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Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
1. Objectives
a. Learn some redox reactions
b. Learn what happened in the electrolysis of KI and CuSO4 solution
2. Theory
a. Redox reaction
Metal Observation
Cu There are a little bit bubbles
Fe There are few bubble around metal
Mg Produce smoke, hot, the most bubbles, the fastest reaction
Zn There are many bubble, metal become black
Pb The test tube condesed, few bubble
c) H2O2 + H2SO4 + KI + starch : the solution become brown ( dark yellow ), there are
black precipitate
d) FeCl3 + H2SO4 + KI heated + starch : the solution become brown, produce black
precipitate
f) Cu + Zn SO4 : no reaction
b. Electolysis of KI solution
Calculation
a. Redox Titration
a. Reaction of Metal and Metal Nitrat Solution
1. Aluminium metal
Al and Pb(NO3)2 solution
2 Al(s )+ 3 Pb(NO 3)2 (aq) 2 Al (NO3 )2(aq) +3 Pb(s)
2. Cu metal
Cu metal and Pb(NO3)2 solution
NO
Pb( 3)2
Cu(s) +
Using Fe electrode
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42- x1 CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42-
2+ -
Cathode : Cu + 2e Cu x1 Cu2+ + e- Cu
Anode : Fe Fe2+ + 2e- x1 Fe Fe2+ + 2e-
CuSO4 + Fe SO42- + Cu + Fe2+
CuSO4 + Fe FeSO4 + Cu
6. Discussion
a. Redox reaction
a) Reaction of metal and metal nitrat solution
In this experiment, we put each metals ( Al, Cu, Fe) in a test tube that
contained Pb(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, NaNO3, AgNO3. Al metal inserted in each
solution, there are few bubbles in the test tube that contained Zn(NO3)2 and a little
bit bubbles in the test tube that contained AgNO3. When Al metal mixed with
NaNO3, it supposed to be no reaction, because the Ecell is negative so it cant be
reacted. But the fact, there are few bubbles in the test tube. The reaction :
2Al(s) + 3Zn(NO3)2(aq) 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Zn (s)
Al (s) +3 Zn( NO 3 )2 (aq)
Based on voltaic array the position of Al is on the left metals Zn, Pb and Ag
and Al metal is on the right Na. Al should also can react with Ag and Pb but
based on the experimental results Al didnnt react. The reaction that supposed to
be happen :
2Al(s) + 3Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3Pb(s)
Al(s) + 3Ag(NO3)2(aq) Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Ag (s)
When the Cu metal inserted in each solution, bubbles only appeared in the test
tube that contained AgNO3, there is no bubble in ithe other solution. Because Cu
metal can only react with AgNO3 solution. After Cu inserted into the solution, the
color become black. Based on the series voltaic , E Cu is smaller than E Ag
and greater than E Pb , E Zn and E Na ( Na < Zn < Pb < Cu < Ag ) so Cu can
reduce ion Ag+ to Ag with the following reaction :
Cu (s) + 2Ag(NO3)2(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag (s)
When Fe inserted in each solution, Fe only react in AgNO3 solution. It marked
by changing of Fe become black, there is thick black layer, and the solution color
become a little bit yellow. Fe doesnt react with the other solution, it marked by
no changing in each solution. The reaction :
Fe(s) + 2 Ag(NO3)2(aq) Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Ag (s)
Based on voltaic array, Fe metal is located to the right of Na and Zn, and the
left of Pb and Ag. Fe also can react with Pb, but based on the results of
experiment Fe does not react with Pb . The reaction is supposed to occur as
follows :
Fe (s) + Pb (NO3)2(aq) Fe (NO3)2(aq) + Pb (s)
In this experiment we used 0,25 M of KI solution and put it into U tube using C
electrode. It is electrified about 5 minutes. At anode, the solution become thin yellow
and smell. At cathode, there were bubbles, has no smell and colorless. When the
solution on anode mixed with starch solution, the color become old green and has
precipitate. If it mixed with CHCl 3 solution, there were two layers. The top color was
yellow and the bottom color was pink. When the solution on cathode mixed with PP
solution, the color become pink. If it mixed with FeCl3 solution, the color become
red brown.
The reaction :
c. Electrolysis of CuSO4
In this experiment we used two electrodes, they were C and Fe. But it used 0,5 M
CuSO4 as the solution. When using C electrode, there was few bubbles on anode, and
the solution color become orange ( red ) on cathode.But when we used Fe electrode,
the color of sulution on anode become orange, and the electrode on cathode become
corossion.
The reaction :
Using C electrode
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42- x2 2CuSO42Cu2+ + 2 SO42-
2+ -
Cathode : Cu + 2e Cu x2 2Cu2+ + 4e- 2Cu
Anode : 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e- x1 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e-
CuSO4 + 2H2O 2 SO42- + 2Cu + 4H+ + O2
CuSO4 + 2H2O 2 H2SO4 + 2Cu + O2
Using Fe electrode
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42- x1 CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42-
Cathode : Cu2+ + 2e- Cu x1 Cu2+ + e- Cu
Anode : Fe Fe + 2e-
2+
x1 Fe Fe2+ + 2e-
CuSO4 + Fe SO42- + Cu + Fe2+
CuSO4 + Fe FeSO4 + Cu
7. Conclusion
a. Redox reaction can happen if Eocell is postive number ( react spontaneously ).
Oxidation happen if the oxidation number increases, reduction happen if the oxidation
number decrease. It also based on volta series, element in the left can reduce elements
in the right side.
b. In electrolysis, reduction reaction occurs at the cathode (positive pole) and the
oxidation reaction occurs in anode (negative pole). Electrolysis of KI produce I2 in the
anode and OH- and H2 gas in the cathode, meanwhile electrolysis of CuSO4 using C
electrode will produce Cu in the cathode and O2 gas in the anode. Electrolysis of
CuSO4 using Fe electrode will produce Fe2+ in anode and Cu in cathode.
8. Suggestion
a. Before doing the experiment we have to know the procedure well
b. Use the time effectively
c. Masuring the data correctly
9. References