FIRST AID PROCEDURES UP-SPTC JUNE-JULY 2016

Conditi Medical Background Tools Ax (expected Prevention Mgx Procedure Notes and
on Needed findings) comments fr
lecture/
retdem

Cramps A muscle cramp is Stretching, The player Proper 1. Place

an involuntarily and massage/ could feel pain. hydration the player in a
forcibly contracted muscle The area may before and comfortable
muscle that does deload, heat be tender and after game position.
not relax. It may application, firm. Proper 2. Give
occur during electrolyte stretching electrolyte drink to
exercise. repletion, exercise the player
Dehydration is the calcium before and 3. Gently
cause of muscle supplement after the game apply pressure on
cramps. ation the involved muscle
4. Gently
apply stretch on the
involved muscle
and palpate if the
muscle is stretching
hold it for 7 secs
and repeat it for 10
times until cramps
subsided.

Sprain Sprain occurs when White Tape 1.Determine the 1. Regular PRICE: Protect, rest, ice, Observe
one or more (e.g mechanism of stretching and compress and elevate proper
ligaments have Mueller), injury. strengthening 1. Place positioning of
been stretched, Pre-wrap, 2.Assess for exercise can the athlete in his the pt and
twisted or torn, Muscle pain, swelling minimize risk comfortable proper body
usually as a result of Tape and tenderness. for sprain. position. mechanics of
excessive force (Kinesiotap 3. Movement 2. Warm up 2. Apply the PT.
being applied to a e) Ice bag Analysis to before and crushed ice on the Prevent the
joint. or ice determine the cool down injured area and extremity from
Sprains are bucket for injured after the sports apply moving while
classified by distal structures. (e.g activity. compression as applying tape.
severity: extremity For ankle 3. Wear you wrap it around Avoid creases
Grade 1 sprain sprain, the most protective using clean wrap during the
(mild): Slight common painful equipment to or towel. Elevate application of
stretching and some motion is upon prevent further the injured area. It white tape as
damage to the fibers PF and INV damage to should be done for it may result
(fibrils) of the from injured ligament. 5 mins, or as the to blisters.
ligament. ATFL) pt feel the
Grade 2 sprain numbness of the
(moderate): Partial injured area.
tearing of the 3. Clean
ligament. There is the injured area.
abnormal looseness Make sure that it
(laxity) in the joint is dry.
when it is moved in 4. Apply
certain ways. anchor of mm
Grade 3 sprain tape proximal to
(severe): Complete the lymph node of
tear of the ligament. the injured area
This causes (e.g for ankle
significant instability sprain, apply the
and makes the joint anchor on the 2
nonfunctional. malleoli). Web- cut
mm tape to
decrease swelling
 5. Apply
pre-wrap before
the white tape. For
acute ankle sprain
condition: open-
basket tape
should be applied
to decrease
swelling and
immobilize the
joint. For chronic
condition: close-
basket tape.

Strain Strain is an 1. Ice - to 1. Subjective: Prevention: 1. Apply ice massage to As first aid,
overstretching, decrease * localized dull 1. Warm up the entire muscle or to PT should not
overexertion, pain and aching pain. thoroughly by the specific part of the try to stretch
overuse of soft inflammatio gently going muscle that was or release the
tissue; tends to be n 2. Ocular through the strained. muscle to
less severe than a Inspection: motions of avoid further
sprain; results from 2. Tapes * redness on your sport and 2. Clean the skin with injury to the
slight trauma or * white tape the specific performing cotton and alcohol prior healing tissue.
unaccustomed (mueller) area of the limb slow, to application of the tape.
repeated trauma of * muscle * minimal sustained
a minor degree. It is tape inflammation stretches. 3. Cut the tape in relation
also refers to the ( Kinesiotap to the length of the
amount of e) 3. Palpation: 2. Use muscle.
derformation that * Elastic * tenderness approrpriate
occurs in tissues Bandage * hyperthermia protective and 4. Muscle Tape:
when a stress is on the specific compressive * use inhibition technique
applied. This term is 3. Alcohol & area of the limb. garments on by attaching the tape
frequently used to cotton- for the muscle from the insertion of the
refer specifically to cleaning of 4. ROM that is muscle and pull toward
some degree of the skin for * Inibilty to suspectible for its origin. This is to limit
disruption of the the tape to move the limb having a the muscle from
musculotendinous attach firmly in its full range strain. (Muscle contracting and
unit.Overstretching, to the skin. with a history overstretching that will
overexertion, 5. MMT of strain. aggravate the strain.
overuse of soft 4. Scissor- * Inabilty to
tissue: for cutting of resist minimum 3. Drink plenty 5. White Tape:
tends to be less the to maximal of fluid before, * apply prowrap im
severe than a tapesIce, resistance1.Det during and circular motion in 50%
sprain, occurs from compressio ermine the after the overlapping position.
slight trauma or n garments, mechanism of game. * use inhibition technique
unaccustomed bandages, injury. by applying the tape
repeated trauma of white tape 2.Assess for 4. Maintain a perpendicular to the
a pain, swelling good level of orientation of the muscle.
minor degree. This and tenderness. overall fitness,
term is frequently 3. Movement particularly in 6. Check blood
used to refer Analysis to the off season. circulation by firmly
specifically to some determine the pressing the skin distal
degree of disruption injured 5. Ensure to the limb being applied
of the structures. training with the tape.
musculotendinous includes
Unit. appropriate 7. Assess patients
speed and mobilty and ability to go
First-degree strains impact work so back to the game.
involve only the muscles PRICE: Protect, rest, ice,
microtearing of the are capable of compress and elevate
collagen fibers. the demands 1. Place the athlete in his
They are of a game. comfortable position.
 characterized by
mild pain and local 6. Comply to 2. Apply crushed ice on
tenderness, but they muscle the injured area and
may present with no strengthening apply compression as
readily observable and plyometric you wrap it around using
symptoms. In a first program. clean wrap or towel.
degree strain, there Elevate the injured area.
is no loss of function 7. Maintain It should be done for 5
in activities of daily good form and mins, or as the pt feel
living. technique the numbness of the
injured area.
Second-degree 8. Dont exert
injuries involve an yourself
3. Protect by applying
extensive rupturing beyond the
elastic bandage,
of the tissue. They level of fitness.
compression garments,,
are characterized by Gradually
sling or splint over
moderate pain, increase
muscle belly tendon to
muscle weakness, intensity and
prevent further
and loss of function. duration of
movement or contraction
training.
Third-degree 4. PT can try to deload
9. Cool down
injuries produce a area by applying white
after sport with
major loss of tissue tape perpendicular to the
gentle
continuity that fibers of the muscle to
sustained
results in a inhibit contraction.
stretches.
significant loss of
1. Regular
function or
stretching and
movement. Severe
strengthening
pain followed by
exercise.
decreased pain
2. Warm up
attributed to
before and
nerve separation is
cool down
typical in a third-
after the sports
degree strain.
activity.
3. Wear
protective
equipment like
compression
garments to
prevent further
damage to the
muscles

Wound Types of soft tissue Gloves, 1. Evaluate the Protective PT should always wear Apply the
s & cuts injuries (Open): alcohol, injury: garments such gloves or in cases, gauze in a
NSS a. Wound size as knee pads disinfect hands with manner where
1. Abrasion - Solution, b. Wound depth & elbow pads alcohol when treating there could be
Caused by rubbing Clean water c. Type of injury for players wounds to avoid space/s for air
or scraping the skin; & Soap, d. Structures or contaminations circulation for
shear forces to the Antiseptic are affected the wound
skin. Agents (e.g. Capillary (Abrasions) healing e.g.
Betadine, 2 .PT needs to 1. Clean triangular
Bactroban, know what area with NSS taping using
Hydrogen structure is solution, then use micropore
Peroxide), injured: soap to clean the
Petroleum area In cases of
Jelly, Sterile 2. Use arterial
Arterial - bright
Gauze & betadine, hydrogen bleeding
red & spurting
Steristrips peroxide or where the
Micropore bactroban to gauze is
 Bandage Venous- dark disinfect area already
red & steady 3. Cover drenched,
the area with sterile change the
Capillary - gauze and secure it gauze
seeping with micropore. applied.

Arterial
1. Clear
area from debris by
using soap-water or
2. Puncture -
NSS solution
Caused by pointed
2. Apply
object or instrument
betadine to the
edges of the clean
area (intact skin)
3. Apply
gauze with pressure
to stop bleeding
4. Apply
3. Laceration - bandage. Before
wound produced by application, be sure
tearing of body that blood is not
tissue; jagged seeping out
edges 5. If
bleeding does not
immediately stop
through pressure,
locate nearest
superficial
artery/blood supply
between the wound
and the heart and
apply the indirect
pressure.Tourniquet
could be applied on
4. Incision - Cut or area of indirect
wound made by a pressure.
sharp instrument 6. Call for
emergency 117 or
bring to nearest
emergency center if
bleeding does not
stop.

Venous
1. Clean
area from debris by
using soap-water or
NSS solution.
5. Avulsion - severe
2. Apply
laceration that
betadine to edges
results in complete
clean area (intact
separation off the
skin)
skin from the
3. Elevat
underlying tissue
e affected area
above heart level
4. Apply
gauze with pressure
to stop bleeding
5. Apply
bandage. Before
 application, be sure
that blood is not
seeping out

Small cuts
1. Clean
area with NSS
solution, then use
The healing of soap to clean the
destroyed soft area
tissues is a three- 2. Use
phase process betadine, hydrogen
involving peroxide or
inflammation, bactroban to
proliferation, disinfect area
and maturation 3. Apply
petroleum jelly
1.Inflammation 4. PT
phase (0-6 days) - could also use
the familiar steristrip to cover
symptoms of parallel to the area
inflammation have
long been
recognized as rubor
(redness), calor
(local
heat), tumor
(swelling), dolor
(pain), and in severe
cases, loss of
function.

2. Proliferative
phase (3-21 days) -
involves repair and
regeneration of the
injured tissue. This
phase takes
place from
approximately 3
days after the injury
through the next 3
to 6 weeks. It
includes the
development of
new blood vessels
(angiogenesis), the
process of fibrous
tissue formation, the
generation of new
epithelial tissue, and
wound contraction.

3. Maturation Phase
(up to 1+ year)- final
phase of soft tissue
wound repair is the
maturation, or
remodeling, phase.
This phase
 involves the
maturation of the
newly formed tissue
into a scar tissue.

Dislocat Dislocations
ion typically result when Crushed A dislocated Prevention: 7. Do not
a joint experiences ice-Apply joint may be: To help move the person if
an unexpected or ice packs to prevent you think that their
unbalanced impact. ease pain injury/dislocati head, back, or leg
Accompanied
This might happen if and on: has been injured.
by numbness or
you fall or swelling, but Keep the person
tingling at the
experience a harsh do not put still.
joint or beyond To avoid falls,
hit to the affected ice directly 8. If the
it do not stand
area. on the skin. skin is broken, take
on chairs,
Wrap the countertops, or steps to prevent
Intensely
ice in a other unstable infection. Do not
painful,
clean cloth. objects. blow on the wound.
especially if you
Splint or Rinse the area
try to use the
Sling- gently to remove
joint or put Eliminate
injured joint any dirt you can
weight on it throw rugs,
in the see, but do not
especially
position in scrub or probe.
Limited in around the
which you Cover the area with
movement elderly.
found it. Do sterile dressings
not move before immobilizing
the joint. Swollen or Wear the injured joint
Also bruised protective gear 9. Splint
immobilize when or sling the injured
the area participating in joint in the position
Visibly out of
above and contact sports. in which you found
place,
below the discolored, or it. Do not move the
injured misshapen joint. Also
area. immobilize the area
above and below
the injured area.
10. Check
the person's blood
circulation around
the injury by
pressing firmly on
the skin in the
affected area. It
should turn white,
then regain color
within a couple of
seconds after you
stop pressing on it.
To reduce the risk of
infection, do not do
this step if the skin
is broken.
11. Apply
ice packs to ease
pain and swelling,
but do not put ice
directly on the skin.
 Wrap the ice in a
clean cloth.

Fractur a fracture is a break Ice- to Subjective 1. Warm up 1. Keep the person still
e or a crack in a bone. decrease thoroughly by and calm.
A fracture occurs the pain and Int gently going
when a force swelling. ense through the 2. Examine the patient
exerted against a pain motions of closely for other injuries
bone is stronger Splint- to on the your sports
than the bone can stabilize the fractur and 3. Apply ice to decrease
structurally area and ed performing pain and swelling
withstand. promote area. slow,
immobilizati sustained 4. Immobilize the broken
The most common on of the N stretches. bone with a splint and
causes of fractures fractured umbne 2. Wear cover with elastic
are: limb. ss appropriate bandage in circular
1. Trauma Ocular protective motion that is 50%
a fall, a mva or a Elastic Inspection: garments overlapping. Immobilize
tackle during a sport bandage- to 3. Use both proximal and distal
game can all result provide R appropriate of the injured site.
to fracture. compressio apid safety
2. Bone Pathologies n and swellin equipments 5. Put sling to add more
Disorders that stabilization g such as mouth mobilization and stablilty
weaken bones and of the splint guard, helmets of the fractured limb.
makes them more on the limb. P and pads
likely to break. alenes 4. Maintain a 6. Check for blood
3. Overuse Sling- to s good level of circulation by pressing
Repetitive motion provide overall fitness, firmly over the such
can tire a muscles support on D particularly in beyond fracture site.
and place more the eformit the off season.
force on bone. This fractured y 5. Ensures 7. Call for emergency
can results in stress limb and will training and contact patients
fractures. Stress also provide Bl includes companion and
fractures are more immobilizati eeding appropriate immediate family
common in athletes. on. speed and members.
Br impact of work
There are two types uising so muscles 8. Do not move the
of fractures: open Palpation: are capable of person unless the
and closed. the demands broken bone is stable.
Te of the game.
In an open fracture, nderne 6. Use good 9. Do not attempt to
the ends of the ss forms and straighten a bone or
broken bone tear techniques. change its position.
the skin. When the Lo
bone and skin are ss of 10. Do not test the bones
exposed, they are at pulse ability to move.
risk of infection. This below
type of fracture is the
also called a area
compound fracture. fractur
ed
In a closed fracture, ROM:
the broken bone
does not break the In
skin. This type of ability
fracture is also to
called a simple move
fracture. But these the
fractures can be just limb
distal
 as dangerous as and
open fractures. proxim
al to
the
injured
area

Concus Concussions Pen light, Ax Prevention: Mx:

sion -Diffuse brain ice, 1. As pt is lying Proper On site first mx:
injuries timer/watch, down on the medical A-Airway clearance c
-Common cause of bandage, ground. PT screening of cervical spine
loss of gauze. assesses the baseline B-Breathing
consciousness head, jaw and psychological C-Circulation and
(LOC) after trauma, neck for any capacities of hemorrhage control
blow to head or jaw; fractures, athletes and D-Disability drugs-
fall on buttocks from bruises or other education as assessment of
a height; and cuts or wounds to what neurological status
inability to process to the head and concussion E-Expose the pt, but
information. neck. Checks can result in. protect against
for fluid hypothermia.
Coup Injury discharge in the Strengthening
-A forceful blow to a nose or ears. IIt of neck Possible mx:
resting, movable is also musclature to Ice application on area of
head usually important to r/o absorb and injury.
produces maximum spinal injury to withstand
brain injury beneath the pt. As the forces Stabilize vital signs
the point of impact. PT assesses, delivered to Head and neck
-Caused by linear or PT is also the head and stabilization to prevent
translational asking neck. secondary injury
acceleration questions
-Often causes focal slowly one-by-
Custom- Proper endorsement to a
ischemic lesions, one if the pt
molded neurologist to r/o
especially in the feels any
mouthguard to possible hemorrhages
cerebellum, leading headache or
reduce risk of and other injuries.
to alterations in dizziness, if
mandibular
smooth, coordinated there is blurred
and dental
movements, vision or Inform immediate
injuries.
equilibrium, and sensitivity to the relatives, friends or
posture. light, if there is persons that stays c the
tinnitus; if he Properly fitted pt about current status.
knows who he and Note for any decrease in
Countercoup Injury maintained
is, where he is, level of consciousness,
-If the head is hard shell
what happened worsening of symptoms
moving and strikes helmets in
to him and what such as headache,
an unyielding object, sports that
date it is. nausea, disturbance of
such as the ground, require
2. And then if pt sleep, slurring of speech,
maximum brain athletes to use
did not lose mood swings,
injury is usually one to prevent
consciousness inappropriate emotions,
sustained in an area risk of
or not personality changes and
opposite the site of concussion.
presenting any fatigue. If symptoms are
impact.
neurologic seen, immediately rush
-Result of impact
signs or pt to hospital.
deceleration.
symptoms, and
- Injury occurs on
is not sensitive
the side of the head
to light, PT will
opposite to that
check his CN II
receiving the blow,
and III function
because the head is
by using pen
accelerating before
light and finger
impact, which
tracking. If CN II
squeezes the
and III are
cerebrospinal fluid intact, PT will
away from the ask pt to
trailing edge (the supinate-
side away from the pronate his (B)
impact). The fluid forearms. If pt
moves toward the was able to do
impact side, thereby that smoothly
thickening the and no signs or
cerebrospinal fluid symptoms of
and offering a being
cushioning effect at disoriented or
the point of impact. unsteady, PT
Because of the lack can now ask if
of cushioning on the pt can do long-
trailing edge, sitting. If yes,
greater injury is PT would have
likely to occur to the to assist the pt
brain on the side upon doing this
opposite the impact position.
-most susceptible to 3.Upon doing
damage include the long-sitting
temporal lobes, position, PTs
anterior frontal lobe, one hand is at
posterior occipital the back of the
lobe and upper pt to assist him
portion of the in doing long
midbrain. sitting position.
Then after
Simple Concussions positioning him,
-injury resolves over ask pt if he
7-10 days without feels any
complications. headache,
-No dizziness and if
neurophysiological he is ok. If pt
screening but said he is ok,
mental status is part ask pt to look at
of the assessment.. PTs finger and
follow it with his
eyes. If he was
Complex
able to do it
Concussions
smoothly, ask pt
-Persistent
to supinate-
symptoms and
pronate his (B)
specific sequelae
forearms. If he
occur.
was able to do
-People with more
it smoothly, ask
than one
pt to put his
concussion.
finger on PTs
-Neurophysiological
finger then put it
testing does play a
to his nose. If
role.
he was able to
do all the
Gr. I concussion coordination
-Patient is slightly tests, ask pt if
confused and may he can stand
have a dazed look. up. And if pt
-Patient is answered yes,
completely lucid assist pt to
within 5 to 15 stand up.
minutes; has no 4. During
amnesia, sequelae, standing,
or residual observe pts
symptoms; and has body sway, if pt
had no loss of is stable when
consciousness. standing, check
-Some people refer for balance and
to it as bell rung. coordination by
performing
Gr. II concussion tandem walking
-Slight confusion; or
posttraumatic perturbations. If
amnesia for less pt is able to
than 30 mins; mild stabilize
tinnitus, mild himself,
dizziness, dull observe for gait
headache with deviations.
some disorientation. Once cleared
-May develop into from the field,
postconcussion PT continues
syndrome which is a assessing pt for
continual further
neurological symptoms like
problems after the consciousness
concussion that may level,
last from several awareness,
weeks to several memory. Check
years. again for new
symptoms like
dizziness,
Gr. III concussion
nausea, double
-moderate
vision, slurred
confusion,
speech and
posttraumatic
personality
amnesia for less
changes.
than 30 mins,
retrograde amnesia,
moderate tinnitus,
moderate dizziness,
headache,
moderate
disorientation and
unsteadiness
-may also develop
into postconcussion
syndrome.

Gr IV concussion
-Patient loses
consciousness for 5
minutes or less;
subtle changes in
the patients
personality and
memory function;
both retrograde and
posttraumatic
amnesia (>30 mins)
are evident.
-Severe tinnitus,
severe dizziness;
residual headaches
and are unsteady
 for 5 to 10 minutes
after regaining
consciousness.

Gr. V concussion
-Patient has
experienced a
paralytic coma or
unconsciousness for
5 minutes or longer;
posttraumatic
amnesia for greater
than 24 hrs; exhibits
retrograde amnesia.
-Involves bruising of
the brain, severe
tinnitus,
unsteadiness for
longer than 10
minutes, blurred
vision, poor light
accommodation
and a headache that
feels different from
most headaches.
-Autonomic and
peripheral nervous
system are affected;
experience nausea,
vomiting and
sometimes
convulsions.

Heat Heat exhaustion is Crushed Water Give resting Put your athlete to a
Exhaust a heat related ice, water, depletion: inc periods and cool & shaded area,
ion illness that can electrolytes temp, water/electroly loosen tight clothing (ask
(Water/ occur after like tachycardia, te, monitor the for permission first), ask
Salt prolonged exposure gatorade, tachypnea, color of your pt if he or she is thirsty,
depletio to high temperature fan, BP excessive thirst, urine: urine experiencing heada he
n) accompanied c apparatus headache, should be (water depletion) or
dehydration. Water general lemony yellow experiencing mm
depletion- failure to weakness, ( 2.5 for cramps, nausea, wanted
consume adequate vomiting, dry Female & 3.5 to vomit (salt depletion),
amount of water lips, skin turgor, for Male), the give water if pt is
during hot weather pale skin darker your experiencing watr
where in core body Salt depletion: urine, the less depletion & electrolyte if
temperature rises to inc temp, hydrated you pt is experiencing salt
40C. Salt depletion tachycardia, are, your depletion, check skin
occurs in people tachypnea, mm athlete should temperature through
that replace the fluid cramps, be properly touch, Inroduce cold
lost yet fails to nausea, hydrated for 6 sensation first by letting
replace salt lost. vomiting, days, drink 8 pt hold the crushed ice
Core body general ounces of for proper dissipation of
temperature also weakness, dry water every heat then put crushed
rises to 40C. lips, skin turgor, day, be aware ice on areas c lymph
pale cold skin of heavy nodes like armpit, neck
sweaters, etc. If pt can tolerate cold
weigh yourself sensation, check for
 a & p activity other vital signs such as
to monitor pulse rate, respiratory
water loss. rate & BP.

Eye Eye irritation is a Eye drops, Allergens and Proper 1. Remove Foreign Make sure to
irritation general term used water bottle, Irritants protection and Body - Don't try to bring the
to describe basin, (Allergic alertness remove a large object or patient to a
sensations that cotton buds, conjunctivitis) during one that is deeply stuck safe and
bother the eyes, like bandage, Common S/Sx: activities to in the eye. For small cleared
dryness, itchiness, cups or any Itching, prevent particles or something environment,
burning and hollow watering, mishaps and under the upper eyelid: especially
grittiness. object, tape swelling, and accidents and away from the
Irritation may be redness immediate Clean venue of
associated with: Infections (pink facial wash in around the eye activities.
eye) the nearest with a wet
Allergens and Common S/Sx: available sink. washcloth if
Irritants (Allergic Sticky or ropy Using proper there are many
conjunctivitis) discharge and eyewear or particles.
- Inflammation crusty eyelids. protection. Rinse
of the membrane Red, watery Avoidance of the eye with a
that covers the eyes, pain, objects or food saline solution
white part of the sensitivity to that may or clean water.
eyes. light, blurred cause allergic Or place the
Infections (pink eye) vision, and reactions. affected side of
- Form of feeling that the face in a
conjunctivitis something is pan of water;
caused by a virus or stuck in your then have the
bacteria. eyes. May person open
- May be due initially start in and close the
to extended-wear one eye then eye repeatedly
contacts and using spread to the to wash it out.
old makeup (yours other (may The water
or borrowed) infect other should flow
Medical Conditions people). from the medial
- Health Medical side of the eye
problems like Conditions towards the
rheumatoid arthritis Common S/Sx: lateral side.
and Sjogrens Always feeling
syndrome can that something For something in the
cause dry eyes and is in the eye, corner of the eye or
may progress to eyelids or under the lower lid:
serious eye lashes that
problems crust over, If the
- Bacteria or a eyelashes that object is under
form of dandruff grow in wrong the lid, pull
may cause directions, down the skin
blepharitis, a flakes at the above the
chronic condition base of your cheek bone.
that involves lashes, redness Remov
inflammation of the and itching e the item with
eyelids. the corner of a
- Blocked tear damp cloth or
duct - eyes moistened
drainage system for cotton swab.
tears is either
partially or
2. When something is
completely
lodged in the eye (i.e.
obstructed. Tears
stick or blade)
cannot drain
normally, causing a
Clear
watery, irritated or
the blood
chronically infected
eye. around the eye,
- Chalazia and be careful not to
Styes (Chalazion hit the lodged
oil producing gland item
in the eyelid called Use a
meibomian gland hollow object
becomes enlarged and tape as
and the gland cover so as to
opening is clogged; secure the
Stye red, sore lodged item in
lump near edge of place.
eyelid due to an Bring
infected eyelash to the nearest
folliced) clinic or
- Corneal hospital.
abrasion - scratch or
scrape on the 3. Allergy
cornea, the clear,
round dome Ask
covering the eye's the patient
iris and pupil. By whether he/she
helping to focus light has already a
as it enters the eye, prescripted eye
the cornea plays an drop or
important role in medications
vision. When a If
corneal abrasion none, make
scars the cornea, it sure to ask the
can affect vision. patient first
- Fungal whether he/she
Keratitis - infection is allergic or
of the cornea (the has had
clear, round dome negative
covering the eye's systemic
iris and pupil) that reactions to the
causes pain, eye drops or
reduced vision, light medication you
sensitivity and will give.
tearing or discharge Obser
from your eye. ve the patient
Resulting from for at least >30
infection from minutes to
contact lens use or ensure no
from injury to the delayed
eye, fungal keratitis reactions or
usually develops worsening of
very quickly, and if condition.
left untreated, can
cause blindness. 4. Chemical exposure
There are many
different fungi that Immed
can infect the iately prepare
cornea such as basin or go to
Fusarium, nearest sink.
Aspergillus or Make
Candida. sure to have the
patient
open/close
his/her eyes
when
 submerged in
water.
Ask
patient whether
the symptoms
had lessened, if
not, repeat the
procedure
again. It is
important that
the chemical is
washed away
first as it may
continue to
damage the
organ as
exposure is
prolonged.
Bring
to the nearest
clinic or hospital
if irritation
persists.

5. See a Health Care

Provider

Get medical help if the

person:

Still
feels like there's
something in
the eye
Has
abnormal
sensation or
pain or has
changes in
vision
Contin
ues tearing
after you wash
out the eye
Has a
cloudy spot on
the cornea

Hypergl Hyperglycemia 1. Blood Pt will present 1. Set up a 1. Put pt in a comfortable

ycemia refers to a condition glucose these sx: regular position.
that results in high monitoring exercise 2. Observe and assess
blood glucose kit 1. Increased schedule to symptoms
levels. thirst control blood 3. Check blood glucose
2. Insulin 2. Frequent sugar level.
It is considered need to urinate 4. Let pt drink plenty of
hyperglycemic 3. Difficulty 2. Avoid eating water to help flush out
3. Water
between 100 and concentrating too much excess sugar from
system.
 126 mg/dL, while 4. Blurred vision carbohydrates
anything above 126 5. Headaches or anything *If diabetic: insulin
mg/dL is considered 6. Fatigue sugary. Follow injection
diabetic. 7. Weight loss a meal plan.
*Dont give sugars and
Most common carbohydrates
3. For
causes:
diabetics, do
not forget or
1. Too much skip
carbohydrates in the medications.
diet, such as bread,
rice, and sweets,
among other
2. Decreased
exercise than
normal
3.forgetting to take
insulin or glucose-
lowering
medications

Hypogly Hypoglycemia 1. Blood Pt will present 1. Monitor 1. Put pt in a comfortable

cemia refers to low blood glucose these sx: blood sugar position.
glucose levels that monitoring 1. Sweating regularly 2. Observe and assess
drop below 70 kit 2. Rapid pulse 2. Follow the symptoms
mg/dL. 2. Glucagon 3. Shakiness, recommended 3. Check blood glucose
stick/ kit dizziness, diet. level.
The most common weakness 3. Keep candy 4. Give rapidly absorbed
causes: 3. Sweets 4. Decreased or instant carbohydrate. Any one of
(candies, coordination glucose tablets the following:
fruit juice) 5. Difficulty in pocket fruit
1. High dose of
concentrating 4. Eat carbs juice (1/2 to 3/4
insulin,
6. Blurred vision within 10 mins glass or 125--
2. too much
7. Headache before 200 ml)
exercise, or
8. Trouble exercise sugar-
3. not enough food
performing (glucose and containing soft
4. alcohol
routine tasks carbo drink (1/2 to 3/4
concentration can or 125-200
peak 20-40 ml)
mins after glucos
eating) e tablets
5. Eat small equivalent to
meals/ snacks 10-15 (two to
not more than three tablets)
3-4 hours sugar,
apart honey,
sweetened
condensed milk
or jam (two or
three
teaspoons)
jelly
beans (four
large or seven
small).
Repea
t this treatment
if there has
been no
response within
 10 to 15
minutes.

5. Follow up by giving
slowly absorbed
carbohydrate (biscuits,
sandwich, slice of fruit)

*If diabetic: inject

glucagon

Asthma Asthma is a chronic Inhaler(can 1. 1. 1. Remov Remember to

lung disease that be with As A e player from be calm to
inflames and spacer; e.g sess sk source /trigger avoid adding
narrows the Albuterol), for playe of asthma if stress to the
airways. Asthma Medications possibl rs there is one player
causes recurring (Montelukas e about present
periods of t), irritant/ their 2. Place
wheezing, chest stethoscope trigger trigge pt in an area
tightness, shortness , BP app, 2. rs where there is
of breath, and pulse As and free access to
coughing occurring oximeter sess medic clean air and
at night or early in breathi ations remove all
the morning. ng; 2. constricting
check H garments or
Common triggers: for ave items
E wheezi playe 3. Positio
xercise ng and rs n pt in a
P shortn meds comfortable
ollen ess of and position
D breath inhale 4. Give
ust and 3. r at quick relief by
mites C hand using inhaler,
E heck durin about 2-4 puffs
xtreme vital g every 5 minutes
temperatur signs game 5. Teach
e (blood s player to take
St pressu 3. slow and deep
ress re, A breaths. Help
S heart dvise player to calm
moke and rate, playe down by
smog respira r to communicating
ot tory avoid in a comforting
her rate) know but firm
associated and n manner.
disease oxyge trigge 6. If
(sinusitis n rs symptoms do
and allergic saturat 4. not resolve or
rhinitis) ion If worsen,
4. possi continue
C ble administering
Status asthmaticus
heck ask quick relief and
is a more severe
for playe call for
form of asthma, and
associ r to emergency
 necessitate ated monit services
emergency antece or
attention. dent activit
diseas ies
Symptoms: es (e.g and
C allergic consu
yanosis rhinitis mptio
C ) n to
hest pain identif
U y
nrelieved allerg
SOB ens if
G unkn
asping for own
air
co
ntinuous
coughing

Allergie An allergy starts Antihistamin 1. Assess for 1. Avoid known 1. Take Honey can be
s when an immune e breathing triggers. For the pt away from used if there
system mistakes a medication, pattern: Check instance, when the allergens. is no
normally harmless calmoseptin if there is an athlete is 2. After corticosteroid
substance for a e, BP App, obstruction of allergic to the assessment, cream
dangerous invader. pulse airway. grass, inform ask first the player if available in
The immune system oximeter, 2. Skin the he/she is allergic to the area.
then produces stethoscope assessment. coordinators of oral medication Epipen
antibodies that , tweezers, Check if there is the game before taking anti- injection
remain on the alert crushed ice rashes beforehand so histamine drug. should be
for that particular 3. Assess that they can 3. For done by
allergen. When Vital signs: make proper allergic rhinitis, PT medical
exposed to the Check BP to actions for this should know professionals.
allergen again, determine if (change of beforehand the Assess first
these antibodies there is a venue, away location of athletes before calling
can release a decrease in from the nasal spray. 117. There are
number of immune BP grass) 4. If there cases that the
system chemicals, anaphylaxis is rashes and pt condition is
such as histamine, Check pulse 2. When trying swelling, apply ice manageable,
that cause allergy rate. to identify what on the area for 5 and that there
symptoms. causes or mins and is no need for
Common allergy worsens calmoseptine after. emergency
triggers include: allergic 5. If the call.
Airborne allergens symptoms of cause of allergic
(such as pollen, an athlete, reaction is a bee
animal dander, dust advise him to sting, by using
mites and mold), track activities tweezers, remove
Certain foods and what he the stinger in a
(peanuts, tree nuts, eats, when brushing motion to
wheat, soy, fish, symptoms avoid releasing
shellfish, eggs and occur and venom into the
milk), Insect stings what seems to body. Then wash
(bee stings or wasp help. This may the area with soap
stings), Medications help the PT and water, and ice
(penicillin or and doctor for swelling. OTC
penicillin-based identify acetaminophen may
antibiotics), Latex or triggers. be taken for pain
other substances
you touch, which
3. Always
can cause allergic
remind an
skin reactions.
allergic athlete
S/Sx of Allergy: to bring his/her
inhaler, or
Hay fever, also Epipen (if
called allergic prone to
rhinitis, may cause: anaphylaxis).

S
4. If a player
neezing
has medical
Itc
alert bracelet,
hing of the
remind him/her
nose, eyes or
to always wear
roof of the
it. a medical
mouth
alert bracelet
R
(or necklace)
unny, stuffy
lets others
nose
know that
W
he/she have a
atery, red or
serious allergy
swollen eyes
in case there
(conjunctivitis)
is a reaction
A food allergy may and he/ she is
cause: unable to
communicate.
Ti
ngling mouth
S
welling of the
lips, tongue,
face or throat
Hi
ves
A
naphylaxis

An insect sting
allergy may cause:

A
large area of
swelling
(edema) at the
sting site
Itc
hing or hives all
over your body
C
ough, chest
tightness,
wheezing or
shortness of
breath
A
naphylaxis

A drug allergy may

cause:

Hi
ves
Itc
 hy skin
R
ash
F
acial swelling
W
heezing
A
naphylaxis

Atopic dermatitis, an
allergic skin
condition also called
eczema, may cause
skin to:

Itc
h
R
edden
Fl
ake or peel

A
naphylaxis:
severe, whole-
body allergic
reaction to a
chemical that has
become an
allergen.

S/sx of Anaphylaxis

Loss of
consciousness
A drop in
blood pressure
Severe
shortness of
breath
Skin rash
Lightheade
dness
A rapid,
weak pulse
Nausea
and vomiting

Hyperv Hyperventilation is Brown Presentation of 1.Try different 1. Instruct the patient to

entilatio defined as breathing paper bag a patient relaxation stay calm. If possible,
n in excess of the experiencing techniques choose a quiet area for
metabolic needs of hyperventilation and see what instruction in which you
the body, eliminating : works best for can interact with the
more carbon dioxide Rapid deep you like yoga, patient with minimal
than is produced, breathing tai chi and distractions.
and, consequently, pattern meditation. 2. Have the patient
resulting in Sweating 2. Talk to assume a comfortable,
respiratory alkalosis Nausea or friends, family relaxed position. Initially,
 and an elevated feeling of members, or a a semi fowlers position
blood pH. vomiting counselor to with the head and trunk
Hyperventilation is a help you elevated approximately
condition in which Check if relieve anxiety. 45o, is desirable. By
you suddenly start patient 3. Keep a supporting the head and
to breathe very experience: journal to help trunk, flexing the hips
quickly Chest pain you focus on and kness, and
Dizziness your problems supporting the legs with
Palpitation and find a pillow, the abdominal
Weakness/ workable muscles remain relaxed.
Paresthesi solutions. Other positions, such as
a 4. Eat a supine, sitting, or
Numbness/ healthy mix of standing, may be used.
Tingling foods. Watch 3. Loosen the patient
sensation out for caffeine clothing. Tight belts and
of the drink less waistbands, girdles,
mouth and coffee, tea, bras, and skintight jeans
hands and soda, and can all restrict breathing
Shortness do not eat as and cause shallow,
of breath much upper-chest breathing.
Confusion chocolate. 4. Pursed lip breathing:
Agitation 5. Exercise a.Have the patient
Muscle like walking, breathe in slowly and
spasm of running and deeply through the nose
the hands bicycling. and then breathe out
or feet Regular gently through lightly
Muscle aerobic pursed lips as if blowing
twitching exercise on and bending the
Blurred forces you to flame of a candle but not
vision take full blowing it out.
breaths and b.Explain to the patient
helps you to that expiration must be
Assess for:
reduce anxiety relaxed and that
Pounding
that contraction of the
or racing
contributes to abdominals must be
heartbeat
hyperventilatio avoided.
(>100bpm)
n. c. Place your hand over
Respiratory
6. Make sure the patient abdominal
rate
you get a good muscle to detect any
(>20cpm)
night's sleep. contraction of the
Being rested abdominals.
may help 5. Using a paper bag
reduce Open up a brown paper
daytime bag. Loosely, cover the
anxiety. patient nose and mouth
with it. Breathe in and
out slowly into the bag.
Do it for 10 times. Then
set aside the bag and
breathe normally for a
couple of minutes.
6. If the patient
symptoms does not
resolve call for
emergency and take the
patient to the nearest
hospital.

Hypove Hypoventilation is a Presentation of 1. Be 1.Prepare the patient in

ntilation state in which a Oxycan hypoventilation: physically a relaxed and
reduced amount of Deep shallow active. Make comfortable position in
air enters the alveoli breathing personal and which gravity assists the
in the lungs, Pallor family time as diaphragm.
resulting in Breathlessness active as 2. Start instruction by
decreased levels of Weakness of possible. Find teaching the patient how
oxygen and diaphragm activities that to relax the accessory
increased levels of muscle everyone will muscles (shoulder rolls
carbon dioxide in enjoy. For or shoulder shrugs
the blood. Check if patient example, go coupled with relaxation).
Hypoventilation can experience: for a brisk 3. Deep Diaphragmatic
be due to breathing Headaches walk, bike or breathing:
that is too shallow or Fainting rollerblade, or a. Direct the patient
too slow, or to Obtunded train together to allow the
diminished lung Dyspnea at rest for a walk or abdomen to retract
function. Bluish run. gradually during
coloration of the exhalation or by
skin caused by contracting
lack of oxygen abdominal muscles
Daytime actively. b.And direct
drowsiness the patient to
Fatigue protract the
Lethargy abdomen gradually
Swelling of the during inhalation.
ankles c. Place your hand
Waking up from on the abdomen of
sleep unrested the patient. Ask the
Waking up patient to breathe in
many times at slowly and deeply
night through the nose.
d. Have the patient
keep the shoulders
relaxed and upper
chest quiet, allowing
the abdomen to rise
slightly. Then tell the
patient to relax and
exhale slowly
through the mouth.
e. Have the patient
practice this 3 or 4
times and then rest.
Do not allow the
patient to
hyperventilate.
If the patient is
having difficulty
using deep
diaphragm during
inspiration, have the
patient inhale
several times in
succession through
the nose by using
sniffing action. This
action usually
facilitates the
diaphragm.

4. Glossopharyngeal
breathing
a. Instruct the
patient to perform
gulp of air, usually
6-10 gulps in series,
to put air into the
lungs when action of
the inspiration
muscles is
inadequate.
After the patient
takes several gulps
of air, the mouth is
closed.
b. The tongue
pushes the air back
and traps it in the
pharynx.
The air is then
forced into the lungs
when the glottis is
opened.
c. This increases the
depth of the
inspiration and the
patients inspiratory
and vital capacities.