Hardness testing

Rockwell Vickers Brinell and Universal

ISO 6508 / ASTM E 18 ISO 6507 / ASTM E 384 ISO 6506 / ASTM E 10

ZHV, ZHR
ZHR 4150AK handling system ZHV30/zwicki-Line ZHV ZHU topLine UNAT Nano tester

ZHR valve testing ZHR Jominy ZHV30-m ZHV10 ZHU2.5/zwicki-Line ZHU250

FF
F0 FFm FF00
Measurement quantity indentation distances: FF Measurement quantity indentation distances: d Measurement quantity indentation distances:
level

0 m
Referencelevel

Rockwell hardness HR. The inden- Vickers hardness HV. Brinell hardness HB. Two diame- d
Reference

tation depth h is measured in mm. The lengths of both diagonals of ters, at right angles to one another,
3 mm 3 mm HRC, D, A, the remaining test indentation are of the remaining indentation in the
2.5d 3d (steel, copper)
h

Definition measured.
specimen surface are measured.
HR = N - h/S 1 oder 2 mm 3 mm HR...N/T 2.5d 3d
5d 6d (light metal)
Initial
Initial Loading Measurement
Measurement N ... Numerical value (determined Loading
Loading
Definition Loading
position
position
Definition
position
position position
position position
position
for each Rockwell method) position
position HV = 0.102 F/A minimum specimen thickness: HB = 0.102 F/A
HRC,D,A = 100 - h/0.002 h ... Remaining indentation depth = 0.1891 F/d = 0.102 2F/ ( D(D-D-d)) minimum specimen thickness:
minimum thickness: d
in mm F ... Test load in N F ... Test load in N
1
d2

d:h 7:1
d

Measurement
Measurement
S ... Scale value in mm A ... Indentation surface in mm A ... Indentation surface in mm
1
d2

HRG,B,F,K,E,H = 130 - h/0.002 10h = cone

d

Position
position
1.5d

Measurement
h

This value is the change in inden- 15h = ball Measurement d ... Arithmetic average value of D ... ball indentor dia. in mm
10h

8h
position
position
h

h
HR...N,T = 100 - h/0.001 tation depth in mm that corres- the diagonal lengths in mm d ... arithmetic average from two
ponds to one Rockwell unit. measured indentation
application area: application area: application area:

token indenter pre-force [N] total-load [N] scale range

HRC diamond cone 98.07 1471 2070 HRC

HRD diamond cone 98.07 980.7 4077 HRD
HRA diamond cone 98.07 588.4 6088 HRY
HRG 1/16" HM-ball 98.07 1471 3094 HRG
HRB 1/16" HM-ball 98.07 980.7 20100 HRB
HRF 1/16" HM-ball 98.07 588.4 60100 HRF
HRK 1/8" HM-ball 98.07 1471 40100 HRK
HRE 1/8" HM-ball 98.07 980.7 70100 HRE
HRH 1/8" HM-ball 98.07 588.4 80100 HRH
HR15N diamond cone 29.42 147.1 7094 HR15N
HR30N diamond cone 29.42 294.2 4286 HR30N
HR45N diamond cone 29.42 441.3 2077 HR45N

No responsibility is taken for the correctness of this information. All data at ambient temperature. All rights reserved. Copyright by Zwick 2012
HR15T 1/16" HM-ball 29.42 147.1 6793 HR15T
HR30T 1/16" HM-ball 29.42 294.2 2982 HR30T
HR45T 1/16" HM-ball 29.42 441.3 1072 HR45T

HRA HRB HRC HRD HR15N HR30N HR45N HV HB Rm

Conversion of hardness to hardness and hardness to tensile strenght for unalloyed and Minimum Thickness Requirements minimum specimen thickness (mm) average indentation
67.6 34.4 51.1 77.4 54.4 36.5 340.0 323.0 1095.0
low-alloy steels and cast iron (extract of ISO 18265 table A.1) for Brinell diameter
67.0 33.3 50.2 76.8 53.6 35.2 330.0 313.0 1060.0
HRA HRB HRC HRD HR15N HR30N HR45N HV HB Rm 66.4 32.2 49.4 76.2 52.3 33.9 320.0 304.0 1030.0
65.8 31.0 48.4 75.6 51.3 32.5 310.0 294.0 995.0 D=1 D=2.5 D=5 D=10 d (mm)
85.6 68.0 76.9 93.2 84.4 75.4 940.0
65.2 29.8 47.5 74.9 50.2 31.1 300.0 285.0 965.0 0.08 0.2
85.3 67.5 76.5 93.0 84.0 74.8 920.0 3.4
85.0 67.0 76.1 92.9 83.6 74.2 900.0 64.8 29.2 47.1 74.6 49.7 30.4 295.0 280.0 950.0 0.18 0.3
84.7 66.4 75.7 92.7 83.1 73.6 880.0 64.5 105.0 28.5 46.5 74.2 49.0 29.5 290.0 275.0 930.0 0.33 0.4
84.4 65.9 75.3 92.5 82.7 73.1 860.0 64.2 104.5 27.8 46.0 73.8 48.4 28.7 285.0 271.0 915.0 3.2 0.54 0.5
84.1 65.3 74.8 92.3 82.2 72.2 840.0 63.8 104.0 27.1 45.3 73.4 47.8 27.9 280.0 266.0 900.0
0.80 0.29 0.6
83.8 64.7 74.3 92.1 81.7 71.8 820.0 63.5 103.0 26.4 44.9 73.0 47.2 27.1 275.0 261.0 880.0 3.0
63.1 102.0 25.6 44.3 72.6 46.4 26.2 270.0 256.0 865.0
0.40 0.7
83.4 64.0 73.8 91.8 81.1 71.0 800.0
62.7 101.5 24.8 43.7 72.1 45.7 25.2 265.0 252.0 850.0 0.53 0.8
83.0 63.3 73.3 91.5 80.4 70.2 780.0 2.8
82.6 62.5 72.6 91.2 79.7 69.4 760.0 0.67 0.9
82.2 61.8 72.1 91.0 79.1 68.6 740.0 HRA HRB HRC HRD HR15T HR30T HR45T HV HB Rm 0.83 1.0
62.4 101.0 24.0 43.1 260.0 247.0 835.0 2.6 1.02 1.1
Ro

81.8 61.0 71.5 90.7 78.4 67.7 720.0

62.0 100.0 23.1 42.2 93.0 82.0 72.0 255.0 242.0 820.0
c

81.3 60.1 70.8 90.3 77.6 66.7 700.0 1.23 0.58 1.2
kw

81.1 59.7 70.5 90.1 77.2 66.2 690.0 61.6 99.5 22.2 41.7 92.8 81.6 71.5 250.0 237.0 800.0 2.4 1.46 0.69 1.3
ell

80.8 59.2 70.1 89.8 76.8 65.7 680.0 61.2 98.8 21.3 41.1 92.5 81.3 70.8 245.0 233.0 785.0
Ba

60.7 98.1 20.3 40.3 92.3 81.0 70.0 240.0 228.0 770.0 1.72 0.80 1.4
80.6 58.8 69.8 89.7 76.4 65.3 670.0
ll S

2.2 2.00 0.92 1.5

80.3 58.3 69.4 89.5 75.9 64.7 660.0 97.4 92.1 80.6 69.4 235.0 223.0 755.0
ca
Minimum Thickness

96.7 91.9 80.2 68.7 230.0 219.0 740.0 1.05 1.6

les

80.0 57.8 69.0 89.2 75.5 64.1 650.0 618.0 2180.0

96.0 91.7 79.7 68.0 225.0 214.0 720.0 2.0 1.19 1.7
79.8 57.3 68.7 89.0 75.1 63.5 640.0 608.0 2145.0
(
HR

95.0 91.5 79.2 67.0 220.0 209.0 705.0 1.34 1.8

79.5 56.8 68.3 88.8 74.6 63.0 630.0 599.0 2105.0
B,

94.0 91.2 78.5 66.0 215.0 204.0 690.0 1.8

79.2 56.3 67.9 88.5 74.2 62.4 620.0 589.0 2070.0 1.50 1.9
H

93.5 90.9 78.0 65.5 210.0 199.0 675.0

RF

78.9 55.7 67.5 88.2 73.6 61.7 610.0 580.0 2030.0 1.67 2.0
92.5 90.6 77.5 64.5 205.0 195.0 660.0
,e

78.6 55.2 67.0 88.0 73.2 61.2 600.0 570.0 1995.0

91.5 90.3 77.0 63.5 200.0 190.0 640.0 1.6 Ro 2.04 2.2
tc

78.4 54.7 66.7 87.8 72.7 60.5 590.0 561.0 1955.0 ck

.)

90.5 90.0 76.4 62.5 195.0 185.0 625.0 we 2.46 1.17 2.4
78.0 54.1 66.2 87.5 72.1 59.9 580.0 551.0 1920.0
89.5 89.6 75.8 61.5 190.0 181.0 610.0 1.4 HR ll D 2.92 1.38 2.6
77.8 53.6 65.8 87.2 71.7 59.3 570.0 542.0 1880.0 TS iam
88.3 89.3 75.2 60.4 185.0 176.0 595.0 3.43 1.60 2.8
77.4 53.0 65.4 86.9 71.2 58.6 560.0 532.0 1845.0
87.1 89.0 74.6 59.3 180.0 171.0 575.0 up on
77.0 52.3 64.8 86.6 70.5 57.8 550.0 523.0 1810.0 1.2 erfi d 4.00 1.84 3.0
86.0 88.5 74.0 58.6 175.0 166.0 560.0 cia Sc
76.7 51.7 64.4 86.3 70.0 57.0 540.0 513.0 1775.0 lR ale 2.10 3.2
85.0 88.0 73.5 58.0 170.0 162.0 545.0 oc s(
76.4 51.1 63.9 86.0 69.5 56.2 530.0 504.0 1740.0 83.2 87.5 72.5 56.4 165.0 156.0 530.0 1.0 kw 2.68 3.6
76.1 50.5 63.5 85.7 69.0 55.6 520.0 494.0 1700.0 ell HR
81.7 87.0 71.2 54.7 160.0 152.0 510.0
HR Sc A, 3.34 4.0
75.7 49.8 62.9 85.4 68.3 54.7 510.0 485.0 1665.0 NS ale HR
75.3 49.1 62.2 85.0 67.7 53.9 500.0 475.0 1630.0
80.2 86.5 70.0 53.0 155.0 147.0 495.0 0.8
upe s 4.08 4.4
78.7 86.0 69.0 51.0 150.0 143.0 480.0 rfici C, 4.91 4.8
74.9 48.4 61.6 84.7 67.1 53.1 490.0 466.0 1595.0 76.8 85.5 68.0 50.0 145.0 138.0 465.0 al R et
74.5 47.7 61.3 84.3 66.4 52.2 480.0 456.0 1555.0 0.6 ock c.) 5.83 5.2
75.0 85.0 67.0 48.5 140.0 133.0 450.0 wel
74.1 46.9 60.7 83.9 65.7 51.3 470.0 447.0 1520.0 73.0 84.5 65.5 46.5 135.0 128.0 430.0 l Sc 6.86 5.6
73.6 46.1 60.1 83.6 64.9 50.4 460.0 437.0 1485.0 0.4 ales 8.00 6.0
71.2 83.8 64.0 44.5 130.0 124.0 415.0
73.3 45.3 59.4 83.2 64.3 49.4 450.0 428.0 1455.0 69.0 83.0 62.5 42.5 125.0 119.0 400.0
73.0 44.5 58.8 82.8 63.5 48.4 440.0 418.0 1420.0 66.7 82.2 61.5 40.5 120.0 114.0 385.0 0.2
72.3 43.6 58.2 82.3 62.7 47.4 430.0 408.0 1385.0 64.5 81.5 59.5 38.0 115.0 109.0 370.0
71.8 42.7 57.5 81.8 61.9 46.4 420.0 399.0 1350.0 62.3 80.8 58.0 35.5 110.0 105.0 350.0 0
71.4 41.8 56.8 81.4 61.1 45.3 410.0 389.0 1320.0 59.3 80.0 56.0 32.0 105.0 100.0 335.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
70.8 40.8 56.0 80.8 60.2 44.1 400.0 380.0 1290.0 56.2 79.0 53.5 29.0 100.0 95.0 320.0
70.3 39.8 55.3 80.3 59.3 42.9 390.0 370.0 1255.0 52.0 77.5 51.0 25.0 95.0 90.0 305.0 Hardness
69.8 38.8 54.4 79.8 58.4 41.7 380.0 361.0 1220.0 48.0 76.0 48.5 20.5 90.0 85.0 285.0 The above graphs are based on the internationally accepted recommendation that specifies a minimum thick-
69.2 37.7 53.6 79.2 57.4 40.4 370.0 351.0 1190.0 41.0 74.0 43.5 13.5 85.0 81.0 270.0 ness, not less than ten times (fifteen times) the depth indentation using a cone indenter (ball indenter). It is also
68.7 36.6 52.8 78.6 56.4 39.1 360.0 342.0 1155.0 80.0 76.0 255.0 recommended that the indentation causes no visible mark or deformation on the under surface of the test piece.
68.1 35.5 51.9 78.0 55.4 37.8 350.0 332.0 1125.0

ASMEC Advanced Surface Mechanics GmbH Indentec Hardness Testing Machines Limited Zwick GmbH & Co. KG

Intelligent Testing
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