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WCDMA Design Handbook PDF
WCDMA Design Handbook PDF
WCDMA
Design Handbook
Andrew Richardson
Imagicom Ltd
p u b l i s h e d b y t h e p r e s s s y n d i c at e o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y o f c a m b r i d g e
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
http://www.cambridge.org
C Andrew Richardson 2005
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 WCDMA in a nutshell 24
3.1 Introduction 64
3.2 Introducing WCDMA spreading functions 66
vii
viii Contents
5 RF aspects 137
ix Contents
x Contents
12 Measurements 395
13 NAS 437
xi Contents
Appendix 542
References 551
Index 553
Preface
The WCDMA Design Handbook addresses the subject of wideband code division
multiple access (WCDMA) as dened by the Third Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) and provides a detailed review of the architecture and the operation of the
system. In particular, the focus of the book is the radio interface, from the physical
layer through to the upper layers of the non-access stratum. This text either offers a
complete end-to-end explanation of the system operation, or alternatively allows the
reader to focus on any aspects of the system which are of specic interest and relevance.
For this reason, the material is presented in a modular fashion, with the overlap and
interlinking of the chapters kept to a minimum to allow the chapters to be as self-
standing as possible in order to facilitate a pick and mix approach to the book where
required.
The structure of the book is intended to provide a solid introduction to the basic
principles for the operation of the complete system and then to focus on the specic
details in each of the relevant chapters. The major principles for the operation of the
WCDMA system are considered throughout the different chapters, including the use
of codes and multiplexing in the physical layer, the procedures for transport format
combination control in layer 2 and the radio interface control procedures either within
the radio resource control (RRC) protocol in the access stratum, or within the mobility
management and service management protocols in the non-access stratum. One of
the key methods of examining the system is the use of examples to demonstrate the
operation of specic procedures or processes.
At the lower layers, the book focuses on the FDD mode of the WCDMA system. The
use of the TDD mode is considered to a greater degree as the higher layer protocols
are considered. The emphasis is on the rst release of the WCDMA specications
(Release 99).
Written for a professional audience, the book is relevant to practising engineers and
managers, and graduate and undergraduate students. Like most texts at this level, it is
benecial for the reader to have had some previous exposure to cellular radio systems
such as GSM. It is assumed that the reader is comfortable with the technical nature of
the information in this technical book.
xiii
xiv Preface
The book can be considered as being in four parts. Part 1 comprises Chapters 13
and is a general introduction; Part 2, Chapters 47, covers mainly the physical layer;
Part 3, Chapters 812, covers layers 2 and 3 in the access stratum; and Part 4, Chapters
13 and 14, covers the non-access stratum protocols. The reading of these four parts will
depend upon the specic interests of the reader. For RF, DSP, ASIC and hardware
engineers Parts 1 and 2 are recommended. For protocol designers/software designers
and protocol test engineers who are focussing on the operation of the access stratum of
the WCDMA system, Parts 1 and 3 are the most appropriate. Both protocol designers/
software designers and protocol test engineers concentrating on the operation of the
non-access stratum of the WCDMA system should read Parts 1 and 4. Finally, for an
interested reader, or for a graduate or undergraduate course, the chapters can be taken in
order. The book closely follows the 3GPP specications; for completeness the relevant
specications are outlined in the Appendix.
The WCDMA Design Handbook is based on the experience and knowledge gained
over a 20-year period by the author. The detail has been honed during the process of
presenting the material in the form of a number of training courses on WCDMA, from
layer 1 through to the non-access stratum. It is the rst in what is planned to be a
series of books by the author following the development of the UMTS and wireless
cellular market place, with an emphasis on a detailed understanding of the design and
operation of the technology. Dr Richardson is a director of the established training
and consultancy company Imagicom Ltd (www.imagicom.co.uk), which specialises in
delivering regular advanced level technical training courses, the material for which is
constantly updated and presented both via a range of scheduled public courses usually
held in Cambridge UK and to major players in the telecommunications industry on an
in-house basis.
Acknowledgements
I would like to give special thanks to my wife Alex for her enduring support over
the many hours that it has taken to bring this volume from conception into existence;
without her this book could not exist. I love her deeply.
xv
Abbreviations
2G second generation
3G third generation
3G-MSC/VLR third generation mobile switching centre/visitor location register
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3G-SGSN third generation serving GPRS support node
AC access class
ACK acknowledgement
ACLR adjacent channel leakage ratio
ACS adjacent channel selectivity
ADC analogue to digital converter
ADF application dedicated les
AGC automatic gain control
AI acquisition indicator
AICH acquisition indication channel
AID application identier
AK anonymity key
AM acknowledged mode
AMD acknowledged mode data
AMF authentication and key management eld
AMR adaptive multirate
AP access preamble
APN access point name
ARQ automatic repeat request
AS access stratum
ASC access service class
ASIC application specic integrated circuit
ATM asynchronous transfer mode
ATT AICH transmission timing
ATT attach ag
AUTN authentication token
AV authentication vector
xvi
xvii Abbreviations
xviii Abbreviations
CP control protocol
CPBCCH compact packet BCCH
CPCH common packet channel
CPICH common pilot channel
CRC cyclic redundancy check
CRNC controlling radio network controller
c-RNTI cell radio network temporary identier
CS circuit switched
CSCF call session control function
CSICH CPCH status indication channel
CTCH common trafc channel
CTFC calculated transport format combination
CTS cordless telephony system
CW continuous wave
D/C data/control
DAC digital to analogue converter
DC dedicated control
DCCH dedicated control channel
DCF digital channel lter
DCFE dedicated control functional entity
DCH dedicated transport channel
DCS1800 digital cellular network at 1800MHz
DC-SAP dedicated control SAP
DECT digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
DF dedicated les
DPCCH dedicated physical control channel
DPCH dedicated physical channel
DPDCH dedicated physical data channel
DRAC dynamic resource allocation control
DRNC drift radio network controller
DRNS drift radio network subsystem
DRX discontinuous reception
DSCH downlink shared transport channel
DSP digital signal processor
DTCH dedicated trafc channel
DTX discontinuous transmission
EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
EF elementary le
EGC efcient Golay correlator
EIR equipment identity register
e-MLPP enhanced multilevel precedence and preemption
xix Abbreviations
xx Abbreviations
xxi Abbreviations
xxii Abbreviations
xxiii Abbreviations
xxiv Abbreviations
xxv Abbreviations