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Embryo Lab Exercise 4
Embryo Lab Exercise 4
Embryo Lab Exercise 4
- Tail
- Neural tube
- Notochord
- Segmented mesoderm
- Fin folds
Neural system differentiates into: (Has thickenings and constrictions)
Presence of Epiphysis
Olfactory Placodes
Lens Placode
- Anterior to pits
- DERIVED FROM: Ectoderm (paired thickenings of head ectoderm)
- FATE: Evaginates to form the lens vesicle and then the eye lens in the future
Otic Lens
- Level of Rhombencephalon
- In the form of a closed chamber
- FORMED BY: evagination of the otic placode
Notochord
Heart
Liver
**Bulk of Body is filled with Endodermal yolk serves as nutrition for the growth and differentiation of
the embryo
Proctodeum
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Serial sections
Prosencephalon
Mesenchyme
Head Mesenchyme
- Fills spaces between presumptive epidermis (skin ectoderm) and walls of prosencephalon
- DERIVED FROM: Mesoderm with additional cells of neural crest origin
Olfactory Placodes
Infundibulum
- Portion of prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon appears dorsal to the infundibulum
- FATE: Develops as a depression in the floor of the prosecephalon
- Precursor to the posterior portion of the pituitary gland
Hypophysis
- Ventral to infundibulum
- Small knot of tissue
- DERIVED FROM: Ectoderm
- Develops as an inward growing cord of ectoderm from stomodeum
- FATE: anterior portion of pituitary gland
Optic Cups
- Lateral to infundibulum
- Lens vesicle present on left side
Mesencephalon
Oral Plate
- Thickened region
- Cranial portion of the alimentary canal in contact with the ectoderm in head
- ALSO KNOWN AS: pharyngeal plate or oropharyngeal membrane
Stomodeum
- Solid ingrowth or nodular aggregation of cells between oral and brain cavity
- Hypophysis described in 2 ways:
- May be used to describe portion of enveloping gland:
o FORMED BY: Invagination of stomodeum which fuses with the infundibulum to
form the pituitary gland
o Eg. Rathkes pocket
- May be used to describe a complete adult gland:
o Endocrine gland
FORMED BY: An ingrowth from the stomodeum (Rathkes pocket) and the
infundibulum
- ALSO KNOWN AS: pituitary gland
Infundibulum
Adhesive Glands
Optic Vesicle
Optic Cup
- Double-walled structure
- FORMED BY: Invagination of the distal portion of the optic vesicle
- Inner layer thicker than outer layer
- **what are the fates of the inner and outer layer of the optic cup? Idk manual asked
Optic Stalk
Pharynx
- Region of foregut
- FATE: Paired evagination corresponds to pharyngeal pouches
Otic
Heart
Mesomeres
- Wedged between notochord and midgut, a small knot of cells can be identified that are part
of the subnotochordal rod (omg review ano to ulit???)
- Subnotochordal rod
o Transient structure of endodermal origin
o Unknown function that disappears later on
o Char andyan na nga, mawawala pa. yan tayo eh
Dorsal Fin
- Flat extension of the body wall along dorsal midline of the trunk and tail
- FATE: Degenerates during metamorphosis of tadpole
Hindgut
Proctodeum
WHOLE MOUNT
Characterized with:
Transverse Section
- Olfactory pits
o Now visible lateral to ventral portion of prosencephalon
o Began as two thickenings (placodes of ectoderm in 4mm frog)
o FORMED BY: Invaginated and lengthened to form pits
o DERIVED FROM: Ectoderm
o FATE: nasal passages with olfactory receptors
- Large indentation on the ventral surface of the embryo
Marks the beginning of the oral cavity
- Oral Plate
o Has become perforated and embryo now has an open mouth
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Olfactory Pit
Epiphysis
Head Mesenchyme
Diencephalon
Optic Cup
- Outer pigmented layer and inner retinal portion of the optic cup can be distinguished at this
level
- Lens vesicle in concavity
Pharynx
Stomodeum
Adhesive Glands
Level of Rhombencephalon
- Below mesencephalon
- Small portion of wall of infundibulum evident
- Lateral to floor of the mesencephalon
o Developing cranial nerve ganglion observed here
Part of the peripheral nervous system
Derived from neural crest cells
- Posterior portion of the optic cup may still be visible
Pharynx
- As described previously
- But pharynx is wider here
Thyroid
Notochord
Otic Vesicle
Heart
Bulbus cordis
Pericardial Coelom
- Mass of cells
- FUNCTION: temporarily blocks esophagus before amphibian larva begins to feed
External Gills