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Chemical Components of Centella Asiatica and Their Bioactivities
Chemical Components of Centella Asiatica and Their Bioactivities
R A
oscler osis f ungicidal a ntibacterial antio xidan t mos t im po r tan t co m pon ent o f C asi atica r egarded
and anticancer purposes C asia tica has also as a ma rke r co nstit uent in ter ms o f qualit y cont r ol
been repo r ted to be usefu l in t he t reat ment of in T he t rite rpenes ob tained f r om C asi atica are
flam m atio ns dia rrhea asth ma t ubercu losis and main ly pent acyclic t riterpenic acids and t heir
va riou s ski n lesio ns a nd ailments like lepr osy lu res pective glycosides belonging t o ur sa ne o r
pus psoriasis and keloid In addition nume ro us oleananet y pe including asiatic acid asiaticoside
cli nical rep o rts verify t he ulcerprev en tive and an ti madecassic acid madecassoside brahm oside brahmic
acid brahminoside thankuniside i sot ha nkuniside A d vanced st udies indicated t hat asiaticoside in
centellos ide madasiatic acid cen tic acid cenellic duce d type I collag en sy nt hesis via the activation of
acid bet ulinic acid indocentic acid etc Ear lie r t he T GF r ecept or I kinaseindep enden t Smad
w ork on th is plan t has led to t he isolation of man y pat h w ay wh ich f org ed a b asi s f or m olecu la r
t riterpenoid constit uen ts and Bri nkha us et a l has unders tandin g of Centel las bioactivit y on w ound
separ ated a n e w ursane triterp enoid f r om C such as s ti m ulat o ryn er vi ne t onic rejuvenant sed
asi ati ca and ex hibited it s dosedependen t g r o w th ative t ranquilize r esp ecially me mo r y im pr ove
inhibito r y activit y ag ainst lar vae of Spilarctia men t and i ntellig ence pr o m oting pr oper ty So me of
o bliqu e L ater on M a t suda et a l isolat ed a t hese bioactivities hav e been dem onstr ated expe ri
ne w oleanene t riterpe ne cent ellasapo genol A men tally Scien tific findin gs ex hibited t hat t he
and its olig o glycoside f r om C asia tica cultivated i n aqueo us ex t ract of C asi ati ca has cognitive enhan
Viet nam Con tinuou sly i n t h eir co m parative st ud y cing ef fect and an an tioxidan t mechanism is
o n t he g enet ype cultiva ted in S ri Lanka ho w ever inv olved A dditionally C as ia tica leaf
t hey obt ained t w o ne w ur sanet ype t riterpe neolig o ex t ract w as no t o nly s ho w ed t o im pro ve spa tial
glycosides cen tellasaponins B a nd C a nd a n lear ning per fo r mance and enhance m em or y reten
oleananet ype trite rp ene olig o glycoside cent ellasa tion i n ne onatal r at s duri ng g r o w t h spur t period
ponin D K ur oda et a l also sepe rated ne w t rit but also f ou nd efficien t in e nhancing hippocam pal
asi ati ca has been subjected t o and jus tified b y bo th o f C as iatica w a ter e xt ract and asiaticoside on
exp erimental and clinical evaluations acetic acid induced gas tric ulce rs in rats by signifi
W ound healing is a com plex p hy siolo gical can tly attenuating t he m yeloper o xidase activity
pr oces s t hat r equires a se ries of st eps of w hich pr o m otin g epith elial cell pr olifer ation and angio
gr anu lation colla gen mat ur ation and scar fo r ma genesi s and upr eg ulatin g expression o f basic fi
tio n ar e som e o f t he many phases E xt r acts of br ob las t g r o w th fact or in t he ulcer ti ssues there
C asia ti ca ha ve been sho wn to produce differ en t f or e st r engt hening t he m ucosal defensive fact ors
actions on t he va riou s phases of w ound r epair Cen tell a ex tr act w as also repo r ted t o s ho w an ti
Scien tific s t udies pr oved t ha t t riterpenes ulcer o genic activity a gai nst va riou s physical a nd
f ro m C as ia tica s tim ulated ex t racellu lar mat rix ac ch emical facto rs such as et h an ol aspirin cold
cum ulation i n r at ex perimental w ounds as fur t he r res t raint st ress and py loric ligatio n induce d gast ric
evidenced in v it ro by g eneexpr essio n alterna tio n i n ulcers i n rat s In addition Gu o et a l sho w ed
a h uman der mal fibr ob las t As iatic acid w as t he t hat C asi atica w ater ex tr act and asiaticoside have
crude ex t ract of C asi ati ca as w ell as it s pa rtially tion M atsuda et a l isolate d a flav o nol pet ule
purified fr action s e x hibited selective cy to to xicity in tin and kaem p fer ol ODglucur onide f r om t he
vit ro and a n tit um our pr o per ties in v i vo Syne rgis aerial par ts o f C asi ati ca c ultivat ed in Vietnam
tic inhibito r y effect of asia ticoside co m bined w ith bo t h of wh ich e xhibited po ten t i nhibito r y activit y
vinc ristin e on pr olife ration o f several cancer cell on aldose reductase in rats A nd bio flav onoids of
lines w as al so repo r ted sho w ing asiaticoside as a C asi ati ca ha ve ever been e xhibited t o be effica
biochemical m odulato r can induce ap op t osis cious in ve nou s in sufficiency pr o bab ly due to t heir
Besides t he w at er e xt ract of C asi atica w as dis actions on m ucopolysaccharide metabolism
played t o e xer t a chem opreve ntive effect on colo n 2 4 Other components C ohe ren t resear ches on
t um orig enesis Fur t her m o re asiatic acid w as C asi ati ca also revealed the presence of polysac
sug gested t o be a g oo d candida te fo r t he t her apeu ch arides poly ynealkene a min o acid s fatt y
tic int er ven tion of human skin ca nce r acids sesquiterpenes al kaloid s st er ols car ote
2 1 6 Other ef fects In addition to a bove noids tanni n chlo r ophyl pectin i no r ga nic salt s
men tioned activities t riterpe noids i n C asi ati ca etc
w er e also claimed t o be effectively applied f or an ti
3 SUMMARY
bilharzial an tifer tility a ntiherpes sim plex virus
radio pro tection cosm etics im m uno modulato r y In vie w of it s versatile medicinal prope rties
and antag onizing liver fibr osi s t he requir eme nt of C asia tica in p har m aceu tical in
A dmitting of no e xception C as iatica dustries has bee n sharply inc reasin g th us leading
despite of it s m ultifarious fav or able uses has bee n t o t h e o ver e x ploitation of t his herb It has already
inevitable t o s ho w several adver se effects incl u been lis ted as t hr eat ene d species by t he In terna
di ng m utag enicit y aller gic con tact der ma titis and tional U nion fo r Co nser vation o f Nat ure a nd
hep ato to xicit y perhaps m ainly evoked by its t rit Na tional Resour ces I U CN and an enda nger ed
erpenoid s co mponents species T he refo re a pplicatio n of tiss ue cult ure
2 2 Essential oil Closely related to t he species appr oaches fo r r apid m ultiplication of elite clones
H ydr ocoty le lik e m ost m em be rs o f t h e fa mily and ger mp lasm con ser vatio n is of vital im p o rt ance
A piaceae C asi atica w as char acterized by t he In recent year s C asia tica re generation has been
pr esence of essential oil Qin et al identified achiev ed by u sing leaf derived callu s ste m seg
v ola tile co m p onent s by GCM S f r om C as iatica men t s and nodal seg ment s as e xp lant s s h oot tip
o f w hich t he main constituen ts w er e cary o and su spen sion cult ures pr oviding a pr erequisite
phyllene fa rnesol and elemene Subsequently f or t he gener ation of bioactive secondar y pr oduct s
t hey f ound t he volatile oil ex tr act displayed an tide f ro m t his species H o w e ver f urt her st udies are
pressan t effect in m ouse Recen t a nalyses of t he still needed t o be done for t he eval uatio n of t he ge
v ola tile fr action of t his medicinal plan t g r o w in g i n netic r eso urces of t he p lant fo r variation in m o r
Sou t h Af rica r evealed monote rpenoid h ydr o phological g ro w t h and he rb a nd yiel d relat ed
ca rb ons o xy genated m o noterpenoids ses ch aracters t o identify high herb and m adecassol
quiterpenoid hy dr oca rb on s o xy genated sesquit yielding populations suita ble fo r u se in ag r ono mical
erpenoid s a nd su lfide sesquiterpe noid and plant breeding pr og ra ms
hum ulene cary ophyllene and bicyclog er ma A great pro gress has been m ade ove r t he past
crene w er e the predo minan t constit utes T he v ola decades in st ud y of biologically active co m ponent s
tile e x tr act ex hi bite d a bro ad spect rum of an ti bac and bioactivities o f C asia tica bu t t he r esu lts are
terial activities against bot h Gra mpositive and still unsatisfact or y E ven t hough t his highly pre
G ramnegative or gani sms cious herb is surr ounded w it h m ultifa rious claims
2 3 Flavonoids Besides t riterpenoids a nd es sen t he unde rlying m ec hanisms inv olved in its physio
tial oil C as iatica has also been repo r ted t o con lo gical effect s a re lacki ng M or e scien tific data are
tain numer ous fla vo noids including quercetin and required befo re r eco m mendation fo r increase in it s
kaem p fer ol catechin rutin and na rin gin as a utilization can be given w it h confidence
major pa rt of the to tal phenolic con ten t s so me of
w hich a re majo r co n t ribut o rs i n pa rticu lar to t he REFERENCES
an tioxidative activity o f C asia tica Base d o n
Su guna L S iva ku ma r P Ch andrakasan G Effects o f
t he hyp ot hesis of fr ee radical mediated t oxicity i n Cen tel la asi atica ext ract o n der mal w ound healing in
Jo urn al o f C hi nese In t eg r a tiv e M edicin e M ay V o l N o