Mindanao State University

College of the Natural Science and Mathematics

Fatima, Uhaw, General Santos City

CELL BIOLOGY

Assignment in Neurotrasmitters

Rabe, Shiphrah Lois C.

Salvio, Shienna Marie C.

HISTAMINE
 Histamine is an amine that is produced as part of a local immune response
to cause inflammation. It also performs several important functions in the bowel
and acts as a neurotransmitter or chemical messenger that carries signals from
one nerve to another.

This neurotransmitter is secreted by basophils and mast cells as part of a

local immune response to the presence of invading bodies. The basophils and
mast cells are found in nearby connective tissue. This histamine release causes
capillaries to become more permeable to white blood cells and other proteins,
which proceed to target and attack foreign bodies in the affected tissue. Aside
from humans, histamine is found in virtually all animals.

Histamine acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter by binding G-protein

coupled receptors in neurons of the hypothalamus. These neurons project into
many regions of the brain and spinal cord, allowing histamine to mediate
attention, arousal, and allergic responses. Of the four types of histamine receptors
(H1 - H4), H3 is found in the central nervous system and is responsible for
regulating histamine effects on neurotransmission.

Antihistamines are drugs that inhibit the action of histamine in the body by
blocking the receptors of histamine. There are two types of histamine receptors
H1 and H2. When H1 receptors are stimulated by histamine it may produce
allergic reactions such as itching, hay fever and rash or hives. Antihistamines
treat the symptoms of allergic reactions. Some antihistamines are sedating and
although some are classed as non-sedating antihistamines, they may still cause
drowsiness in some people.