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v z =r v ,
f = grad U


v r v v r v r v 2 1 p v 2 v
(1) v r + + vz = fr + v r 2r 2 ,
r r z r r r r
v v v v v v 1 p v 2 v
( 2) v r + + vz + r = f + v 2 + 2 r ,
r r z r r r r
v z v v z v 1 p
(3) v r + + vz z = fz + v z ;
r r z z
r v v 1 v v z v z
(4) div v = r + r + + =0 =0 v z = v v z (z);
r r r z z
v z = v = v z (r ).
- :

1 p 1 p 1 p 2 v 1 v
0 = fr , 0 = f , 0 = fz + 2 + . (1 )
r r z r r
r
,

p = p (r, , z)
 p = p U ,
(1) :

p p U p 1 p
= (p U) = = f r = f r = 0 p p ( r ) ;
r r r r r r
p p U p 1 p
= (p U) = = r f = r f = 0 p p ()
r
p = p (z).

1 p 1 dp
fz = ,
z dz

(1)

dp d 2 v 1 dv
= 2 + = const. = k .
dz dr r dr

 :

dp d2v1 dv k (2)
= k, + = ;
dz dr 2 r dr

p
. (2)
dv k dv k C1
dr = r dr = r+ .
dr dr 2 r
k 2
v= r + C1 ln r + C 2 .
4
(r=0)
(ln 0 = ) ,
C1=0. ,
v=0 r=R
C 2 = kR 2 / 4 .

k
v= (R 2 r 2 ). (3)
4

kR 2
v max = .
4
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r dr,

dQ = v dA = v(r ) 2r dr ,

R
Q = 2 v(r ) r dr .
0

kR 4 kD 4
Q= = . (4)
8 128

Q kR 2
vS = = , (A = R 2 ),
A 8

1
v S = v max .
2
, (3),
:
k
vx = 0, vy = 0, vz = v = (R 2 x 2 y 2 ) .
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r r
rot v = 2 ,
:
1 v ky 1 v k x
x = = , y = = , z = 0 ,
2 y 4 2 x 4

kr
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D=2R 2320.
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kF - .
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v x v x v x v x 1 p 2vx 2vx 2vx

+ vx + vy + vz =X + + + ,
t x y z x x 2
y 2
z 2

:
v x1 v x 2
I1 = v x1 , I 2 = v x2 .
x 1 x 2
, ,

v x1 (k v v x 2 ) k 2v v x 2 k 2v
I1 = v x1 = k vvx2 = vx2 = I2 ,
x1 (k l x 2 ) kl x 2 kl

I1 k 2v
= .
I2 k l
 , - ,
:
2 v x1 2 v x2
T1 = 1 , T2 = 2 ,
x 12 x 22

2 v x1 v x1 (k v x 2 )
T1 = 1 = 1 = k 2 =
x12 x1 x1 (k l x 2 ) (k l x 2 )

k k v 2vx2 k k v
= 2
= T2 ,
x 22
2
2
kl k l

T1 k k v
= 2 .
T2 kl
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kp
P1
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r r r r
(G = mg = 1 g a )
G 1 g1 a 1
= = = ka .
G2 g2 a2

(8)

k 2v kp k k
= ka = = 2 v , (9)
kl k kl kl

(9).
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k vkl = k .
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v1 l1 v 2 l 2
= .
1 2

Re1 = Re 2 , (10)

vl
Re = .

l -
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v12 v 22
= .
a 1 l1 a 2 l 2
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v12 v 22
= (Fr1 = Fr2 ) , (11)
gl1 gl 2

v2
Fr =
gl (12)
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v gl.
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p1 p
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1 1 2 2

p
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2
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c 2 = dp / d = p / - ,
c 2 = dp / d = p / - ;

v1 v 2
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c1 c 2
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f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) = 0,
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x 4 = f1 ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) .

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D , v
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:
dp
f , D, v, , , = 0.
dx
D, v . , - ,
m=n-3=3,

(1 , 2 , 3 ) = 0,

dp x1 y1 z1
1 = D v , 2 = D x 2 v y2 z2 , 3 = D x 3 v y3 z 3 .
dx
 , ,
M 0 L0T 0 = ( ML 2T 2 ) Lx1 ( LT 1 ) y1 ( ML3 ) z1 ,
,
:
0 = 1 + z1 , 0 = 2 + x1+ y1 3z1 , 0 = 2 y1 ,
:
x1 = 1, y 1 = 2 , z 1 = 1 .
,
dp D
1 = .
dx v 2

:

2 = , 3 = = .
D vD vD

dp D
, , = 0,
dx v 2 D vD

 ,

dx vD
dp = v 2 1 Re, , Re = .
D D

dx v 2
dp = (21)
D 2
.
= 21 ( Re, / D) - .

= Re, . (22)
D
. dp<0 dx>0. -
(21)
v, , .
:
= ( x ); v = v( x ) ; = ( x ), 0 x l.

.

, v .
(21) .
(. 3)
p1 (x=0), p2
(x=l),
l v2
p1 p 2 = .
D 2
p=p1-p2 , l ,
l v2
p = ,
D 2 (23)

, .
(23) .
-
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D .


l v2
p = . (24)
4Rh 2

(22) ,

.
Re .

Re /D
.