Geometry TCAP/EOC/TNReady: The Reference Sheet You Wish You Could Use

Slope Distance Formula

y 2 y 1 rise how far updown ?

m= = = 2 2
d= ( x 2x 1 ) + ( y 2 y 1 )
x 2x 1 run far
how back ?

Mid-Point Formula Parallel/Perpendicular Relationships

(middle of the xs , middle of the ys) Slope of perpendicular lines are opposite
reciprocals (that means change the sign and flip
or the fraction)

( x +2 x , y +2 y )
1 2 1 2 Slopes of parallel lines are the same

Point-Slope Form of a Line Supplementary and Complementary

y y 1=m ( xx 1 ) Supplementary: 1+ 2=180

where m is the slope of the new line and ( x 1 , y 1 ) Complementary: 1+ 2=9 0

is the point on (or through) the new line

Linear Pairs and Vertical Angles Parallel Lines and Transversals

Linear Pairs: 1+ 2=180 Corresponding Angles: 1 2

1 2 1 2

Vertical Angles: 1 2 Alternate Angles: Exterior - 1 2

Interior - 3 4

1
2 1 3
4 2

Circles

Circumference=2 r Same-Side Angles: Exterior - 1+ 2=180

Interior - 3+4=180

Area= r 2 1 2
3 4
(Where r is the radius or half the diameter)

Trapezoid Mid-Segment of a Trapezoid

1 1
Area= ( base1 +base 2 ) height Length of the Mid-Segment = ( base 1+ base2 )
2 2

Volume Triangles

Prism: Volume=( Area of B ase ) height 1

Area= ( base height )
2
1
Pyramid: Volume= 3 ( Area of B ase ) height Triangle Sum: the sum of all three angles of a
triangle is 180
( A + B+ C=180 )
Cylinder: Volume=( Area of B ase ) height ;
The Base is a circle. Triangle Inequality: the sum of any two legs of a
2
Therefore, Volume=( r ) height triangle must be greater than the length of
the third leg (a+b>c)
1
Cone: Volume= 3 ( Area of B ase ) height ; Square/Rectangle/Parallelogram/Rhombus

The Base is a circle. Perimeter=side 1+ side2+ side 3+side 4

1
Therefore, Volume= ( r 2 ) height
3
Area=base height

4
Sphere: Volume= 3 ( Area of B ase ) height ;
(Remember that opposite sides of any parallelogram
The Base is the Great Circle and the height are congruent.)
is the radius.
4 2 4 3
Therefore, Volume= 3 ( r ) r= 3 r

Hemisphere: Remember that a hemisphere is just

half of a sphere, so half the volume.
2 3
Therefore, olume= 3 r .
 Properties of Parallelograms

Sides Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square

Opposite sides are parallel X X X X
Opposite sides are congruent X X X X
Consecutive sides are congruent X X
All Sides are congruent X X
Angles
Opposite angles are congruent X X X X
Consecutive angles are supplementary X X X X
All angles are congruent (meaning 90 or right) X X
Diagonals
Diagonals bisect each other X X X X
Diagonals are congruent X X
Diagonals are perpendicular X X
Diagonals bisect the angles X X

Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon Measure of an Interior Angle of a Regular Polygon

180 ( n2 )
Measur of 1 Regular Interior Angle=
180 ( n2 ) n

where n is the number of sides of the polygon where n is the number of sides of the polygon

Measure of an Exterior Angle of a Regular Polygon Density

360 measurement
Meause of 1 Regular Exterior Angle= Density=
n areavolume

The measurement can be lots of things (money,

where n is the number of sides of the polygon population, weight, mass, etc). But the measurement
is always raised to the first power while the
denominator will always be raised to the 2nd (area)
or 3rd (volume) power.
e
hypotenus

Sin/Cos/Tan Ratios Solving for Sides and Angles with Trig

1. Name the sides of the triangle (opposite, adjacent,

opposite

and hypotenuse).
2. Write the appropriate trig definition.
adjacent
3. Decide whether you can or cannot evaluate the
x trig statement.

If you can evaluate the trig statement (that means

you can type the trig word and angle into the
 opposite calculator to get a decimal value):
sin ( x )=
hypotenuse 1. Evaluate
2. Cross-Multiply and solve for the missing
side.
adjacent
cos ( x )=
hypotenuse
If you cannot evaluate the trig statement (that
means there is a variable in the angles place that
opposite stops you from typing the trig part into the
tan ( x )=
adjacent calculator)
1. Type the inverse trig word with the other side
of the equal sign (thats the fraction) into the
calculator to get the missing angle.

Sin/Cos Complementary Function Relationship Invers Sin / Inverse Cos / Inverse Tan

opposite
sin ( x )=cos ( complement of x )
angle=sin1 ( hypotenuse )
cos ( x )=sin ( complement of x ) adjacent
angle=cos1 ( hypotenuse )
That means sine and cosine are equivalent if their
angles are complementary. angle=sin1 ( opposite
adjacent )

Or in other words, in a right triangle, sine of one

angle is equal to cosine of the other angle.
Degree Measure of an Arc Arc Length

Degree Measure of an Arc=Central Angle of the Arc

circumference
of the
portion of
the
Arc Length=

( 360angle
2 )
(2 r )

Measure of a Central Angle of a Circle Angles in Radians

Central Angle=Degree Measure of Intercepted Arc arc length

radians=
radius

Also, 180 = radians and 360 =2 radians

Arc

.
x x= Arc
Area of a Sector

area of
the
portion of
the
Arc Length=

( 360angle
2 )
2
( r )

right angle
Measure of an Inscribed Angle of a Circle Circumscribed Right Triangle

1
Iscribed Angle= ( intercepted arc )
2
diameter
If one leg is the diameter,
the triangle must be a right
triangle.
Arc
Opposite Angles of a Circumscribed Quadrilateral
1
x= ( Arc ) 1
x 2 1+
2 2=180
 Measure of an Interior Angle of a Circle Measure of an Exterior Angle of a Circle

Arc 1
x Arc 1

Arc 2 Arc 2
x

1 of the 1 difference of the

Interior Angle=
(
2 intercepted arcs ) Interior Angle= (
2 intercepted arcs )
1 1
( arc 1+ arc 2 ) ( arc 1arc 2 )
2 2

Radius-Tangent Tangent-Segment
radius

tangent 1 tangent 2
A tangent line
right angle
t

t
and radius are
en

a ng
ng

perpendicular attangent 2 en
ta

the point of
t1

tangency.

Standard Form of a Circle

( xh )2 + ( yk )2=r 2

Where (h,k) is the center of the circle and r is the radius of the circle

So remember:
- Change the sign of h and k when you put them into the equation or take them out of the equation.
2
- The equation equals r ,
Take the square root of whatever the equation equals in order to get the radius.
If you have the radius already, square it in order to get what the equation is supposed to equal,
r2