Elma EmaZys Z100 Manual ENG

User
Manual

MECHANICAL
Enclosure
Dimensions, cm

Peli 1400
33.9 x 29.5 x 15.2 cm
User Manual
PV Analyzer Z100 PV Analyzer Z100
Connectors for DUT interface 3 x case-side mounted shrouded 4mm banana
sockets. Rated: 1kV CAT III - 24A
ENVIRONMENTAL
Storage Temperature -10C to 60C (limited by battery)
Operating Temperature 0C to 35C (limited by battery)
Operating Altitude up to 3000 meters
BATTERY
Technology DC 5V, 10Ah Li-Polymer
Operating time At least 3 hours
Standby/Sleep time >48 hrs in sleep mode
Recharge time Typ. 6-7 hrs @ 2A charge current

EmaZys Technologies ApS

Green Tech Center
Lysholt All 6
DK-7100 V ejle

010102_EN
+45 2016 4736

info@emazys.com www.emazys.com

www.emazys.com www.emazys.com
MECHANICAL
Enclosure

Peli 1400
Content Dimensions, cm
Connectors for DUT interface
33.9 x 29.5 x 15.2 cm
3 x case-side mounted shrouded 4mm banana
ENVIRONMENTAL
sockets. Rated: 1kV CAT III - 24A

1. EC Declaration of Conformity .................................................................................................................... 3 Storage Temperature -10C to 60C (limited by battery)
2. Warnings and tips ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Operating Temperature 0C to 35C (limited by battery)
3. Limited warranty and limitation of warranty ............................................................................................. 5 Operating Altitude up to 3000 meters
BATTERY
3.1 Warranty disclaimer .......................................................................................................................... 6
Technology DC 5V, 10Ah Li-Polymer
4. Unpacking and commisioning .................................................................................................................... 7
Operating time At least 3 hours
4.1 Scope of delivery ............................................................................................................................... 7 Standby/Sleep time >48 hrs in sleep mode
4.2 Commisioning ................................................................................................................................... 8 Recharge time Typ. 6-7 hrs @ 2A charge current
5. Safety ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
6. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 11
7. Operation ................................................................................................................................................. 13
7.1 Startup ............................................................................................................................................ 13
7.2 Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 16
8. Maintenance and service ......................................................................................................................... 26
9.1 Calibration ....................................................................................................................................... 26
9. Labelling on instrument ........................................................................................................................... 27
10. Storage and disposal ................................................................................................................................ 28
10.1 Storage ............................................................................................................................................ 28
10.2 Disposal ........................................................................................................................................... 28
11. Technical data .......................................................................................................................................... 29
13.1 Z100 ................................................................................................................................................. 29
13.2 Instrument characteristic ................................................................................................................ 30

Green Tech Center
Lysholt All 6
DK-7100 V ejle

+45 2016 4736
info@emazys.com

2 I M
User PVanual
Analyzer Z100 PV Analyzer Z100 2 User Manual PV Analyzer Z100 User Manual I 31
31

Conditions Irr > 100 W/m2

String O.C. voltage > 100V
1. EC Declaration of Conformity
Analysis Above 40M, Riso is returned as
'Riso > 40M
Detection and localization of series resistance fault (Rs) EC Declaration of Conformity
Localization of singular series fault >10k e.g. disconnect Yes - if external to module
Localization precision +/- 1 PV module EmaZys Technologies declares under our sole responsibility that our product PV Analyzer Z100 is in
Localization resolution 0.1 PV modules compliance with the following European directives:
Conditions Irr > 100 W/m2. Good estimates Directive 2006/95/EC, Low Voltage Directive (LVD)
of cable capacitances required. Directive 2004/108/EC, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Detection and localization of ground isolation fault (Riso)
Crossing of threshold Yes by conforming to the following standards:
Threshold 1 M EN 61010-1:2010
Localization of singular GND fault > threshold value Yes EN 61010-031:2002
Localization precision +/- 0.1 PV module EN 61326-1:2013
Localization resolution 0.1 PV modules EN 61326-2-2:2013
Conditions Irr>100 W/m2,
String O.C. voltage > 100V and furthermore, to be in compliance with the following European directives:
Detection and localization of short-circuited bypass diode or series Directive 2011/65/EU, Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS)
internal fault Directive 2012/19/EU, Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
Testing each module in the string one-by-one with shade Yes Directive 2006/66/EC, batteries and accumulators (Battery)
Conditions Irr > 100 W/m2
Detection and loaclization of open-circuited bypass diode
Testing each module in the string one-by-one with shade Yes Date: ____________
Conditions Irr > 100W/m2

Name and position: ____________________________________________________________

Signature: _____________________________________________

13.2 Instrument characteristic

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2. Warnings and tips 11. Technical data

2.1 Warnings signs 13.1 Z100
Please note that the manual uses the following safety instructions. The safety instructions should be
followed carefully. Failure to do so may cause personal injury or irreparable damage to the equipment. Feature Z100 Production unit

Input channels PV-POS, PV-NEG, PV-GND
WARNING
Input range and configuration Shrouded banana, <1000V between terminals
Personal injury / death. MMI Via BeagleBone WiFi-hotspot
A situation of use of a technical nature or the like which may cause injury or death.
DETECTION OF FAULTS
Indst lyn
Detection of series resistance fault (Rs) Yes

Detection of ground isolation fault (Riso) Yes
CAUTION
Detection of short-circuited bypass diode Yes
Damage to the machine or accessory. Detection of open-circuited bypass diode Yes
A situation of use of a technical nature or the like, which can cause damage to the machine or
Detection of PV power production fault Yes
accessories.
LOCALIZATION OF FAULTS

Localization of series discontinuity e.g. disconnect

EXTERNAL to the PV modules Yes
NOTICE
Localization of series faults e.g. disconnects/corrosion
Important information. INTERNAL to PV modules Yes
A situation of use of a technical nature or the like, which is very important.
Localization of singular ground isolation fault Yes

Localization of short-circuited bypass diode Yes
Localization of open-circuited bypass diode Yes
2.2 Tips and recommendations MISC. FEATURES
Timer function Yes
INFORMATION Sleep mode Yes
Provides useful tips and recommendations and provides information on how to use the product Log of measurements to memory Yes
efficiently and without interruptions. Math (averaging, statistics) Yes

Merasurement feature Z100

Impedance analysis
Frequency coverage 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Frequency accuracy +/- 2%
Frequency drift with temperature (0C to 35C) < 0.1%
Msr of open-circuit voltage (Voc)
Range 0V to 1000V
Analysis Checks for correct polarity and
voltage in-range.
Msr of isolation towards ground (Riso)
Range 0k - 40M
Msr time 60-120 sec

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10. Storage and disposal 3. Limited warranty and limitation of warranty

Each EmaZys product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use
10.1 Storage and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs,
If the PV Analyzer Z100 is taken out of service for a long time, charge and remove the battery. and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user
customer of a EmaZys authorized reseller, and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries, or to any
product which, in EmaZys's opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by
accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling. EmaZys warrants that software will operate
10.2 Disposal
substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly
PV Analyzer Z100 must be returned to EmaZys Technologies for correct disposal. Dismount the battery recorded on non-defective
before shipping. EmaZys does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without interruption.

EmaZys authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers
NOTICE only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of EmaZys. Warranty support
Important information. is available only if product is purchased through a EmaZys authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the
DO NOT try to disassemble the instrument.
applicable international price.
It must be disposed correctly according to EU regulations.
EmaZys reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when product
purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.

EmaZys's warranty obligation is limited, at EmaZys's option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge
repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a EmaZys authorized service center
within the warranty period.

To obtain warranty service, contact EmaZys service center on E-mail support@emazys.com to obtain return
authorization information, then send the product to the service center, with a description of the difficulty,
postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). EmaZys assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following
warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If EmaZys
determines that failure was caused by neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident, or abnormal
condition of operation or handling, including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the products
specified rating, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components, EmaZys will provide an estimate of
repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be
returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return
transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).

THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EMAZYS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM
ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.

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Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not
9. Labelling on instrument
apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other
In the lid of the instrument is placed a Quick guide sticker that shows how to get started as well as how to
decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any
read the LED signals from the instrument. You also find a number symbols for safety etc. Please read and
other provision.
understand these symbols before you start working with the instrument.

Lysholt all 6 DK- 7100 Vejle
E-mail support@emazys.com

3.1 Warranty disclaimer

PV Analyzer Z100 is warranted for 12 months from the reception. The warranty does not cover the battery.
There is no warranty on the device, if you use other cables than the supplied.

The warranty will be invalid if the product is damaged due to any of the following:
Neglect to follow the User Manual
Use of the product for purposes for which it was not intended
Natural wear
Incorrect fitting
Mechanical or technical alterations
Use of unauthorised spare parts

Caution risk of electrical shock

Risk of personal injury / death

Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Directive
Conformit Europene

Double insulated

RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances

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8. Maintenance and service 4. Unpacking and commisioning

Maintenance routine Each measurement Once a year 4.1 Scope of delivery
Make sure that the instrument is dry. X
The PV Analyzer Z100 is delivered in a cardboard box.
Make sure that the instrument is clean. X
Check that cables and connection INFORMATION
X
sockets are not damaged. Do not use knives or sharp objects when unpacking.
Calibration of the PV Analyzer. X (see "9.1 Calibration")
After unpacking, make sure that you have received all parts as shown in the figure below. If you have not
received all parts, please contact EmaZys Technologies.
9.1 Calibration
It is recommended that PV Analyzer Z100 is calibrated once a year. The instrument must be sent to your 1) Z100 basic instrument equipped with
local service partner or the manufacturer for calibration. battery
2) CAT B15Q Android smartphone
1) Remove the battery before shipping the instrument
recommended by EmaZys Technologies
2) The instrument must be securely packed in a suitable cardboard box 3) PV plus, PV minus - MC4 / shrouded
3) Shipping back and forth is exclusively at the user's responsibility. banana adaptor cables
4) PV plus, PV minus, PV ground - Crocodile
clamp / shrouded banana cables
5) Battery spare part

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In Step 2, we can test each individual module in the string by

placing the appropriate shade and running the measurement.
It is possible to recalibrate during the string analysis, if the
4.1.1 Registration
irradiation has fluctuated dramatically during the test.
Once you have receive your product and checked that all parts are present, you must register the product
with EmaZys Technologies. You can register your product by filling in the included registration form and
return it to the manufacturer or by filling out a registration form on EmaZys website.
4.2 Commisioning
4.2.1 Battery
Prior to start-up please check that the battery is fully charged. The battery can be charged with a 230V
charger or via a computer USB port. You can order a 230V charger at EmaZys Technologies.
See battery specifications in sections "Technical data".
4.2.2 Control interface

In order for the instrument to be operated by one person, the control interface is separate from the main
instrument and thus can be brought along whilst the operator e.g. walks from module to module blocking
the sun-light from reaching the modules one in a turn. After finalizing the measurements in step 2 the instrument
provides a list showing all measurements in the string, and

modules with faulty BPD can easily be identified.
The control interface can be any smart device with WiFi transceiver using Android 4.0 or later as operating Make sure to generate the PDF file that will be used for
system. An optional CAT smart phone is provided by EmaZys Technologies chosen for its robust documentation later.
construction and intended use in outdoor environments.

All measurement functionality by Z100 is thus accessed and controlled via the smart device connected to
the WiFi hotspot set up by Z100.

Before the control interface can be used for reading data, the app Z100Wifi must be downloaded from
Google Play or from the EmaZys website.
Main menu of the Z100Wifi App

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An optional CAT smart phone is provided by

EmaZys Technologies chosen for its robust
construction and intended use in outdoor
Bypass Diode test environments.
The photo shows the smartphone with the control
Functionality:
app opened. See the following pages for further
This test is used to check the functionality of the Bypass Diodes (BPD) in the junction box of the PV module. If a information about the app and the individual
defect BPD is found the instrument will attempt to position the fault. Typical faults seen are due to lightning functions.
which in some cases can lead to either a short circuited or a disconnected BPD .

The number of PV modules should be selected using the + and -
keys.
Connect the instrument to the PV sting and conduct a calibration
measuring as Step 1 with no shade placed on any module in the
string. This will give the Open Circuit Voltage ( Voc) and impedance
baseline used as reference in the measurements of Step 2.

4.2.3 Cables

Connect the supplied cables to the instrument. The red wire is connected to the Red (+) connection socket,
the black wire is connected to the Black (-) connection socket and the yellow/green wire is connected to
GND.

CAUTION
Damage to the machine or accessory.
It is not recommended to use cables other than the supplied.

If other types of cables are used, the cable must comply with category 3, 1000V, otherwise there
is a risk of injury. The instrument's warranty is no longer valid.

CAUTION
It has been seen in experiments that the impedance from even adjacent shaded PV cells can vary
an order of magnitude. In order to reduce the risk of erroneous measurements it is therefore
recommended to use as big a shade as possible preferably shading the entire module.

CAUTION
Here it is important NOT to use the STC value typically written on the back of the module, but
instead use the measured value at the ambient conditions in terms of irradiation and temperature.

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5. Safety
Before carrying out measurements with PV Analyzer Z100, you must ensure that: Timer
there is sufficient space to operate the instrument Functionality:
the necessary tools are present on the site This function is basically a ground fault test . You can set a timer to perform the ground fault test and
the operators has a general knowledge of PV modules (photovoltaic modules) thus leave the instrument during testing. This can be an advantage if the ground fault is periodic e.g.
the instrument is correctly connected shows up during moist in the morning, but disappears after a few hours of sun light.
A. The number of PV modules N should be selected
the instrument and the measurement cables are in good condition. Check that the cable is not cracked
using the + and - keys.
or damaged in other ways.
B. Next the Start and Stop time is chosen by pressing
the small clock symbol.
C. Then the test frequency is chosen. Use a test
NOTICE frequency that will most likely catch the fault i.e.
Important information. based on what you know about the string from the
The PV Analyzer Z100 and the User Manual are intended for use by adequately trained costumer or logs.
personnel. D. Schedule Timer will start the measurement. The WiFi
Before use, the operator must have read the user manual. antenna will close down during test, and only by
User manual must be kept near the instrument. pressing the yellow button on the front panel can
wake up the WiFi signal from the Z100
Caution: Remember to select the Z100 hotspot
WARNING before commencing in the Z100 app.
Personal injury / death
PV module measurements are performed in high voltage areas. Always use approved safety
equipment designed for high voltage installations.

If subjected to an electrical shock, you MUST seek medical advice, even if you feel well.
Potentially harmful effects may occur several hours after exposure!

CAUTION
Damage to the machine or accessory.
Exercise caution in use.
The PV Analyzer Z100 should be used wherever possible in a dry environment.
The instrument's lid should always be closed during long-term measurements. Make sure to
mark up the measuring site.

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Disconnect 6. Introduction
Functionality:
This test is used to measure whether there is a disconnect of the PV string. If disconnect is found, the The PV Analyzer Z100 is a portable and battery powered instrument used to detect and localize faults in
instrument will attempt to position the fault. Typical faults seen are due to broken cables or corrosion in strings of series connected photovoltaic modules. Specifically, the instrument has the following features
connectors due to water intrusion, saline- or ammonia atmosphere (replace faulty connector) and applications:

1) Ground faults testing i.e. RISO, location of singular ground faults, programmable timer for ground
A. The number of PV modules N should be selected
using the + and - keys. fault testing
B. Then the cable length to both the positive and the 2) Photovoltaic module string impedance curve, for system health assessment
negative pole - measured in meters - has to be 3) Open circuit voltage measurement
entered. 4) Series disconnects in photovoltaic module string e.g. in cables, connectors or bus-bars,
C. C. Finally the capacitance of the cables has to be 5) Broken bypass diodes i.e. short-circuited bypass diodes and open-circuited bypass diodes
estimated if its dry weather then the cable 6) Data can be saved and stored directly as PDF files for reporting and documentation
capacitance typically will be around 30 pF/m. In the

case that humidity in the ground is high, the cable
capacitance typically rises to around 90 pF/m. The instrument is connected to the string terminals e.g. at the string inverter or combiner box and also to
the ground reference for the PV installation.
Please note that cable capacitance per meter cables roughly
equals 1/10 the capacitance of a single PV module and Make sure to
therefore the estimates of cabling lengths does not have to be connect the
extremely accurate. I.e. a faulty estimate of say 10 meters inputs
would probably only change the position by less then one PV correctly on
modules. the Z100.

D. After hitting the measure buttons (first Pos, then
Neg), the instrument will perform a disconnect
measurement and return the measured position of
the disconnect.
E. The instrument will assume there is a singular point-
like disconnect and will estimate its position with Once connected and activated, it will perform impedance spectroscopy between any two of the three
reference to the positive terminal of the PV string. connected terminals as well as measure the terminal voltages and currents flowing under various DC loads
"Position" will indicate the number of modules induced by the instrument. By combining the results from these various measurements using the on-board
counting from the positive string terminal towards the
computer, critical faults in the system can be localized.
fault. The accuracy of the measured position is
typically +/- 1 module. A disconnect position in the All measurement functionality by Z100 is accessed and controlled via the smart device connected to the
range 0-1 or number of modules: The fault is likely in WiFi hotspot set up by Z100.
the cable segment going to the positive string terminal On the Z100 itself, the only controls are an ON/OFF button (on the externally mounted battery) as well as
or to the negative string terminal, respectively. button used to wake the Z100 up when asleep.

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Open Circuit Voltage measurement

Functionality:
This function simply measures the open Circuit Voltage of the string of photovoltaic modules.
A. Simply press measure to immediately test the
string. Press main to go back to Main screen.

Once the Z100 is correctly connected to the string of photovoltaic modules, it will perform full string
analysis controlled from the Android device.

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RS, since the photo diode is fully turned ON by the PV current and thus effectively shorting Cd and RP. RS 7. Operation
should be estimated in the frequency range f = 100 Hz to f = 10 kHz where the simple model is most
accurate (at higher frequencies e.g. effects of cable inductance becomes a factor and causes the
impedance to increase). If higher than 30 Ohm, this is an indication of a problem e.g. with shading or bad 7.1 Startup
cabling/connectors. If the impedance exceeds 10 kOhm at f =100 Hz, there may be a disconnect in the Turn on the instrument by pressing the ON/OFF button on the battery to the right.
string e.g in the form of a bad internal junction. Use appropriate measurement page to localize this
disconnect. RP is the string parallel (shunting) resistance that will be very high in when the string is Remember to shut down after use e.g. disconnect battery or turn off battery. The LEDs on the front panel
healthy (e.g. several kOhms per PV module). The effects of RP are only seen in strings that are partially or
of the Z100 will light up. Green LED signals that power is on. The yellow LED signals that WiFi antenna is
fully shaded. RP is estimated at low frequencies where the effects of Cd the diffusion capacitance are
minimal. active.

8.2 Wifi setup and Z100Wifi app basics
The connection device for operating the Z100 must be an Android device with software version 4.0 or later.
Also you must download the Z100Wifi controller app from e.g. Google Play. When the Z100Wifi app is
downloaded and fully installed, you can connect to the instrument.
1) Once turned on, a computer inside the Z100 box will set up a WiFi (local wireless
network) that can connect to another WiFi device

Solar module string - equivalent circuit.
2) After powering up the Z100, wait for the green and yellow LEDs to indicate that Z100
This model is roughly equivalent to the solar module string, and a basis for understanding the
WiFi is active
impedance measurement.

1) ILIGHT is the current generated by light on the modules
3) Then go to settings in your Android device and look for the Z100 hotspot. The name of
2) ID is the diode current
the hotspot access point will be in the form: bb-xxxx-xxxx
3) Cd is the diffusion capacitance

4) RP is the parallel (shunting) resistance
4) Once you found the Z100 hot spot simply connect using the common password for all
5) RS is the series resistance
units : Xoplag10

Please contact EmaZys Technologies if there is a problem connecting to the Z100.

Android tips and Z100Wifi app information

A) In Android devices, make sure that the Z100Wifi app is not only downloaded but also installed.
B) In Android devices, you can close down an app if you go to Settings, then Apps. This can
sometimes be handy, if you wish to interrupt a measurement without turning off the Z100
instrument.
C) Use the CAT B15Q as controller device. The Z100Wifi app was designed for this rugged and
waterproof smartphone. Also EmaZys technologies will be able to provide better support.
D) Please note: If the Z100 has been disconnected or turned off, you need to reconnect to the Z100
hotspot.

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Impedance measurement
A. Main Graphical User Interface. This screen will appear
Functionality:
when the Z100Wifi app is launched.
Measuring the impedance spectrum of the PV string is a good diagnostic tool to check overall health of
the string. The spectrum is recorded by the instrument by measuring the associated current running in
the string when subjected to an alternating voltage stimulus spanning a frequency range of [10 Hz to 100
kHz]. The impedance generally a complex number - at these various frequencies is the result of the
voltage stimulus across the PV string divided by the measured current.

A. Connect the instrument to the PV string and
press the Measure button to collect a
spectrum. The measurement will take up to a
minute to complete.
B. The phase angle of the impedance may be
displayed using the toggle switch.

B. Return to the Main menu from e.g. VOC measurement.
The main icon will take you back to Main from
B anywhere in the app.
C. You can also use the back button on the phone to go
back one level.

D. Help button (?). Use this anywhere in the app to obtain
C information about the function you have chosen.
A

The in-depth interpretation of impedance spectra requires some knowledge about the physics of a PV
string. Below is a diagram of a simple so-called three parameter PV string model. It contains the three
component parameters RP the shunt resistance, RS the series resistance and Cd the diffusion
capacitance. The remaining components in the model are the light current generator ILIGHT and shunt
diode with current ID. The current source models the current delivered by the PV string when short-
circuited and the diode characteristics determine the open circuit voltage of the string.

RS is the string series resistance that should ideally be close to zero in order to minimize power loss. It is
the sum of junction diffusion loss in the PV cells and of all series losses in cables, connectors and bus-bars
in the PV modules. An illuminated healthy PV string (with irradiation > 100 W/m2) will only have an
impedance of

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CAUTION
Due to the inherent uncertainty of the fault localization method and due to the possibility of
multiple or distributed faults, it is highly recommended to verify a fault position by bypassing a
given faulty module or cable segment with a known good cable and redo the measurement to
ensure good isolation BEFORE repairing the string e.g. replacing a cable segment or PV module.

CAUTION
It is good practice to verify correct connection of the string to the instrument AND sufficient
illumination of modules (>100 W/m2) by comparing the measured PV voltage with the expected
voltage (Number of modules multiplied by the module Voc).

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7.2 Measurement
Ground Fault measurement
Some rudimentary control and assessment of the sun-light reaching the string and individual PV modules is
necessary. I.e. in order to accurately detect and localize ground faults, and disconnects in cables and Functionality:
connectors, all the module in the string under test need to be illuminated by at least 100W/m2. This is also This test test is used to measure the isolation of the PV string towards ground. If poor isolation is found,
the case if one wants to estimate the overall string series resistance Rs. the instrument will attempt to position the fault. Typical faults seen are due to water intrusion in PV
modules or connectors (replace faulty module/connector) or in case of a damaged cable (replace cable

segment).
When checking the health state of module bypass diodes it is also necessary with an ambient sunlight

intensity at the module of at least 100 W/m2, however, the testing of the health state of the diodes in a

specific PV module in the string under test requires the blocking of the light from reaching the module. If Rp
A. Before hitting the measure button, the number of PV
of the string or a subset of the string down to individual cells or modules needs to be measured the sunlight modules should be selected using the + and - keys.
needs again to be blocked from reaching the PV cells or modules being tested. I.e. Rp of the entire string
can be measured at nighttime. B. After hitting the "measure"-button, the instrument
will perform a ground isolation measurement and
return the measured Riso together with the string
Settings
open circuit voltage in the Results window
Before starting the actual measurement, it is advised to enter information about the site you are working
A
on. This information will be transferred to the test reports. C. If Riso is less than 1 MOhm:
The information can be entered under change settings.
The instrument will assume there is a singular point-like
A. Press "Settings" in the main menu. ground fault and will estimate its position with reference to
the positive terminal of the PV string.
B. Type in company name, name of technician and site.
Position" will indicate the number of modules counting from
C. When the entry is complete, press "Save".
the positive string terminal towards the fault.

B The entered data is displayed in the reports made in the
If Position states a number between 0 and 1, the fault is
various menus.
likely to be located in the cable segment going to the positive

string terminal from the instrument.

On the other hand if the number is around the number of
modules, the fault is likely in last module or in the cable
C between the last module and the instrument.

The text returned in Conclusion will reflect this
C

B

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Conditions Irr > 100 W/m2

13.2 Instrument characteristic

2. Warnings and tips 11. Technical data

Merasurement feature Z100

10. Storage and disposal 3. Limited warranty and limitation of warranty

3.1 Warranty disclaimer

8. Maintenance and service 4. Unpacking and commisioning

In Step 2, we can test each individual module in the string by

4.2.2 Control interface

Main menu of the Z100Wifi App

An optional CAT smart phone is provided by

Open Circuit Voltage measurement

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