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1301 ENME442 Lab6 Lecture PDF
1301 ENME442 Lab6 Lecture PDF
1301 ENME442 Lab6 Lecture PDF
Lecture 3
Introduction to Contact
ANSYS Mechanical
Structural Nonlinearities
Contact:
When two separate surfaces touch each other such that they become
mutually
y tangent,
g they
y are said to be in contact.
In the common physical sense, surfaces that are in contact have
these characteristics:
They do not interpenetrate.
They can transmit compressive normal forces and tangential friction
forces.
Theyy often do not transmit tensile normal forces.
They are therefore free to separate and move away from each other.
Contact is a changing-status nonlinearity. That is, the stiffness of the
system
y depends
p on the contact status,, whether parts
p are touchingg or
separated.
Target F
Contact
Ideally, for an infinite knormal, one would get zero penetration. This is not
numerically possible with penalty-based methods, but as long as
xpenetration is small or negligible, the solution results will be accurate.
Fn
xp
Open Open
SHELL Element
SOLID element
The table below summarizes some pros (+) and cons (-) with different
contact formulations:
Pure Penalty Augmented Lagrange Normal Lagrange MPC
Good convergence May require additional May require additional Good convergence
+ behavior (few - equilibrium iterations if - equilibrium iterations if + behavior (few
equilibrium iterations) penetration is too large chattering is present equilibrium iterations)
Sensitive to selection of Less sensitive to No normal contact No normal contact
- normal contact stiffness selection of normal + stiffness is required + stiffness is required
contact stiffness
Contact penetration is Contact penetration is Usually, penetration is No penetration
- present and present but controlled to + near-zero +
uncontrolled some degree
Useful for any type of Useful for any type of Useful for any type of Only Bonded & No
+ + + -
contact behavior contact behavior contact behavior Separation behaviors
Either Iterative or Direct Either Iterative or Direct Only Direct Solver can Either Iterative or Direct
+ + - +
Solvers can be used Solvers can be used be used Solvers can be used
Symmetric or Symmetric or Asymmetric contact Asymmetric contact
+ asymmetric contact + asymmetric contact only only
available available
Contact detection at Contact detection at Contact detection at Contact detection at
+ +
integration points integration points nodes nodes
Note that some topics, such as symmetric contact or contact detection, will be discussed
shortly
F
F
Fcontact
Iteration
te at o n Iteration
te at o n+1 Iteration
te at o n+2
Pinball radius
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. L3-22 December 2010
ANSYS Mechanical Introduction to Contact
There are three options for controlling the size of the Pinball
Region for each contact detection point.
By specifying a Pinball
Radius, one can visually
confirm whether or not a
gap will be ignored in
Bonded Behavior.
The Pinball Region can
also be important in
initial interference
problems or large-
deformation problems.
T
Target
t Surface
S f C t tS
Contact Surface
f
Contact Surface
Target Surface
Symmetric Behavior:
Easier to set up (Default in Workbench-Mechanical)
More computationally expensive.
Interpreting data such as actual contact pressure can be more difficult
Results are reported on both sets of surfaces
Asymmetric Behavior:
Workbench-Mechanical can automatically perform this designation (Auto-
Asymmetric) or
User can designate the appropriate surface(s) for contact and target
manually .
Selection of inappropriate Contact vs.Target may affect results.
Reviewing results is easy and straightforward. All data is on the contact
side.
side
Lecture 4
Advanced Contact
ANSYS Mechanical
Structural Nonlinearities
Solid Face to Solid Face Surface Body Face to Surface body Surface Body Edge to Surface Body
(or Solid body ) Face (or Solid) Face
Rigid Body
Flex Bodies
- Target
Target Normal
Normal, Uncouple U to ROT
ROT produces expected results
From
o Utility
Ut ty Menu=>Tool
e u oo =>Options
Opt o s
Dialogue Box under the Mechanical
Connections Settings for auto detection
upon attaching geometry
By highlighting Connections
branch in the Project tree for auto
detection upon model refreshing.
Although the default settings are sufficient for most contact problems,
these additional controls broaden the range of capabilities
Graphical
p
Illustration of
user defined
Existing
tolerance value
gap
for contact
b t
between
detection
CAD parts
Priority: For very large models the number of contact regions can
sometimes become overwhelming and redundant, especially when
multiple types of contact are allowed.
209 parts
450 symmetric contact pairs
1.15million DOFs
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. L4-16 December 2010
ANSYS Mechanical Advanced Contact
Priority (contd)
Face Overrides gives Face/Face contact precedence over both
Face/Edge and Edge/Edge contact. Face Overrides also gives
Face/Edge contact precedence over Edge/Edge contact.
In general, when Face Overrides priority is set with Face/Edge and
Edge/Edge contact, no Edge/Edge contact pairs will be detected.
Step 1 Step 2
St t = Cl
Status Closed
d St t = Cl
Status Closed
d Status = Open
Open-near
near field
S b t 1
Substep
Substep 2
Time step is
Contact
auto decreased
missed due
to capture the
to coarse
contact status
time step
change
Substep 3
Ftangential
g Fnormal
where is the coefficient of static friction
Once the tangential force Ftangential exceeds the above value, sliding will
occur
Fn
Ft
Fn