ARUNKUMAR G wy.rech Lecturer in E&CE Department S.T.J.LT., Ranebennur POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES +» Introduction to power Elect Power electronics is the branch of electronics and electrical engineering. It deals with generation, distribution, conversion and control of electrical energy. Power Cleetronta Conver lar Conversion : AC to DC, DC to AC, Ac to variable AC etc. Controls : Controls the amount of electrical energy to be given to the output. Power : Means high amplitude of current and voltage. im of Power converter/cor Power SI Controller or Converts Load. PB. l pa Conteo) Sensing and Settings unrt feedback Greuil S commonds Bs ARUNKUMAR G yy 4c: Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.I.T., Ranebennur.% Frg shows the block diagram of the Power eysler Usng & power converter os contvoller. & The power Contwiles ov Converter cam use paver vices} Such as thyristor C SCR), GTO, MOSFET - BIT oF TEBT as a cuit IM “The power source Com be acmains 1 gencralor oF batevre: be power Costveller comvesls the fmpab powes cohith is] suitable for the load. * Let us take exemple of ¢ Speed Comte! cysler for a dc motor. contwlles fs then a The power converter and Controlled -veck ifier wobich produces avaiable Ac vollage as Pts output - ich Senses The Sensing element fs a speed Senco cob’ the actual speed of the de motor and produces & @ feedbace signal prepotional to actual spect fh the motos. le This feedbacle signal fs Conppoved eott a vefevemce signal which vepresesle the desired cpeed. * Based on the difference beliween these two signals the Control circcedt etl) produce o Contr signol the fos -the power convester and contzelles . thie ewitl Chonge the de otetp ot wottage of the Converter So as to adjust the motos cpeed to the desire, Value. ARUNKUMAR G y1.<5, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. Ranebennur.pewer diode = cindst one hood ie) wnost Aha, pevor Conca, pees cree & asn' Led Meurer . * Thane cre thtte Bypes of pow. indies. . Geral ose. Aioks Q. ae pees ee pore eevee Afodes. |. Geena peapast died: + Ip eo tt — Vox @® Sigonboo! Now, © Charani enittas age, Dteales rove Wighh Racorse Recouenis Bhat ee ares see ts wl tm mo * vnakieeyy, Gusd Cs LekThions commenters, ot aake pte Lntig. the actings are bore tafsov +0 \90b A 500, 3. Scholtes Aindss § x Ha yen b Aodu the pn funttioy & thininoted, 6 Sa mata é& ced Abyeatlyomte & —elueter as tnebontes ics ‘t and+ Pfatinieunr tt depestted on whine Seuricendustes. ? “P The wutnl <4 anode 2, Beemtcondustes Ss cathode. ance ture U mo pon BE th Storage tis & otosent. Scathede Hence burn off the Ye vestry mall. 2a Seo whet diods haye ves Sree, Sestthin8 toed. & cuage Commu os x 2 Ginds ait und io Lew ayeedibau Aindss. Appications of poo dfndss 8 \ indus axe ued 1 uncontrolled AactEbiera. : Pecdooam and yee : okent sen * Tavertas and conttotied Consreates We Foes. . Leation cris yee SCRig ase conbiotted Consist and Wail ae ou, Hodis. Thypststes, jemi, 8- L plete Ap ond olp craractetishies of anny Yr sponses Romi cancleret® ‘lew fces — [Tee 88 897] a. Grete chrosartertstia feats oy tts yotoing TT geutees. os Ww to wy) Ren yy mosreT 1) TRIG WG "i Tan on 8D 3. Drache ato chraneeter baties Of deme We Qettorss S chen fees. 4) BIT i) mesFeT W) IGBT w) acR Vv) UST Vayu -06 , 600 ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.“he - - = ‘ one Betaapas by poe daates io tagdater yountby . Bilkcos Comtactled deotilpess CScRD) Goste tudo opp thy ister, CGT) . Reverse Comal uetin® teeyister, C Re). , Gkabc SInduckeon sutet, C 61TH) , Goke ouststad tain -OFF ataypbster T GATT, _ Gbbe osticated Silicon Controtted rrcti ties (CASCR] Mog- Cxrdheltest Aaypstor Cmcr) TRIAG. Out of arr tha deutees, SCR & te wrest Comonee ty ed Apter. B® Be >» eR HA 1. Gticon comtasiled sectibions LECR] a 4 g q @s Seysrbet x The ccR hos g- terminals namely ¢ Amede (A), Catnede Un) and Gote(Gr),jeword biand, DB Bratt (ve Voltage B applied butoen Bote and catijede te tun. - &CR, Nero Gument heros ier Anede te cathode bo ScR gstet ts toa Conduction | TA FE ee penned Netkage an B WAY geal, bypleat Se5V 40 BY: Ie Ni Nate Bate hos no contol BR Comte Conduction of SCR. Ben ty ee Bote Rs Rerneved, BOR Aoce nol burn -OTF- as coms wating ahpiatet con be turns) bo cB Stenttot oye ansd® equabts vt ts than He ode Votoge fe Vipk. Bote duive & noted. ond Crdenrt Ratings Oe ARUNKUMAR G wrecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.x CrTD - can ioe banest - eta een Ne Bote pabe That hot heal combat Over the cond GTO domet sequb pansy Comm enication knit, * GTO tewrugl-Ont bey QuvinG ave ete pulse. Boo Dp & mot Given ane “pote pubis & mrad awe, Aho arth &s WO tukn-OTF skate, NENT tian ap t glia and | gor pane wes Aen GTR %& turnid— % GTO Ore used et, loo Asive ) aap Sao Hedyonkabes ¢ . Gate os pull Comb het Svar the Spralinn Bh GTO. 9 od One Riad Let. wine Larfle ve Bote Cumertr bee {Hen FH Renee chive, cme Of GTO Sagettas REL POWs. Q. Arutlehan® ferrander oan wore Srmod, Ayppicotions % 1. GOTO Ode ince} bee, Leno pewses, a 2. Greluaksiry hackicZ & enntes, VEves. & 2 ARUNKUMAR G mrecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. STILT.@. MBS-Comtroilert Rrapsistot, LCT] 3+ @ S&yonbet. x he mer can be Gurdon by -ve VettoBe and % can be burned -BEF ly 4ve Qote Vettabe. %& MCT Troe wets perseh Reattings Ahan CrTo@ SIT. A. TRIAG o> Tae Te taminan} MT) [ Cote Veo 7 SN Ss SS G 1m (mT) Gots : Gq Ree Main weinal2 hae ® Lembo. cae HM OTREAG & a bi-diectional dinice te Condeult t0 beth tte disaction. eI 1Zos TRIAC Be wivolunk te Hu Geo adipsia £8 § Bias ho ie TRIBE hos 3-timinal, . - * Malin terminal 4 (ay T) rain terminal 2 (MT2) ARUNKUMAR G werecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.THRIAC & honing Qinble Aor. Re Cumrent QA TRiaag can be com tactled 1 ottne, Mochi Pydventoges PRIAC & Q vi-durchomal denice. “TRIAGE tans -OFE Dhan voltage & racemmd ~ Sapte, BOX* Contiet Comelucken fo laptn disci TRIRC Gi MEbh vouage and Cutan: LOLRGL One avaktovle . Qits-odvantobes - Vier mo combat ou tthe Comndurkio ence trator i tine ON. LTRIAC hos uaz Smal Basabtrelan® Spams ty Sas a -heakert , ban et. ne Aeutas hos ScRy. LEBNE O83 ocstvoked &cR | Lenses) 3 en te ~¥ @ Sepmbet chadort oaatias x Tee LASER Can be Turned oo buy pie Bprat the Gore %& t omtomattiie, 6 8c8) tino Blan eh ARUNKUMAR G wrec, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.ouce the CRY TON, Gok hoi mo we os . x MPSCR'S provides fotolia leben te Bote and Arine emb- Ppdyantopes LPSCR Can be Dewrid-opt @ Uae Bifnat., Hance hetakoo prentded one Centrct che @ScR 2 Because. of optical MEQGHOR, atperts Of nee are srdacod. pees 1 Uted in Hue tearm Essen. G6. NPN BOT s- Ye, cx The beuvard drop eta Com satin§ transistor f 1 Ae Lange By OSN to \-SN Dhan pare Vige te xroued, the rraniutes Jumains OTF —state. H. TEE? [ Oneutated Got Bipsior Tuncbey — transistor [ S- \lasn > Nasi le Nagn Noss Nes) Nee @® chorost nitlieg ate IGBT has atumbrali: Cote , emitter Cotlecter. antes, Danesh o x Thus @ot has bail Control Sunk jhe Conductiow IGT. * LGBT ars vetrabe Conk asttes ous transite, GBT om forts Than BIT bet UA bout than MESFET. Gelvonta gs 8 |, LGBT % Vetkame Combantler clautee. Q, ON Stat: Leu Ore doc irooel. ARUNKUMAR G w-teca, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.a. No Gemrmutotien ont om taautad A. Grote Dawe pull Comfret usr thee 8) Bt, TGBT < an ies ods Mihi, than thysirles, Dis oduanta ges 1. TGBT a. cestua than BITs & mOSEETS Q, TGBT have static chasse parol Rcasient 3— eee 1 DC wrster Awives ie Aeoeriens . a, Bete De Pos Suppl IB. UPS. % There Orr 2-Lapes eh MmOsrETs momulip + Rm channel MESFET XN. P cChanrul mesfeT » Wheo mesreT & biwed ont the Gurmet lows promo Asoin to Gewese , The usttage & apie bstuseery Gots Revise to ako -ON she MOET. Og cn lone tesnnel- OFF Dana Bote & ARUNKUMAR G wrech, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.T.J.LT., Ranebennur.the cond uate. a ae ema moesp et Hy FE One Vane. Prdvank wine Coommutative cath Sua His Space Sy MOSFET) Ia. MESFETs howe Bert rn -0nN and Gun. ore tiv. Qe oduonk apes 1, BN- Stoke Lewd wy mespeT are LEbh, RQ. MESFET'S One user] omlit pe Leo pews oppicaiiient, Prppications g- \ mespeTg oe wed ber Reno poanh, ond Webb Epeat opp cokems ok O wn nasal har be As davrol KHZ, Q, Anvast ess, 3, rr pes MPS Q, Qtodic S Sndurtios, sachs Ustt)§ 6 = o $ Peay desiee & Ssymbct. x HSITHO Vg (povses, MER & Giedlos toa FET. Sen altace tnotae oa ee . caistesbiesy , Se ones Bed yon oe & Whe Garn-8N G& Sao OFF Ghat oe uy Hirt 4 0.25 MSc, &The Cumend RokinBs ant Of SIT con be \2o0v| 200A Gy tia Raatsbin§ Speed Can br oF WE os levetty. 6 Bpplications &- S1Tg om mest aubtable oe . ea: Pruclio _ Nae | Ute and weware annplider. + Contant choratteisttes 0f pesou, _ Sushi B Geuters 3 — E xpleén Comlinl char ant rts keer ek Gio ,mct, srvtt Seth Atagiarn, itt the tatp et wav ebm and —|Tere 08 6 2. Explain tie contaol choractertsties ok SCR & GTO cinceet dikagiamt and wae foes Ol con Mol woH c SSnatl and occtpect Notiage: . ¥ ® _\san-10, 89 1 control 3. Witte ment creat and waweporms © contioal Sgnat. and olp votage, explain 9 Chaiacterutecs o IGOT & SC ~|Tan-04, 8m ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. $.T.J.LT., Ranebennur.1, Contac chosorteristis Of ScR Ctupsster) oe Gq i) yes Toeyrtaster acta NG wade | ye Pp eayristor Leen) Con 0 tp Conduck oy oppling & ave pulse to ths Boke, When te anode WI ek BLA AN chon Us cotnsde. ige. Cure Oo 7 tt below Uxra ceed osnd te oetounth Unsere j je wlan SR U ke Led Ey ARUNKUMAR G wetecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.I.T., Ranebennur.OFF Thn-on Ter -OFF hae tw Ave. du to Ig=0 loose cudtsnt Bg bot 2 Up and ofp draxsaitenist ree Pete ont tpi * ROU tet coun Ie tered On ley applyan® o Ree re base ard 08 G07) Ha WOK CR Uh demnroved tte BIT U Tesnid OFF , Hence te po a RUA ROE paqiase cont es Conduction, mahi loot Cumink hee S 2 om ARUNKUMAR G mecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.TI1.T., Ranebennur.3. Controtlee! chorarteristies off GTO|mcr| SITH 2. 4) GMO [ Gots tuto -onf thaytster] 2 tate * GTO one St TH one titnad on Lng a +ve got Pate onal out tuna OFF bay cpu nove to * Wihon one, GTO ond SITH ose turned ent Hae NeO6s Vig oppeors OES He load as que dantcer U OFF the outpet vottoge & aero. ’ tech, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.pact [MOS conttotted Hugslatet > ewe = woos bouens, x SD MCT ave dode pubes Couss TE to bun -eN ‘ . tain -OFE and a sve got pute cans eto . x Wiha ever mer & turneef-on the Nottoge Ne Opperss aves ttu load Who tie qarfce fe err, Ate Output Votboge. & Quo. Be oo ee ARUNKUMAR G mech, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J.1.T., Ranebennur.4. Contact chorortesistics Ob MOSFET ond raer 3- i) MOSFET 1GBT Gatti * MPSFET and LaBT an vottase tontistled chevice, nance MOSFET] LGBT whne Gate. Netkage to tein. ent Fis long 4 the Gate vege 4ve, (uy) MOsrET [LEST Come iets. Wifun gote vig ik wmode auc of ve, mosret|rqeT Ore turned - OFF. When turmed-on —. Va Oppeass of tu ofp Whan trerned spp _, Outpost te Bw. ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. 8.T-I.LT., Ranebennur.* Type of peroer Elestsontcs circuits 2 '. Mevusom and saploin atu Athearcuk ti : - aR Oo, fletioniz dace and diaw thi ae Chatact exftees | pe i Jeunes 0, &rp 2. Kine out ond erplatg to dippercuk ty : USHA eueksente commearkt Choro irs Io charactenistion. eee pee Serotite | | Ti-04 Bro | 1 3. CEL out Hee amoger type ete Suatewse clans aud Winton bo each cose the t ar Shp Sa Seen and tie ap obtained. tas et eae or | , ces. | 4. Menwon ot leott 4 pow eteatronte haadily fadicoate +Huly 318s ond Ops with One epplications Of tach Bype. [eee em | [Tes c6, 69] 5. What & 4 post Comwentes D (Cisk the abort types of Pos ektrs ond wanton Hulg Convery punctions « Jen-96, 4. =| . Expteto bate tha ctaffscrt types of persed eluetenic Com othe, Mactte and wot en Lawes a Up Supply dives and Ty sutated) e|p i eaoh “case . Aro trdicate tro ~oppitcations fo coh Aagpe cose. ARUNKUMAR G m.toon, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.T.J..T., Ranebennur.erestrories Laue con be cloms fed) itp \. Rode recti fies 1 Uncontiatiad sueai gai] 2. Ac-De convey, U contrast nants bea] 3. AC BC comets Lac vettase, com eotai 4. De-De Comoastes The - hopped) 5. dc-ac converting [ Srwutns 6. Stotie Sucttebos . 1. Binds wuritios |Umenhetied reripis] Lp aap AC-to DC oe coms on tay vq 2 Blom stafrary , Diods-D; x Nig= Nino Siruot Hr Ay Binds Aaetitfe, cidcuils Converts ae Vertage nto q ptaad ac NettoBe, Os SAE Pgs. The impart Vetta Se to Whe ~reetiptes vy, commd be city Single plore er -phom _ ARUNKUMAR G wrecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.2. BEPC conmens Leomtetlad uatiptat] to Xe The Outpet ofthe Comveaing uy, fable ae Curt pend Comttettad ae vere Comtretlest Restipiess * The axrage val lore Ope and Comernte P use -SCR'S, ee . 2 tte sane SIp Vetage can be Controlled ondle ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur, aR8. at -ac commestey | 7. Ac sYottose Cemtetles, Fined Nottage [~ Re- c mad fea, Com eats, Near = talglrd HE? Bln amgrom ~ ee Ap TRIAG * The Ip Notkabe tothe convents 4 ib or ad biased] vottage, The ep Netage on Voifable ac vetk : xe The Comvestin eesey TRIAC 08 thes to BE The ep NeuoRs U tomtictlee lasy onfle oy the TRIAC ie i" & a ARUNKUMAR G mrecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.ae eed Fiassl Nottoge * The omerage Note % comketlee) Ah concen’, Mowe et, tote % The duty ate 9) of, te chroppes tt Biliran by ah ARUNKUMAR G werocn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. Ranebennur.B. Ac-ac Comyenteg [brvontet) aye ale Hp © ee te tle tg Yet Fasd vig Dperae Nasiante o| ae Hp Frnt el a ae tip Noe op Nig $92 Blow etic Bram 4ee: 0 Wouedetmns * B de-ac convert & alto Ene of on Anoeter The +0 the Srvoerkters te biaeef Oc ° is ve pavoder Sbioined pen leosttetee a The fp of te teat, 1 the trae Oh Variable diag O¢ Nottoge. Inaertets ons see Dlun eve, moint ts mot oxailoble eres 1 UPS 2. peed comtel Of Gndurtin mot org, 6. Stobic Susttibss 2 Bince tte poss dlevtar can be opucted 0s Stotic Ruattdlus ep contarters te ieee Srattihes Could lee ebther ac 8 ae and Ubes OL tolled a1 ac Stotic Susftolaseg te Qurkttles. ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.% Busse of poou, euasrente seppment aa, tqubprunts coin be pees oi, posed edeuten, 3. Oduminaion Of Hee comet Srorgy . 4. Quign of loRic & gating cats, * puiphapd ebects So x Bus te Hu Seudtabing of mots Rannritenclustet, Gusta, Aha power Comilente anoduce Wott ond Gort! Warmenia a ro [Up Seuni} aud on the ofp of tae comwrestag Lush, %) What u tree atpecks oF ES alc {oe [Tes [Tess -0F, 400 [Bene to -to,4e0| [Benen ae An AQ. Whot one the petphurat efpets of AMA Sheek A os rats on told land Rote oh hm _ WJ - 29, 87 3. What ase tt eHuontagis of — Bkotic pone, coasts waentior the potplarat spn Rueeohy Sbatee, fous Cs Ni lomwesties, Jeae-04 6 | Of -08 een | 4. Tathat onc ae APE Of pest chertlonte compponents ead pats 9 “ated eo fed Tene 08 | 6a » Expleiin tne Petpral aff 3 Com en tess, pest plcnot, nie bes ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J.1.T., Ranebennur.mH. What orc the advantofpes op Stoftre pores, Comuente 9 ween the paiphual (ttusdirol) ebputs of Sesoly pStatic pos Com estags Benet J — 8. Wihat one qe i OL checks £8, Baud caacutts 9 peigeet etbwts of pou etestaewie Whok ane ue Renredins sre 9, — _ Jan -o6, Fm Tha Lamnrenist vot cistert the o|p and couss tnt * pita te Conmmauiootion ond Sshnoiling acute. Rene te Reduce Hu Lawnenic Luoelt the Putas ou ausid ok beth Up and ap he Comupentans, Thue bithers attenuate Keaa| vita [fate | “tr Fesese 3 Gumraliged pews comes tay, Bro. Poove . ia Fleck diatom of ginuotiqed eid to Lusetue str stead), wa ail th ea yg ED ( pertiplaern cin comune de ee acti of povsey This con be a tetal Lommente distettion (TH) Hoamenic Tt LHE) ond app poor, fasten Tree) Thue aw Con be detumbud E ware . es ONL, HetMaas Oe Can be ead oration POE dy Poon. theckrontes 2- \. Howe _cpplicabiovs 5 8 ry uo 3 2 Naccume leans , wririss , wooning RONUS, Sexsin® weslinas, ols tonditionind” yor! daipens oe 2 Gouses oud Entartasnuvant f- Gans ond toys, TN, prejentous aac 3. Seweguias ¢ eta puckeapent, ius siete rasgers es ol apes? et aiaten, UPS ote ‘ ag Cs cotpare =. fra craye power Hot , Spas nalricle. povoeg ra, Grrettite 1A Sens. 5. Putometive $ Ptawu ane Seay mg, Steric weliclrs, Piao e RF compli tens , Paulo bors, 6. Gudustiot y- Blow, Beste, emt Theos , sien’ geccacons eLeotate eansce, Ovens | Boe bate’ oan, | CTRL, ly re, aiding me os Seenolee nae Bostus Nusleod racer Serppltes ete Fede ee Fines drasiieas Loses «Gece Here 4 Blane oe Gea Hor naan ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.1. “Tehecounmusicatiowss UPS, Vee Tux, vtasen Comm? poo. Supply, Batten oahins ete, 10, Thanspestotie® $ Theis ond Wcemotive , motet dive, trolly loves, treataic nashickes | Battery | Ourtowmolie eleetrenics, We Uta Ser Rego Te Rugplinaetaaay on ewer haste Conese , cede an Be mnt Larios, vind’), Stabe emt laezaburs ee | * Dpplicolisms ol bows pews Backomee Kacubts, 2. Be to De Comverkere T Combnetles sate ONE] \. De wrotet daives a Riputated Ac peed Susplies. 3. Botrery Cro sriges ents ote 3. Bete AC Comverse 1) Be: Nolioge Comivottes vordalg euteal pee UpLng comet, Speed contre} oF port Spumps aac 1) Cyto: comuentea . These CHES comsrents 28 ot One +0 powa ata ayaa yan, racubb ot Rage Cems estsov. 2 The or dusgnad wting thrapustons, “the Op te, Lower than Hie Somnce 444. 3, When ase 3 waded het Stevo Spsedh Vary “nig pownk Ind ne Asives. 4. Ac- de Comwestess . Bowrersy Asiver Vehicles. Sree 1 on com ARUNKUMAR G wrtech, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur. 2% Advantages ce writs of pees shatromic Sms \, Higte cdf emery dase, to Levo lett 1 pewoes Rermicend - usket, cleyicas. ae saliabarilay of powers. ert torit Coma eskeR mE, ommic ome becasst Static dinius ofa yep mayo 4. Kew prow teu os He desuices tem sated ix He comventeut oproie at &usitdus and not iy Mud, active Aepient, 5, Gu maictenance and lend Life dus to abiunce ey ont Wenn posts. | g [orepos8)| gmail Size and Ceprt wage of Hee Gem olles, due to eletteonit entices. rp, Corow, cost wh tee Com en teg eapstpensnk- * pared Comtto| nits. 30 ARUNKUMAR G mrecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J.1.T, Ranebennur.hosmenics, sere GEE genom Oe ee ep Re Hen. wy aor rien ae os hove a v. levo pew porter, go no fee bes vege Sy Comeriewn verkuria teas Oe , Gur to Otsapt Suttubing * ond cable ie nO Yecquisiy conacendiay Buews auth ondleony wee . weet Beno ple Commessire Secu damnsuts ) pours edectiorit Comuerters orost be. % 3 & ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J.LT., Ranebennur. iS68 & BIT BIT a Sporeboe} N dntunol - Srareokuar.. N RK » Tinn-0 lant sufenvobien 3. Nongenmolion anit [tte gote pale tt tan ONS oithout Vat cont Voy Stak Wastrod] tart ON] 4- too Bow bos pull Combe} OUR Ae Spuciien of BIT. BIT trwns- OFF th bose, Basie ta Amey es Used} poe Grvertess , WPG) AE comptet Adives &- Qype ARUNKUMAR G w.recn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. Ranebennur.Pe Qraypiure butrocen BIT & MOSFET ert . comm tetled nig box . Cmant comioilers alevice lade fhoD wesfET BITS as Lakloble hee, high poet oppicabens . BITS os owolloble Sth apes, Votogs Gr Cusient toting - Voroge comtioiles device. qVe Bmps co-eyy cent lou oar Vibes thao SFT. Ovve dicalt uw dimple Sraitchind wee pegs MESFETS ant Suabtoite ayer Lew pevoet opps =. MESFETE howe Lex vettaBe ond quant rodbingt. 33 ARUNKUMAR G w-tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.TJ.1.T., Ranebennur.ARUNKUMAR G wmtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. T., Ranebennur.UNIT 2 % POWER TRANSISTORS * Pawn ewoh, Oren Beakwu in ECE Apt. STS, Kanbeonus, . Xx Pow, tyansmitie, have contyolled tusoad-ON Stuso-oF F chagaclerihtS 8 we wed as stitching elementd. Powe, chransmition ase opsated an saluyalion regio, sgesubting Wm a low on- stabe wortage dvop. “The sw tichfog speed of mode stgansistes ig rouch highel —than tak of —HoyxiSters and axe extensively uredl fo de-de & de -ac Comvasers. Pow transistors can be claastffed Role five type, % Bipolay uodto cranisos CBITS) 27 Petal oxide Sere’ conductor “Freld -Eect Tyonstders Geaseey 2> Trsulated Gate Bt polag TRasicrers CIGqRrt) Y state Todudiom Tganatstews CSivs) sy COOLMOS ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.TH Steady Site chaypteriskes “oa BIT ORS Tgonsl Aes ALTA CARB EDT 5 Tyan sg Ae 3 Wr x Vee jac tsar) @® “henstys dat chororkarke ties . % ow. kT. ¥ a tyanstsles the amt cumenk % given by Te = Je 47 om ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.WRT the satio a the collects wonent Te to base cuseot Te %& Known oO deewud Cwsent Eas "Br Loletog jos oe Yes \+ Be F Pe Xe = Be \+ Br For &o@ , Soho +" Be 1 >—at ARUNKUMAR G w.recn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.Xp i- Ke % let Us conatdltg be cist of 49 1@, whee the ARANsisros Yo opaated 4 a Bwkteb ~Applyfog KVL +0 TIP chk, wegel Applyfeg kV to Ip cht, we geb_ Ve ~TaPp Nae =O NB Vee =Te2p, ap = Vo- Xee tre ey x Applyfog KYL 40 spe Olp emt, we get Ne@= Ve -i | —Oy Tee Ve-Yee Bb yer. Re Tee Prete = Pel Ve Nee Rs Sybstuling Te value % e7nv) , we geb- Vee = Vee - Pref \e= ee] Ve = Vee - ee ( -Yee] —& ARUNKUMAR G m.tocn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.1.J.1.T., Ranebennur.¥% From the ct, Nees Vo-Va (5) Vege Nee -Vee| Fyory GO, OV) (Vee = Vee - TeR) ¥ The —moximur collectos Gunent to the ackve Legion Can be Obtsfned oy Seting Veazo § Vee =Vee ue ” Te coon) = VErNE © Nee -Noe Re Re & the covvarpending value 4, Touse current Tem Br a When HE taanerstes ft to SoksalTen ,-the collectos WRenk —-hermakas, alroost comarant & Nees Yerceatd Te cmox) = Nec -N cecsat) SO Qe Tecsot) = 5 the wxrespondtog Volt oF Youse lusnent Yo Tea ccot) = Te Csot) c % Hormally, the cht TS datgned So that Te 1s higher han Taceot). & tm ARUNKUMAR G w-recn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. ., Ranebennur,Uae Dos Dave Tea CODE): the Soko 4 Te +0 Taccaty 18 alled +e overdive fades CODF) oor = 22 acco) 3 Ch Fawed_ BC Breas)! TR» the yotio Of Teccop-to Ta 1S alled ay Te Coat) © The total Powe loss 20 the two yuortform 7s A& NOIET- — Powys = VT “oral Pow, Pre Thp Powe, + Olp Powe =p Pow, = T!p woltage 8 hp sok 1-2, VeETe, alp Yowu = Ole Ssotoge olp Corrent be, NeeTe ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. Ranebennur.BD Swriching Chasaterislieg OF 0 Tgansistes CRID! CA ee i @ ARth necessary waunlprmns, Seplako the swtteh*og Pedjorroan A Powe, BIT June - O14) Pune -10 Br] © Cketd> and ex ple =the Swrebing chaadedS fa 4 Pows BIT . The Sketch chould hove +e w ave _prrn YD Vee > Ig VY Te Tan -04 Gm) | Tuly-oF%, cH)oA fwad biased PN —jWnckoo exhtbPts wo parallel capactiane te oO depletiao - Weyer capadian te - a AS uasteo Capa sian & . ds Undes evesse - biated’ candi oo , PN- Sundin hos aoly depletion capadtane Und Geady - Stale Conditions these capattan@s do dot ploy 9°Y Solo \ Und, Agonsient om g\warw oe tux -ON & Aunn-oF ds Monk these copasiton® | ¢ behonvou, are teamaistes © Die +0 Totes capattaous, I Agonistes doe oot Ayo ON tnstant ly , Fg @ Shows We wowedgrmns § Sxrtcbiag Aimer. a@ As che Up rvollage Ne 3Se> yon X30 to Vy § we base Corart wise to Tey , whe collector current does not Stost flowing . Thrs ac betause collec bose Junction copacitan@ Che) Stes's Coaugin there AS a deloy, Koos Od ddoy oe "td" e This delay Ts Arsquiarad +0 charge UP Ane copastten & " Coe’ to the jyrwad bias wollage 8, Nee = 0-7: Ale, this doloy jhe collects cyssemt Rtse> +o the Steady gate Valse a, To. e the ise -me "Ag! depends gm the Hime constant A Coe Capaiianle ARUNKUMAR G wtech, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.e lkiben the Vp wollage to rsversed fom Ni to =a. 8 athe base Current % abo changed +0 ~Tay , the colectos, wasrent doewsot change Wea Hime 4g, catled the stowage Kme | e Dutiog ‘ts the Satusaling chasge %& Semoved fe +he base. AYO the Stesed charge, ae Removed the ase Cusgont Staats dadutfog 3 clletes cussent ain clark ROG . js The ivsed chatge 5 semoved lerause athe ve use cussant. Oow tre extha charge % sarnoved the Che capadtante Wage -2% the lowe cusenk falls to charges to te ‘ip Nove . \ tan. “he Jayt stme 4 depends on se Hire _ Consent whids o dakimined by Ae Gaputinow tbe e Tuy OW me ton qfiveo by Ape THe taken by Ame Tc to vse 4s o to 0136 vo Te to Mise = Base me, (ta): BD we Heme sot a re sen wo on Ta 40 0-43 ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.@ Tus n-OFF ime tog, AS Gren by: toy, > as* +h wre, = grosage time ‘ts It te the spy - abl ee ay ot w tne oro oqiu ro OTe > Emmi He, to Bore collavles_. bar SHGAGE @ chosge sesagein bube (GS iLL duteg 99) © chasge poy “sor -0FF Hg @: charge stvage Yo satwrakecl lotpola, transtsies -timpe Taken ty the Jc 40 Tes 40 0:95 Rope “taken Wey te Ac 40 { Rqg® Shows the exd8q storage charge to Ane one oy a Sakwaked tants. Dui tn Mme tsb He Chasge pole % change lero atoc a shown io YG 3®© Dosing Sut “Roe , the charge poole evsares fun] oR ‘c) unlh| all charges ax Sumoved. oy suno-0F F, Anis exka clnuage te Removed 1st ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.8 Base Drive Gnk301 o4 The swHdRey sped the Powe, thanswiths, fan be Froemed by Rdutlog ton Storr Perroda. a ton con be Saduud by allowlng base curgent peaking during — turn-on e torr Gan be Jeduud by AwASog base assert § allowieg Roane currant: Pralsing durtog turn OFF To ovawme the drawhatk 4 slow guittding Speed, e oltow' og Jechntqur ae used Che, Buel datve conko| Metbo dt )- 4} Turn ON Cntsol “i> Turn -OFF contol WE > Pgapositrra) base conbsol 81> Apissadugatim Convol C Baker's clamp ckt) ARUNKUMAR G metecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T. nebennur.Tay -ON Sel $ia8O: Bostic curent Pretking cluco§ tutn-on « \dhen toe NP eovlage ‘Ng WS applied the capatianlt' C,) aus dda cbot CH, Hone, Ry % wesrually PPOs 1. The Snival vale 3 Yoase cusaant to Ukekied bY only RG WS given by. Te- Vp- Vor thes heavy Vore comant dave, the +Ranstches Aakuyokicn for quid Yura : ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.TJ.1-T., Ranebennur.bose wvtent UW Capasrtes, 'c craages upto a Bool valuta Ve=®@R, Nes No. Rare chaaging Rene cmstact Ate copa fo4 %6 dys charging Aime conglant 3S fiver Woy T= BG ON- patod ane Aganamiltes mut be {re SZ, OFF = Patod a he tRanemitey, must be Te BST J. The maximum Suwttdieg Lequooy ‘ > - T Ty ATy SE*8Te & faa!ST} the Up wollge fo YG] as changed +o -Vp dusfog hu orF “Whe copact ee wwollage “VC TS added 40 Vg asa aguante vollorg ayosc Whe Aansi gue, Thay wil) be PU CURB Peaking Capg) during tus-0FF AcMCapates Cr Afschaager, +e Revs wollage CoO we Suduud fo a Steady - Stale value a, a. + TK Hg © Cy By work dusing tuxo-ON & Gy, Ry, By wak dustog Mem -0FF 40 provide AAeseor mec Tits) t the diode Dy Wolter Ye Jowarl base drive athe Savesse base dstue gust — dustog okt \om tuto - FF ARUNKUMAR G w.recn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.Tn +He method ay The colledos cumrent changes dur to chang 9 load dunand, the PUe dvive cW Rent tT Changed 2m Proprio to the colledog wre, Hen the name Propeskenal fouse Went. ecthe cet. BHangement % a shown 40 4fg@ , wheo suite © 4uined-ON , oO ue uanot %, Shost duration woud low ugned-On . as —thiaugh the ose a Zanstiox 8 tgansistog “vo © OWee he collectog WWRent Starts to ow ,a tots procing louse cumunt Vo Yduced dus to We TRoensjormy action othe uns Balto TS qvoo by- ARUNKUMAR G wrecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.H Al -Setysatinn Grlgol (oe) [Bakers clamp conigsl) je Exptn How antidatusolien base Comlgo] Smpxoves +e duitbed x lorr0o Ww a B31 2 [Tuve-ce ew] [a6 or eno oa rte % [Buse-o# G0] © Name & explain Vasfous swaehtog Umtls fo tare of Powe BT's wtHO a cet apow explaio onfisakywklay onbvol ‘ST. a monk? Veolia xe | tmppcoverent dod clgaro bai, agit DAMnge 6 T22Te-T) D2 JD VWoe -O8 ea 22te-! AT, Hoe ARomeakANs rs opaaked % varel cadegaltan , The Skesage Hiroe WHLGSD Bo “HL Swikhtog Speed BW secued, Whe dlovay same aagued foy Opuatiog the AZaniCrs Go Bolt Solution Zorba than hard adabuzalfon , his (an be accompltshed by clampfag te colledos — FAR, NO Wage athe — caller, Custant given bey Tcz Vec-Ver @ POE ay tg abe slaroping wsolhoy Nom > Nek sot ) 2 a cm ARUNKUMAR G meen, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.T-J.1.T., Ranebennur,jeThe base cwreok witout clamptog .whtte dave the tanith Solo Pard Sakupien % given by eee Te. 1). Ve-Nar-Nee Applying KVL Htc | Bp Aopuk cet woe Geb \g-Tap- Nely-Npg = 0 Te Pgs e-Yoi Mee Tee Ve. Yai-%er cape ]—e J © Gow -e A Rome Ses auined ON the dfodt Py gus Yyrward suned ceoducs, Ta, clampiog corel Are conceszonding colle dog Cussunt AS qe oy - = then, Appyiog WL 20 Ako lop Vice Nga = Veet Vda Wee = Nee Nd) —Va. | ® eThe oad tument 36 Tie Ya- Vee Nae 4 Vd j-Vad Yue =O Nee = Vyet Ndy-Vda_| Re e Sepyiog KCL at dodeA we ye. . Ti - Ty-teeO sow ¥G “| tee Ti-Dpg Sa2de-Te ARUNKUMAR G w.tecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. .T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.Te-I,- CIc-TL] Tg: 31-te+tL| 7@ The Collector CURent tt Claropfog Ts Ter Pie -@ substure 2q9.© » 299°@, we gl. Te =p CT,-Ter Te] Tes ~prc +p T4302) Te * Bc = eC aatey TC wp) = P Us. ty) als Be (tur) eB © Fog clampliog, = Vd > Vd2 she claroptog ach Amwlls a a aactuced) col} ecto cuxent § almost elimtouke Shevage me § hus 9 jer tern -ON 4S otompshed. ARUNKUMAR G w-recn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-II.-Gl Toolation ob ate $ Page deers fe Whok 48 the need eo FeSolatorn am gete dove chs? Daruas she Ak erninr Metoods a Prove tog Ssolalton pe OWNe Chis fem pow, chs. Faris G5] > Ned Tolonen_q gue § tot dines HID: Bose datve cht. ew VAKT the dntveg chig operas ak very low pow levy, “the que § bue dvives connected 40 powers levies volt Operokes ni we, levols as shown % YQ. ean kg O Sbsowe that colletlog§ oH BIT have rvo Urge A Qoov - Buk bore fs compacted te Afgan br ot Have voWlay2’s 4 sy . xy BT Ws damaged collects ~ base opts shorted shen fg oraz wil gt Conmerted to tetggen cht, Keg will damage the +Alagag cht ako. I. To avoid Any damage +0 bggewring cht, an %solatvon Showd be provided , rhe must be Some elechic Ysolatian wiv Gp ke, ase datvors Cheggowiog ) Ckt $ the powes (kt ARUNKUMAR G wtecn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J.1.T., Ranebennur.eTher ade -oOO woos 4 loaktog (4) Psolating +he onto] > goke Stgrak W:9.4. grounds 1 Pulse tranalorm exe Ww Opie couplers. 4 Wse. + eM pH FH Tololtor using pulse prannhurnens all 4f4O! Tyomigrma, texted phe Aste, . Agamayormers have one Primary wiodkog ¥ wo have ame © Mor Secmodany wkodPogs Ftg@ Shows a Agan\irog -Asolaked gate Satya WRenyoroort] othe Agans\osme Sbould bove a vay Small leakage %ncuuct-| aw gre safe Ame a we lp pulse Should be very Smo Fp, HgO. Osewe hat — Axragafng igual t dabr fsolaed fem BIT, tena 4 Hoon TS ony clevbtc damag to BIT, thas wl be vo abet on ARTGY asing Sgust . to ARUNKUMAR G w.rech, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.+ Adawplage « ~ Puke Ayon\erme, does vot eed entisal powe, ipa @s Shaaiton ~ T+ ts Ney sPeogle to Ube + Dit adeootages 3— ~ Purse tramalosmes Satugater at low equinues hon fe can be uted mY bv High brequanvies | = DU r0 magnetic covpllog , the Seynad eo istered, 2, Neve + PTaolation Ysog Splecqunles + ; t ‘ Opro couplers CNRS, a a Parg 4 Tohared Led Coen) a Polo +gZonsi He - When He Tp Rtqnal 31S apple) 40 TLEb, Hh tusn, ow. Row the Ughk Awlb oo roto Wansistoy, a Polo + Ranss roy ato Stor croductiog. «Thee As po Aerwtcal cunnertfon Eekwan LED § Photo Agonst seg © Whe Ase 8 fall Himes 4 photo “Agamisies tae wey ARUNKUMAR G wteon, Lecturer in E&CE Dept.* MOSERT Taeqqenving ctguit wsteg optecouplens Fig Q. Spo coupler gate Tevakten . » Sp gO antggesfog power we iver *0 the pO) oh plecuply Who ‘NS ss ave LED AuIns ON, Now ey {gla oo proto - Asomurso ut to Aig Ty Ausns ON. MOSFET % artwakd. Us, WSF ET Ps turn-on, Row apie 2 Othe LED urns -OFF, theebpre Proto ARAMAIC a When Vy ho xs oF F, Thasfere no Stynals appears at gpk MoSFET Thuy MOSFET sthewelyre MOSFET to FSolated Yorn Ane dvfve igus oyidad belwarn Anive Gre +KFggersieg “p wrned OFT, hen@, Wolakfeo ‘> chute & powes dani ARUNKUMAR G w.tocn, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.T.J.LT., Ranebennur. Gq CMosTeT)% Foirmutae 3 Nee - Veetsot) Re Ne -V ae ~ Re 1, Teese) Tecotd Ig Teor? 6. Pr =Vee le + Veete * problem 1. The bipolar transsing in pi@une stun bute & &putlied to howe Bp tothe AanQe Of & te 40. tha load aufstance tt Re = 1142, the de Supply vottage ts Veo =200v anette Hp Nottogitog tis bare tliat t Ve =10v Uy Verso = 1-0 and Veeuar =1.5¥, pind @ The vatue oh Ry, that Aesecdes, iv ne tine st > 6 » Satesativn uct an ODF of 5B be Faswed pang © the pews lew Pp ipdhe trans vos, ARUNKUMAR G wires, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.T-J.T., Ranebennur.Gin: Ve =2ev BIg. HB Bigs 4o., Ree ME , DPF = B, Va=10V, Veeesaty =10V & @® Vee cat) = 1.5V KT, Ig = Ne-Veevat) Re. Tetsar) Nee Nee Csax) But Tecsat) = Pmin ond Tegso2) = e Tecsas) = Wwov-iy tL (Bot 5 —_ eG) = min Ve i Wecsey= 18.09 & 8.96 WAT, ODES La(sar) = Q.266 Lecce) ar J. Ug = Opt, Lecsary , Re= Ye -Neetos) = Bx ance Te = 10V-1.5V Te = 1.338) 1.238 (6) Ferud ® faster : — Tetsar) _ 18.096 Prema Re ~ 338 Pyesad = 16 ARUNKUMAR G y.r03, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T°) poo Lom i the toate Py =Nee te + Veetsaty: Pe trot) = 1SXN83 1 xX 418.33 ee Sm) Qs A angle Hrargutier Seth 4 uted fo Connect co SHV OC SugQy Bret a Geloy Coll , which iS =p pulee 4, Beast tor Veiga? 0°84 Nee (sei)= 0-V Given data : Re=BoL Nee = Q4V, B=RS to ID Vice (sat) =°2V \ Vee tat) =0¢V , Ve = 5 Benen = 85, Benga =100. Nec -Vicecsat) 24 -02V Re Qo0 i) Read fee Opr=2 8 wT Tacos) = 2S = ae cv t oy Tatty = 4-8 m9 es ARUNKUMAR G yir.u, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. 8.1-I1.T., Ranebennur. DY Secsaty = ona> fle oor = 18 —~Tgcar - Tg = UDF X Teta) = 2X 4.20 ~ O.6 mA i) the eta carne Pr = Vee Te + Vee Be = OF X7.6 mA F0.2X 01ND Fr = 0.020F 0 3. Por tne Suutteing cacudt shown tm labo bids Colentate, 1) Ths peur g off tantistes : TW) The eet opr Tp te 5 oskeks Speed p ise th) The poset Los Py Of tee tlamssstor Nec =100v, Va=SV, Raa oe sy _ Re =12-% eetsaey SHON, Vselsary [Sen0 SF Re RK Nee, Ne L 9 SAP Givens Vee HOV, Na=sv, Ra = 08% ,Re=12 NCEE) SIV | ee (Sat) =1SY | B=10- ARUNKUMAR G wre, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.I.T., Ranebennur.Tetsar) ie Nee = = Se Nee (sat) = IVAW _ g ase Re 12 — ) Pipa = Bar Te (Sar) = And Ne - ™ Ty = YO Neetsaty SY -ISV¥ _ 4 2454 Re 3k “® = Tectat) R.2sH te = Yatea =he4 Bur, Tp(sary _ Tectot) _ gg asa 10 — A+ SHA 0-825 % ODF= iit) Feo les 9 = Nee te + Nee fe VB XA- BS F1X 82S Pra 48% | _m .A. A Pree BT as Gomecied ate Suttch at meen in By @ Lsth the Palouing dota: Calcaleke ; Prthe vole & fg that will etatt tn horation wh an OOF 4 de- Wy he Yercea B . \t_=toov, Vp=8V {iD powss Let Say He Premntieth we | Mun 2350 Neeauy= V95V Vee! Bathe eweelel _ ag whicd Pom tote &e) % Re stone Sot2 Ron: Vg =8V , Va =1d0V, Vee (Sat) =2SV, —_ Nage(sat) =1-4S¥ 1 Prnin =101 Boren =60 - Re = 10 1) Rg =9 with wpr-an Nee — Vice sak) _ too- 28 WAT, Tecsar) = 7 Re {ctsat) = 9.958 as A Seton) = Tecsat) _ DFS min to \Tecsar = 0.445 al Te Spe a — Iguat) “Tg sep xTauory = 20x OTH H ARUNKUMAR G y.1., Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S. LT, Ranebennur,Ve Nise In [Re =os2 i) _ dear) _ 9.45 Pars Te 4-5 ih) Pp = Vee le +Nee Te * Ras 8y -OAV —___. \9-S = (FS KIVS 4 QS x74 5) A Raw Suilch 4 yO bat fan tre egy, f EPHO- Calcslote. > ith an redative fat Net ulus 4, Re ~thakChetallt in Sohdation CSA 5. s 4% + Fan OR + ARUNKUMAR G wire, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. §.1.J.L.T.,Ranebennur.Ne BL = S, Prax $40 ODF HS Re HI , Cee (Kat) =!V , Vee(sat) =1SV, Nigp = ln Nee (Sot) = QovVu. 3) Rg with oDE=Aa Voe-Ncé (Sat) gpo-1 Re ~ Tecsar) — 144 = QARESA B vin 8 — opp. 28 5 In (ax) vg = UDF xPe(sor) = SXQ. 4875 = 12.43 FSA Te(Sar)= =.98 Teor) = B10 me Re = Seer (O-1.5V » Re = W=LSV Te 12.4345 Re 234 2 9 Pimad = TSO = Dae fi) Pr =VgetetNeete =1-SX12.4345 41 x 149 ARUNKUMAR G y.1., Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J.LT.,, Ranebennur.AniSebnakion Grddel - Formy Colleton Cent vofthout # clam pind E Mp2) = Y@-Na) -Vee Re a.tcsete Re Collector to emitter charm ping wettage Nice Vee = VBE4 Vd) — Vo % Coflerter Casrnt with clamping ). Tes Vee Nee ~Vay tVgo BE ne Re B oH} Ie= T+ 2. Te tee © 1 J Te calletith Clasmping Cut 4 yo hat Vee=H0°V, Reeksn, Wye atv, Vag=04V, Vpe=0-V, Vg =15V, p= pepe GaMtadate DTRe Gea Gdtent withn The, Galucath - emits eonging why Tee TD The Glleuh Gstent UGH Clamping. 0, Sei: Gaon: Ve = OV, Rea SME | Var = Quay Na = O4V | Vge =O4V Ne =Sv,Re=asv & Bre. ARUNKUMAR G si1., Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T-J..T:, Ranebennur,> @ Coflete: Cament tulthouk daropis8 Te == Ve Mai Niet ~1Sv -aiv -04v Re QSL 2.Tp ato 4-a8h = pts HKX4A. 88 Te [te = H&-O8F b) The Cotmertop emitter domping vera ge Noe = Vee +Vay —Vao = OAV +Q.1V —O4V {Nee = 1av C) Cottaket Gatint watt caroping » ha Nee -Nige -Vea) 4Nao _t0Ov -0Fv — 21 404 Re. LS T= 65.44 Bo cnet Gren © aa 4.BBA + CS HR) Gray’ Tes 66.15 ARUNKUMAR G yir.ci, Lecturer in E&CE Dept. S.T.J.1.T., Ranebennur.