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Mathematical Reflection Issue 4 2016
Mathematical Reflection Issue 4 2016
1 J381
Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that x + y + z = 3. Prove that
xy yz zx
+ + 1
4y 4z 4x
Solution. We will take advantage of the condition x + y + z = 3 and write the
inequality as follows, X x
1
cyc
1 + x +z
X
where denotes the cyclic summation over x, y and z respectively.
cyc
After clearing all the denonimators, one obtains
5 + xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 + xyz (x + y + z)2
1
Figure 1: Cyclic quadrilater ABCD
2 S381
Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral and M and N be the midpoints of the
diagonals AC and BD. Prove that
1
MN |AC BD|
2
The equality occurs when cos(~a, ~b) = 1 or ~a and ~b are parallel vectors with the
c
same direction.
Let G and H be midpoints of AB and CD respectively. In the triangle ACD
with G and M being midpoints of CD and AC so GM ||AD and GM = 1/2
AD. Similarly, one should obtain N H||AD and N H = 1/2 AD. This shows
N H||GM and N H = GM . Hence, M HN G is a parallelogram.
Therefore,
1
|M N | = |M G + M H| = (AD BC)
2
Hence, it suffices to show that
|AD BC| |AC BD|
2
Squaring both sides gives
AD2 + BC 2 2AD BC AC 2 + BD2 2AC BD
(AC 2 AD2 ) + (BD2 BC 2 ) CD (BD + BC AC AD)
= CD (BA + BA) = 2CD BA 2CD AB