Subpart D - Occupational Health and Environmental Controls

OSHA Environmental control link 5 Environmental Control (OSHA).doc

What is?
>Is a Method for monitoring and control of environmental and health hazards. (including food and water supply, atmospheric pollution and
other toxic hazards, noise, and ionising and electromagnetic radiation)

Scope: 1. Medical Services and First Aid 5. Airborned Contaminants 9. DOT Marking, Placards and Labels
2. Sanitation 6. Illumination 10. Lead
3. Occupational Noise Exposure 7. Hazard Communication 11. Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals (COSHH)
4. Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation 8. Methylenedianiline (MDA) 12 Criteria for design and construction of spray booths.
Summary:
Medical Services and First Aid.Medical services must be reasonably accessible through a trained first aid person and/or the local emergency responder
(in non-911 areas the telephone numbers must be posted), first aid supplies must be in a waterproof container with
individually sealed packages for each item, facilities to flush eyes or bodies exposed to corrosive materials, and a system
to provide prompt emergency transportation. Arrangements for medical services and first aid are to be made prior to the start of a project.
Sanitation. Employer shall provide: Potable and non potable water, toilets at construction sites, proper food handling, temporary sleeping areas, eating and drinking areas,
vermin control, change rooms, washing facilities,
Occupational Noise Exposure.Administrative or engineering controls must be used to reduce excessive noise exposure.
A hearing conservation program is required if sound levels exceed the permissible exposures.
Hearing protection must be provided when sound levels exceed the permissible level.
Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation.Employers must protect against occupational exposure to radiation.
Only competent and trained persons can use equipment that involves radioactive materials or X-rays.
Laser equipment operators must have proof of qualification. Signs, safety equipment and safe practices must be utilized with lasers.
Airborne Contaminants.Administrative or engineering controls must be used if feasible to avoid employee exposure to airborne contaminants.
Approved protective equipment must be used if administrative or engineering controls are not feasible.
Ventilation systems must be effective and safe. OSHA specifies the controls and protective equipment that must be used in abrasive blasting;
grinding, polishing, and buffing operations; spray finishing operations; and open surface tanks.
Illumination.Illumination requirements range from 3 to 5 foot-candles for general construction areas and 10 to 30 foot -candles for on-site shops and first aid stations and offices.

Hazard Communication.A written hazard communication program is required, in writing, that includes training, labeling, and the availability and use of Material Safety Data Sheets.
Methylenedianiline (MDA).Employers must: have written plans for emergency situations, provide training, monitor exposure, establish and mark
regulated areas where exposures can occur, and provide personal protective equipment.
They must provide decontamination areas and keep work areas as clear of MDA as possible. Information must be shared with other contractors.
Employers must provide a medical surveillance program include initial and subsequent periodic examinations.
DOT Marking, Placards and Labels.Any package, freight container, or vehicle that has a DOT marking, placard or label is required to keep that marking in place
until the hazardous materials are removed or no longer present a hazard.
Lead.Employers must conduct an initial exposure assessment and implement engineering and work practice controls to keep exposure at or below the PEL.
These methods should be supplemented, if necessary to achieve compliance, with respiratory and other clothing protection.
Programs must be written and hygienic facilities and practices must be maintained. Monitoring, medical surveillance, and recordkeeping are required.
Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals.The contract employer working on-site must be informed of the hazards by the host employer
and train each of the employees in the safe work practices for that project.
The safety and health procedures of the host employer as well as those of the contractor must be followed.
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.Written safety and health programs for hazardous waste operations are required.
Training, medical surveillance, engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment are included in the standard.
Criteria for design and construction of spray booths.OSHA has specific regulations covering spray booths, electrical and other sources of ignition,
ventilation, fixed electrostatic apparatus, electrostatic hand spraying equipment, and drying curing or fusion apparatus.

Medical Services and First Aid.

medical personnel > the employer shall insure the availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of occupational health.
first aider > In the absence of infirmity, clinic, hospital, or physician, a person who has the valid cerficate in the first aid training of
US Bureau of Mines, Red Cross shall be available at the site to render first aid.
supply > first aid supply shall be readily accessible at the worksite.
communication > communication system to easily contact ambulance necessary.
tel. numbers > physician, ambulance, emergencies contact numbers shall be posted in conspicuously area.
eye washer > Where the eyes or body may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing for the eyes and body shall be provided within
the work area for emergency use.

FIRST AID KITS:

Standard: ANSI Z-308.1 1978 - Minimum Requirements for Industrial Unit Types First Aid Kits.
First aid kit supply are required to be easily accessible

The contents of First Aid Kit should be adequate for small work sites.
If larger operations or manpower, additional first aid kit is required.

If reasonably anticipated that employees will be exposed to blood or other infectious material while using first aid kit, The employee is required to use a PPE.

Sanitation
Requirements:
1. Potable Water
2. Non Potable water
3. Toilets at construction job sites.
4. Food Handling.
5. Temporary sleeping areas.
6. Washing Facilities.
7. Eating and drinking areas.
8. Vermin control.
9. Change rooms

1. Potable Water
a. An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided in all places of employment.
b. Portable container use to dispense water shall be capable of being tightly closed, and equipped with tap.
Water shall not be dipped from container.
c. Any containers use to distribute drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature of its contents and not used for any other purposes.
d. the common drinking cup is prohibited.
e. Where single service cup ( to be used but once) are supplied both sanitary container for
the unused cups and a receptacle use for disposing of the used cup shall be provided.
f. Potable water shall meet the standard as prescribed by US Public health service Drinking wate standards,
published in 42 CFR 72 or water approved by the local state.

2. Non Potable water

a. outlets for non-potable water such as for fire fighting, water for industrial shall be indentified to indicate that the water is not to be used for drinking, cooking, washing or shower.
b. there shall no cross connection between furnishing potable water and furnishing non potable water.

3. Toilets at construction job sites.

a. Toilets shall be available according to the ff: table.

b. under temporary field conditions, provisions shall be made to assure not less than one toilet facility is available.
c. Jobsite not provided with sanitary sewer, shall be provided with one of the ff facilities unless prohibited by local codes:
1. Privies (where use will not contaminate ground or surface water)
2. chemical toilets
3. recirculating toilets
4. combustion toilets

d. Requirements for this paragraph shall not apply to mobile crews having transportation readily available to nearby toilet facilities.

4. Food Handling.
a. all employees of food service and operations shall meet the applicable laws, ordinaces, and regulations of jurisdictions in which they are located.
b. all employees of food service and operations shall be carried out in accordance with sound hygienic principles. In all places of employment where
all part of food service is provided, the food dispense shall be free from spoilage, wholesome, and shall be processed, prepared and handled,
and stored in such a manner as to be protected against contamination.
5. Temporary sleeping areas.
When temporary shelter is to be provided, it shall be heated, ventilated and lighted.
6. Washing Facilities.
a. the employer shall provide adequate washing facilities for employees engaged in the application of paints, cotaing, herbicides, or insecticides, or other
applications where contaminants maybe harmful to the employees.
b. general. Washing facilities shall be maintained in sanitary conditions.
c. lavatories.
d. showers
 1. one shower shall be provided every 10 employees of each sex, or numerical fraction thereof, who are required to shower during same shift.
2. body soap or other appropriate cleansing agent convenient to shower shall be provided
3. shower shall be provided with cold and hot water feeding a common discharge line.
4. provide each towel
7. Eating and drinking areas.
No employees shall be allowed to consume or beverages in toilet room nor in any area exposed to a toxic material.

8. Vermin control.
Every enclosed workplace shall be constructed, equipped, and maintained, so far as reasonably practicable, as to prevent
the entrance or harborage or rodents, insects or other vermin
9. Change rooms

Occupational Noise Exposure.

Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown below table.
( 85 Dba - Decibels in Scale A, or below is the range of safe sound, beyond is risk)

Ionizing Radiation.

a. In construction and related activities involving the use of sources of ionizing radiation, the pertinent provisions of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Standards for Protection Against Radiation (10 CFR part 20)
relating the protection against occupational radiation exposure shall apply.

b. Any activities involves the use of radioactive materials or X-rays, whether or not under license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall be performed
by competent persons specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment.

NON-IONIZING RADIATION
(see OSHA)

Airborned Contaminants (Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts and mists)

a) Exposure of employees to inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, or contact with any material or substance at a concentration above those specified in the
"Thresold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1970" of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, shall be avoided.

b) To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) of this section administrative or engineering controls must first be implemented whenever feasible.
When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance protective equipment or other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure
of employees to air contaminants with in the limits prescribed in this section.
Any equipment and technical measures used for this prupose must first be approved for each particular use by a competent industrial hygienist or other
technically qualified person.

Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1926.103

c) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of employees to airborne asbestors, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite dust.
Whenever any employee is exposed to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite dust, the requirements of 1910.1101 or 1926.58 of this title shall apply.

d) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of employees to formaldehyde.
Whenever any employee is exposed to formaldehyde, the requirements of 1910.1048 of this title shall apply.

Illumination
a.) General construction areas, ramps, runways, corridors, offices, shops, and storage areas shall be lighted to not less than the minimum illumination
intensities listed in Table D-3 while any work is in progress.

Table D-3 - Minimum Illumination intensities in FOOT CANDLES.

Foot Candles Areas Of Operation

5 >>>>> General Constrction area lighting
3 >>>>> General Construction areas, concrete placement,
excavation and waste areas, accessways, active storage area, loading platforms, refueling and field maintenance areas.
5 >>>>> Indoors: warehouses, coridors, hallways, and endways.
5 >>>>> Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas:
(Exception: minimum of 10 food candles is required at tunnel and shaft heading during drilling, mucking, and scaling.
Bureau of mines approved cap lights shall be acceptable for use in the tunnel heading)
10 >>>>> General construction plant and shops such as: batch plants, screening plants, mechanical and electrical equipment roms, carpenter shops,
rigging lofts and active socrerooms, barracks or living quarters, locker or dressing rooms, mess halls, and indoor toilets and work rooms.
30 >>>>> First aid stations, infimaries and offices.
b.) other areas. For areas or operations not covered above,
refer to the American National Standard A11 1- 1965, R1970, Practice for Industrial Lighting, for recommended valuesof illumination.