Annotated Bibliography

Primary

Article

Khan, Karen Savage and Daryl. "After 5 Decades, Ruby Bridges Gets Applause Instead of Death

Threats in School." Youth Today. N.p., 27 Jan. 2016. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

This is an article of Ruby Bridges talking to students at Columbia High School. From this

source, we got several quotes that helped us understand Rubys mindset towards her first day of

school at William Frantz. This is a primary source because there are quotes directly from Ruby

Bridges.

Audio Clip

"Ruby's Shoes." Ruby Bridges.

We used this audio clip of the song Rubys Shoes by Lori McKenna on our After First

Grade page. It helped us understand that Ruby is still appreciated by many people, and she is not

forgotten.

Books

Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. New York: Scholastic, 1999. Print.

This is a detailed book written by Ruby Bridges herself. It not only includes the key

moments of that school year, but it includes the feelings and the details of what it was like to be
threatened and yelled at everyday when she went to school. We used this book for many of our

paragraphs, and it helped us understand in detail what Ruby went through. It is primary because

it was written by Ruby Bridges.

Coles, Robert. The Story of Ruby Bridges.

This is a book written by Ruby Bridges psychiatrist during her first year at William

Frantz. It includes some of the key moments of that school year. We used information from this

book on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped us understand what Ruby truly thought

of the protesters. We also used illustrations from this book on our website because there are not

very many photographs of Ruby Bridges when she was going to William Frantz. It is a primary

source because Robert Coles helped Ruby throughout the school year.

Steinbeck, John. Travels with Charley.

This is a book that has a few pages about Ruby Bridges. The author, John Steinbeck,

went to New Orleans, and saw Ruby Bridges walk into William Frantz, and he was horrified by

what he saw and heard. We used information from this book on our After First Grade page. It

helped us understand just how cruel the protesters were to someone so innocent. It is a primary

source because John Steinbeck wrote about seeing Ruby Bridges walk into William Frantz in

1960.

Newspaper

The New York Times. 18 Nov. 1960.

We used an excerpt from the New York Times on our Struggles page. It includes a quote

from Ruby Bridges fathers boss at a garage, who fired him because he was part of integration.
It helped us understand that Rubys whole family was affected by integration. It is a primary

source because it is a newspaper from 1960.

Pictures

Don't follow the path. Go where there is no path and begin the trail. When you start a new trail

equipped with courage, strength, and conviction, the only thing that can stop you is you!.

We used this quote from Ruby Bridges to show what she has learned from her

experiences. It helped us understand what she is trying to get children to do by speaking to them

at school. It is a primary source because it is a quote.

Mrs. Gabrielle Walks Yolanda into School.

This is a picture of Mrs. Gabrielle walking her daughter, Yolanda, one of the few students

who continued to go to William Frantz, to school. We used this picture on the Throughout the

School Year page. It helped us understand that it was very dangerous to go to William Frantz

without an escort by policemen or marshals. It is primary source because it is a picture from

1960.

Portrait of 6-Year-Old Ruby Bridges.

This is a portrait of Ruby Bridges when she was six years old. We used this picture on the

First Days page to show what Ruby looked like when she was 6 years old. It is a primary source

because it is a picture of Ruby when she was going to William Frantz.

Protesters During Civil Rights Movement.

This is a photograph of women and children protesting integration. We used this picture

in our slideshow on the First Grade page. It helped us understand that people of all ages

protested. This is a primary source because it is a picture from around the time of integration.

Protestors and Women with Black Doll in Coffin.

This is a picture of protesters outside of William Frantz. One woman was holding a black

doll in a coffin. We used this picture in our slideshow on the First Grade page. It helped us

understand how intimidating the protesters outside of William Frantz were. This is primary

source because it is a picture from when Ruby went to William Frantz.

"Robert Coles.

We used this picture on our Support page to show who Robert Coles is. It showed us

what a large impact he had on Ruby and other children.

Ruby at the Blackboard with Mrs. Henry.

This is a photograph of Barbara Henry teaching Ruby. We used this picture in our

Throughout the Year page. It helped us understand Barbara Henrys teaching style with Ruby.

This is a primary source because it is a picture of Ruby Bridges being taught at William Frantz.

Ruby Bridges Walking into William Frantz. 14 Nov. 1960.

We used this picture of Ruby walking into William Frantz in the slideshow on our First

Grade page. It helped us understand how small Ruby was compared to the four U.S. Federal

Marshals. It is a primary source because it is a picture of Ruby at the time.

Ruby Bridges Walking out of School. 14 Nov. 1960.

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges leaving William Frantz. We used this picture on our

First Days page, which shows what Ruby looked like in comparison to the Federal Marshals. It

helped us understand that Ruby never looked back, and never looked at the crowd, she just

walked straight ahead. This is a primary source because it is a picture of of Ruby walking out of

William Frantz in 1960.

Reverend Lloyd Foreman Walking his Daughter, Pam, to School.

This is a picture of Reverend Lloyd Foreman walking his daughter, Pam, to school. We

used this picture on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped us understand how the white

students got to school (were not escorted). It is a primary source because it is a picture of one of

the white children who were still going to William Frantz in 1960.

"Ruby Bridges on the Playground with Other White Students."

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges playing on the monkey bars with white students at

William Frantz. We used this picture on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped us

understand that there were only a few white students still going to school. This is a primary

source because it is a picture from 1960 of Ruby Bridges and other students.

"Ruby Sitting with Other White Children."

 This is a picture of Ruby Bridges sitting with white students at William Frantz. We used

this picture on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped us understand that there were only

a few white students still going to school.

"Ruby Bridges and Obama." 2 July 2011.

We used this photograph on our home page. It helped us understand that Ruby Bridges

was not recognized much for her courage when she was a teenager, but when she was an adult,

she got the recognition she deserved.

"Ruby Bridges in 2010." 21 September 2010.

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges in 2010. We used this picture on our home page, and it

helped us understand what she looks like now. It is a primary source because it is a picture of

Ruby Bridges.

Racism Is a Grown-Up Disease and We Must Stop Using Our Children to Spread It..

We used this quote to show Ruby Bridges beliefs. It helped us understand what Ruby

Bridges message is. It is primary because it is a quote from Ruby Bridges herself.

"Ruby's Bridges Visiting with Children.

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges with students after talking to them. We used this picture

on our After First Grade page. It helped us understand what Ruby Bridges is doing today. It is a

primary source because it is a a picture.

"Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry Reunited."

 This is a photograph of Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry together. We used this

photograph on our Struggles page. It showed us what Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry look like

today. It is primary because its a picture.

"Ruby Bridges Talking to Students at Columbia High School."

We used this picture on our After First Grade page. It helped us understand how Ruby

Bridges is still impacting childrens lives today.

Ruby Bridges Interviewed by Oprah Winfrey."

We used this picture on our After First Grade page. It helped us understand that there are

many people who are moved by Ruby Bridges courage.

"White and Colored Fountain."

This is a picture of a fancy, white water fountain, and an old, colored water fountain right

next to each other. We used this photograph on our slide show on the First Grade page. It helped

us understand that most things were set to a lesser standard for colored people. It is a primary

source because it is a picture from the Civil Rights Movement.

Video

Robert Coles Talking about His Learning and Understanding of Ruby Bridges. N.p., n.d. Web. 5

Feb. 2017.

This is a video of Robert Coles talking about the unique qualities of Ruby Bridges. We

put this video on the Support page. It helped us understand why Robert Coles wanted to help
Ruby. It is primary because it is a video of Robert Coles, who was Rubys psychiatrist during her

first year at William Frantz.

"Ruby Bridges Shares the Key to Overcoming Racism." Video.

We used this video on our Historical Significance page. It helped us understand how

Ruby Bridges felt when she was going to William Frantz.

Secondary

"History - Ruby Bridges: Honorary Deputy." U.S. Marshals Service.

We used information from this website on our Achievements page. It helped us

understand one of Ruby Bridges many achievements.

"New Orleans Mardi Gras 2017." Louisiana Pick Your Passion!, Louisiana Office of Tourism.

We used this website on our First Grade page. It helped us understand what Mardi Gras

is, and the traditions they have in New Orleans, where Ruby was.

Ruby Bridges." The Cardinal, SNO.

We used this website for quotes from Ruby Bridges, which helped us understand what

Ruby felt like when she was walking up the stairs into William Frantz.
Ruby Bridges Goes to School." The African Americans, WNET.

We used this website as a source to find quotes from Ruby Bridges. It helped us

understand how she felt when she was going to William Frantz.

"Ruby Bridges Foundation Logo."

We used this image on the Ruby Bridges Foundation page.

"Remembering Ruby Bridges." Publishing the Long Civil Rights Movement.

We used the information on this website on the Achievements page. It helped us

understand that Ruby Bridges has inspired many people.

"President Clinton Awards the Presidential Citizens Medals." The White House.

We used information from this website on our Achievements page. It helped us

understand that Ruby Bridges was a large part of desegregation.

"The Power of Children." The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis.

We used information from this website on our Achievements page. It helped us

understand that Ruby Bridges is remembered in many different displays.

"'The Problem We All Live With' the Truth about Rockwell's Painting." Soapboxie.

We used information from this website on our Achievements page. It helped us

understand the meaning of Norman Rockwells painting.

"Ruby Bridges Biography." Bio.com. Ed. Biography.com Editors. A&E Networks Television,

n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

We used information from this website in our Thesis Statement. It helped us understand

Ruby Bridges impact on society.

"Ruby Bridges, a Brave Child Who Tried to Help All Children." Welcome To "Voices That Guide

Us" Personal Narratives. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

This website was used to write the paragraph on Rubys teen and adult life. It helped us

understand why Ruby Bridges created the Ruby Bridges Foundation.

"Ruby Bridges." Weebly.

We used this website as a guide for our Thesis. It helped us understand what the Ruby

Bridges Foundation is.

"Ruby Bridges Timeline."softschools.com

We used the information from this website in our Achievements paragraph. It helped us

understand that Ruby Bridges is still making a difference in schools.

"New Orleans, Louisiana." Map.

We used this map to show wear Ruby lived when she was going to William Frantz.

Rockwell, Norman Perceval. The Problem We All Live With.

 This is a famous painting of Ruby Bridges walking into school. It was painted by Norman

Rockwell. We used this painting on our After First Grade Page. It helped us understand that there

were some white people who did want integration. It is secondary because it is a painting of

Ruby, so it is not an actual photograph from the time.