1.

Discuss the eight principles of the ISO 9000 standard

The ISO 9000 is a family of standards and guidelines related to the quality
management system (QMS). It sets the requirements for the assurance of quality
and for managements involvement.

The thrust of ISO 9000 is for organizations to implement a QMS conforming to the
standards requirements and, through the consistent, rigorous employment of the
QMS, to Improve customer satisfaction by fulfilling customer requirements

Achieve continual improvement of organizational performance and competitiveness

Continually improve its processes, products, and services

Comply with regulatory requirements

The ISO 9000 eight principles from total quality management are as follows

1. Customer Focus -Understand the customers needs, meet the customers requirements,
and strive to exceed the customers expectations.

2. Leadership - Establish unity of purpose and organizational direction and provide an

environment that promotes employee involvement and achievement of objectives.

3. Involvement of People - Take advantage of fully involved employees, using all their
abilities for the benefit of the organization.

4. Process Approach -Recognize that things accomplished are the results of processes and
that processes along with related activities and resources must be managed.

5. System Approach to Management -The multiple interrelated processes that contribute to

the organizations effectiveness are a system and should be managed as a system.

6. Continual Improvement -Continual improvement should be a permanent objective

applied to the organization and to its people, processes, systems, and products.

7. Factual Approach to Decision Making - Decisions must be based on the analysis of

accurate, relevant, and reliable data and information.

8. Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships -Both the organization and the supplier
benefiting from one anothers resources and knowledge results in value for all

2. Discuss Pareto Charts

 A Pareto chart, also called a Pareto distribution diagram, is a vertical bar graph in
which values are plotted in decreasing order of relative frequency from left to right.
Pareto charts are extremely useful for analyzing what problems need attention first
because the taller bars on the chart, which represent frequency, clearly illustrate
which variables have the greatest cumulative effect on a given system.

The Pareto chart provides a graphic depiction of the Pareto principle, a theory
maintaining that 80% of the output in a given situation or system is produced by
20% of the input. The Pareto chart is one of the seven basic tools of quality control.
The independent variables on the chart are shown on the horizontal axis and the
dependent variables are portrayed as the heights of bars.

A point-to-point graph, which shows the cumulative relative frequency, may be

superimposed on the bar graph. Because the values of the statistical variables are
placed in order of relative frequency, the graph clearly reveals which factors have
the greatest impact and where attention is likely to yield the greatest benefit.

Usage and Benefits of Pareto Charts

Pareto Charts are very useful tools to focus attention and apply resources to the "big"
problem areas in business.

Often people know how to make improvements to a process but they are not aware of the
point from where they should start working. This is where the Pareto charts can help.
There can be different types of errors and problems in a process like customer
dissatisfaction, complaints, measurement irregularities, employee attrition and
unnecessary delays and these errors round up to create major discrepancies in the process
outputs.

In conclusion, using Pareto Charts help you identify:

What are the largest issues facing your team or business

What 20% of sources are causing 80% of the problems (80/20 Rule)

Where should you focus your efforts to achieve the greatest improvements
Flowchart is a graphic representation of a process. A necessary step in improving a process
is to sketch a flowchart. A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm,
workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by
connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution
model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or
managing a process or program in various fields
3. Discuss fish bone diagrams
Fishbone diagrams are also called as Cause-And-Effect Diagrams. Fish bone diagrams are
used determine the causes of problems and isolate them from the process.
This technique also focuses on particular group to eliminate irrelevant discussions and can
be used on any problem in real time.This is the only Total Quality Tool, which in not
based on statistics.The cornerstone of this tool is visualizing how the different factors
associated with a process affects the process's output. Fish bone diagram provides a
graphical view of the total process which can be easily interpreted by our brain.

Benefits of using Fish-bone or Cause-and-Effect Diagrams:

- the process of creating the diagram is an instructive process
- the diagrams enables to focus on group of factors in order to reduce
the irrelevant discussions
- separates causes from symptoms and force the issue of data collection
- Fishbone diagrams can be used to solve any kind of problem
4. Discuss Histograms:
Histograms are used to graph the frequency of the occurence. This technique uses the data
associated with processes to find out how often an incident or something happens. This
involves understanding two kinds of data commonly associated with processes. The
two types of data include Attributes and Variable Data. The Attributes are the output
products of the processes either the processes 'has or might not have' or 'good or bad', or
'accept or reject'. Variable Date can be in the form of measured values
like dimension, weight, voltage, etc.,
Histograms uses statistical techniques for quality and process applications and allows to
calculate the process variability from the data.
The process variability can be calculated by calculating the mean, standard deviation.
5. Discuss control charts for variables.
Control Charts helps in differentiating the special causes and common causes of problems
to evaluate the problems being faced and finding the appropriate solution for them. Here
special causes refers to change in material used, machine problems or lack of employee
training and common causes refers to the random occurrences of problems.
The data related to the process are plotted over time and two limits are set from
the center line as Upper Control Limit (UCL) and
Lower Control Limit(LCL). The data is kept between the UCL and LCL and when a
special cause impacts the process the data plots a point penetrating either UCL or LCL or a
group of plot points above or below the center line. When the plot shows a point
penetrating the UCL or LCL or a long run of points deviated from the center line indicates
that something is wrong and needs immediate attention.

Control Charts are the appropriate tool for monitoring the processes. As long as the plot
points stay between the UCL and LCL and stay on the process average line, it can be
considered that the process is in statistical control. The properly used Control Chart will
alert the operator immediately if the data or the plot point deviates from the centerline or
UCL and LCL.
6. Discuss flowcharts and give a simple example

Types of Flow-Chart

High-Level Flowchart
A high-level flowchart shows the major steps in a process. It illustrates a "birds-eye view"
of a process; such a flowchart offers a basic picture of the process and identifies the
changes taking place within the process

Detailed Flowchart
The detailed flowchart provides a detailed picture of a process by mapping all of the steps
and activities that occur in the process. This type of flowchart indicates the steps or
activities of a process and includes such things as decision points, waiting periods, tasks
that frequently must be redone (rework), and feedback loops.

Deployment or Matrix Flowchart

A deployment flowchart maps out the process in terms of who is doing the steps. It is in
the form of a matrix, showing the various participants and the flow of steps among these
participants. It is chiefly useful in identifying who is providing inputs or services to
whom, as well as areas where different people may be needlessly doing the same task

Example of flow chart:

7. Explain what is an FMEA.

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) is an analytical technique to determine all

possible failures of a process or a product and designating them according to their risk
factors and setting up a motion action to reduce the probability or frequency of
their occurrence. FMEA will point towards the problems which need to be solved by using
appropriate tools.

FMEA helps to identify all the possible modes of failure that are possible to occur in a
process or a cycle.After identifying the problems, the "effects analysis" takes place and
analyzes the consequences of every possible potential failures and then the consequences
are ranked using:
- seriousness of the customer
- probability of the occurrence of the problem or failure
- probability of detecting the problem in order to prevent the defect from happening.

FMEA can be involved and implemented at the following points:

- during design or redesign of a process or product
- when the existing process need to be improved
- when trying to use the existing process in new style
- when safety is an issue
8. Provide an overview of the Toyota practical problem solving process

Toyotas Practical Problem-Solving Process is a methodology composed by eight

different steps that aim at achieving a total quality approach by implementing continuous
improvement

The 8 steps of the Toyota Business Process are:

1. Clarify the problem

Clarify the problem includes alignment to the Ultimate Goal or Purpose and to identify the
Ideal situation, current situation and the gap

2. Breakdown the problem

Breakdown the problem requires breakdown into manageable pieces using the 4Ws and
finding the Prioritized Problem, Process, and Point of Cause.

3. Set a target
Set a Target is to the Point of Cause and Determine How much and By when.

4. Analyze the root cause

Analyze Root Cause is to brainstorm multiple Potential Causes by asking WHY and to
determine Root Cause by going to see the process.

5. Develop countermeasures
Develop Countermeasures is to brainstorm countermeasures, narrow using criteria,
develop a detailed action plan, and gain consensus.

6. See countermeasure
Through means to share status of plan by reporting, informing and consulting and build
consensus, never give up, think and act persistently

7. Evaluate both results and process

Determine if the target was achieved and evaluate 3 viewpoints, and look at process and
results

8. Standardize successful processes

Standardize Successful practices, share results and start the next round of kaizen

Many of these steps have sub steps which address further questions that helps isolate
and re-mediate the issues.

9. Explain Total Quality Decision Making process

Decision making process is series of activities which are logically sequenced and are used
to make decisions effectively.
The decision making process involves the various steps
1. Identifying the situation: This steps is like being defensive and allows no
assumptions.The better the managers know their employees the better they will be to
anticipate the situation.
2. Gathering the facts: The underlying causes could be result from various possibilities
like unpopular management policy, dissatisfaction with the team leader, ineffective
processes etc.,
The manager should separate the causes from symptoms using the total quality techniques
to determine the root cause of the issues. This helps to resolve the issues permanently.
3. Considering all the alternatives:
This step further involves two steps:
i) list down all the alternatives available
ii) evaluating each of the alternatives by considering all the facts related to them like cost,
supply, demand etc.,
4. Choosing the best alternative: Best alternative should be selected among all the
alternatives available by analyzing will the alternative will have desired effect and
positive outcomes?
5. Implement: Implementing the alternative selected
6. Monitoring and Adjustment: Monitoring the outcomes and results of the implementation
of new method and adjusting the parameters accordingly to get the desired output.

10. Explain why quality tools are important

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a systematic approach to quality improvement that
marries product and service specifications to customer performance. TQM then aims to
produce these specifications with zero defects. This creates a virtuous cycle of continuous
improvement that boosts production, customer satisfaction and profits. TQM improves
profitability by focusing on quality improvement and addressing associated challenges
within an organization. TQM can be used to:

Increase productivity

Lower scrap and rework costs

Improve product reliability

Decrease time-to-market cycles

Decrease customer service problems

Increase competitive advantage

11. Social Networking content
1. 5 Sustainable packaging trends to watch in 2017.
From the above article we can clearly say that now a days all the companies are focusing on
sustainability, when it comes to packaging. Earlier companies used to focus on quality of product
and branding. But, companies are looking into different ways of incorporating sustainability.
There are lot of trends being followed like labeling, light weight packaging, use of recyclable
materials etc. Hence we can say this year packaging will be smarter and efficient and easy to
dispose after use. Use of recyclable materials will also help to reduce waste and avoid pollution.
A good step being taken by many companies.

Thank You.

Utkarsh Manjrekar (uhm2)

2. EFF warily applauds Windows 10's data collection changes

Microsoft announced the launch of a web-based privacy dashboard that lets you pick and choose
what information gets sent to the company be it tracking data, speech recognition, diagnostics
or advertising IDs that apps glue on to your system for targeted marketing. Concerns have been
raised over the operating systems Wi-fi password sharing feature (which was updated last year
in response to those concerns), Microsofts plans to keep people running counterfeit software, the
inability to opt out of security updates, weekly dossiers sent to parents on their kids online
activity, and the fact that Windows 10 shares a lot of your personal information by default
contacts, calendar details, text and touch input, location data, and more with Microsofts
servers. Also, Microsoft had to stop collecting what CNIL said was excessive data and tracking
users browsing without their consent.

Thank You.

Utkarsh Manjrekar (uhm2)

3. Robust vs. robot learning

After reading the above article we can say that, automated services and electronic butlers play an
important role in our day to day life. Its been around 50 years since Stanley Kubrick introduced
HAL (Heuristically programmed Algorithmic computer). Hence, machine learning is an
important topic of conversation in business. With the help of machine learning everything has
now became automated. Due to this, creative thinking and thinking out of the box has been
stopped by people. But anyways machine learning has eased lot of efforts of normal man. When
leaders model a healthy dose of curiosity, it infects everyone around them. When leaders admit
they dont know an answer or ask "why?", when they openly follow an intuitive lead just to see
where it goes, when they sit humbling at the feet of customers, watching in awe at how they
really interact with your products. All this sends a powerful message through the organization.
But, on the other side leaders who use more questions than statements may indeed find
themselves spending more time in conversation. They will also find themselves surrounded by
thought partners who offer a learning advantage over machines. But observing the effects of
machine learning overall, it is a good innovation as it has reduced lot of efforts.

Thank You.

Regards,

Utkarsh Manjrekar.