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Eddy Current Brake PDF
Eddy Current Brake PDF
Cons idering the alternatives : Returning to bas ic electrodynamics , I realis ed that my initial des ign produced no force vectors
oppos ed to the direction of the wheel's motion. I unders tood how the Lorentz force is oppos ite the direction of motion in an
eddy current brake, but had dis mis s ed the des ign after the brains torming phas e. I rejected this des ign becaus e the
electromagnets required too much weight and a complicated des ign. But I now realis ed that I may be able to generate an
eddy current with permanent magnets ins tead, reducing complexity and weight. The concept was to place magnets on typical
bicycle brake pads , thus when pulled clos e to the rim the Bfield would be perpendicular and through the aluminum bicycle
wheel rim. This would induce eddy currents in the rim whos e interaction with the Bfield would s low the wheel. But firs t I had
to tes t the practicality of the idea.
A Side View. The 8 holes halfway between the axis and the rim allow IR light through to the photodiode.
A video of the Rig in Action.
Since the eddycurrent brake generates a Lorentz force: F is proportional to V as s uming negligible E. Thus I could
proportionally s cale my res ults to s ee if an eddy current induced in the rim of a moving bicycle could produce enough power
to s ignificantly s low the wheel. The rim of the brake in my tes t rig was moving at 2.8r/s *2*=17.6 rad/s , prior to the
introduction of the magnetic field.
Final Design
The es s ential problem was that the bicycle wheel rim moved too s lowly to produce a s ubs tantial Lorenz force at any normal
riding s peed. This led to the obvious conclus ion that if only I could increas e the s peed of the eddy current brake relative to
the wheel s peed I could produce a s ubs tantial braking force. This condition neces s itates a drivetrain by definition, a s ys tem
that adds complexity and weight to the s ys tem, two things I had been trying to avoid. More importantly it undermined my goal
of having a contactles s braking s ys tem. By s caling up my res ult from the previous tes t rig however, it appeared that
s ubs tantial power could be generated.
For example the bike wheel would s pin at about 3 revolutions /s econd at 15MPH, but a 1 inch diameter s haft driven off of that
wheel's tire would s pin at 82r/s . Scaling proportionally the res ult from my s econd prototype, my eddy current brake's rim
would be traveling at 30.9m/s and would produce 4.4N of force, 0.26Nm of torque, and dis s ipate a power of 134 W. Multiplied
by a couple s ets of magnets , I would quickly be at my 500W goal. Finally I had a mathematically promis ing des ign.
The Final Des ign I decided on would have a s haft connected to a brake dis c s urrounded by s everal magnet pairs , when
brought into contact with the wheel this s haft would s pin at a great enough angular velocity to produce s ubs tantial braking
forces in the dis c. I envis ioned this s haft being held by bearings on the end of rods that could pivot on frame-mounts ,
allowing the brake to be s electively applied. A s piral tors ion s pring in the frame mount would hold the s ys tem off of the bike
wheel during normal riding, a Bowden cable would pivot the brake s haft down into contact with the tire
.
One downs ide of this des ign is that when the s tationary s haft is brought into contact with the s pinning tire it will s lip, wearing
both parts , particular at high s peed. However for my purpos e of keeping a moderate s peed down a hill this would not be s uch
a problem as the brake would be applied prior to des cending the hill, when the wheel is not s pinning that fas t.
Unfortunately at this point in the s emes ter there was not enough time remaining to fully des ign, cons truct, ins tall and tes t
s uch a s ys tem. Ins tead I decided to build a proof of concept prototype which would be s imple enough to quickly build and tes t.
I reduced the des ign to it's mos t es s ential components : a bearing, a s haft, a brake dis c and a magnet holder. This prototype
would demons trate that us ing a s haft could increas e the s peed of the brake dis c and produce s izable braking power, but
becaus e it would have no s elective application it would be breaking all the time and thus render the bicycle impractical.
Tes t Normal Bicycle w/ Shaft, Bearing and Brake Dis c (No Magnets ) Full Eddy Current Braking Sys tem
U (potential) 1947J 1947J 1947J
The proof of concept prototype was effective at dras tically reducing acceleration when riding downhill, with the s ys tem
ins talled my run over the cours e was effectively at cons tant s peed, with only s light accelerations during moments of s lippage.
Without the s ys tem the bicycle accelerated during almos t the entire downhill run. In this way the proof of concept prototype
was effective at carrying a cons tant moderate s peed downhill.
Final Results
Analys is of my des ign goals
Des ign Goal Met Why
produce at leas t 500W No Even s caling my res ults form the proof of concept prototype linearly with s peed, at 15MPH only
of braking power 140W of braking would be generated, of which only 41W are due to eddy currents
brake a bicycle on Yes * My proof of concept prototype will decelerate a bicycle on level ground, however it does not do s o
level ground from particularly quickly. * My goal s hould have s pecified a dis tance or time for this deceleration, If I
15mph to 4 mph had it is doubtful that my prototype would have met this goal.
allow normal Yes My final des ign does not interfear with normal bicycle us e or braking.
operation of the
bicycle when not in
us e
Pres ent only the mos t Yes All of the current generated is contained in the brake dis c, which is ins ide an ins ulated
minor electrocution cas e/magnet holder, thus there is no ris k of electrocution.
ris k while in us e
The proof of concept prototype s howed that the eddy current braking s ys tem of my final des ign is effective at maintaining a
s afe downhill s peed. Slipping between the s haft and tire will always be a problem with this des ign, however intelligently
applied Bowden cable pres s ure can limit this problem. The larges t compromis e in my final des ign is that it wears both the
braking s haft and tire when in us e, thereby creating s ervicing needs . The minimization of maintenence was one of the
motivations to undertake this des ign project. Future work could implement my final des ign to tes t its real-world braking and
wear.