be re- A shows the total harmonic distortion (THD+N) from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The solid
placed by one that provides 230 V at curve refers to 1 W into 8 and the dashed one to 75 W into 8 .
3.75 A. This will result in a direct voltage of B shows the distortion at 1 kHz as a function of drive (bandwidth 22 Hz 22 kHz;
43 V. load 8 ). The sharp bend at the end of the curve is the clipping point.
C shows the maximum power output when the distortion is 0.1%. It shows that the
Circuit description power is independent of frequency, whether the load is 8 (solid curve) or 4 (dashed
curve).
The circuit diagram of the upgraded ampli-
D shows a Fourier analysis of a 1 kHz signal (1 W into 8 ) with the fundamental sup-
fier is given in F i g . 1. Changed with re-
pressed. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th harmonics can be seen, but they are attenuated, respect-
spect to the earlier version are T 12 , T 13 ,
ively, by 100 dB, 110 dB and 120 dB with respect to the fundamental frequency.
RF 1 , RF 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 21 , R 35 , C 13 and C 14 .
Also, to improve performance at high fre-
quencies, a damping resistor has been
added to, or rather in, inductor L1. Finally,
to improve the noise figure, the impedance
43V
43V 43V
R17 D1 R22 R24 RF1
C7 C11
562
1k21
1k21
499
150
01
R8
R9 R10
*
R3 C3 100 10mF
10M 10V 50V
C6 100 GT20D201
P1 BD140 T8
2n7 R26
1M
33n BD139 15
T5
T1 T2 R20
2x 2k2 T12
43V T7
BC550C
R7 BC560C
T10 R25
221
221
10M
150
R11 R12
C5
A L1
681
C9
22k
1k
R28 R30
221
221
150
R15 R16
68
R2
1
C2
47k5
T11
BC550C P2 C10
2n2 T3 T4
1k
HP1
T13 100n
2x
BC560C T9
T6 R29
BD140 15
R4 C4
100 BD139 GT20D101
R18 R23 R27 RF2
2n7 D2 C8 C12
562
1k21
1k21
499
150
01
R13 R14
*
100 10mF
10V 50V
43V
43V
D3 R35
GT20D101 zie tekst 30V
GT20D201 * 330
C13
D6 Re1
* siehe Text D4
30V 47
* see text 63V
1N4148
* voir texte 3x
D5
B
C
1N4003 T14
R36
8M2
R34
C14
BC617
3k3
G C E
22
40V
950077 - 11
power amplifier
in the short period that the amplifier needs
to reach its correct operating level.
to
The supply voltage for the relay is derived
directly from the mains transformer via D3
and D4. This has the advantage that the relay
is deactuated, by virtue of the low value of C13,
43V immediately the supply voltage fails. The
4x 10mF/50V
4x 022/5W delay in energizing the relay is provided by
30V 30V
T14 in conjunction with R36 and C14. It takes
for relay supply 950077 - 12
on power amplifier board a few seconds before the potential across C14
has risen to a value at which T14 switches on.
This darlington transistor requires a base
Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the power supply for one mono IGBT amplifier. voltage of not less than 1.2 V before it can
conduct.
The power supplysee F i g . 2is tradi-
The d.c. operating point of the differen- each and part of the power supply) are lo- tional, apart from the resistors, R5R8, in
tial amplifiers is provided by two current cated close to the IGBTs, so that the heavy cur- the power lines. These limit, to some degree,
sources. Transistor T6, in conjunction with R18 rents have only a short path to follow. the very large peak charging currents drawn
and D2, provides a constant current of about At the output is a Boucherot network, by electrolytic capacitors C11 and C12. Moreover,
2 mA for T1-T2. Transistor T5, with R17 and R32-R33-C10, that ensures an adequate load together with these capacitors, they form a
D1, provides a similar current for T3-T4. The on the amplifier at high frequencies, since filter that prevents most spurious voltages from
combination of a transistor and an LED cre- the impedance of the loudspeaker, because reaching the amplifier. Measure-ments on
ates a current source that is largely indepen- of its inductive character, is fairly high at the prototype showed that this was particu-
dent of temperature, since the temperature high frequencies. larly evident at frequencies below 500 Hz.
coefficients of the LED and the transistor are
virtually the same. It is, however, necessary
that these two components are thermally
coupled (or nearly so) and they are, there-
fore, located side by side on the printed-cir-
cuit board. T11 T7 T10
T13 T12
C9
In the input stage, C 1 is followed by a
R29 R21 R20 R26
low-pass section, R 1 -C 2 , which limits the
R27 R28 R25 R24
bandwidth of the input to a value that the
R13 A R32 R22
amplifier can handle. Resistor R2 is the base
R33
resistor of T1 and T3. So far, this is all pretty T9 T8
normal. Network P1-R7-R8 is somewhat out
R31
R30
0
The advantage of putting it before that stage
Ls1
C11
35V 35V
to T10 and T11, which drive IGBTs T12 and C5
T3 T1
T13. This power section has local feedback C6 C2 C4
C13
(R30-R31).
R14
R15
R16
R11
R12
R10
R34
R36
R35
R8
R7
R2
R4
R3
P1 = 1 M preset
P2 = 1 k preset
C a p a c i t o r s:
C1 = 2.2 F, 50 V, polypropylene
C2 = 2.2 nF
for the IGBT amplifier. C3, C4 = 2.7 nF
Miscellaneous;
+ Re1 = relay, 24 V, 1 make contact (e.g.,
LS1 Siemens V23056-A0105-A101*)
F1, F2 = fuse, 2.5 A, fast, with holder for
PCB mounting
Ceramic washers (5) for T7, T10, T11
K1 F1 Mica washers (2) for T12, T13
Terminal block (5) (see text)
Heat sink, 0.6 K W1 (e.g., Fischer SK85**)
PCB Order No. 930102 (see p. 70)
P o w e r s u p p l y:
Mains transformer, 2 30 V, 375 VA
Mains on-off switch with indicator
Fuse 1 A, slow with holder
Bridge rectifier Type B200C35000
Electrolytic capacitor (4), 10,000 F, 50 V
Resistor (4) 0.22 , 5 W
PCB (for mains-on delay) Order no. 924055 (see
p. 70)
Tr1
B1
S1 D1
930102 - 13
Mains switch-on delay able rate, so that high currents are pre- mains voltage is 240 V, C2 can be omitted
vented. and C1 should have a value of 470 nF and a
The circuitry of the black box (in dashed The relay coils are connected in series rating of 630 V d.c.
lines) in Fig. 2 is shown above. It may be and are energized directly by the mains via
asked what the function of it is, since there bridge rectifier B1, impedances ZC1 and
is already a power-on delay in the amplifier ZC2, and R1. The value of C1 and C2 de-
itself. That delay serves to obviate plops pends on the current required by the relay
and clicks caused by switching; it connects coils and the level of the mains voltage. The
the loudspeakers to the amplifier only after relays specified are rated at 30 mA. If the
this has had a short period of settling
down. R4 R5
The mains switch-on delay is intended see text zie tekst
10 10
10
loads, so that the fuses do not blow * voir texte * siehe Text 5W 5W