/

B:

1

;

'
.

4 S3
, 3
.

1:

1 / 38
 1:

1:
(ASTM C 232 - 99)

2 / 38
 4
, (AC12/13)

.

,
20% (ACI
214.4R-03: Guide for Obtaining Cores and Interpreting Compressive Strength Results).

2 17 2
45 :
32, 29, 37, 31, 29, 28, 34, 33, 32, 30, 34, 31, 34, 32, 37, 33, 29
C20/25
;

13791: Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in

structures and precast concrete components ---

, 206,
1.

() > 15
:

3 / 38
 1: 13791

, = 32,06 MPa s = 2,66 MPa.

1 (fck.is, cube C25/30 = 26 MPa) :

fm(n).is =

fislowest =

4 / 38
 3
100
;

... &

" ( )
, ,

;"

3
100 27,5 MPa.
. ()
15 (15% ).
29 MPa 5 MPa.
, 15
29 MPa;

,
= ( - ) / , Student's
Test, , ,
,

" " /
. 14
15 .
, .
:

s
n .
:

5 / 38
 2: Student T

= 1,16 14
0,25 0,10, (1-) 29 MPa
75 90%.

3
100 27,5 MPa.
.
30 (30% ).
29 MPa 5 MPa.
, 30
29 MPa;

3 :

6 / 38
 = 1.648 29
0,10 0,05, (1-)
29 MPa 90 95%.

3
100 27,5 MPa.
. 45
(45% ). 29 MPa
5 MPa.
, 45
29 MPa;

3, :

= 2.02 44
0,02 0,025, (1-) 29 MPa
97,52% ( 97,5 98%).

, .

7 / 38
 4
100 27,5 MPa.
. 45
(45% ).
:
- 1: 45
- 2: 5 , 20 20 .
2 29 MPa
5 MPa. ,
45
29 MPa;

.
44 (45-1).
42 (45-3).

3, :

= 2.02 42
0,02 0,025, (1-) 29
MPa 97,51% ( 97,5 98%).

1 97.52% 29 MPa
2 97.51% 29 MPa

.
.

8 / 38
 5
100 27.5 MPa.
.
15 (15% ).
15 5 , 5
5 . 2
29 MPa 5 MPa.
,
15
29 MPa;

4 :

= 1.16 14
0,10 0,15, (1-) 29 MPa
86,6% ( 85 90%).

= 1.16 12
0,10 0,15, (1-) 29 MPa
86,4% ( 85 90%).
1 , 86.6% 29 MPa
2 , 86.4% 29 MPa

9 / 38
 6
100 27.5 MPa.
.
15 (15% ).
15 5 , 5
5 . 2
29 MPa 5 MPa.
,
15
20 MPa;

= 5,81 14
, (1-) 29 MPa
100% (). , , 12 .

7
100 .
.
15 (15% )
. 29 MPa, 6 MPa
22 MPa.
13791
.

10 / 38
 , 13791
(. ) :

s = 6,00 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15)
fm(n).is = 29 MPa
fis,lowest = = 22 MPa

fm(n).is. - k2s = 29,00 - 1,48 x 6,00 = 20,12 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 22,00 + 4,00 = 26,00 MPa

. 1, 20,12 MPa C16/20.

C16/20 21 MPa :

= 5,16 14
(. 6), (1-)
29 MPa 100% ().

8
100 .
.
15 (15% )
. 29 MPa, 3 MPa
22 MPa.
13791
.

, 13791
(. ) :

s = 3,00 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15)
fm(n).is = 29 MPa
fis,lowest = = 22 MPa

fm(n).is. - k2s = 29,00 - 1,48 x 3,00 = 24,56 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 22,00 + 4,00 = 26,00 MPa

. 1, 24,56 MPa C20/25.

11 / 38
 C20/25 26 MPa :

= 1.93 14
0,04 0,03, (1-) 29 MPa
96,33% ( 96 97%).

9
50 . ""
20 MPa
. 6
. 27 MPa, 3 MPa
22 MPa.

. 13791
7.

= 2.85 5
0,01 0,02, (1-) 29 MPa
98,21% ( 98 99%).

12 / 38
 13791 :

s = 3,00 MPa
k = 7,00 ( 3 - 6), k = k2s
fm(n).is = 27 MPa
fis,lowest = = 22 MPa

fm(n).is. - ks = 27,00 - 7,00 = 20,00 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 22,00 + 4,00 = 26,00 MPa

1, 20,00 MPa
C16/20.

-7 :

1, 22,20 MPa
C20/25.
7, 13791
, .
.

10
100 80 .
.
15 (15%
) 6 (7.5% )
. :
22, 20, 23, 22, 24, 28, 22, 21,19, 22, 19, 20, 26, 27, 25
:
19, 20, 22, 21, 23, 24

13791.

13 / 38
 :

.
13791 ' 9 18
.

s = 2,82 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15)
fm(n).is = 22,67 MPa
fis,lowest = = 19 MPa

fm(n).is. - k2s = 22,67 - 1,48 x 2,82 = 18,23 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 19,00 + 4,00 = 23,00 MPa

1, 18,23 MPa
C16/20.

s = 3,00 MPa
k = 7,00 ( 3 - 6), k = k2s
fm(n).is = 21,50 MPa
fis,lowest = = 19 MPa

fm(n).is. - ks = 21,50 - 7,00 = 14,50 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 19,00 + 4,00 = 23,00 MPa

1, 14,50 MPa
C12/15.

" ". ad hoc
C12/15.
: C12/15
C16/20 ;

1:

14 / 38
 ACI 214.4 R-03 "Guide for Obtaining Cores and Interpreting Compressive Strength
Results", ASTM E 122
:

(1)

n
e
V :

(1) :

(i) V 2.1
e. V :

(. 1)
( , /
, ).
V = 13% e = 5%, :

,
, , ,
. , ,
, ,
.

(ii) ( )

15 / 38
 2.1.
20%.
5%
:

15 .

6 .

, 10%,
:

, ,
, .

:
1

2: -

(H0) , ,
(
) , (H1).

, (H0)
. (H0) ,
, , ,
(H0). , ,
-,
(H0), " ".

-test
. -test
. :

(0):
(1):

16 / 38
 excel T-test.xls
. (ctrl+click).

C22 F22 ( ) 1.
E-F-G 9 ( 90%).

17 / 38
 3 1 (/)
( ).
.
, (0) ,
" ".

92%
.
75% (Confidence Level CL1 ).

18 / 38
 3.

13791 .

s = 2,59 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15+6 = 21 > 15)
fm(n).is = 22,33 MPa ( )
fis,lowest = = 19 MPa

fm(n).is. - k2s = 22,33 - 1,48 x 2,59 = 18,50 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 19,00 + 4,00 = 23,00 MPa

1, 18,50 MPa
C16/20.

, 12% 9% ,
15% 7,5%, , ,
.:

15%
7.5%
V 20%
V > 20%
30%
15%
V 20%
V > 20%
45%
25%
V

V 15%

C16/20 :

= 2,35 20 0,01
0,02, (1-) 21 MPa 98,54%
( 98 99%).

19 / 38
 11 100
80 .
. .
;

13791 18
( 2 , ).

. 30
6 .

13791 .) :

: 18 + 18 + 12
( ) .

: 18

12 100
80 .
. .
13791
18 18 .
,
( ),
22, 20, 23, 22, 24, 28, 22, 21,19, 22, 19, 20, 26, 27, 25, 22, 22, 20
( R
),
38, 36, 39, 38, 40, 44, 37, 37, 35, 39, 32, 36, 43, 44, 41, 38, 36, 31
12 :
40, 36, 38, 41, 40, 37, 38, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43
13791;

() Excel
(regression).

/. ,
.

20 / 38
 :

1:
(.. R Core).

2: ( ), menu
( scatter)

3: Next menu (Trendline)

R2 (coef. of determination) .

21 / 38
 4: ( , ) ""
Excel :

13791 ( 8.2.3 - 4): "

,
, 90%, ".

Excel :

menu Tools Data Analysis ,

, Regression ().

22 / 38
 Core (),
R () Confidence Level (
) 90%.

90% ( 90%
),
(1 ) -7,98046 (intercept) 0,56348 (X variable 1,
). - :

R Fck R Fck R Fck R Fck R Fck

38 13.30 37 12.74 41 14.98 41 14.98 41 14.98
36 12.18 35 11.62 38 13.30 40 14.42 43 16.10
39 13.86 39 13.86 36 12.18 37 12.74
38 13.30 32 9.94 31 9.38 38 13.30
40 14.42 36 12.18 40 14.42 37 12.74
44 16.66 43 16.10 36 12.18 38 13.30
37 12.74 44 16.66 38 13.30 40 14.42

!
18 13791. :

s = 2,64 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15)
fm(n).is = 22,44 MPa
fis,lowest = = 19,00 MPa

fm(n).is. - k2s = 22,44 - 1,48 x 2,64 = 18,53 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 19,00 + 4,00 = 23,00 MPa

2, 18,53 MPa C16/20.

23 / 38
 30 ,
13791. :

s = 1,72 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15)
fm(n).is = 13,54 MPa
fis,lowest = = 9,38 MPa

fm(n).is. - k2s = 13,54 - 1,48 x 1,72 = 10,99 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 9,38 + 4,00 = 13,38 MPa

2, 10,99 MPa C8/10.

13791
:

) 90% ( + )

) 93.06%
( 1,48s). . 1.

13 MPa 0.068%.

13791 ;

. 3

: Estimating the Strength of Concrete Using Surface Rebound Value and Design Parameters f
Concrete Material, Jen-Chei Liu, Mou-Lin Sue and Chang-Huan Kou, Tamkang Journal of
Science and Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-7 (2009).

24 / 38
 :

1.
47.9%. R.

2. ()
33.3%.
R.

3. ()
28.9%.
R.

4. (, , )
36.2 24.8% .
( ) R.

5. (, , , )
33.1%. .

6. / 48.9%.
/=0.45 R.

7. 73.8%.
. 90
0.

o R ,
, , , .

: Katalin Szilgyi PhD Thesis, Rebound surface hardness and related properties of concrete, 2013,
BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS.

25 / 38
 .
R=34 16,5 109 MPa !!.

- 13791:

. . , .
" (, ,
)", , ,
,
.

26 / 38
 :

Marray A., Long A. [56] ,

,
. 50%
.

13791
,
(. 1,48s).

13 100
80 .
. .
13791 18
18 . :
( ),
22, 20, 23, 22, 24, 28, 22, 21,19, 22, 19, 20, 26, 27, 25, 22, 22, 20
( R
):
50, 47, 45, 41, 45, 41, 50, 42, 42, 47, 50, 53, 48, 44, 47, 46, 42, 41
12 :
50, 47, 45, 41, 45, 41, 50, 42, 42, 47, 50, 48
13791;

27 / 38
 13 12 R
.
R 2
12. ,
.

Excel
Core ( ) R ( ), Confidence Level ( )
90%. :

90% ( 90%
),
(1 ) 14,4938 (intercept) -0,4416 (X variable 1,
). - :

28 / 38
 :

R Fck R Fck R Fck R Fck R Fck

50 -7.56 42 -4.032 47 -6.237 41 -3.591 50 -7.56
47 -6.237 42 -4.032 46 -5.796 45 -5.355 48 -6.678
45 -5.355 47 -6.237 42 -4.032 41 -3.591
41 -3.591 50 -7.56 41 -3.591 50 -7.56
45 -5.355 53 -8.883 50 -7.56 42 -4.032
41 -3.591 48 -6.678 47 -6.237 42 -4.032
50 -7.56 44 -4.914 45 -5.355 47 -6.237
,

.
.

R2. 12 R2=0.863,
"" 86,3%
.

R2=0.034, ""
3,4% .

R2 0 1 1
.

13791 0,6 R2 0,9,

:

() ()

R2 1 - (1-R2)0,5
99.9% 96.8%
99.5% 92.9%
99.0% 90.0%
98.0% 85.9%
95.0% 77.6%
90.0% 68.4%
80.0% 55.3%
75.0% 50.0%
50.0% 29.3%
25.0% 13.4%
20.0% 10.6%
15.0% 7.8%
10.0% 5.1%
5.0% 2.5%
2.0% 1.0%

29 / 38
 "" (near surface)
"" (bulk),
R2 0.9 ( 32% ).

30 / 38


31 / 38


32 / 38


ACI 228.1R-95 "In-Place Methods to Estimate

Concrete Strength" ( ),
COV (Coeff. Of Variance)
10%.

: "
;"

33 / 38

3 0,3 m2.

10-12 ()
15%
.

3 2
.

13791.

R2
, .

(, , )
.

R2 .

34 / 38
 14 50
. .
.
13791
9 9 . :
( ):
22, 20, 23, 22, 24, 28, 22, 21,19,
( R
):
38, 36, 39, 38, 40, 44, 37, 37, 35
20 :
40, 36, 38, 41, 40, 37, 38, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 40, 42, 44, 45, 42, 43, 40,
41
13791;

13791 ( - Calibration with cores for a limited strength range

using an established relationship) :

1 9 .. 9
.

.
( 12504-2)
30 mm
. ,
28 mm.

12 cm ,
.
,
20-25 cm.

2 ( Excel),
y-y
x-x.

fck 22 20 23 22 24 28 22 21 19
R 38 36 39 38 40 44 37 37 35

35 / 38
 3 ,
13791 ( )
:

(fR, R)
( R, ,
).

36 / 38
 4 ( fck, R) dfck (
) , :

R fR fR = 1,73R - 34,5 (..

R = 38 fR = 31.24 dfck = 22 - 31,24 = -9,24)

fck 22 20 23 22 24 28 22 21 19
R 38 36 39 38 40 44 37 37 35
fR 31,24 27,78 32,97 31,24 34,70 41,62 29,51 29,51 26,05
dfck -9,24 -7,78 -9,97 -9,24 -10,70 -13,62 -7,51 -7,51 -7,05

dfck :
dfm(n) = -9,18 MPa, s = 2,08 MPa
5 13791
(fR = 1,73R - 34,5 )

f = dfm(n) - k1s
, k1 3
13791:

37 / 38
 3, n 15
.

n = 9 k1 = 1,67, :

f = dfm(n) - k1s= -9,18 -1,67 x 2,08 = -12,65 MPa

fR = 1,73R - 34,5 + f = 1,73R - 47,15

(shifted basic curve)

:

6 (9 + 20)
fR = 1,73R - 47,15

:
s = 4,58 MPa
k2 = 1,48 ( 15)
fm(n).is = 21,45 MPa
fis,lowest = = 13,40 MPa
3 MPa
( 3 MPa).
13.4 MPa.

fm(n).is. - k1s = 21,45 - 1,48 x 4,58 = 14,67 MPa
fck.is. = min
fis.lowest + 4 = 13,40 + 4,00 = 17,40 MPa

2, 14,67 MPa
C12/15.

38 / 38