Transition Elemet Complenss (AZ) +A transition element complex conmiats of @ tromition meta afom surrcundedk by gence. “A complex fon has a comtral motel jon with ligands sucrounching it~ The [ig amcla attachte Hea central foh by co-cvelnate bonole , Ligonde + atoma, or tons, which posses Jone par + form co-ordinete bonds to the Contras ion. + donate a [ots parr into vacat orbitets on thea Central species ¢ ebchonsBondéng in simple complex ions AICH.0) 27 * Aleminivemn [s*28*2pf3 st * Forming Al? tron (s*2s*2p° “Now all the 3-level orbitals ore eimphy, © The chuinthiuon woes © of these orbital to accept lone poire From Six water molecules «lt re-organtses Chg br'disea) He 3S, the teres Bp anck two of the 3d ombitada te produce 6 how hybrd orbitls, alt with the Same ehen © Sox is Fhe marimain Mumber of wat molrles thet possible to Fit arcuncl on alisint matin ion (and Por most other meted ion),° By medecng the iraritorin habbo of bonke, if valves host emrgy anol becomes mest Chang ehically otebee HE H2O Ho Ho, 6 Aybad orb i ij ° ia elated l ¥] GI iY Lal 1 Ho) 0 0 ° Tha resting Complan fon : Ho +34 Hoe. _tOH, SAIS 407 t Son, HO © Becaun the breton pairs fromm wottr mobiles Ore Shovel with tha order of the im tha 3+ charge iS he longer locetrel erchireley on the clemibiiuny, but is How Sprtad over the whele of The fom , © Co-ordination rubber of & col bax ion is the mambey of co-orebnate (lative) bones te the contrat meted ion. © Fen [Ug], the comorcnahion nein = 6 a Shape a [AICHs0),]" “comp len Tenis ocbhadistFe(H.0),"* + Electronic sentient Couter shetls) Fe HOO fy 1h Siete a ic tooo & + The Fe** uses 6 orbitals from the 4S, YP oncl 4d favely to accept Lote port from the wetrn tobaclia © The orbitteds are hybrelisatl to produce 6 orbital, oh ateal emryy, op ae 45 4p ded RY Woooo 0 000 Sooogg Cs these orbitele orn bybrictisad ond tuted fo aceapt (ona pairs From 6 wetir molrunea H© ot Hor dot Fee HORN, OH, HO "Dron is Formcng 6 bonds, Ha, co-ovcbinection btbin of the ihon Ts & © Shape of cobpler jon [Fe(hacle] tis octahedralCulla 0 Example of Compt ion with B hegective Chery © Elsctouse config urcction : (Phe 1sr2sr2p6 35% 3p gy 4s‘ Cae Is*2as*ap6as*apead? Te bomck the + Alene ions , the empty 3 and Sp orbitals one ware Cin hybridhesecl fora) to acespt a lows parr Of ebectrona Prom coe chunicle 10%» Bo couse CMende ios are bigger than watrr meleculea, ony 4 chhedle iomy cam Pt arcund the. Conthal jon 2 Cet emma 8 fog Mooon et ol or ene alr oe ° ar Chere v shape tadrobadood, Cur, he “ 6 © The compen ion cornss 2 nagetive chovges overall, Thed comis from a combinchion of the > positive chorgea on the Copper jon ancl H Negechive chargssforn the Ciena, © The Co-Prdinction kumban of the copper isk,Classification of gona * Some ligands attach thaimoelvea ache two or more lone pairs. * Claasefee by the nuinbsr of lone pass they use. smulticintate and bidentate Ms gaol Lead to more Stoble complexea , Monedortute [Unidentate form one co-ordcnate bonol . vag. C17, OH", CNT, NHS and HO :O: oe CO of: x: Bidentote. form two Co-erdnate bonds 729. HeNCHaCHeNH2 and C207” 1, 2-deaminoethane (en) ethanedioate ion(ox) Teel airs+ the bidowtode lig ando Jookscl Like a pair of headphones, camming lone pairs on each of te “ear pieces” These will than fit snuggly axeuncl a metal fon. £2 ee These lone pairs Can both be used. te forin co-ovelinate bonds with the Sane metal ion.oN: (Ha CHaCHe Ha) ow [viens] Zt Ae uF NH o the nickel is ‘Forming 6 como dihate bonds , the Conovdinotion imdser of this Comp baw fom rs6, * CrCe.0a)y*” or [Cred 3)” = The ovigihal chrotniium ion carried 3+ charges, and each ethanackvats jon Carnet 2-- The overt choegs eff cop ax aca oeadriechte ligand , + a guacknidentete liganel hes 4 (ore pairs, ancl alk of which can bond to the Gutral mtat ion era mp he. in hagmogloben . + Hen fon troppack th the hain stuctune | les HOOC’) ‘COOH NiFees\N it N / K Hagim @ comphx comfaching irenti!) nae ee = the red colour in blood ancl fer the tromapert of onIgen by rat blood Cells . the ivon forms 4 co-ordinate, bors with the haom, but still hoo space to form two mere — one ahove end one below the plane % fhe ring.~The protecn globin atfoches to one of these positions wing @ lone pair on one of the rtregans jn one of IHS Alntne acide RC mall partep a profecn molecule globin thes Hob moleudle can be WS Cae replaced by Op melecdte « s overall, the complex ion hos co-ordination ro. 6. the wate moleedeC bottom position) (8 easily veplorced. by om ony gen molecule (via a lone pair on one of the onygeno in Oz) . This ahows farincglobin cory O2 in the flood. ayeunch the beely, » Canben monoxide (CO) bonds to the Same site and the complex Fremad ving stoble , The CO dots net Breck anny ayaih ends mokes The harinogtobin molecule uselis ,haxocentate ligond oA hecadontrte. ligond has © lone pairs of electrona ond all of which conform co-evalihate borce with Hhe Sane meted jon , © Example EBTAt (EDT Ancthylerachiamnctermacche oc) pelecoor” Foocd, Ncu,coor ° Compler ion (Cu (ED7A)] “ion ~ See ca AD tha 24 on the © The overaik charge comes Fem oh The onginal copparltl) fom onl tha 4 ERTA* jon EDTA — an important complering agentSome common ligands ond their coy trea WNamcef ligand | Formate | Examplac {coendotinl Shope [Nenest igend | Formal. | ee endl Sheps water | Hoo [freteeoy peme | NHa eau [chdenide fom C17 |cyaridteton | CN™ \V hydroxide ion OH ‘ecoHy « thivogancde SCN™ [Fe scny] = Fatsennagy” — G (erga | al [MnCon), J | a “cthane-¥ idiominn’ (on) | [naensctsanyC Cri] | 6 cr 7 a - PE (Ud) for | vee ee] HN«. 7 2c, ee ah ana ( ‘ . wer New Nts ae PE (Nth) Cl, ~ cispletin [wicemy] Consheancur dey) shope: syuere plowe Shope: Square plans ae ie Re ci ‘ (c4ecuy?> Shepe ‘tetrahedroCo-ordination mumber & Shape The shepe of a complex is gouened by tha nisdedoen gs ligondo around the contrel fon, + the w-ordinetion rusts sen ym the rutober of Is gomcke around the central fon. "a chamgs of Vigand can affect the co-orck nation huinben . co-ordination ne) Shape iS octahedral |[CulHs0).]* oe 4 tetrahedral (ewcur | : oe | | | | Sguare | 4 | Ste PE(WHs),CI. a (ona ™ Pp oNE agente.” £-G-S elLigand axchange in complex fom of Copper @) when [culthode]ey is adldect with concendrotace Hel, (Culhol]g #4 Clg, ——= [Cac] +640, tefrachlerocupreteli)ien hecocrguacepprefi) ion Chin etn) Cyetler sor) Shape s occtehactrad Shope: tebrmhestros © Adding ovcter te the yellows soteion , replaces the CMenike Jona a Migonels pias iroltenkes Aan, Anck sclution retumsto blus , Burhan LOCHOW A, is adilect with Mire, Cuthonte, + 2MHaey, <=> [Cub oh], 2 Mle ' Col (I) Aayctrox ice Drveeaai ES 5 es 5) KxComGagh],, + Hla Coto. haley * 2 Hatt Deeg bins ppt. soluble Fefraninmcacdieguoceppert)ion im axcuas NEL Crop bln ea 3 r Shape: octehadrok he of the reaction © Adding of worn wilkhet reverse mach ef “ | eee liganct strength 18 CN NHg>CE > HO, | emot the sctatin toys leap bles « | © Bguclibrum favours product side y a [owctbek e+ Nye) [Cutt lod Jeg* Hee, oF CuCOH), + 4IVH, +2450 =(ecth.0), Goh] 2017C). Adding Neotey fo [Calor] Cy, (CutthodeJety + 20H ey —PC.COM aC us) + 2H lux solution) pate blue ppt) © how add concontroted NHaige) CuO LhO wo, + HhHeey PICHON I Jeg Ot 2HEy dasp blac se(4 d) Adding Comceatrtedd Het 0 [OuCHOXT Ey) is : fc He, uCthodeling thle) (cdg, + M0 ofellow by adding concmtrrtat Nis diepisist, (Cuclffeg, + 4ilbny #240, <= [CuOni), Hd Jeyit Mkoy Cyctlew seb’) (reypl blew setts) Coustets Che Complexes = CoO) oy +4 Clg 1G = (CuCl [eucoy HCI" © Stability constont (Ketes)is Tha 2qutlibrivion constont Lor Hhig vhoctten » Conceadretin f HO is igrersh inthe Repression for Kaleb . CIE Ksfoy (8 avery large equilibrium constont, mp lying a high tenclomncy For Chenile jena to rep lace the wot, © [legend [fomala of ompler | relly cette RSE er Eexcny =~ Exo NH; Fewtwebdectbeg]™"] Ix tol? eo7at | Ca (En7a)*~ ere + Keto vole el tha Cunt (Hach compen is mare dele thon (Cu, Clg 1 commplix . Nity com beplace Clon fe ete ee lop 7 SMe,