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Симендић Цицерон PDF
Симендић Цицерон PDF
Симендић Цицерон PDF
Marko Simendi*
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Fakultet politikih nauka
Ciceronova drava:
Izmeu prava, korisnosti
i dunosti**
Apstrakt
Rad se bavi odreenjem drave (res publica) koje u svom delu Drava nudi
Marko Tulije Ciceron. Pored razmatranja nekoliko kljunih pojmova (res
publica, civitas, ius, lex), u radu se analiziraju dva glavna elementa koja ine
Ciceronovu definiciju drave i, unutar nje, naroda: zajednika korist (utilitas
communione) i saglasnost u pravu (iuris consensus). Ciceronovo shvatanje dr-
ave podrano je njegovim vienjem prirodnog prava i prirodnog ljudskog
poretka. Drava se posmatra kao vrsta prirodnog partnerstva u kome svi la-
novi imaju obavezu da uestvuju, ali gde dobijaju ovlaenja, odgovornosti i
nagrade u skladu sa svojim drutvenim statusom.
Kljune rei:
Ciceron, drava, republika, predstavljanje, pravo, pravda, korist, persona,
dunost
* Email: marko.simendic@fpn.bg.ac.rs
** Rad je nastao u okviru nauno-istraivakog projekta Univerziteta u Beogradu
Fakulteta politikih nauka, Politiki identitet Srbije u regionalnom i globalnom kon-
tekstu (evidencioni broj: 179076), koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i
tehnolokog razvoja Republike Srbije.
56 m a r ko si me n di
Uvod
Janet Coleman, A History of Political Thought: From Ancient Greece to Early Christian-
ity, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2000, pp. 232233.
Mihailo uri, Istoria politike filozofie, Albatros plus, Beograd, 2010, str. 156.
Radomir Luki, Istoria politikih i pravnih teoria, Zavod za udbenike i nastavna
sredstva i BIGZ, Beograd, 1995, str. 174.
Odlian pregled Ciceronovog dela u kontekstu klasine republikanske misli dae
Aleksandar Molnar, Rasprava o demokratsko i ustavno dravi, I, Samizdat B92, Be-
ograd, 2001. Takoe, nedavni pregled raznovrsnih rasprava o Ciceronovom odre-
enju moe se pronai u Elizabeth Asmis, The State as a Partnership: Ciceros De-
finition of Res Publica In His Work On the State, History of Political Thought, vol.
25, no. 4.
c iceronova dr ava : i zmeu pr ava , kor isnost i i du nost i 57
Ciceron ovde nudi vie od puke osude napada na tue telo ili imovinu.
On nam saoptava i osnovni kriterium koim moemo da procenjuemo
ispravnost svoih postupaka. Od nas se trai da zamislimo situaciu u koo
svako postupa u skladu sa onim to vidi kao sopstveni interes, a koi e su-
protstavljen zaednikom interesu. U tom sluau, ukoliko svi tee onome to
smatrau dobrim za sebe (a loim za druge), zaednica e se raspasti. Poto e
svaki ovek drutveno bie i svou sreu moe da ostvari iskljuivo u zaednici
sa drugim ljudima, greie ukoliko misli da e njegov interes na bilo koi nain
izdvoen od interesa zaednice ii e deo.
Ovakva promiljanja osnova su naeg moralnog postupanja i osnovna
dunost kou imamo kao ljudska bia. tavie, naa e dunost da razmotri-
mo svaki svo postupak: svaki postupak mora biti osloboen lakomisleno-
sti i nemarnosti, i nita se ne sme uraditi za ta ne postoi dovoljno opravdan
Ciceron e napisao Dravu izmeu 54. i 51. godine pre nove ere. Raeno po
uzoru na Platonovu Dravu, ovo Ciceronovo delo prenosi fiktivni razgovor
koi se odigrava na imanju Publia Kornelia Scipiona Afrikog Mlaeg, 129.
godine pre nove ere. Dialog o parhelii, prividno poavi dvau Sunaca, ubrzo
se pretvara u razgovor o Rimu podeljenom na dva senata pa ak skoro i dva
naroda.17 Rim e rastrzan previranjima koa su ga zadesila za vreme tribunata
30 Est igitur, inquit Africanus, res publica res populi populus autem non omnis ho-
minum coetus quoquo modo congregatus, sed coetus multitudinis iuris consensu
et utilitatis communione sociatus. Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Re Publica, op. cit.,
pp. 104105.
31 Ciceron, Drava, op. cit., str. 43.
c iceronova dr ava : i zmeu pr ava , kor isnost i i du nost i 63
32 Asmis, The State as a Partnership: Ciceros Definition of Res Publica In His Work
On the State, op. cit., p. 578.
33 Ciceron, Zakoni, op. cit., str. 2122. Nedavno iscrpno razmatranje Ciceronovog
vienja prirodnog i dravnog zakona moe se nai u: Elisabeth Asmis, Cicero on
Natural Law and the Laws of the State, Classical Antiquity, vol. 27, no. 1.
34 Ciceron, Drava, op. cit., str. 102103.
35 Ciceron, Zakoni, op. cit., str. 2930.
36 Ciceron, O dunostima, op. cit., str. 184.
37 Ciceron, Drava, op. cit., str. 80.
64 m a r ko si me n di
43 Phillip H De Lacy, The Four Stoic Personae, Illinois Classical Studies, vol. 2.
44 Ciceron, O dunostima, op. cit. 154.
45 Ibidem, str. 144.
46 Ibidem, str. 148.
47 Ibidem, str. 146.
66 m a r ko si me n di
Zakljuak
the Modern Concept of Representation, The Journal of Politics, vol. 72, n. 4, pp.
10681069.
55 Ciceron, O dunostima, op. cit., str. 135.
56 Ciceron, Drava, op. cit., str. 48; Asmis, The State as a Partnership: Ciceros Defi-
nition of Res Publica In His Work On the State, op. cit.
57 Elizabeth Asmis, A New Kind of Model: Ciceros Roman Constitution in De Re-
publica, American Journal of Philology, Vol. 126, no. 3.
58 Ciceron, Drava, op. cit, str. 49.
68 m a r ko si me n di
Bibliografia
[1] Asmis Elisabeth, Cicero on Natural Law and the Laws of the State, Classical
Antiquity, vol. 27 no. 1, pp. 133.
[2] Asmis Elizabeth, A New Kind of Model: Ciceros Roman Constitution in De
Republica, American Journal of Philology, Vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 377416.
[3] Asmis Elizabeth, The State as a Partnership: Ciceros Definition of Res Publica In
His Work On the State, History of Political Thought, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 56998.
[4] Cicero Marcus Tullius, De Re Publica. Ed. G. H. Moser, F. Creuzer. Francofurti ad
Maenum. 1826.
[5] Ciceron Marko Tulie, O dunostima u Filozofski spisi, Matica srpska, Novi Sad,
1978.
[6] Ciceron Marko Tulie, Drava, Plato, Beograd, 2002.
[7] Ciceron Marko Tulie, Zakoni, Plato, Beograd, 2002.
[8] Coleman Janet, A History of Political Thought: From Ancient Greece to Early
Christianity, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2000.
[9] uri Mihailo, Istoria politike filozofie, Albatros plus, Beograd, 2010.
[10] Luki Radomir, Istoria politikih i pravnih teoria, Zavod za udbenike i nastavna
sredstva i BIGZ, Beograd, 1995.
[11] Molnar Aleksandar, Rasprava o demokratsko i ustavno dravi, I, Samizdat B92,
Beograd, 2001.
[12] Phillip H De Lacy, The Four Stoic Personae, Illinois Classical Studies, vol. 2, pp.
163172.
[13] Remer Gary, The Classical Orator as Political Representative: Cicero and the
Modern Concept of Representation, The Journal of Politics, vol. 72, n. 4, pp.
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[14] Wood Neal, Ciceros Social and Political Thought, University of California Press,
Berkeley, 1988.
c iceronova dr ava : i zmeu pr ava , kor isnost i i du nost i 69
Marko Simendi
Ciceros state: between law,
utility and duty
Summary
The paper examines Marcus Tullius Ciceros definition of the state (res publi-
ca) as it is presented in his work On the Commonwealth. After discussing some
of the key terms (res publica, civitas, ius, lex), the paper focuses on two chief
elements which make Ciceros definition of the state and, within it, his defi-
nition of the people: community of interest (utilitas communione) and agree-
ment on law (iuris consensus). It is argued that Ciceros view of the state is re-
inforced by his account of natural law and natural human order. The state is
seen as a kind of natural partnership in which all members have to play their
social roles and are given authority, responsibilities, and rewards according
to their social standing.
Key words:
Cicero, state, republic, representation, law, justice, utility, persona, duty