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Palm Oil Manufacturing and Application
Palm Oil Manufacturing and Application
process.
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The fruit is made up of:
- Exocarp - skin
THE OIL PALM FRUIT - Mesocarp palm oil and fibers
- Endocarp - shell
- Kernel seed oil & meal
Palm Oil Milling
Process
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EXTRACTION
8 Processes of palm oil production in mill:
1. Bunch reception 5. Digestion
2. Loading ramp 6. Oil Extraction
3. Sterilization 7. Clarification & purification
4. Threshing 8. Nut and kernel station
1. Bunch Reception
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- Fruit from the hopper are loaded into the fruit cages waiting
underneath.
- Each cage hold about 2 tons of fruit and these are pushed in a
train/locomotive to the sterilizer yard.
3. Sterilization
2. LOADING RAMP (cont)
- The fruit arriving inside the
cages are then charged into the
sterilizer to be cooked under
saturated steam at 40 psig.
Purpose:
Threshing or stripping is done to separate the
sterilized fruits from the sterilized bunch stalks.
PURPOSE: Process of reheat, where pericarp loosened from the nuts and prepared
for pressing.
Digestion take place in steam heated vessels provided with stirring arms known as
digester or kettles.
Temperature 100C, the arms stir and rub the fruit, loosening the pericarp from
the nuts and breaking open as many of the oil cells possible.
The digester converts the stripped fruits into a homogeneous mash.
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Palm oil is extracted by pressing in the
screws press- consist of perforated
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cage in which runs a single or double
screw
Press screw: tough and wear resistant
steel; press cage: stainless steel.
The outlet end of perforated cage is
restricted by a cone and it is this
restriction of the discharge that creates
a pressure in the cage.
Discharge from screw press:
Purpose:
- to give a clear stable product of
acceptable appearance. Water and
impurities must be removed.
7. Clarification & Purification (cont)
The crude oil is diluted first with hot water to reduce its viscosity.
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1
The diluted crude oil is screened to remove any coarse fibrous
2 material which is returned to digester.
The screened crude oil is heated (90-95C) and pumped to the
3 continuous settling tank.
Retention of the crude liquor in settling tank enables the oil to rise to
4 the surface and overflow continuously into a reception tank.
Settled oil purified by centrifuging reduce the dirt content to
5 0.01% or less
8. Nut & Kernel Station
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8. Nut & Kernel Station (cont)
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Function of depericarper:
nut polishing
partial drying of fibre
transport of fibre to the boiler
house
grading out of oversize
foreign material e.g wood,
stones, metal bits and stalks
8. Nut & Kernel Station
Application
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EXTRACTION
REFINING
Why refining?