English second greatest Japanese haiku poet

represents a romantic view of the Japanese

landscape
Kobayashi Issa
Characteristics of Literature generally ranked with Basho and Buson
Chinese Literature lived in poverty and such background was
Types of Chinese Literature: reflected in his haikus
Shih (rigid type of Chinese poem) Meiji Period
Drama period of rapid industrialization
free verse was brought into the poetic repertoire
Free Verse
Novel Post-War Literature
Folklore
influenced by Japans defeat in WWII
Chinese Folktales stories were mostly about loss of purpose,
Short and simple plots disaffection and coping with defeat
Show Chinese values and morals
Contemporary Literature
Triumph of justice over injustice
Emphasis on wisdom and not strength era when Manga became highly popular
Banana Yoshimoto
best-selling contemporary author
Japanese Literature Haruki Murakami
Eras of Japanese Literature one of the most popular and controversial
of todays Japanese authors
Ancient Literature
(international author)
Nara Period
Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) oldest
Indian Literature
existing chronicle [myths about Japans origin] One of the worlds oldest and richest
Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan) [Japanese history] Oral traditions storytellers present traditional Indian
Beginning of Japanese poetry, known as waka text
Chinese characters (manyogana) were used to Literature is influenced by:
express the sounds of the Japanese a. A religious doctrine karma the chain of
Tanka good and bad action and their inevitable
- composed of 31 syllables in a 5-7-5-7-7 consequences, which result to the repeated
pattern that talked about nature birth and death of the soul.
Heian Period b. Mythology of the dominant Hindu deities
court ladies played a central role in literature
Lady Murasaki Shikibu Literature
- Tale of Genji a political novel Sanskrit literature has its origins in an oral
tradition that produced the Vedic holy texts
Medieval Literature (Indian bible)
Main focus was on religion (piety)
Kamakura-Muromachi Period Two great books of Hindu tradition, the
Noh Theater Mahabharata and the Ramayana
- national theater of Japan Puranas and the Panchatantra
Tale of the Heike
- Japanese epic Rabindranath Tagore
Asias first Nobel Laureate for literature in
Modern Literature 1913

Edo Period The God of Small Things - written by Arundhati

Renga Roy a literary figure in the late 1990s
- successive linked verses by several people Train to Pakistan Khushwant Singh
forming a long poem Dalit (Opressed) Writing - a literary
Joruri (Puppet Play) movement where men and women of
- done with beautifully made life-size puppets marginalized and low-caste communities write
Kabuki Theater poetry and fiction about their own lives and
- play with all male actors which focuses on communities
the lives of the common people and is
marked by sensitivity and melodrama African Literature
Haiku
Matsuo Basho
Africas literary contributions include oral traditions in
greatest Japanese haiku poet
elevated the haiku to a serious poetic form prose and poetry in their native language and were
Yosa Buson later translated to English and French. It consists of:

l.santos. II-8 1011

 Proverbs Songs were improvised
Myths National language: Bahasa Indonesia
Songs Simple poems
Tales Oral literature
animals play a dominant role in African myths and Myths
folk stories Animal stories
There are 700 African languages but only 49 have beast fables
been used for literary expression and from those 18 Fairytales
are South African Legends
Three important areas in African literature: Puzzles and riddles
[written] indigenous literature Anecdotes
African writings in English Adventure stories
The Nigerian novel Examples:
WWII saw the rise of African intellectuals who were The Ever Lighted Lamp (Takdir Alisjohbana)
educated in France, England the US who wrote in Unruffled Sails
English or French

Types of African poetry:

narrative epic
occupational verse Malay Literature in Indonesia
ritual verse
praise poems (told by griots or praise singers) Novels and poetry
Songs: love songs, work songs, childrens songs, Moral intents
epigrams and riddles Pantum (1st and 3rd lines rhyme and 2nd and 4th lines
rhyme)
Philippine Literature
Thai Literature
Can generally be divided into three periods:
The Legendary and Epic age (pre-Spanish) Prominent literature is poetry
- Oral literature light, romantic and musical
- Magical incantations, myths, legends
klons pet ton musical love songs (8 lines)
and folktales
- Worship of the sun and moon and Ramakien epic in lyrical verse (sung)
nature Writing
- Stories on the origin of the universe and Mythical
the human race Quasi-historical
- Examples:
Religious
Biag ni Lam-ang
Legal and religious literature
Hudhud and Alim
Bidasari Ex. Inao (the Thai Ramayana)
Indarapatra and Sulayman Modern: the realistic novel
Short stories
Period of Spanish occupation Thai Classics (ex. Pattma Sompothtyan)
- Literature that was religious in nature
- The Pasyon
- Moro-moro (drama) Subject-Verb Agreement
- Awit and Corido (poetry) Check your NAT reviewers
- Nationalistic poetry
- Propaganda literature
- Examples: Connotation & Denotation
Florante at Laura Denotation
Noli Me Tangere The literal meaning of a word
El Filibusterismo The dictionary meaning of a word
The word is described in a neutral tone
Period of the American occupation
- Literature in English
- Short stories
Connotation
- Writing as a form of artistic expression Emotional/cultural meaning or exposure attached to
the word
Southeast Asian Literature: Indonesia Implies a particular point of view in a positive or
Early literature had religious functions negative tone
Songs and exorcisms (like psalms) Value-laden (or lack of)
No strict formal pattern

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 always serve wisdom and
Local Color goodness

Or regional literature focuses on the characters,

dialect, customs, topography and other features
particular to a specific region
The use of slang, colloquialism or foreign words

Title Place of Local Color Used

Origin
Dahong Palay Philippines Names: Sebio; Binay; pacio
Local terms: Tia; suman;
pasmado; bibingka; nanay

The Gold Thailand Names: Nai Hah Tong; Nang

Harvest Song Sal
Local terms: chai; mai pen
rai; namprick; mai pen rat;
mai chai
Traditions: gods; dining
practices; family ties
The Story of Israel Names: Naomi (pleasant);
Ruth Mara (bitter); Boaz;
Elimelech; Orpah
Traditions: widows marry
the closest single male
relative; giving of a dowry
The Wonder Saudi Arabia Names: Zuleika; Ali Ben
Tree Ahmed; Ben Nedi
Local terms: sheik; salaam
Traditions: gift-giving;
hospitality

Folk Tales
Title Place of Important Stuff
Origin
Guno and Indonesia Characters: Guno (helpful);
Koyo Koyo (rich)
What happened: they went to
rob the house of an old hadji
but ended up doing foolish
things, causing them to get
chased and jumping into a dry
riverbedmaking fools out of
themselves
Dont go swimming in a dry
riverbed

The Four Myanmar Characters: Aung; Mala; the

Puppets (Burma) four puppets (the King of the
Gods [Thagyarmin]; the Ogre
[Yaksha]; the Sorcerer [Zawgyi]
and the Hermit)
King (wisdom)
Ogre (strength)
Sorcerer (knowledge)
Hermit (goodness)
Theme: Goodness
Strength and knowledge must

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