Presentedby:

AkhileshKumarMaury
UniversityofPetroleum&EnergyStudies,
Dehradun
 CONTENT
Overview
History
Components
Types
Operation
Conclusion
Bibliography
 Overview
Anintegralpartofwellcompletions.
Itprovidestheultimateprotectionagainstuncontrolledflowfromproducing
oilandgas.
Itisincorporatedinthetubingandcomprisesofatubularbodyadaptedfor
placementwithinawellbore.
ClosingmechanismiseitherbyBalltypevalveorFlappertypevalve.
Itislocatedapprox30to50mbelowthegroundlevel(onshore)orbelow
seabed(offshore).
Itprovidesemergency,failsafeclosuretostopfluidflowfromawell bore.
ThesevalvesmeetthespecificationofAmericanpetroleumInstitute(API)and
ISOstandards.
Sophisticatedengineeringdesignsandstateoftheartmaterialshavebeen
developed
 History
ThefirstsafetydevicetocontrolsubsurfaceflowwasusedinUSinlandwaters
duringthemid1940.

TheuseofsubsurfacesafetyvalveswasminimaluntilthestateofLouisiana
passedalawin1949requiringanautomaticshutoffdevicebelowthewellhead
ineveryproducingwellinitsinlandwaters.

A 1969 blowout in a well in USA led to 1974 regulations that required the use of
SSSVs on all offshore platforms and installations in US federal waters.
 Components
Valveclosingmechanism
Balltype
Flappertype
Settingspringinaxialarrangements.
Springbearings
Flowtube
Piston
Seal
Hydrauliccontrolline/wireline.
 Settingspring

Flapper
 Ball valves and Flapper valve

A ball valve has a The more

sphere with a common
hole through it, flapper valve
allowing flow works like a
through the valve hinge with a
when the hole is spring. When
aligned with the the flow tube
tubing. Rotating is down, the
the boll 900 flapper is
places the solid open, and
part of the ball in when it is
the flow stream, pulled up the
stopping flow. flapper closes
Types
Subsurfacecontrolledsubsurfacesafetyvalves
Pressuredifferentialsafetyvalveand
Pressureoperatedsafetyvalves
Surfacecontrolledsubsurfacesafetyvalves
WireLineretrievablevalve(WLR)
Tubingretrievablevalve(TR)orTubingmounted

Combinationvalves.
Subsurfacecontrolledsubsurfacesafetyvalves
SCSSV
Alsotermedasstormchoke.
Setandretrievedbywireline.
Closesthewellwheneverthereisapressurelossacrossthevalves.
PressureDifferentialValve
Alsotermedasvelocitysafetyvalve.
Closesduetolossinpressure.
Excessiveflowratecauseslossofpressureleadingtoclosingofvalve.
Itcanttolerateahighvariationinflowrate.
Itsuitstowellbeingproducedatrelativelylowflowrate.
PressureOperatedSafetyValves
Alsoknownasambientsafetyvalve.
Closingmechanismiscontrolledbyareturnspringandagaschamber.
SchlumbergerhascomeupwithAseriessafetyvalve,highlyefficientandit
canworkwith10,000psiandtemperaturerangeof40cto1490c.
Surfacecontrolledsubsurfacesafetyvalves
SCSSV.
ControlledbyHydraulicpressureincontrollinefromthesurface.
Valvesnormallyclosed.
Controlpressurecompressesthestringcausingopeningofvalve.
Itallowsinterferenceofsurfacefacilitiesincontrollingmechanism.
Advantage:safetycanbeachievedmanuallyandautomaticallyinboththe
conditionswhethertheproblemoccurredisdirectlyrelatedtowellornot.
Disadvantage:duetolimitedreturnspringforces,itcantbeinstalledathigher
depth.
Wireline retrievablevalve(WLR)
Setinaspeciallandingnippleandretrievedbywireline.
Valveisattachedtoamandrelinorderotransmitthecontrolfluidpressureto
valvesjack.
MostoilwellsareequippedwithWLRvalvebecauseitmakeswellmaintenance
easier.
Tubingretrievablevalve(TR)
GaswellsarepreferablyequippedwithTR.
Duringworkoverproductionstringmustbepulledouttochangethevalve.
Combinationsafetyvalves
Additionallyasleeve,aflapperandareturnspringareinstalled,integratedin
tubing.
 Operation
Allthesafetyvalveshaveitsownmechanismofoperation.
Butonethingwhichiscommonisthatallworkconsideringwellsafetyand
environmentprotectionasmainissue.
ForexampleSCSSVisretrievedeitherbywireline orhydraulicpressure.
HydrauliccontrolledSCSSVworksasshowninfiguresandexplainedbelow.
RecentSCSSVdesignsareclosedvalve.
Springforce,Fs,actingtopushthe pistonupwardandreleasetheflapperto
closethevalve.
Controlpressuretransmittedfromsurfacethroughhydrauliccontrollineacts
againstthespringtokeeptheflappervalveopenduringproduction.
Modernvalvesbyarodpistondesign,hasaringshapedareabetweenthe
pistonandthevalvebody.
HydraulicpressureactsupontogeneratetheopeningforceFThesmall
differenceinthepistonwallcrosssectionsbetweentheupper(U)andlower(L)
facesofthepistonaddsasmalladditionalupwardforce,FL Fu.
Operation
Compression
ofcoiled
springs
Furthercompressiontakes
place.
 Asspringcompressedthen
settingspringattachedto
pistoncausespistontomove
upwardandfinallyvalve
startsclosing.
Flappervalveclosesas
pistonmovedup.No
furtherflowtrough
tubing.
 Pistonstarts
movingupdue
toexcessive
flowrate.
Pistonmovedup
halftheway
Valveaboutto
close.
Valveclosed
Courtesyof:Halliburton
 Conclusion
Thetrendtowardmorecomplexreservoirdevelopmentcontinuestopresent
challengesfordesignersofsafetyvalvesystems.
Petroleumreservestodayareexploitedfromdeeperwaterandinharsher
producingandoperatingconditionsthaneverbefore.
Anessentiallyunlimitedsettingdepthcouldbeachievedbydeveloping
subsurfacesafetyvalvesthatincorporatesolenoidstoactivatethevalve.
Thiswouldalsoalleviatetheproblemofpressurecontributionsfromthe
weightoffluidinthecontrollineorleaksinthatline.
Thesuccessandreliabilityoffeaturesdevelopedinthepastarekeystothe
developmentofinnovativesafetyvalvesforthefuture.
 Bibliography
http://www.slb.com/media/services/completion/safetyvalves/subsurfac
e_sv.pdf
http://www.halliburton.com/ps/Default.aspx?navid=114&pageid=201&fol
derid=MSE%3A%3A1045229747050391
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=subsurface%20s
afety%20valve%20(SSSV)
http://www.bakerhughesdirect.com/cgi/bot/resources/ExternalFileHan
dler.jsp?bookmarkable=Yes&channelId=
546906667&programId=546999579&path=/private/BOT/public/completi
ons/subsurface/cementsafe.html
WellcompletionandservicingByDennisPerin