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Coro (1985) «Arprofodinent tiene. xs stoi dino sis Tn malenaitcn dane C Mangione (acura, Siena eos. Sst in onore dL. Gemonat, Cran, Milan 1985, pp. 13-10. Cami) Onoda cco er yperbolex Typ. F Binh Vss, 1703 ier (1977) sOntie Use Rigtes Poof, cence 196 197,09. 792. 5 King (1972) — Mathematical Tous fom Ancient 6 Modern Times, Ost UP. New York, 197, Lavoie (S10) Téa Caen iret td cae igre 100 i Cour Pari 1810 tatats U916)— Proof and Reficaions,Canbvige UP. Cambridge, 1976, {ats (998) — Piluophicl Papers Cambidge UP. Cais, 178 vals) Lope (1782)— oMémoie are ees Mit Acad Rey Se, Hn, Math ys 179, pub 182, p. 207909 opts (11H) Thoreau des proba, 1a, Cour, Pai, im Moneta (179) —inoie der Mahima (0), H. Apa Fai 1799180 4 vals). Panna (985) — «Nests, clei, continua wu Fea de ANS css, Anise 2 1985, pm. 6898 \arignon (F715) — ePrcoons a iene dans Vesage des Suits cu Sti Tne >, Mém, Acad Roy Se TIS, pp 205-25. eRom SClENTIFIC AND PHILOSErH CAL ConTReVERSIES (ED FeRWANRG @IL) Lisson: FRAgMENTOS. 1990 me INTUITIONISM VERSUS PLATONISM: |A 26th CENTURY CONTROVERSY CONCERNING. ‘THE NATURE OF NUMBERS anald A. Giioe™ 1 Introduction the problen of te eisence wns of bers is almost as pliosohy el Thr re spl, et persuasive, argues, whieh base that we ought pote he oxstnce or uber, Consider, er example, Pe (ston Are ere any ric nanbersalwecn 4 87” Tho answer "Yo. {Tere arenes nul Std But nm the ropostion; Thee are two pine ss it ellons opel oa bes in ber woah smimbore cst "This concn is nfrel hy sever ela cones, We se cxression to fer to numbers ich are eat ie Dow wed 1 eer 0 psa objects Compare th ove prime mith able inthe comer 18 Ia to quay aver ntmre i gency aceyee hares of ys Hence, by Quine’ well anown ecrion (148) On Wat Thre 1}, me ae ‘pin end ods conclusion ta nbs ex ‘Ye ihe cancion fmt & very appealing ob. Numbers te curs, satiny elites que ei air jc chs bls and eas, ower ‘hand ogc ore Do we el ave wo pst he exer ot Sth svange ings, and fv doy wt acoont canbe given of erate? {Tis ithe psn I hl eeu nh pose pop Us geese ‘pret dtetof vonroeny 20 century pony, jst did nba Greck fe Medial pos. ‘One apres eblom in be calle eduction. Theron ist are a ngs capes hich do sce eer to nbs tert rsh astot cle). We do, moreover. qn vet vasaes ‘ding for sth cnc, Howescr, ie cain, hese lings fms a> Instn, ant inte coy as convene ton. AM he relevant “etences conte valli or efaen (Hough Rr ong) ences whieh dorotinole citer freee, quanficaton ve, umber Sets veer sc nies Ths we done lela to pate ha ‘bers ent, ut cm conn orcnes with physi abet. “Fis oppose an be laste, and ener pail, by he xan af she average Engin. Th average English ea being eve more carious hae mtr. ekas 2, chien orexample.Ytiis sang ing oes rat cao posopss mach pepeniy is obvies that any te venience tout he average Englishman ant alld wa selgfnwatd way i Sentences whch efer nt oiay ex-and-oolLngshtan. Ts vedo hve poste he eristeace of the average Enlshnan with ispecsiae ily. The edn hope hat sii sategy wil reader sopeetiuoas the asunyiton Oa oun, stoner saat ens exis ‘Tere fane ban aman of peta een works whore te trdcey i rednconitin avo wns, Two resting, hou very ile books. re ‘Ghaeschina’s (1973 Qnilogyand he Vou Cirle Principe aa ay Fl’ O80 Seience Whihout Number, shal nt towever, this ppee ‘Sse eduction any aber, sine my am ew Sse what happens we Seen at ruber tc dene airy give account of hee ste Pionsn gone fe ies aceans oie exisence of aso eis, a [tastings opments inthe 208 contr wal Weil earning ‘ety ewes of he mn tons sich proponent th ca Stn. 2, Platonism Inhis (19) ant Thuht, Troe dcvelosa theory of hid el or swf aractenier Herecogseseesonsof ings: (Dima ohjets Int eneral word 2 eas na uticlr consciousness, an (3) objective shsvect nies Preseues he word les to refr to something subjte ad insvisl. A vow onthe oer bap he coment woh i expel by {yentnc, a he age at thoy canot be abject 0x8, beans, (apt, stows p16: ster people Gan act to the, shh I exes inthe Pylagrcan Hea usa do. Foge goes ot sy (tp. 17-18 Sothe eu coms tobe hough a er ings inh xtra word ein im ns be cognisd. Anything olonging to hs el has it in comon nih eae ht cana be peed By te sess, bhi in ‘Cheon wi ings ht oc nol eed owner soas oblong theconents ‘tit conscious Ths fr ep th thoght we have exes he ying here is tines te, eas adopt of wheter anyone 0 takes itt be tu, med o own, Ih ot ae oay fn he tins we fe plnes= ere Fe oly cn ssi ugh, bt sams ease to sate ithe mld hare ord nor ou bitte is id ‘cal, Thsteimbaobviogsinarico los wld fom acon ‘abso cis which xi eb yet ots space a ime ‘Sine views warceyeencd y GO! ni foes (1987 ate What is Comers Comino problem» Here Gil foasses on st rather han sumbes or oughta nwt own pase nthe 1953 supplement > Te paper, be wisp. 483-45 + theajots osu theor..ceary do mtblorg oth sist roti and even hk nde oanceton itp experience er os {wing inary oh ct seer concepts pay oly xe rae ‘ne py vies of ta) Bu despite thi emotes fom enseexerenes, we do ave someting tke prep soo the bye se hay, es soem fm He a hat the avons fre thames up was igi don see any reson why ‘ee Sou ave ss cenidnce tis ind of porepin, en matbemaa Janiton tian sss pce, wich inducer sbi lyse eons dw etc bat fate sense perception il prs wi ton. The 5 “Shot puadons hardly any mor tnblsnms fr meas | sepions of de seses afr phys For ise st do eit ut yd at eng 1 the sia Wo lary shout thn by 2 specs cay of matmacl ion wich is Sinner rom ose pecepton, Gil ases However thatthe aa gen by ‘muemstea iden ae no pay subjective. Ashe 598 (9. PAB lt yao cins folly, However, st he dats fe scond kind ease they camot be ase with acoso oi things upon os sns organs. ‘Se tnhing pussy as Kantasserd, Raber ey. 00, may ere Senranaspectaajectve ely bu. apps tthe stnsns, thei res ‘einusmaybe cc narother kino lstonphetweenouslvesnseaiy. ‘hess Paton views hive sve pins sie Hivoue Thy geovide jnstcaton for any spt of aren mata! peice — ling ot mpl, hey of sor forsale ape. Tey even via he they of ‘athena nan, provid soxneson of sufi forte axioms uly ‘Round by matenatlans. Yetdesptethesagrebl fests, and dsp s Ino very diingused 20" entry opens, Paton fas newer hn, teen’ pope iow atone pillnoyers of mami st such pis her fad be Plana ral of abut elles ous space ard inet) mysterious ond wetphysicl tober acceptable Moreover isaze dubs aa afore naton nea explore lati rae aaa a ca faa sig rm sonse-percpion? Amity, 3 {Gad ay, te aio of et eary do seem 1 (cit p48) fs Sa oo uta sings; Bl hs could ke 3 phyehotogi sion aa re ei of matcmatal inrctin and ay of eenrtc cae? Parags te bai niles of Ast’: piesoghy foe he ca ee talcel biker artng oer any years isc td sy of, Arist a asia special fact of material into, just tov alas a? The soca axiom of conpecension appeared obvious a a jot uch major mabenatal vntersas Frege, Deekind ee sels patos aivable om hisanon ia fw ies. Gt rete beats itl hy conann he ethereal radon ae rake snes, Butte oe to cases ely asogous? Opts xd cerns sions ately rior and psa mates rae i ao rah ps wo xs nino the eer ha ores ton in oneal charace ofthe wo of 52 saa das dices Posse scr. net comply pri apne to acta exe slope by Broun 3. Imation Forte Platonian ci xis ejosively and independently of etanbciogs For Brvweron he ter an mahenatateniiy at he aera ema census of an navi tater aed RSE mute esse te vit fa sltny Human sul (ME ae ew ceeson in gngless ment constarnsin Ns eet ca ae na ean sags rom hs 1935 pape «YOON ule, ngage, Brouwer writs, p83 sco tora onan min! equiped with an atiited mney, par mae seo eS ate el waht og Img signs, woul emctr trouver dos ai of cons, atte Inguneles conseutions of a oe one ngage sat ecreatve soe (A) 8 hth another ara (0 9) Howeve,h npc eer fling af rom mata 5 ood be an xs Se orci tsorte oom mindsojeinecnpscnsssma ae of A Tus the passage quel bore conus (0.43) ses tn enacings wo bln mata ormuizalion etnen un Heng witha nie memory, because ey wou sil Be eo Tos language os thir means of west» Lot us examine sent the process by which, acconting 10 raves the nada eae rene emt murs. Her Brouwer devon al Kans ayoce the ensvarion is Paced en Be te ‘Gifs apes a the passe of ime, Ks ind had agit ay a rs nich dns to ld Ue, hs eporl deve ‘aahon wien, seeding to Brower, frm te basis of the cnsrston of vere ee caps am Brewers agra asso 1972, which the poses desea (p 27.8: tis neo inition eonsiets te fling spas of monet fie 0 quel fren pr 0 be reed only whe remaining sepa bY aaah linden ycaorenen ofthe human inelect,asing by BS emanate imo opdmanl poennernnof rae ating te inniiono he aetwo-onenes. THs insisanof worenene, Fea ston teats, crete a only he ner coe ad ty ee ants odin momber nash a one of te clreniso te to- ray te ugha nom Cwo-onens, wi TOSES may BS SRoNCHadnly tn iver tl erie th sas infil ‘ote > pot arta comunertin dion th into of iat voor aad caste mpage Broaweran cones, Ove ine denen raver dacs nt anapne tb coms of he eta wr cin te nh wa hat Rani 4d coum ES 1.23 ram ety pcre av one ds ete cei. Tis my Meee second igen pone ft Bowell BS eesieon pecs ge sara he ales ified uber ee arn towne ec of Broewer's vis, As Wer of a freed pba ame powermt agai te rabjctive view of Fe el a8 yearetore Huo i he eonaton of ain in Meee oun. treawer nowhere eases Hse arguments of Frege's and a tp scm hve suo Froge at al As Heytng sys 1929. a oe ying (et ts E. Browwe, Collected Works, Voh 1p. 568 croawer sens ot hate know roe’ work He has never mentions “isi wt suing as night a ist sam, The ecbtation scree sud of Pegs sn alargeestentapstserand Work! Was pene ier aay pre a conry Frege ns wily eg 8 Hains Pana edel by Ras whom Brose dl sy andere mdi ress {tas however, bly examine Frege's iam of the subectve view fmt wilt remenberhs Pogues fe tm ses forabjectve aoa inna conssouees- 19 ths eminlgy. De sabe te view of mur canbe formated asthe cain that numbers reese fav of Pepe’ stam gant his poston that raters were indeed ‘eas, ere woulsbsnotjatone aber, bras many nanbertwosastiee ‘vere people who hl Kar artic, for each si peson wou have 2 “Bitene ea fo ln his pret consctoneness. Tas consequence of he ‘Rbjecte pose, Frege ropa as shard an antl, AS he says, (1788) Foundation f Arie para 27, site rune wo wer an ia, he it wool ane saght aay 10 be private ome only, Aer aside ex emi (rom he pows of he ountary tne 6), anier hse. We shot thon have ig be my ‘illgn wes on ut hands We shoul fave to speck omy two a our vo ‘Stonetalon ok rucenscius eas, we sth conscious (wos song em, which woul he earn subsequently 160% SGoummcse Ar new gence chen gfe ep ew generation fro Stout sony be being ben, andi he couse of lei these might Chote. forall we condi such ph facto Fem would make fe» netter argument Frege's st De sbjectivas nae hei dep ‘on poycholoy, nes, sly artte Ss wore crn an ext thon pehulgy, Ase pit (GRE Foundation of rune, pra 7.38 wou te suangef te mot nat fl he selene ad ee tpt fram pyeiogy. nc sl ling ay eo suey» [Anat difeaty oncens the prblem of Row ft we cam gst ith ronwersconsintionprecess Les suppose tata sep akess tine, Sy eto complete then looks asf hr at upper teal wo the sie o 3 ume wscheon be cont y abana ing sn. Suppose Hs est Tor tine Ty shen I canon cont ty amber peter than Tech ‘Sosturton sp cons of lingo. Ese if we alow H mre cones ‘muction, tee would sll scm w te an oper bound t0 Ue sie of ‘one sunbers. rower iy nes tat tis he ease by ‘Sowing ee eonstictina oa ite amber andeven oft infin name ‘aru he scaly aside llowing a is, given hs peer posion? Stu tment fs, Adely he S-ce sri fnis ecepe Ta theres upper bor tential amber wich are adsl, However, "oti hat any cubes would Bs happy witha which ti otal then a etal ate nabs ‘Sarng fom his aps uhematies eales a subj west constuetons, Bowver devel anew syste of mathematics into ‘natn whveh dileed rom sandal malematis ina ube of Ways mafarieclty i dialowing thew ofthe of exc mien sms “Stow ichear tnt Bre oped at new ieulonisie mathematics ‘Would eae eran abematic Some of is falowerye- Wey, owt ‘Beouwervatenytoctangemacnates proved, boas wordst0 922 ‘Meabegranding dr Matt p12) et -the Revolt, bt omy 28 ‘enpled Pash fom he sat conden aus.» Theil of ti Tronic mansnacs cate ater doubt on fe coctees of Brooves ‘cont ofthe aus wares entice Yet ees sl seething itor Bower Hic vw of stent etio mambo Soc.) ain Some sense haa conics sass ene Moreover eds at {odovloy ate proces or generating auners aber han consign thom wt serine a metaphyseal Pte wor ‘ets wu dco hea ews, repaeing tea umber to cng in hfs ball ofthe 20h cemiey (Fee conve wo exe ‘eden views ann parc oemalen whieh I censier oa ‘Crredctnin), Tesco views ave bth some oisin hau, bt ae et onal acpi, Might we erelre hope to develop some sates of | the two posts? —a sys which combined their song pos wie tnodng i defects sul next conser an aegis etn, ud taken by Pores. Topper develo hit vows on his she ew hemi an sees scout Bemis (1972) Oe Krowede. We wil givea et exo ‘Shot Pope's porto sora eso uhcrtes— inthe not 4, Constructive Platoniom Popper ace Fees division of ics it ts woes, bt hisaecoust ‘tthe fd molt wed vry rea fm Pepe's, oon aoa Poni, fo psclar Popper seeps Brouwer’ ca Pot aera ones ce human oncactens. As Popper himself pts (1972) Object Knowledge, 3,9. 2 Plan's hind wor was vn: was eh aed course, rt. Tas eels mip ga ncn iam id wos my rd werd arma fd clanging. conaar et ony ta anes bu alse on, ee sly ope olen, eonetees, a eftons.» Poppe asoexpliity msnions nmbersas ibis fis hid work. A espn top lp8) Pace Kronccer Lagi with Brora he seqanoceof tra manbers isa umanconseston But aioe creat misseuence, ernest ovn “Shtomomeusprotiens nist The sinc etwcenolandeven umber ‘Mot cee by si a urnended and yravoldabe consequence of {eaton Prine nantes of cure, se msi nimended atonomo1 ws _bjctive fc an in el casi vous that here ae any et ese For SMS Uover ere ve cnjctarce ie Glltah’s. And these cones, ‘Bongtcy eect tdjetso aur ecason, fer diy poems Tafa wich hae srchow emerged rom our cen al which cant masei es Ttcnce hey ar ha ats andthe uh about em se ard to dicoee “Tis eampiies what Yan whon Fay tat he hin! words rss weamous, tough este By ue opporbeiasby cing Brouwer, utqucky moves a rom rouver by insane barahe word of mamta! emes saunas ad objetive Poppe farther pans ror Broovery sting tats singe aid aways Peles mor fm the ud word than be of she conus wit (0972) (bjetve Knowledge, Ch 3p. 17) sth hid woth wero bjsive knowledge (or moe gone of tne jet spi soma Bu spac oo ay ne of wee caesar create tinker, sy exons mpac wich any of “is point of vow testo acter divergence from Brouves aww eld dot material entkies ae the prodct of am inde males TEaelae Popper sees hem a podared by the combined ffs of Teer iy of mathenacons wotking gee, fin other words, 3 saan okdrarons So mathras eso eeordingio Pope, kesomceralt Be ocnceh ty an nv artim ike cabal which ws Tp bagh tb evaded labours of hanes of workers. The ebesal Laspor fs dae w Popes hina who wees, (972 Objective Knowledge, Ch 188): wing on ence is auton activ tie being aiedahs gain opp sys. eating bist word, (197) Obetve Knowle, Ce cAitotasconbatt its goth bt ales uri eontibatons se aisingly sal» Poppe shor of Wert can te ssnas a syuhesis nie een sense eee es of Platonian he asi of Ino, We have ‘Tne (Patoism) Mae enics ave objective, std ex, 1 9 into sense, depen of human beings.

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