Digital Design

(CS/EEE/INSTR F215)

Dr.Anita Agrawal
BITS, Pilani-K.K.Birla Goa campus
Chapter 8

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 State diagrams and state tables:
To describe the behavior of FSMs which have fewer
inputs and outputs

Algorithmic state machines:

To describe the behavior of FSMs which have larger
inputs and outputs

Analogous to traditional flowcharts

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Partitioning of a digital system

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 Controlled Architecture: Processes the data.

Controller: Supplies a time sequence of commands to the

devices of the data processor

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 Controlled architecture: data processing elements

Controller: elements which provide the time sequence of

commands.
is designed as a clocked synchronous sequential network
having several states each associated with the production of
a set of commands.

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 A well defined procedure consisting of a finite number of steps
to the solution of the problem is called an algorithm. (controller:
hardware algorithm)

controller : ..Algorithmic State Machine..

ASM

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ASM . can be used as a stand-alone system

....Mealy machine or a Moore machine

.Hence another alternative approach to clocked synchronous

sequential network modeling

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Model of an algorithmic state machine

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Timing of an algorithmic state machine

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Transition Period: During which the external inputs and status
inputs are applied. The signals propagate through the network
and undergo transitions.

Stable Period: The values are usable by the various devices of the
system.

State Time: a periodic signal from a clock is used. Each clock

period corresponds to one state time.
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 Combinational circuits of controlled architecture can respond during
the stable period.

If an action is to occur coincident with the synchronizing clock signal

then this will occur at the end of the state time.

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ASM Mealy & Moore
The next state and The next state and
output functions are output functions are
defined for the entire defined only at the
stable period of a state sampling times
time

Both conditional and Only one of them will

state outputs can occur occur depending upon
in the same ASM the type of model
(Mealy/Moore)

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Flowchart ASM
Uses boxlike or circular Uses boxlike or circular
symbols for representation symbols for representation
Each symbol requires one Entire collection of the
time interval symbols correspond to a
single time interval
Each symbol is executed All events occurring within
sequentially and is the single time interval are
completed before the next considered to be executed
simultaneously

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1. The State Box
2. The Decision Box
3. The Conditional output Box

The events within an ASM block occur simultaneously

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The state box

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The decision box. (a) Symbol.
(b) Alternate symbol.

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The conditional output box

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Example of an ASM block and its link paths

Link Link Link Link Link

path path path path path
1 2 3 4 5

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