THC PHM V NHU CU DINH DNG CHO CC I TNG KHC NHAU

Dinh dng cho tr em trn mt tui v thanh thiu nin.................................................................................1

Dinh dng cho cc i tng lao ng...........................................................................................................1
Dinh dng cho cng nhn...........................................................................................................................1
Dinh dng cho ngi lao ng tr c..............................................................................................................2
Dinh dng tui gi.......................................................................................................................................2
Dinh dng trong bnh tng huyt p...............................................................................................................3
NGI HUYT P THP.............................................................................................................................4
Ch dinh dng...................................................................................................................................4
BNH TIM MCH..........................................................................................................................................6
NGI AU D DY...................................................................................................................................8
B SI CANXI.................................................................................................................................................9
BNH GOUT.................................................................................................................................................11
BNH LONG XNG...............................................................................................................................12
Li khuyn dinh dng...........................................................................................................................12
Cc loi u v ht nguyn cm (u ph, sa u nnh, go lt, )................................................12
B sung thm Beta-carotene, vitamin C, Mg, ....................................................................................13
B sung hormone estrogen (qua thc n hoc cc thc phm chc nng)..........................................13
Dinh dng trong bnh i tho ng..........................................................................................................14

Dinh dng cho tr em trn mt tui v thanh thiu nin

1. Nhu cu cc cht dinh dng

Bng nhu cu khuyn ngh
2. Ch n v nguyn tc xy dng thc n

T chc dinh dng hp l i hi chp hnh ch n nht nh: tr em trn 1,5 tui nn n mi ngy 4 ln
nhng khong thi gian nht nh. Khong cch gia cc ba n thng vo khong 4 gi. Phn phi tng
ba n thng b tr nh sau:

Ba sng 25% tng s nng lng

Ba tra 40%
Ba chiu 15%
Ba ti 25%
Dinh dng cho cc i tng lao ng

Dinh dng cho cng nhn

Phn loi lao ng

Ty theo cng lao ng, nhu cu nng lng ca cc loi lao ng nh sau:
Lao ng nh 2200 - 2400 Kcal

Lao ng nng va 2600 - 2800 Kcal

 Lao ng nng loi B 3000 - 3200 Kcal

Lao ng nng loi A 3400 - 3600 Kcal

Lao ng nng c bit 3800 - 4000 Kcal

Nhu cu cc cht dinh dng

- Protein: khu phn ngi lao ng cn c t l t 10 - 15% nng lng do
protein. Lng protein n vo cng cao khi lao ng cng nng. Lng protein ng vt
nn chim 60% tng s protein.
- Lipid v carbohydrate: khi lao ng nng, lipid b phn hy nhiu v qu trnh
hnh thnh lipid t carbohydrate trong c th b hn ch. Cc biu hin r rt ca tch
cha lipid tha thng khng c nhng ngi lao ng chn tay.
- Vitamin v cht khong: cc vitamin tan trong cht bo khng thay i theo cng lao ng,
tiu chun nh ngi trng thnh. Cc vitamin tan trong nc thay i ty theo cu trc ba n. Lng
tha vitamin khng nh hng g n nng sut lao ng ca ngi cng nhn. Cc nhu cu v cht khong
ni chung ging nhau cho cc i tng lao ng (nh ngi trng thnh). Thc hin ch n ba ba
hoc bn ba.
Dinh dng cho ngi lao ng tr c

Nhu cu nng lng

Nhu cu nng lng thuc loi lao ng nh, lao ng vn phng, khong 2200 - 2400 Kcal/ngy.
Trong khu phn ngi lao ng tr c v tnh ti nn hn ch lipid v carbohydrate. Nhiu ti liu khng
nh nh hng ca lng lipid tha i vi hnh thnh x va ng mch sm i vi ngi lao ng chn
tay. Carbohydrate, c bit cc loi c phn t thp l thnh phn th hai nn hn ch ngi t lao ng.
Hn ch cc loi bt c t l xay xt cao, ng v cc loi thc phm giu ng.
Nhu cu protein cn cao v lng protein ng vt khng di 60% tng s protein, m bo tnh cn i b
ba: methionine + cystine, tryptophane v lysine.
Dinh dng tui gi

Nhu cu nng lng

Nhu cu nng lng theo cch tnh ca FAO cho ngi trn 60 tui khong 1800 - 1900 Kcal/ngy
(n) v 2300 Kcal/ngy (nam).
Protein:
Hn ch lng protein i vi ngi ln tui v lng tha ca chng d gy hnh thnh v pht trin x va
ng mch. Hn ch s dng ngun protein ng vt nh tht v s dng ch yu cc ch n sa,
protein thc vt. T l protein ng vt v thc vt khng qu 1 ( 1 ).
Nhu cu lipid
Nn s dng cht bo c ho lng thp, cc du thc vt giu cc acid bo cha no v cn phi hp vi
vitamin E phng cc bin i da v x va ng mch
Nhu cu carbohydrate
T l gia protein, lipid v carbohydrate nn thay i v pha h thp lipid v carbohydrate. T l
c th chp nhn l 1:0.8:3
Nhu cu carbohydrate
Mt lng tha carbohydrate d ng ho gy tng cholesterol v tc dng khng tt ti tnh trng v chc
phn ca h vi sinh vt ng rut. Cc loi rau ti cn l ngun acid tartaric v fitonxit. Acid tartaric c
tc dng c ch cc qu trnh chuyn ho carbohydrate v lipid trong c th. Cc fitonxit ngoi tc dng tit
trng cn iu ho h vi khun ng rut, c bit n chc phn tng hp ca chng v c ch cc vi
khun gy thi.
Cc vitamin C v vitamin PP c vai tr nht nh trong duy tr tnh trng bnh thng ca cc mch mu.
Vitamin C cn iu ho chuyn ho cholesterol, tng tnh phn ng ca c th v nh hng tt n chc
phn ca tuyn ni tit v c quan tiu ho. Cn cung cp y v cn i cc vitamin cn thit B1, B2, B6
v vitamin A.
Dinh dng trong bnh tng huyt p

Nguyn tc dinh dng trong iu tr tng huyt p

t Natri. ngi bnh thng lng mui n khng nn qu 6gam/ngy, ngi tng huyt p ch nn n
mi ngy khong 4-5gam. Tng huyt p ngi tr khng r nguyn nhn, tng huyt p c bin chng tim
v ph nhiu th cn hn ch mui tuyt i.
Giu Kali da trn tiu th nhiu rau qu giu Kali
Hn ch cc thc ung c tc dng kch thch thn kinh v tm thn nh ru, c ph, nc ch c. Khng
nn dng cc loi gia v nh t, ht tiu hay ht thuc l.. . Tng s dng cc thc n c tc dng an thn.
Protid : nn gi mc 50 - 60 gam/ngy. Ch dng nhiu protein thc vt nh u , u nnh.
Lipid: gim, nn khong 25 gam/ ngy. Nn dng du thc vt, cc ht c du, hn ch m.
Glucid: ch nn 300 - 350 gam/ ngy. Ch s dng glucid ca ng cc v khoai c. Hn ch cc loi ng
d hp thu. Hn ch n ko ngt. Tng cht x.
Vitamin: vitamin c bit l vitamin C, E, caroten.
Nc: dng va phi : nc lc, nc hoa qu l tt nht. Nc ch phi pha long. Khng c ung c
ph.
T l phn trm nng lng ca cc cht sinh nhit : Protein 12%; Lipid 12%; Glucid 76%.
Thc n nn dng
+ Dng cc thc n nh ngi bnh thng. Tng s dng ngun protein t u. Ngun calo t go,
khoai ty, khoai lang...
+ Dng nhiu loi thc n giu Kali ( xem bng) : ch yu rau qu, khoai ty, cc loi u.
+ Tng cc thc n c tc dng an thn nh sen, l vng.
+ Dng du thc vt v cc loi ht c du nh: u phng, m.
+ Yaourt v sa u nnh l nhng thc n rt tt.
+ Dng tht, c, gia cm t m.
+ Dng nhiu cc loi hi sn : c, tm, cua...
+ Trng : ch nn n 2 qu / 1 tun. Ch nn ch bin dng hp, luc chn.
Thc n khng nn dng
+ Tht nhiu m, nc dng tht, c m c, cc loi ph tng ( no, tim, gan, thn, lng...)
+ Nc ch c, c ph, ru, thuc l.
+ Cc thc n mui mn ( da, c, mm, c kh mn)
+ Cc loi ng, mt, bnh, mt, ko.
 + Cc loi m b, heo.
Mu thc n cho bnh tng huyt p
Gi n Mn n
6gi 30 n 7 gi Sa u nnh 200ml ( u nnh 20g, ng 10g)
Cm 200g
11 gi Canh b xanh ( b xanh 200g)
Tm rang ( 50g)
14 gi Nc chanh 250ml (chanh 1 qu, ng 15g)
Cm 200g
u khun rn ( u 100g, du 10g)
18 gi
Nm rau ( rau 300g, u phng & m40g, dm, ti, rau thm)
Nc rau luc 200ml

Hiu qu dinh dng ca thc n:

Protein 60g Nng lng 2000Kcal Caloprotein 12%

Lipid 25g NaCl 5g CaloLipid 12%
Glucid 350g X 30 - 40 g CaloGlucid 76%

y l ch n rt gn ging vi ba n bnh thng, ch hn ch cc thc n qu nhiu mui

nh c mm, nc mm,nc tng, da mui mn,c mui mn, tht hp.

NGI HUYT P THP

Ch dinh dng
a) Nn
n cc ba, c bit ba sng rt quan trng. Cc chuyn gia khuyn nn n sng vi nhng thc
phm tt cho tim mch v cc loi nc hoa qu p (nn thm mt it mui) s gip mu lu thng d
dng hn.
Bn cnh c ph v tr c cng c nhng ng gp rt tch cc i vi chng huyt p thp. Ung
mt cc tr gng pha vi nc m, mt cc c ph nng gip bn kp thi tng huyt p tr li. Bn c
th n mt cht gng v cc ch thnh phm t gng, gng ti c cha du d bay hi c th kch
thch s tit dch d dy, gy hng phn cho mch mu, thc y tiu ha, c tc dng kin t, thng
xuyn n gng ti c tc dng nht nh trong vic iu tr huyt p thp, trong ti vi vin ko hay
n ngt, gip bn chng chi vi tnh trng tt huyt p bt cht gia ng. Tuy nhin, khng nn
qu lm dng, s gy ra nhng nh hng xu.
Ngoi ra sa, mt ong, nc chanh pha ng v mui cng em li nhng tc dng ng k, dng
nc khong mn hng ngy cng tt. Sa ong cha l loi dinh dng cao cp, rt tt v b nhng
khng phi ai cng dng c. Trong sa ong cha c nhng cht lm gim co bp c tim, lm gin
ng mch huyt qun, c tc dng h huyt p. V trong sa ong cha cn c cht insulin, c th tng
cng tc dng ca cht insulin trong c th, lm tng phn ng h ng huyt nn thn trng.
 Nn n mn hn ngi bnh thng ( lng mui: 15-20g/ ngy), n nhng n c un nng, hn
ch n thc n mi ly ra t t lnh. Nu c b bnh tim cn tham kho kin bc s trc khi iu
chnh sang ch n ny.
Ch n nn gim cc loi thc phm giu carbon hydrate nh khoai ty, cm go v bnh m. Tng
lng rau qu, tht ln g v c trong ch n.
Ung lng nc l rt quan trng, bi l nu c th b thiu nc s d xy ra tnh trng b kh
nc. iu ny cng c bit quan trng hn trong khi ang luyn tp hoc hot ng, lm vic di
iu kin thi tit nng nng nn ung nc trong thnh phn c nhiu natri v kali.

n thnh nhiu ba nh. Thay v vic ch n 3 ba chnh nh thng thng, nn chia thnh nhiu ba
nh. Trong ch n ung thng ngy cn b sung thm cc loi thc phm c cha cc thnh phn
nh protein, st, vitamin C v tt c cc loi vitamin thuc nhm B rt c li nh nh tht nc, gan
ng vt, mc nh, nm hng kh, cn ty, rau ay, rau rn, qu lu, to
Khng nn
Trnh xa cc loi ung c cn. V s dng ung c cn gy mt nc trong c th.

Khng nn n qu nhiu cht b dng nh trng, tht m, sa bo trnh bo ph.

C rt: Do cha mui succinic nn n c th khin kali trong nc tiu tng ln, huyt p gim, do
nn trnh n nhiu.
C chua: C tc dng h huyt p, khin huyt p ca nhng ngi mc chng huyt p thp cng
thp hn, xut hin cc triu chng au u, hoa mt, chng mt, khng nn n nhiu.
To mo: C cng dng h huyt p.

Ht d nng, sa ong cha c tc dng gim huyt p, khng nn n.

Cc thc phm c tnh lnh nh rau bina, cn ty, da, da hu, u , u xanh, ti, to b, hnh ty,
ht hng dng u c tc dng h huyt p v th khng nn n.
2/ Ch ngh ngi v tp luyn

a. Nn
Bn nn ng gic, khong 9 -11 ting/ngy. Khi ng, mu s tp trung vo khu vc d dy
(gan, phi, l lch), xut hin tnh trng thiu mu no tm thi. V vy, bn khng nn dy t
ngt, c th b ngt i (bt tnh nhn s).Khi thc dy, cn phi nm thm mt lc, tp mt vi
ng tc th dc n gin (vn ng cc khp xng chn tay). Sau ngi dy, chn trn
ging, ri mi t t cho chn ra khi ging v vn tip tc ngi. Khi ng dy nn vn vo
gh, c ng nh th mt lc.
Hy c mt ch tp luyn hp l vi nhng mn th thao nh nhng nh i b, bi, th
dc nhp iu...Tp luyn thng xuyn v u n s gip c th bn khe mnh hn, hn
ch tnh trng hoa mt, chng mt.
b. Khng nn
 ng hoc ngi lu mt t th, khi ang ngi m mun ng ln, bn nn ng ln t t trnh b
hoa mt, chng mt.
Khng nn tm nc qu nng v n s lm cho nhit c th bn tng cao.
Nn trnh tro cao, ra nng gt hoc b lnh t ngt, nht l lc m khuya.

BNH TIM MCH

1. n thc n cng a dng cng tt cung cp y cht dinh dng cn thit cho c th
c bit nn n nhiu thc n t thc vt

Thc n hng ngy ca ngi cao tui cng a dng cng tt.Mt ch dinh dng tt l mi ba n
phi cung cp y cc cht dinh dng cn thit cho c th. Ch n y , a dng t thc n c
ngun gc thc vt. Tnh a dng ca khu phn n l li khuyn c chp nhn rng ri khp th gii.
2. n nhiu thc n cha protein, nn n nhiu c, lc, u, hn ch cc loi tht (heo, b)

i vi ngi cao tui, nn tng cng n c, tt nht nn n c xng c (hm cho mm d tiu) c
thm canxi, phng xp v long xng, b sung thm sinh t v mui khong. C l ngun cht m quan
trng rt c li cho sc khe bi chng iu ha lng cht bo trong c th, gim cholesterol mt cch
ng k nh hm lng ln axit bo bo ha omega -
Ngoi ra, axit omega 3 cn c tc dng ngn cn cc kt dnh tiu cu, t ngn nga nguy c ng
mu gy tc mch nguy him. Nn n nhiu u, lc, vng, khoai c: Tt nht nn n go lt v c th
thay th bng go do, khng mc v khng xt trng qu. Vic tiu ha, hp thu cc cht m i vi
ngi cao tui rt km nn vic n b sung cht bo, cht m t thc vt nh lc,u vng l rt quan
trng.. Cc loi u, c bit l u nnh c cha nhiu protein, vitamin, axit bo bo ha omega 3 v
cc loi khong chtc tc dng rt tt trong iu ha nhp tim, cn bng huyt p, duy tr cc ch s
n nh v ng huyt v hm lng cholesterol trong mu, t gip ngn nga v iu tr bnh tim
hiu qu. Ngun thc phm ny hon ton c th thay th cho tht trong khu phn n ca nhng
ngi b bnh tim mch.

Tht b, tht ln c kh nhiu c t lm cho c th i tng mt mi v bt gan, thn lm vic nhiu.

Nu n cc mn c ln cht bt v tht, nht l mn rn, hm l s kt hp kh tiu nht cho b my tiu
ha ca ngi cao tui. Mng li tun hon h thng gan ngi cao tui gim 40-45% so vi lc 25
tui, kh nng tiu ha ca t bo gan cng b gim. n nhiu tht trong ngy l mt s cng thng, mt
gnh nng qu ti, nht l i vi ngi cao tui b bnh tim mch.
3. Nn n nhiu cht x, rau ti, tri cy

Cht x tuy khng cung cp nhiu nng lng nhng li c vai tr khng th thiu trong vic chng to
bn, gim cholesterol mu lm trnh x va ng mch, i tho ng, bo ph Vic tiu th nhng
thc n giu cht x s lm gim nguy c ung th rut.
Chui cng nhiu loi hoa qu khc cha kh nhiu kali, y l mt loi khong cht c li, gip h huyt
p, duy tr n nh p lc dng mu v hot ng ca tim. Ngoi ra, chui cn cha cht x gip lm gim
hm lng cholesterol xu trong mu, l nguy c gy ra cc bnh v tim mch.
Rau xanh lun l mt thc phm khng th thiu trong ba n hng ngy gip ngn nga lo ha v phng
chng nhiu loi bnh. c bit cc loi ci s gip ci thin sc khe tim mch, chng cung cp cht
chng oxy ha, canxi v axit bo bo ha omega 3 c tc dng rt ln trong vic iu ha hot ng h
tim mch, ngn nga cc mng bm hnh thnh trong thnh ng mch, l nguy c gy ra cc bnh v tim
mch. Quan trng hn c, rau qu ti cn cung cp cc loi vitamin, cc yu t vi lng v cc cht chng
oxy ha-cc cht dinh dng m i tng cn b sung. Rau xanh cn l ngun cung cp cht x quan
trng.
Lng cht x trong rau khong 0,3-3,5% ty loi. Trong rau, cht xenlul lin kt vi cc cht pectin
to thnh mt phc hp kch thch mnh nhu ng rut v s tit dch rut.
Khuyn co chung ca cc chuyn gia dinh dng l nn n khong 20-35g cht x/ngy, tc tiu th ti
thiu 300g rau/ngy v n t nht 100g qu chn/ngy.
4. Ung va nc, khng ung ru bia v cc cht kch thch

Nhiu ngi cho rng ung cng nhiu nc cng tt v gip lc sch c th. Tht ra, quan nim ny
khng hn l ng, nht l vi ngi cao tui b bnh v tim. i vi mt ngi khe mnh, khi ung
nhiu nc, tim v thn phi tng hot ng thi bt nc ra ngoi, gi s cn bng trong c th.
Ngc li, i tng nghin cu, tim v thn, hai c quan ny khng cn hot ng tt nn nc s b
gi li trong c th gy triu chng kh th, ph, thm ch cn gy ra tnh trng "ng c nc", biu hin
qua triu chng l m, hn m. Ni chung, nn ung nc theo nhu cu c th, ngha l ch ung khi cm
thy kht. Nu bnh ca bn ch mc nh, vic hn ch ung nc l khng cn thit. Nhng trng
hp suy tim nng ch nn hn ch ung khong 1 lt nc mi ngy. Nn nh rng ung qu t nc cng
rt nguy him v c th gy tt huyt p, chong vng, chng mt.

Y hc chng minh vic nghin ru bia c nh hng rt xu i vi sc khe ni chung v bnh tim
mch ni ring. Cc nghin cu cho thy ung t hn 60ml ru nguyn cht (khong 680ml bia, 95ml
ru whiskey, 285ml ru vang) mi ngy khng nh hng xu i vi bnh tim mch. Ru vang
cn c tc dng tt i vi cholesterol mu. Nh vy, ngi bnh tim khng cn phi king c bia ru
tuyt i. Tuy nhin cn nhc li iu lun l nguyn tc quan trng nht gi gn sc khe. Ru bia
c th khng nh hng n bnh tim nhng li gy bnh d dy, bnh gan. Ngoi ra, c mt th bnh tim
c bit gi l bnh c tim do ru. Nu b bnh ny, bn phi king c ru bia hon ton.

5. Hn ch n mn, n t mui, hn ch cht bo

ngi bnh thng, c th t iu ha lng mui n trong mu bng cch gi li hoc thi ra ngoi
bng ng m hi hoc nc tiu. Nhng nu n nhiu mui trong mt thi gian nht nh, s d tha
mui s c hi cho tim, thn cng nh lm tng huyt p.
Mui n khng phi l nguyn nhn trc tip gy bnh nhng n li l tc nhn lm xut hin bnh, lm
trm trng thm qu trnh bnh l, lm tng cc bin chng nng n ca bnh. Lng mui n hng ngy
c thng nht ton cu l di 6g/ngy. i tng c th n theo cc ch :

6. Hn ch n cht ng, cht bt

ngi cao tui, s dung np cc cht ng, bt gim nhiu. Nhu cu v nng lng gim 30% so vi
tui 20. V vy, ngi cao tui nn n cc thc n cha tinh bt giu cht x nh bnh m en, ng cc
nguyn ht, khoai c cha t nng lng (khoai lang), chng khng t tin, lun sn c v l ngun
vitamin, khong cht v protein qu. Ngc li, ngi cao tui nn hn ch v gn nh khng nn n cc
loi ng ma, mt, bnh ko, nc ngt, nc tng lc.

7. Trnh cc thc n t ni tng ng vt

Nhng mn n t ni tng ng vt c cha lng cht bo bo ha v cholesterol cao hn so vi tht.
Nu s dng nhiu s lm tng m mu rt c hi.

NGI AU D DY

V mt n ung, chng ta cn theo 2 nguyn tc c bn:

- Trnh kch thch hot ng ca d dy
- Trnh nhng thc phm lm tng tit dch v hay lm gim pH d dy
2 nguyn tc ny cng ging vic mnh b 1 vt thng nu hot ng nhiu ch vt thng hoc thng
xuyn phi tip xc vi axit th vt thng ta s lu lnh hn. Chng ta s gii quyt tng vn :

u tin, nhng thc phm lm tng tit dch v hay lm gim pH d dy:
Chng ta t lu bit tn dng cc loi gia v lm mn n tr nn thm ngon v hp dn hn.
Nhng cng chnh nhng gia v ny c th lm cho cn au ca bn trm trng hn bn tng. Phn sau
y trnh by v mt s gia v thng dng cn trnh:
t, mt loi gia v rt quen thuc trong bp ca ngi Vit c bit l ngi min trung, c cha
capsaicin to nn v cay. Chnh cht ny kch thch d dy hot ng, tng tit dch v. Chanh c cha
axit xitric lm gim pH d dy. Tiu c 2 loi ankaloit c v cay hc lm cho tiu c v cay.
Bt ngt, v bn cht ca bt ngt l axitamin c tnh axit.
Bt c ri, v bt c ri c qu nhiu gia v trn ln khin cho d dy phi hot ng nhiu.
Vic b sung vitamin, khong.. bng tri cy c ng b ta ng dng t lu nhng i vi
ngi b au d dy th vic n tri cy c v chua cn hn ch nh cam, me, xoi xanh c bit, thm
(da, khm) l mt loi tri khng nn n trong thi gian ang cha bnh ny. Trong thm c cha enzym
phn gii protein gy lot rng vt thng, c v chua lm gim pH d dy ng thi n cn cha rt nhiu
cht x khng tan khin cho d dy phi hot ng nhiu.

Bn cnh , cc thc ung c gas cng lm gim pH d dy nh cc loi nc ngt c gas, vin
si..

Ta s chuyn sang nhng thc phm kch thch hot ng d dy:Tr c, c ph, ru bia v nhng
cht kch thch. Theo ng y, vic n cc thc phm c tnh hn mnh nh nghu s c hn m khng
n km vi cc thc phm c tnh nng s khin d dy hot ng rt vt v. n qu nhiu cc cht x
khng tan cng khin d dy hot ng nhiu.

Cc mn n nhiu du m s kch thch d dy hot ng , n cn c cha cc axit bo,peroxit do

du m b oxi ha trong qu trnh chin nu gy c cho d dy.

Mt s thc phm c cht c d dy:

Mng, sn (khoai m) c xyanua mt cht c i vi c th

Nm, trong bo t nm hay trong nhng cy nm non cng c nhiu cht c (phalin) i vi d
dy.

Vic n trng khi nu cha chn hay nu qu k u gy hi V trong lng trng trng sng c cht
antitrypsin chng li s tiu ha protein, c th gy y bng, kh tiu v nh hng n s tiu
ha cc cht protein c trong tht, c, sa. Nu nu trng chn qu k th n cng kh tiu, vy nn
chin (rn) hoc luc va chn ti l tt nht.

Mt s thc phm nn s dng:

Cc loi tri cy, rau qu c mu xanh m v chng c nhiu khong cht, vitamin,( A, C, K,
axit folic, st, v canxi) rt tt cho ngi b vim d dy do trong qu trnh king ta lm mt i mt lng
ln vitamin, khong..

Bp ci c nhiu mui khong, nht l canxi, photpho, kali, st. Lng vitamin C trong bp ci ch
thua c chua, nhiu gp 4,5 ln so vi c rt v 3,6 ln so vi khoai ty, hnh ty. Trong loi rau ny,
vitamin C kt hp sn vi vitamin P thnh phc hp PC. Vitamin C c vitamin P bo v khi b xy ha
nn c gi tr sinh hc cao hn thuc vitamin C. c bit, trong bp ci cn c cha vitamin U (ulcer) c
tc dng chng lot d dy.
 Nha t l hi (nha am) c tc dng kch thch tiu ha, nhun trng, ty x, dng cha
chng to bn, n cn gip c ch men pepsin v acid hydrochloric khng cho tit ra nhiu gy vim lot
d dy.

Ngh c cha cht khng vim v gip nhanh chng lnh vt thng nn y l loi thc phm rt
hay dng trong cha vim d dy.

Sa ong cha (c th dng mt ong), cht Patothenic trong sa ong cha c tc dng chng nhim
khun ng rut, chng vim v au bao t.

B SI CANXI

1. Hy ung nhiu nc

Khng cn bit vin si c th b thuc loi g, bin php hay nht ngn nga n l hy ung nhiu
nc. Lng nc nhiu trong c th s lm gim nng ca cc mui khong trong nc tiu v t
gim nguy c kt thnh tinh th (si) ca cc mui khong ny.

2. ng n thc phm c cht oxalate

Oxilate l mt gc axit c khuynh hng tc dng vi cc kim loi nh canxi v to ra si thn. Theo cc
nghin cu, a s cc vin si thn l s kt hp ca oxilate v canxi. Thng thng, cht ny sau khi
vo c th s c thi ra ngoi; n ch khng c loi b nu h thng bi tit oxilate c trc trc. Khi
, n s tc dng vi canxi v to nn si thn.

Trong trng hp ny, nn hn ch tiu th rau ci hoc tri cy cha oxilate nh bu, b, cc loi u, cn,
ng, t xanh, rau dn, nho, chocolate, tr, cc loi berries nh blueberries, strawberries... Ring nc tri
cranberries li c ngi ta dng nga bnh si thn. Tc dng ngn nga ny khng c l lun y hc
no kh d chng minh c, ngi ta ch da vo kinh nghim ca cc bc s m a ra gi thuyt ny
thi.

3. Cn thn vi canxi

Theo cc thng k ti mt s i hc y khoa, trn 90% cc vin si thn u c hnh thnh t canxi v
cc hp cht ca n.

iu ny khng c ngha l phi trnh n ung nhng thc phm c canxi (nh sa, b, ph mt) v cht
ny c ch cho xng (chng ta c th b chng khm lng hay rt ngi li trong tui gi nu thiu
canxi).

C th thiu canxi? iu ny tht kh bit. Ch bit rng khi l b mt vin si v bc s cho bit y
l si canxi th chng ta cn gim mc tiu th cht ny trnh vic hnh thnh mt vin si khc.

Ngoi sa v nhng thc phm c ch t sa, nn cn thn khi dng thuc tr bnh d dy hoc bnh
y hi (gi chung l thuc antacid). Nhiu thuc loi ny cha rt nhiu canxi.
Nn c k thnh phn cu to trn nhn hiu trc khi mua.

4. nh hng ca cc sinh t
C 2 loi sinh t rt hu ch cho bnh si thn l sinh t B6 v sinh t A. Sinh t B6 nu ung chng
10 mg mi ngy s c kh nng lm gim lng oxilate trong nc tiu.

Sinh t A c tc dng gi cho h thng bi tit nc tiu c iu ha chng li s thnh hnh ca si

thn. Lng sinh t A cn thit cho c th (RDA) l 5.000 IU mi ngy. C th ung thuc vin bn ti cc
tim thuc ty, hoc n nhiu sp l xanh, gan b v nhng tri cy hoc rau ci c mu cam nh c rt, b
, apricot...

Nu cc sinh t A v B6 c ch cho bnh nhn si thn th sinh t D v C li c hi. Nn trnh tiu th qu

400 IU sinh t D trong mt ngy. Sinh t C tuy t gy hi nhng cng ng nn ung qu 3 g mi ngy v
n c nh hng khng tt cho bnh si thn.
5. Hn ch n mui
C hn ch lng mui n vo khng qu 3 g mi ngy. Mui cng c nhiu trong cc loi da mui,
kim chi v ph mt. Khi n cc hp hoc cc loi "chip", nh xem k lng mui k khai trong bn
thnh phn cu to trn nhn hiu.

Thm vo trnh nhng loi thc phm c hm lng mui cao nh c, tm kh.

6. Hn ch n thc phm giu protein

Protein l thnh phn gip tng cng axt uric, canxi v oxalate cho c th ng thi lm gim lng
mui citrate (mt loi mui axt citric).
Ch n ung cha nhiu protein, c bit l protein trong tht, lun c s lin quan n pht trin bnh
si thn (m ng vt cha nhiu sulphua v to ra nhiu axt hn m thc vt).

Bc s Brian thuc i hc New York (M) sau nhiu cuc nghin cu cho bit: Gia vic n nhiu
protein v bnh si thn c mt mi lin h ht sc mt thit. Cc th nghim cho thy, vic n nhiu
protein c khuynh hng lm gia tng lng axit, canxi v pht pho trong nc tiu. Nhng cht ny d
to ra chng si thn.

Tuy nhin, cng ng ngh phi n chay trng. Mi ngy, chng ta vn c th n ti a chng 200g tht,
c.
7. Tng cng ung du c
Mt s bng chng cho thy loi axt bo omega 3 (c cha trong du c) c th lm gim nguy c mc
bnh si thn.
Axt bo omega-3 lm gim cc yu t gy ra chng vim l th phm lm tng nguy c hnh thnh si
thn.
Do vy, cn tng cng ung vin du c b tr khi thy c nhng triu chng ca bnh si thn.
8. Tng cng n thc phm giu cht x
Nhng thc phm giu cht x nh bnh m, tng, u lng, khoai lang, sn c cha rt nhiu hp
cht vi tn gi l phytate (hay cn gi l inositol hexaphosphate), cht ny gip ngn chn s kt tinh
mui trong thn tng i hiu nghim.

Ung nc chanh hng ngy gip ngn nga si thn tt. Mt nghin cu mi ca Trung Tm Si Thn
Tng Hp trng i hc California San cho bit. Dch chit ca qu chanh c th cung cp citrate, hot
cht c kh nng ho tan nhiu hp cht c khuynh hng kt ta thnh si thn.
9. Tng cng cc hot ng th thao
S hot ng v th dc nh c tc dng thu thp lng canxi trong mu v nc tiu tch t v
xng.

BNH GOUT

Li khuyn v ch n ung v tp luyn

- Hn ch thc n nhiu nhn purin nhm II v III:

 Bng 1 : Hm lng purin trong 100g thc n

Nhm I ( 0-15mg ) Nhm II ( 50-150mg ) Nhm III ( trn 150mg)

Cc loi tht : b, cu, ln, tht Ni tng ng vt nh c, gan

ng
Cc sn phm t sa nh: sa,
kem, sa chua, ph mai, trng
B
Tri cy khng qu chua
Rau c
Cc loi ht, ng cc
xng khi v xc xch
Nc luc tht
C, hi sn c v nh tm, cua,
Cc sn phm t tht ln men Trng
hu
c
Gia cm (g, vt, g ty, ngng)
Hi sn nh: s ip, c trch, c
Ng cc nguyn cm
thu, c hi, tm cng, tm hm,
Cc loi u c cm, c mi, nc
mm,
Cc loi rau: bng ci, ci
xon, rau bina, tri b Nm, Mng ty, Cacao, Chocolat

- Hn ch lng m, v nn s dng thc phm nhm I.

- Hn ch thc ung nh bia, c ph, tr, nc c cha caffein. Ru l thc ung c tc dng gim kh
nng bi xut acid uric qua thn hu qu ca tng lactat mu do ru, do nn b hn ru.
- Tch cc ung nhiu nc (2 3L/ngy), c bit l nc khong c kim cao gip tng cng
thi tit axit uric qua nc tiu.
- Cn trnh n nhng thc n chua nh nem chua, da hnh mui, canh chua, hoa qu chua... v
chnh nhng cht chua lm cho axit uric tng cng lng ng vo khp cp tnh.
- Trong trng hp bnh nhn b bo qu mc nn gim cn t t theo ch an ton, khng nn
gim cn qu nhanh. Tp th dc thng xuyn v duy tr trng lng c th khe mnh.
Thc n tham kho:
Tng nng lng a vo cho ngi nng 50kg : Tnh nng lng mc thp: 30Kcal 50kg =
1500Kcal
- m ( protein ) : 0,8g /kg = 40g =160Kcal = 11% tng nng lng S dng m t ngun trng , sa , pho
mt , lc.
- Bo ( lipid ) : 21% tng nng lng , tng ng vi 315 Kcal hay 25g cht bo . Dng m , b , du
thc vt.
- Bt, ng ( carbohydrat ) : 68% tng nng lng , tng ng vi 1020Kcal = 255g cht bt ng.
S dng cc glucid phc hp : Go, m , khoai c v c th thm ng , ko, bnh ngt.
- Rau qu : n ty thch , b cc loi qu chua, b u .
- Nc : 2 lt /ngy tr ln.
- Thc ung nc khong c bicarbonat.
BNH LONG XNG

Li khuyn dinh dng

 Bnh long xng c th c ci thin nh mt ch n ung sinh hot v thuc men hp l. Cc
nghin cu theo di di hn cho thy vic iu tr lm tng c khi lng khong cht ca xng,
gim au n, phng nga c gy xng, gim cc nguy c gy xng... ci thin cht lng cuc
sng cho ngi c tui.
Cn duy tr mt ch n ung y , a dng, hp l ph hp vi nhu cu ca c th.
Cung cp nng lng: 1750 kcal/ngy
Ngi ta v canxi nh nhng vin gch trong mt bc tng gch ca xng. Duy tr lng canxi y
ngng sinh l cn thit qua n ung. ( tui 50: 1000 mg/ngy theo Vin ding dng (2012) )
Ngoi ra, cn m bo t l cn i gia canxi v pht pho (tt nht l 1,5 - 2).
Sa v cc ch phm t sa (phmai, sa chua, cc loi sa bt) ngi c tui cn c bit
quan tm n cc thnh phn khong cht (c bit l calci) v protid trong khu phn n v
ngi c tui kh nng n ung v hp thu cc cht dinh dng v khong cht u b hn ch.
Chnh v vy sa l mt loi thc n l tng cung cp c calci v protid cho ngi c tui.
Lng sa cn thit mi ngy t 500 n 1.000 ml (c th l sa ti, sa chua hoc sa pha t
sa bt).
Cc loi u v ht nguyn cm (u ph, sa u nnh, go lt, )
Cc loi thy hi sn (c nh c xng, tm, tp, cua ng, )
Gch rt cn thit nhng khng c va (cc cht dinh dng khc) th khng th to nn mt bc
tng vng chc.

Ch n giu protein ( 0.8 g cho mi kg cn nng) Protein trong tht, c bit l tht b c th
chng li qu trnh long xng ngi gi. Cc nh khoa hc theo di trn 600 c gi 70-90
tui trong 4 nm v nhn thy, nhng ngi n trung bnh khong 270 g protein t tht mi ngy
t b long xng hn hn nhng ngi khc. y l kt lun ca mt cng trnh nghin cu
c ng trn tp ch Health Mag.
Cc loi tht, c, trng, sa,
B sung vitamin D
Cung cp vitamin D hoc cht chuyn ha cu vitamin D (Calcitriol- Rocaltrol)
tng cng kh nng hp thu v s dng calci ca c th.
trng, du c (c mi, hi), ng cc b sung vitamin D
Cc cht dinh dng khc:
Ch n cn c cht bo tng cng hp thu vitamin D
Cc loi du c, du liu, du ht ci, hng dng,
B sung thm Beta-carotene, vitamin C, Mg, ...
Khoai lang ta, u phng, du m, v c bit l tri thm v l ngun thc phm di do
magn. ng qun l lng magn phi bng phn na lng canxi th cht vi mi c k
gi trong m xng. Ngi long xng rt cn khu phn tht a dng v canxi mun vo
c xng phi nh s c mt cng lc ca nhiu khong t khc
B sung hormone estrogen (qua thc n hoc cc thc phm chc nng)
C nhiu trong u nnh, thch lu
Dng cc thuc c ch hot ng ca cc t bo hy xng: Liu php hormon thay th
(hormon sinh dc n cho ph n sau mn kinh), Calcitonine....theo ch nh v theo di ca
thy thuc.
Ung nc
Trnh cc yu t cng thng, b ht thuc v hn ch ru, bia, caffein.
Cc loi nc ngt c ga v hp cht photpho trong nc gii kht ngt hn ch s ko cht vi
theo ng bi tit. Tng t nh th l thnh phn photpho trong tht ngui, c xng khi
ng ung qu nhiu tr v tr tuy c cha cht vi nhng cht cht trong tr, nu liu lng cao, li
l nhn t ngn cn s hp thu canxi qua nim mc ng tiu ho. Tc dng tng t nh th d yu
hn l c ph v nhiu loi thuc cm!
Ru th t hn na v khng ch gy tht thot canxi m hu nh tt c khong cht
Gim ti a cc dng thc phm cng ngh v hp v lng mui natri thng rt cao trong c
tc dng tng tranh vi canxi.
 Bt cc loi rau ci nh bc h, c dn, rau mung v cha nhiu oxalat. Cht ny khng ch kt
dnh vi canxi m vi cc khong t khc cn thit cho bn vng ca m xng nh mangan.
Bnh m cng l mn khc khu vi ngi b long xng v thnh phn phytate trong bnh m l l
do khin m xng tr thnh cng trnh rt rut thiu hai nhn t c bn, canxi v magi.

Cn duy tr mt ch sinh hot a dng, nng ng: vn ng th lc u n, va sc, tng cng cc

hot ng th lc ngoi tri. Vic vn ng thng xuyn va c ch cho ton c th (h tim mch, h
h hp, h thng tiu ho...) va tc dng tt trc tip cho h thng xng c khp, chng thoi ho v
chng long xng (do tng cng hot ng ca t bo sinh xng, tng cng hp thu calci v protid).

i vi ngi ln tui cn ht sc trnh b t ng v khi xng b long, gy xng s rt d xy ra,

khi gy li rt kh lin. Vic bt ng iu tr gy xng khng nhng lm cho long xng nng
thm m cn l nguy c ca nhiu bnh l do nm lu khc.

Dinh dng trong bnh i tho ng

Nguyn tc xy dng ch dinh dng

m bo nng lng gi cn nng bnh thng. i vi ngi bo cn gim bt nng lng

i tng Kcal/Kg cn nng Kcal cho ngi 50 kg

Ngi bo cn st cn 20 1000
Bnh nhn ni tr 25 1250
Ngi lao ng nh 30 1500
Ngi lao ng trung bnh 35 1750
Ngi lao ng nng 40 2000

m bo t l nng lng gia protein, lipid v glucid:

Protid cn tng ln cao hn ngi bnh thng p ng nhu cu chuyn ho ca c th v cung cp thm
nng lng thay glucid. Nhng cng khng nn cho qu 20% tng s nng lng ca khu phn. Nu c suy
thn cn gim bt lng Protein.

Lipid cn cung cp s nng lng cn thiu. Khi s dng lipid ch dng nhiu acid bo cha no v cn
hn ch cholesterol mc thp nht (cholesterol di 300mg).

Glucid: trong bnh i ng cn hn ch glucid xung ti mc m c th bnh nhn chu ng c.

Ngi ta thy rng cng khng nn gim glucid di mc 40% tng s nng lng ca khu phn v s c
bin chng. Nu phi hn ch n mc m bnh nhn vn c ng huyt cao v i ng th phi
dng Insulin rt thn trng trnh s lng glucid thay i. T s nn l: Protid:15% ; Lipid: 30 - 35%;
Glucid: 50 - 55%.

vitamin c bit l vitamin nhm B (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin) ngn nga to thnh th cetonic v
tng cng sc khng ca c th.

Nn dng thc n giu cht x. Thc n giu cht x c tc dng khng ch vic tng glucose, cholesterol,
triglyceride sau ba n bnh nhn i ng bo thuc type II. Cht x trong khu phn nn khong 40g.

Phn chia khu phn thnh nhiu ba khng gy tng ng huyt qu mc sau n. Vi bnh nhn dng
Insulin cc ba n nn ph hp vi thi gian tc dng ti a ca insulin phng h ng huyt.

Nhng thc n nn dng v khng nn dng cho bnh nhn i ng

Rau ti rt cn cho bnh nhn i ng v n chng li toan, cung cp nhiu vitamin, mui khong, bnh
nhn c th n nhiu v i. Chn cc loi rau c hm lng glucid thp nh rau mung, rau
dip, c chua, su bp, su l, c, bu, b.
Qu cng rt tt v mang li nhiu vitamin, nht l vitamin C v mui khong. Qu l thc n kim nn c
th hn ch tnh trng nhim toan. Ch hn ch cc loi qu c hm lng glucid cao nh chui, mt, mng
cu
Nn dng u v mt mt cung cp protein cho bnh nhn, mt khc glucid ca u cng d tiu ho
v s dng tt.
Sa l thc n y cc cht dinh dng, d tiu, nhiu protein v cc acid amin nn dng rt tt cho bnh
nhn i ng. Tuy nhin cn phi tnh ton cn thn v gi tr sinh nng lng ca sa thp
(67Kcal/100ml) v sa cha nhiu lactose (5%). Sa chua tt hn sa thng v mt phn lactose bin
thnh acid lactic.
Trng khng c nhiu glucid nn trng l thc n tt cho bnh nhn, trng c nhiu protein v lipid c gi tr
cao, trng t gy toan hn tht.
Dng cc mn n gy tng cm gic ngon: nhiu rau cc loi trn du, nm rau cc loi vi u phng, m,
thm rau thm v gia v.
Cn hn ch go, np, m, min, ng, khoai lang. Khoai ty l thc n tt cho bnh nhn i ng. Ring
go l lng thc quen s dng hng ngy th cn khng ch s lng tng ba ( khng qu 70g/ ba chnh)
Khng n ng, mt ong, nc ngt, bnh ngt cc loi
Tht, C: tht cha nhiu protein v vy khng nn dng qu mc. C v gia cm cng vy. Nn dng tht
m, c v gia cm bo v khi c nhiu lipid th lng protein s gim i. Nc luc tht dng tt v c t
glucid v li c cht chit mi thm, mui khong v vitamin.
Mu thc n cho bnh i tho ng

Gi n Mn n
Sa chua u nnh 250 ml
7 gi (u nnh 25g, ng 5g)
Khoai ty luc 200g
Cm 100g (go 50g)
11 gi Rau chin ( rau mung 300g, du 10g)
u khun rn (u khun 100g, du 10g)
Sa u nnh 250 ml (ng 5g)
14 gi
u chn 200g

Cm 100g
Mng xo (mng 300g, du 15g)
17 gi
Gan heo p cho
(gan heo 30g, du 5g)

20 gi Sa u nnh 250 ml

Hiu qu dinh dng ca thc n:

Nng lng 1500 - 1600 Kcal

Protein 55 - 60 gam Calo protid 14,6%
Lipid 35 - 40 gam Calo lipid 21,0%
Glucid 230 - 250 gam Calo glucid 64,4%