Impulse Response in Circuit Analysis

7940
Department of Electrical Engineering,
FAST-NU, Islamabad, Pakistan.
28 April 2014

AbstractThis document is about Impulse Response in As 0 the function approaches to

circuit analysis. What is Impulse Response. What are the infinity at origin and the area of the
uses of Impulse Response in Circuit Analysis. Application
function is a constant.
of Impulse Response in Circuit Analysis. Examples of
t t
Impulse Response.

Keywords Significance,Linearity,Applications
Area=

( ke )
0
+

( ke )


2 0
2
I. INTRODUCTION 0 +
This document is describing Impulse Response. What is
impulse response. How can we achieve Impulse Response in
circuits. Its uses in circuit analysis and how it is helping us in Area= t
solving circuits. Furthermore this document is describing
ke
properties of Impulse Response. What is the basic role of
1
impulse response in circuit analysis. The document also It 2
tells us what are the relation between transfer function and
impulse response. How can we find impulse response from 0 +
transfer function. It also tell us the relation between step
response and impulse response. The impulse response of
parallel RC circuit and series RC circuit. Impulse response of = t
series RL circuit. Examples of impulse response. Transform of K e
transfer function into impulse response.
2 1
II. BACKGROUND
This document is about impulse response of circuits. K K
What is impulse. How it is effect our real life. How can we
= + =K
2 2
achieve benefit from impulse in daily life. What is impulse
response in circuit analysis. How can we find impulse
response of a circuit.
IP(Impulse Response)

Impulse Response
What is Impulse?

Impulse is a function which fulfill following three

conditions.
1. Its height approaches to infinity. A graphic representation of impulse k ( t ) and
2. Its length approaches to zero. ( ta )
3. The area under the variable parameter
function is constant as parameter vary. What is Impulse Response?
Impulse Response is the out put of a system when input is
Example of Impulse function a impulse and all initial condition are zero.
t Impulse is the short name for zero state response with unit IP.
ke

f ( t )=
2 (t ) h (t)
(t ) h ( ta )
 w ( t ) wh ( t a )
x (t ) x ( t )h ( t )

Relation between IR and Transfer

function:
Impulse Response is the inverse Laplace Transform of
Transfer Function
Example
The above circuit is a series RC circuit. All the initial
condition are zero. The is energized by an impulse source. The
capacitor can not impulse voltage. The resistor absorbs the
impulse voltage and a current of 1/RC flows through the
circuit. This Impulse current flows results in sudden damping
of 1/RC of charge on the capacitor plates changing the
capacitor voltage from 0 at t=0- to 1/RC V at t=0+. The unit
impulse voltage source is shot circuit for t>=0 +. Therefore the
only effect of impulse voltage application is to change the
initial conditions of the capacitor instantaneously. The circuit
effectively becomes a source free circuit with initial energy
t>=0+ and execute its zero input response.
Vo ( s ) Initial voltage across capacitor is 1/RC V and all the voltages
H(s)=
Vin ( s ) and currents in the circuit decay exponentially to zero with a
R time constant of = RC
H(s)= Vc(t)= -VR (t)= (e -t/ )/RC V for t>=0
SL+ R
-Ic(t)= -IR (t)= (e -t/ )/R.RC A for t>=0
R R
h(t)=
L
e
L Impulse Response of Parallel RC Circuit:
This is the Impulse Response of the circuit.
Relation between Impulse Response and
Step Response:
Impulse Response is the short name for Zero State Response
with unit impulse input.
Step Response is the short name for Zero State Response with
unit step input.
If IR of a linear time invariant circuit is known its step
response can be obtained by integrating its impulse response
between the limit 0+ to t.
This works since both impulse response and step response are
zero state responses. Note that only zero state response gets
integrated.
Impulse Response of Series RC Circuit:

The above circuit shows the unit impulse current of

parallel RC circuit with zero initial condition. The resistor
cannot support the impulse current. If it were to do so it
would have called for an impulse voltage across it and
that will be resisted by the capacitor in parallel. Therefore
all the impulse content goes through the capacitor
changing its voltage by 1/C V instantaneously from 0 at
t=0- to 1/C V at t=0+. The unit impulse current source is
effectively an open circuit after t=0+.
Therefore
Vc(t)=Vr(t)=(e-t/ )/C V for t>=0
Ir(t)= -Ic(t) )=(e-t/ )/RC A for t>+0

III. Examples

H(s)=Vo(s)/Vin(s)

Vo(s)=Vin(s)/(1+s)

H(s)= 1/(1+s)

h(t)=e-t

H(s)=Vo(s)/Vin(s)

H( Req=2S/(S+2)+1
s)=Vo(s)/Vin(s)
Req=(3S+2)/(S+2)
Vo(s)=Vin(s)/(1+1/s)
Io(s)=Vin(s)2/ (3S+2)
H(s)= 1/(1+1/s)
Vo(s)=Vin(s)2S/(3S+2)
h(t)= -e-t H(s)=2S/(3S+2)
Example 2 h(t)= -4/3 e-2/3t

IV. REFERENCES
[1] Wikipedia.com/LaplaceTransform

[2] J.w Nillson, "Electric Circuits".

[3] Charles K.Alexander, "Fundamentals of Electric Circuit",
3rd ed. Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
[4] Charles K. Alexander, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits,
4th edition. Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering Cleveland State University.
[5] James.W Nillson, "Electric Circuits",9th
edition,professor Emeritus Lowa State
University

[6] A.Ramakalyan, "Linear Circuits Analysis and synthesis",

6th ed., Department of Instrumentation and control
Engineering National Institute of Technology
Tiruchirappalli, 2005.

K.S Suresh Kumar, "Electric Circuits and Networks".,

Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of
Technology Calicut Kerala.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linearity.
users.ece.gatech.edu/~hamblen/3710/ch3.pdf.